A Botanical Survey of Cuming County: Part I, the Vascular Plants

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Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies Nebraska Academy of Sciences

1977

A BOTANICAL SURVEY OF CUMING COUNTY: PART I, THE VASCULAR PLANTS

Steven Churchill University of Nebraska - Lincoln

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Churchill, Steven, "A BOTANICAL SURVEY OF CUMING COUNTY: PART I, THE VASCULAR PLANTS" (1977). Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies. 422. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tnas/422

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Nebraska Academy of Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societiesy b an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. A BOTANICAL SURVEY OF CUMING COUNTY: PART I, THE VASCULAR PLANTS

STEVEN P. CHURCmLL

School of Life Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and Division of Botany, University of Nebraska State Museum Lincoln, Nebraska 68588

A botanical survey of the vascular plants of Cuming County, have been collected by the author. Those grasses not veri Nebraska, recognizes 4 major vegetation zones and a total of 491 fied by specimen are here excluded from the annotated list. species representing 270 genera and 83 families. These include: Bromus ciliatus, Schedonnardus paniculatus, t t t Muhlenbergia cuspidata, Sporobolus asper, and Aristida purpurea. INTRODUCTION

This is the first systematic botanical survey for a north Collectors and the number of specimen contained in the eastern Nebraska county and the second published county Nebraska State Herbarium from Cuming County are: L. Brun flora survey for Nebraska. The first published botanical survey er (2); H. Webber (2); N. Peterson (1); A. Burke (1); W. Tol was that of Urbatsch and Eddy (1973) for Dawes County, stead (5); S. Churchill (1,000). Recently, the University of Nebraska. Part I of this study presents the vascular flora Kansas, in its survey of the Great Plains, has added a number Equisteophyta, Polypodiophyta, Pinophyta and Magnolio of collections from Cuming County by H.A. Stephens, some of phyta-of Cuming County. Work is now under way on Part II which are additions to the author's collections and are cited of the bryophyte flora. in the annotated list.

The study of the vascular flora of Cuming County was LOCATION conducted for the flowering seasons of 1972 through 1974. The objective was to survey and document with plant speci Cuming County is in the second tier of counties west mens all known species, native and introduced, that were not of the Missouri River in northeastern Nebraska. With an under cultivation within the county. In addition to collecting, area of about 570 square miles or 365,440 acres (Nebraska species' associations and vegetation zones were recorded. Conservation Needs Committee, 1969), Cuming County Approximately 12 visits were made throughout the flowering is located in that general area known as the "eastern prairie" season for each of the 3 years. Sixty-three sites were studied; of the Great Plains and forms a portion of the vast central several were sampled throughout the season; and all possible lowlands in the interior of North America (Raisz, 1957). vegetation zones were surveyed.

Four hundred ninety-one species, 7 subspecies or varie GEOLOGY AND SOILS ties, and 4 hybrids-representing 270 genera and 83 families were recorded; and 1,000 specimen were collected and are All of the geologic bedrock of Cuming County is covered deposited at the Nebraska State Herbarium (NEB). A dupli by mantlerock (soils and unconsolidated sediments). From cate set of nearly all species of the author's collections is west to east, the bedrock forms are: Carlile, Greenhorn deposited at the Missouri Botanical Garden (MO). Graneros, and Dakota, all of the Cretaceous period (Elder, 1969). Both the Nebraskan and Kansan glacial stages covered BOTANICAL HISTORY Cuming County.

The first botanical record from Cuming County was Five soil associations have been recognized within the noted by a mixed collection of Cystopteris tragi/is and Adian county: Nora-Moody-Judson, Colo-Calco-Kennebec, Moody tum petiatum made by L. Bruner from West Point in July, Nora-Belfore, Zook-Leshara-Wann, and Thurman~Leisy-Moody 1880. Bessey (1890) listed 38 species of grasses from Cuming associations (OaMoude, 1973). Soil types generally coincide County exhibited at the 1889 Nebraska State Fair. These with the major vegetation zones (Fig. 1): silty soils on the up grasses were collected by Artman and were examined and lands (eastern tallgrass prairie); clayey, silty, loam soils on the listed by H. Webber. None of Artman's collections is contained bottomlands (floodplain prairie and forest); and sandy upland in the Nebraska State HeIbarium. All but 5 of these grasses (sandhills prairie).

43 Vegetation of Cuming County, Nebraska ~ TALLGRASS BLUESTEM PRAIRIE

SANDHILLS PRAIRIE N

Figure 1. Vegetation ofCuming County, Nebraska.

44 TOPOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE 14% pasture, 1% range, 2% forest, and 4% miscellaneous-e.g. farmstead, town, road, etc. (Nebraska Conservation Needs The maximum topographic relief (highest elevation) in Committee, 1969). Cuming County is approximately 1600 feet in the western portion and 1100 feet (the minimum) in the eastern portion As a result of this study, two notable facts concerning of the county. The uplands are marked by level-to-rolling the vegetation zones in Cuming County are reported. First, plains and the lowlands with minor- and major-level flood Churchill et al., (l976) reported the eastern-most extension plains. The general slope and drainage is to the south and east. of sandhills vegetation for Nebraska occurring in Cuming The largest drainage systems are the Elkhorn River and its County. Second, eastern deciduous forests are native to the major tributaries: Logan, Cuming, Plum, Rock, and Pebble Elkhorn River valley area. The question as to whether this Creeks (Bentall, et aI., 1971). eastern deciduous forest vegetation zone in Cuming County is native has been raised by the University of Nebraska Conserva- CLIMATE tion and Survey Division. I think several facts support the contention that the oak woods are native to the region. First, The mean annual precipitation based on the period Sweet's account, mentioned previously, states that a lumber from 1931-1955 for West Point ranged from 24 to 28 inches. mill was in operation at West Point and harvested much of the The mean temperature ranged from 21 to 79 degrees during local cottonwood and oak. Second, much of the oak woods the same period. The number of frost-free days based on the contain "typical" eastern deciduous forest vegetation, e.g., period from 1921-1950 at West Point ranged from 159 to 236 Quercus macrocarpa, Tilia americana, Xanthoxylum ameri days. The mean dates of the last spring frost ranged from canum, Gymnocladus dioica, Menispermum canadensis, 03-21 to 05-02, and from 10-08 to 11-13 for the first fall Aquilegia canadensis, Dicentra cucul/aria, Sangunalja canaden- . 'Y ' frost (Stevens, 1959). sis, Carex convoluta, Adiantum pedatum, Botrychium vir ginianum, and Cystopteris fragiUs. Third, the common pres- PAST AND PRESENT VEGETATION ence of oak seedlings suggests their adaptability to the area of the Elkhorn River bluffs and sandy floodplain. Thus, it must Since no botanical accounts were ever kept for Cuming be assumed that many years would be involved in the estab County, it is difficult to assess the original vegetation. Com lishment of such a zone, and therefore, it did not just come piled data concerning present relict tracts of vegetation zones into being after the presence of European man. and their components, plus available early historical accounts, aid in postulating the probable vegetation of Cuming County. It is not difficult to assess the future of the relict vegeta tion tracts in Cuming County. The rich eastern deciduous The historical settlement of Cuming County from the forest flora contained on the bluffs south of Beemer (Sec. 1, period of first settlement in the early 1850's through the mid- T22N, RSE) is slowly being eroded by the local garbage dump, 1870's is given by Sweet (l876), whose account provides and the sandhill prairies southwest of Wisner and southeast several clues to the original vegetation. Rich floodplain forest of West Point are slowly being stabilized through so-called and tall grass areas are described for the lowlands, while the management programs. This study, and especially the collec uplands were vast areas of prairie. However, there is seldom a tions made which contain labelled location and habitat in year when Sweet does not mention flooding of the Elkhorn formation, will aid in the assessment of future changes in River and/or its major tributaries, or the extensive prairie vegetation zones and components of those zones within the fires on the uplands. Such accounts testify to the natural con county. ditioning that gave the prairie and floodplain their apparent richness before the influence of European man. ANNOTATED LIST

Tlle vegetation map (Fig. 1) of Cuming County is a The following list is arranged according to Cronquist compromise between past and present vegetation. All but the (l968) as modified by McGregor et al. (l977) for the vascular eastern deciduous forest generally conform to the original plant families. Within each of the families, genera and species vegetation. The eastern deciduous forest was probably more are arranged alphabetically. Nomenclature generally follows extensive than depicted on the map. that of McGregor et al (l977) for the treatment of g!lnera and species. Subspecies and varieties are recognized only if the Four major vegetation zones can be recognized in author considers them distinct enough for recognition. Cuming County: floodplain prairie and forest; tallgrass blue stem prairie; sandhills prairie; and eastern deciduous forest. To conserve space, symbols have been employed for These zones generally conform to the recent vegetation map each of the vegetation zones that are given for each taxon. In of Nebraska by Kaul (l975). Only small remnants of the zones addition, symbols !lre used to describe particular habitats in are in existence today due to the intense agricultural use of a vegetation zone. For the vegetation zones, those symbols the land in Cuming County. Present land use in Cuming are: tallgrass bluestem prairie (TBP); sandhills prairie (SP); County in percentage of total land acres is: 79% cropland, floodplain forest (FF); floodplain prairie (FP); and eastern

45 deciduous forest (EDF). For the habitats they are: aquatic Nebraska Conservation Needs Committee. 1969. Nebraska (A); marsh (M); meadow (MW); riparian (R); disturbed ground Conservation Needs Inventory. Lincoln, Nebraska, Soil (DG). For the origin of the plants, they .are either introduced Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture. or adventive, most of which have become naturalized now (I). 259 pp. Taxa with no notation of "(I)" are here considered native to the county. Raisz, E. 1957. Landforms ofthe United States (map).

All taxa listed were collected or verified by the author. Stevens, W. 1959. Oimates of the States-Nebraska. Oima Specimens of each taxon are deposited in the Nebraska State tography of the United States No. 60-25. U.S. Depart Herbarium (NEB) except those indicated are at the University ment of Commerce Weather Bureau. 16 pp. of Kansas (KANU). Sweet, E. 1876. History of Cuming County. lincoln, Journal ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Company. 52 pp.

Several individuals assisted with the verification or Urbatsch, L. and REddy. 1973. A floristic study of Dawes determination of specimens and are gratefully acknowledged: County, Nebraska. Trans. Neb. Acad. Sci. 2:190-204. Mr. Robert Albert, Drs. Ole Kolstad, Ronald McGregor, and David Sutherland. Ms. Martha Haack, illustrator for the Uni ANNOTATED LIST versity of Nebraska State Museum, prepared the fine map illus tration. Special thanks are extended to Dr. Greg Anderson for EQUISTEOPHYTA help in the initiation of this study and to Dr. Robert Kaul for support throughout the study. I would like to thank my wife, Equisetaceae Katherine, for accompanying and assisting on many of the Equisetum arvense L. (FF) E. laevigatum A. Br. (SP) field trips. E. hyemale L. (M, R)

1 wish to acknowledge financial support from the Jessie POLYPODIOPHYTA Lee Fund for several summers of field work. Ophioglossaceae

REFERENCES Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. (EDF)

Bentall, R, et al. 1971. Water Supplies and the Land-the Polypodiaceae Elkhorn River Basin of Nebraska. lincoln, University of Nebraska Conservation and Survey Division. 51 pp. Adiantum pedatum L. (EDF) Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. (EDF) PINOPHYTA Bessey, C. 1890. Report of the botanist on the grasses and forage plants. State Journal Company. 161 pp. Cupressaceae

Churchill, S., R. Kaul and D. Sutherland. 1976. New records Juniperus virginiana L. (DG-SP) in Nebraska Herbaria of native and introduced plants. MAGNOLIOPHYTA Trans. Neb. Acad. Sci. 3 :32-36. LILIATAE Cronquist, A. 1968. The Evolution and Oassification of Flow ering Plants. Boston, Houghton Mifflin. Alismataceae Alisma plantago-aquatica L. (M) S. latifolia Willd. (M-FF, R) DeMoude, D. 1973. Soil Survey Interpretations for Cuming A. subcordatum Raf. (M) S. montevidensis Cham. et Schlect County Nebraska. lincoln, Nebraska, Soil Conservation Sagittaria engelmanniana J. G. Sm. ssp. calycina (Engelm.) Bogin (R} Service. United States Department of Agriculture. ssp, brevirostra (Mack. et Bush) Bogin (M)

Hydrocharitaceae Elder, J. 1969. Soils of Nebraska. Resource Report No.2. lincoln, University of Nebraska Conservation and Sur Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John (A) vey Division. 60 pp. Potamogetonaceae Kaul, R 1975. Vegetation of Nebraska (map). Conservation Potamogeton foliosus Raf. (A) P. pectinatus L. (A) and Survey Division. University of Nebraska-lincoln. Zannichelliaceae McGregor, R, et aL 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains. Iowa State University Press. (in press). Zannichellia palustris L. (A)

46 Leptochloa fascicularia (Lam.) Secale cereale L. (DG; I) Juncaceae GIllY (R) Setaria glauca (L.) Beauy. (DG: I) Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir.) Fern. (FF) Juncus alpinus Vill. (M) J. interior Wieg. (M, R) M. mexicona (L.) Trin. (FF) S. verticUlata (L.) Beauy. (DG;I) J. balticuS Willd. (M) J. nodosus L. (R) M. racemosa (Michx.) B. S. P. (FF) S. viridis (L.) Beauy. (DG; I) J. dudleyi Wieg. (M, R) J. to"eyi COY. (M, R) Panicum capillare L. (DG) Sorghastrum avenaceum (Michx.) P. dichotomiflorum Michx. (FF) Nash (FP, TBP) (S. nutans) Cyperaceae P. leibergii (Vasey) Scribn. (TBP, FP) Spartina pectinata Link. (M) P. oligoaanthes Schultes var.lJcribnerianum Carex aggregata Mack. (EDF) Cyperus acuminatus Torr. et Hook. (R) (Nash) Fern. (TBP, SP) Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. c. amphibola Steud. C. aristatus Rottb. (R) P. praecociulJ Hitchc. et Chase (TBP) vat.obtusata (M) var. turgida Fern. (EDF) C. diandrus Torr. (R) P. virgatum L. (TBP, FP) S. obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. vat. C. bicknellii Britt. (M) (Tolsted C. erythrorhizos Muhl. (R) P. wilcoxianum Vasey (SP) major (Torr.) Erdman. (M) s.n. 20 May 1939; NEB) C. esculentus L. (DG, R) Paapalum setaceum Michx. var. stramineum C. blanda Dewey (EDF, FF) C. ferruginescens Boeckl. (R) (Nash) D. Banks (SP) Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) c. brevior (Dewey) Mack. (SP, TBP) C. lupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks Pha/aris arundinacea L. (M) GIllY (SP) C. comosa Boott. (M) ssp.lupulinulJ (SP) Phleum pratense L. (FP; I) s. vaginijlorus (Torr.) c. convoluta Mack. (EDF) C. rivularilJ Kunth. (R) Phragmites australis (CaY.) Trin. ex Wood. (DG-SP) C. cristatella Britt. (M) C. IJchweinitzii Torr. (SP) Steud. (M) (P. communis) Stipa IJpartea Trin. (SP, TBP) c. granularis Muhl. var. haleana C. IJtrigOSUIJ L: (R) Poa compressa L. (EDF; I) (Olney) Porter (M) C. lupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks ssp.lupullnulJ P. pratenlJis L. (DG, TBP, Triplasis purpurea (Walt.) C. gravida Bailey. var. gravida (M) Xc. schweinitzii Torr. (SP) SP, FP;I?) Chapm. (SP) C. heliophiJa Mack. (SP) Eleocharis acicularia (L.) R. et S. (M) Zizania aquatica L. (M-FF) C. hyalinolepis Steud. (M) E. erythropoda Steud. (M) Sparganiaceae c. laeviconica Dewey (M) E. macrolJtachya Britt. (M) c. lanuginosa Michx. (M) E. obtusa (Willd.) Schult. var. ovata (Roth) Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. (M) c. molelJta Mack. (M) Drapalik et Mohlenbrock (M) C. meadii Dewey (FP) Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl.) Pax (R) Typhaceae c. aprengelii Dewey (EDF) Scirpus acutus Muhl. (M) C. atipata Muhl. (M) S. atrovi1"enlJ Willd. (M) Typha angustifolia L. (M) T. x glauca Godr. (M)(T. C. stricta Lam. (M) S. fluviatilis (Torr.) Gray (M) T. latifolia L. (M) angustifolia X T. latifolia) C. vulpinoidea Michx. (M) S. pallidulJ (Britt.) Fern. (M) S. validus Vahl. (M, R) Araceae

Poaceae Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott (EDF)

Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. Cinna arundinacea L. (FF) Lemnaceae (DG-Sp. I) Dactylis g/omerata L. (DG-FP; I) A. intermediu:n (Host.) Beauy. (DG; I) Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Lemna minor L. (A) Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. (A) A. repens (L.) Beauy. (DG; I) . . Muhl. (DG-SP; I) A. smithii Rydb. . D. sangumalls (L.) Scop. (DG; I) Commelinaceae (GD-FP) Echmochloa crus?alli (L.) Beauy. (DG; I) Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) E. muncata (Beauy.) Fern. vat. Tradescantia bracteata Small (FP) T. occidentalis (Britt.) Smyth. (SP) B. S. P. (M) muricata (M) A. stolonifera L. (M; I) (A. alba E. muricata (Beauy.) Fern. var. Liliaceae misapplied) mierostachya Wieg. (M) Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. (M) Elymus canadenlJis L. (SP, TBP) Allium canadense L. var. Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell. (FF, EDF) A. pratenlJis L. (DG-FP; I) E. v~lo.su.s Muhl. (EDF) canadense (FP) Smilacina stellata (L.) Desf. (FF, EDF) Andropogon gerardi Vitman (FP) E. vzrgznzeus L. (FF, M) A. canadense L. vat./avendulare Smilax herbacea L. var.lalJioneuron A. hallii Hack. (SP) Eragrostis cilianenlJis (All.) (Bates) M. Ownbey et Aase (FP) (Hook.) A. DC. (EDF) A. scoparius Michx. (TBP, SP) E. Mosher. (DG; I) Asparagus officinalis L. (DG-FF; I) S. hispida Muhl. (EDF) A. gerardii Vitman X A. hallii Hack. (SP) Hyposix hi1"suta (L.) COY. (FP) Yucca glauca Nutt. (SP) Aristida basiramea Engelm. (TBP) E. hypnoides (Lam.) B. S. P. (R) A. oligantha Michx. (DG-SP) E. pectinacea (Michx.) Nees. (R) Iridaceae Avena sativa L. (DG; I) E. spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. (SP) Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. (TBP) Sisyrinchium campestre Bickn. (FP) B. gracilis (H. B. K.) Griffiths (SP) E. trichodes (Nutt.) Wood. (SP) B. hi1"suta Lag. (SP) Festuca obtusa Biehler (FF, EDF) MAGNOLIATAE Bromus inermis Leyss. ssp. inermis F. octoflora Walt. (TBP, SP) (DG, EDF; I) F. ovina L. var. rydbergii St. Yoes. (EDF) Salicaceae B. iaponicus Thunb. (DG-SP-FF; I) F. pratensis Huds. (DG-EDF; I) B. tectorum L. (DG; I) Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. PopululJ deltoides Marsh vat. S. amygdaloides Anderss. (FF, R) Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) (M-FF) occidentalis (Rydb. (FF, MW-FP) S. exigua Nutt. ssp. interior Enge1m. (DG) Salix alba L. (FF, R; I) (Rowlee) Cronq. (FF, R, M-FP) Calamagrostis canadensis Hordeum jubatum L. (DG; I) H. pusillum Nutt. (DG-FP) (Michx.) BeaUY. (M-FP) Juglandaceae Calamovilfa IOngifolia (Hook.) Koeleria pyramidata (Lam.) Beauy. Scn"bn. (SP) (TBP, SP) (K. cristata) Jug/ans nigra L. (EDF) CenchrulJ longispinus (Hack.) Leersia oryzoides (L.) Swartz. (M) Fern. (DG) L. vi1"ginica W"illd. (EDF, FF)

47 Fagaceae Ceratophyllaceae

Quercus macrocarpa Michx. (EDF) Ceratophyllum demersum L. (A)

Ulmaceae Ranuncu1aceae

Celtis occidentalis L (EDF, MW-FP) U. pumila L. (DG-TBP; I) Anemone canadensis L. (MW-FP) Ranunculus abortivis L. (FF, EDF) Ulmus americana L. (FF, EDF) U. rubra Muhl. (FF, EDF) A. cylindrica Gray (EDF) R. pensylvanicus L. (FF) Aquilegia canadensis L. (EDF) R. sceleratus L. (R) Moraceae Oematis virginiana L. (MW-FP) Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch., Delphinium virescens Nutt. (SP) Mey., et Ave-Lall. (MW-FP, FF) Cannabis sativa L. (DG; I) Morus alba L. (EDF), FF. I) Humulus lupulis L. (DG) Menispermaceae

Urticaceae Menispermum canadense L. (EDF)

Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. (FF) Urrica dioica L. ssp. gracilis Papaveraceae Laportea canadensis (L.) Gaud. (FF) (Ait.) Selander (EDF, FF) Pilea fontana (LuneD) Rydb. (EDF) Argemone polyanthemos (Fedde) Sanguinaria canadensis L., G. Ownbey (SP) (EDF)i Santalaceae Fumariaceae Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. ssp. umbellata (FP) Dicentra cucu"aria (L.) Bernh. (EDF)

Polygonaceae Brassicaceae

Eriogonum annuum Nutt. (SP) P. ramosissimum Michx. (DG) Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. (FP) Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. (DG) (L.) Coss. (DG; I) (Nutt.) Polygonum achoreum make (DG) P. scandens L. (FF) Brassica juncea Lesquerella ludoviciana B. nigra (L.) Koch. (DG; I) Wats. (SP) P. arenastrum Jord. ex Bor. (DG) Rumex acetosella L. (DG-SP) Camelina microcarpa Andrz. Rorippa austriaca (Crantz.) Bess. (M-DG) (P. aviculare) R. altissimus Wood. (M) (DG; I) R. palustris (L.) Bess. ssp. glabra (Schulz} P. coccineum Muhl. (M, A) R. crispus L. (M-FF) Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Stuckey var. fernaldiana (Butt. P. convolvulus L. (DG-FF; I) R. maritimus L. var. [ueginus Medic. (DG; I) et. Abbe) Stuckey (R, M; n P. lapathifolium L. (M-FF; I) (Phil.) Dusen. (R) Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. (DG:I) R. sinuata (Nutt.) Hitchc. (DG-Mr P. pengylvanicum L. (M-FF) R. stenophyllus Ledeb. (M; I) Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. var. (Stephens 21121; KANU) P. punctatum Ell. (M-FP) R. venosus Pursh (SP) brachycarpa (Richards.) Fern. (DG) Sisymbrium altissimum Draba reptans (Lam.) Fern. (SP) L. (DG; n Olenopodiaceae Erysimum cheiranthoides L. (EDF; I) S. loeselii L. (DG; ti Hesperis matronalis L. (DG; I) Thlaspi arvense L. (DG; I) Chenopodium album L. (DG; I) Cycloloma atriplicifolium C desiccatum A. Nels. (DG-SP) (Spreng.) Coult. (R) Crassulaceae C hybridum L. (DG-EDF) Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. (DG; I) Penthorum sedoides L. (M, R) C. standleyanum AeDen (EDF) Salsola iberica Sennen et Pau. Corispermum nitidum L. (SP) (DG; I) (S.kali) Saxifragaceae Amaranthaceae Ribes missouriense Nutt. (FF, EDF) Amaranthus graecizans L. (DG) Froelichia floridana Nutt. var. Rosaceae A.retroflexus L. (DG) campestris (Small) Fern. (SP) A. tamariscinus Nutt. (DG) F. gracilis (Hook.) Moq. (DG-SP) Crataegus mollis (T. et G.) Prunus americana Marsh (FF) . Scheele. (EDF) P. besseyi Bailey (SP) Nyctaginaceae Fragaria virginiana Duchn. (FP) P. virginiana L. (FF) Geum canadense Jacq. (FF) Rosa arkansana Porter (FP, TBp) Mirabilis albida (Walt.) M. nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM. Potentilla norvegica L. (FF, R) Rubus occidentalis L. (EDF) Heimerl. (SP) (DG, FF) P. recta L. (SP; I)

Aizoaceae Fabaceae A. crassicarpus Nutt. (TBP) Mollugo verticillata L. (DG-SP; I) Amorpha canescens Pursh Cassia fasciculata Michx. (DG-FP) (TBP, SP, FP) L. Caryophyllaceae A. [ruricosa L. (R, M-FF) Crotalaria sagittalis (M) Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern. (SP) Cerastium vulgatum L. (EDF; I) S. dichotoma Ehrh. (DG; I) (peter Apios americana Fabricus (FF) Desmodium canescens (L.) DC. (TBP) Saponaria officinalis L. (DG; I) son s.n. 3 July 1908; NEB) (Stephens 36401; KANU) D. glutinosum (Muhl.) Wood. Sl1ene anti"hina L. (DG-FP) S. stellata (L.) Ait. f. (MW-FP) Astragalus canadensis L. (FP) (EDF); D. illinoense Gray (TBP)

48 Gleditsia triaca~thos L. (FF) Glycyrrhiza lepldota Pursh Petalostemon occidentale (Gray ex Vitaceae (FP) Heller) Fern. (SP) P. purpureum (Vent.) Rydb. (SP, TBP) Panhenocissus vitacea (Knerr) Vitis riparia Michx. (FF) Gymnocladus dioica (L.) K. Koch. P. villosum Nutt. (SP) Hitchc. (SP) (EDF) Psoralea argophylla Pursh Lathyrus polymorphus Nutt. (FP, TBP) Tiliaceae ssp. polymorphus (SP) P. digitata Pursh (SP) L. palustris L. (FP) P. esculenta Pursh (TBP) Tilia americana L. (EDF) Strophostyles helvola (L.) Ell. Lespedeza capitata Michx. (SP, TBP) (TBP, DG) Malvaceae Medicago lupulina L. (DG; I) Trifolium hybridum L. (FP; I) M. sativa L. (DG; I) T. pratense L. (FP; I) Abutilon theophrasti Medic. (DG; I) H trionum L. (DG; I) T. repens L. I) Melilotus albus Desr. (DG; I) (FP, DG; Callirhoe involucrata (T. et G) Malva rotundifolia L. Vicia villosa I) M. officinalis (L.) Lam. (DG; I) Roth. (DG; Gray (TBP) (DG;I) oxytropis lambertii Pursh (SP) Hibiscus militaris Cav. (M-FF)

Geraniaceae Hypericaceae

Geranium pusillum L. (DG; I) (Burke Hypericum perforatum L. (MW-FP; I) s.n. August 1896; NEB) Violaceae Oxalidaceae Viola missouriensis Greene (FF) V. sororia Willd. (FF) Oxalis corniculata L. (FF) O. stricta L. (EDF) v. pedatifida G. Don (TBP, SP) O. dillenii Jacq. (EDF) O. violacea L. (EDF) Cactaceae Unaceae Opuntia polycantha Haw. (SP) Linum perenne L. var.lewisii L. rigidum Pursh var. rigidum (SP) (Pursh) Eat. et Wright (TBP) Elaeagnaceae L. sulcatum Ridd. (SP) Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (SP, EDF; I) Zygophyllaceae Lythraceae Tribulus terrestris L. (OG-SP; I) Ammannia coccinea Rottb. (R) Lythrum alatum Pursh (M-FP, R) Rutaceae Onagraceae Zanthoxylum americanum Mill. (EDF) Calylophus serrulatus (Nutt.) Raven O. laciniata Hill. (SP) Euphorbiaceae (SP) (Oenothera s.) O. rhombipetala Nutt. (SP) Oenothera biennis L. ssp. centralis Euphorbia coroUata L. (DG) E. marginata Pursh (OG-FF) Munz (FF) E. dentata Michx. (DG) E. missurica Raf. var. intennedia E. glyptospenna Engelm. (DG, SP) (E.ngelm.) Wheeler (OG-SP) Apiaceae E. hexagona Nutt. (OG-SP) E. nutans Lag. (DG) E. maculata L. (DG) E. podperae Croizat (DG; I) Cicuta maculata L. (M-FP) O. longistylis (Torr.) DC. var. Conicum maculatum L. (DG; I) villicaulis Fern. (FF) Anacardiaceae Oyptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. Pastinaca sativa L. (DG; I) (EDF, FF) Sanicula canadensis L. (EDF) Rhus glabra L. (FF, EDF) Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze. ssp. Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) Clarke S. gregoria Bickn. (EDF) negundo (Greene) Gillis (FF, EDF, SP) (FF, EDF) Sium suave Walt. (M-FF) Zizia aurea (L. Koch.) (FP) Celastraceae Cornaceae Celastrus scandens L. (EDF) Cornus drummondii Mey. (FF) Aceraceae Primulaceae Acer negundo L. (FF, EDF) A. saccharinum L. (FF) Androsace occidentalis Pursh (SP) L. thrysiflora L. (M) Balsaminaceae Lysimachia cl1iata L. (M-FP)

Impatiens biflora Walt. (FF, EDF) I. paUida Nutt. (FF) Oleaceae

Rhamnaceae Fraxinus pennsyivanica Marsh var. subintegerrima (Vahl.) Fern. (FF) Ceanothus herbaceous Raf. var. pubescens (T. et G.) Shinners (SP)

49 Apocynaceae Bignoniaceae

Apocynum cannabinum L. (DG) A. sibiricum Jacq. (DG) Catalpa speciollil Warder (FF; I)

Asc1epiadaeeae Piantaginaceae

Asclepias amplexicaulis Sm. (SP) A. tuberollil L. ssp. interior Plantago patagonica Jacq. var. P. rugelii~e.(FF) A. arenaria Torr. (SP) Woods. (SP) patagonica (SP, TBP, DG) P. virginica L. (DG) A. incarnata L. (M) A. verticlliata L. (TBP, FP, SP) (P. punhii) A. sullivantii Enge1m. (FP) A. viridijlora Raf. (SP) A. ~riaca Vail. (DG) Rubiaceae

Convolvulaceae Cephalanthus occidentalis L. (M-FF) G. obtusum Bigel. (FP) (Webber 5090; NEB) G. trifidum L. (M-FP) Convolvulus arvensis L. (DG; I) C polygonorum Engelm. (R) Galium aparine L. (FF, EDF) C sepium L. (DG) Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Mey. CUscuta cephalantha Engelm. (DG) (DG; I) Caprifoliaceae

Polemoniaceae Sambucus canadensis L. (FF) Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook. (SP, TBP, EDF) Phlox pilollil L. (FP) Cucurbitaceae Hydrophyllaceae Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Greene (DG) E1lisia nyctelea L. (DG) Campanulaeeae Boraginaceae Campanula americana L. (FF) Triodanis per/oliata (L.) Nieuw. (SP) Hackelia virginiana (L.) I.M. L. carolinense (Walt.) Johnst. (FF) MacM.(SP) Lobeliaceae Lithospermum canescens (Miehx.) L. incisum l.ehm. (SP) Lehm. (FP) Lobelia siphilitica L. (M)

Verbenaceae Asteraceae

Phyla lanceolata Miehx.) Greene (M) V. urtici/olia L. (MW-FP; FF) Achillea mille/olium L. ssp. C ramosissima Cronq. (DG) Verbena bracteata Lag. et Rodr. (DG-SP) V. x illicita Moldenke lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper. (TBP) DyssodiIJ papposa (Vent.) V. hastata L. (M) (MW-FP) (V. .urtici/olia X V. stricta) Ambrosia artemisii/olia L. (DG) Hitehe. (DG) V.stricta Vent. (TBP, SP, FP) A. psilostachya DC. (DG) Echinacea angusti/olia DC. var A. trlftda L. (DG; I) angusti/oliIJ (TBP, SP) Lamiaceae Antennaria neglecta Greene (SP, TBP) Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. (R) ArtemisiIJ dracunculus L. (DG) Erigeron philadelphicus L. (FP) Agastache nepetoides (L.) Nepeta cataria L. (EDF; I) A.ludoviciana Nutt. var. E. strigosus Muhl. (TBP, SP) O. Ktze. (FF) Physostegia virginiana (L.) ludoviciana (SP) Eupatorium maculatum L. var. Hedeoma hispida Pursh (SP) Benth.(M) Aster ericoides L. (TBP) bruneri (Gray) Breitung. (FP) Leonurus cardiaca L. (M-FF; I) Prunella vulgaris L. (FF; I) A. novae-angliae L. (EDF) E. per/oliIJtum L. (FP) Lycopus americanus Muhl. (M) Scutellaria lateri/lora L. (M-FP) A. oblongi/olius Nutt. (SP) E. rugosum Houtt. (FF, EDF) L. asper Greene (M) S. parvula Miehx. var.leonardi A pansus (Blake) Cronq. (FP) Gnaphalium obtusi/olium L. (SP) L. virginicus L. (M) (Epl.) Fern. (DG-M) (Stephens 44729; KANU) Grindelia squarrollil (Pursh) Mentha arvensis L. (M) Teucrium canadense L. var. occidentale A. praealtus Poir. var. nebras Dun. var. squarrosa (TBP) MonardiJ ftstulollil L. (MW-FP) (Gray) Mea. et Epl. (M) kensis (Britt.) Wieg. (M) Haplopappus spinulosus (Pursh) A. simplex Willd. var. ramosissimus DC. (SP) Solanaceae (T. et G.) Cronq. (M) Helillnthus annuus L. (DG) Bidens cernua L. (M) H. grosseserratus Martens Physalis heterophylla Nees. (SP) Solanum americanum Mill. (DG, FF) B. COmollil (Gray) Wieg. (M) (FP) P. virginiana Mill. var. virginiana (FP) S. rostratum Dun. (DG) B. /rondosa L. (M) H. maximiliIJna Sehrad. (FP) P. virginiana Mill. var. sonorae S. trljlorum Nutt. (DG?) (Web- B. vulgata (Greene (M) H. petiolaris Nutt. (SP, FP) (Torr.) Waterfall (FP) (P. !ongifolia) -ber 5619; NEB) Carduus nutans L. (DG; I) H. rigidus (Cass) Desf. ssp. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum rigidus (SP, FP) Scrophulariaceae L. (DG;I) H. tuberosus L. (FP) Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh) Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Agalinis tenui/olia (Vahl.) Raf. (R) Verbascum thapsusL. (DG; I) Nutt. (SP) Sweet. var. scabra' Lindernia dubia (L.) Penn. (R) Veronica peregrina L. var. peregrina Cirsium altissimum (L.) (Dun.) Fern. (FP) Mimulus ringens L. (M) (DG-M) Spreng. (FF) Hymenopappus tenui/olius Penstemon albidus Nutt. (SP) V. peregrina L. var. xalapensis C canescens Nutt. (SP) Pursh (SP) P. grandi/lorus Nutt. (SP) (H.B.K.) St. John et Warren C jlodmani (Rydb.) Arthur (SP) Kuhnia eupatorioides L. var. Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh (FF) (DG-M) C vulgare (Savi) Ten. (DG; I) corymbulollil T. et G. (TBp) Conyza canadensis (L.) .Cronq. (DG) Lactuca canadensis L. (DG) so L. oblongifolia Nutt. (EDP) S. coTllldensis L. var. scabra T. (L. pulchella) et G. (MW-FF) (S. almsima) L. serriola L. (FF; n s. gigantetlAit. var. seratina (0. (L.scariola) Ktze.) Cronq. (FP) Liatris aspera Michx. (TBP) S. graminifolia (L.) Salisb. var. L. glabrata Rydb. (SP) gymnospermoides (Greene) Croat (SP) L. pycnostachya Michx. (FP) S. missouriensis Nutt. (SP, TBP) Lygodesmia juncetl (Pursh) D. S. rigida L. var. rigida Don. (SP) (SP, TBP) Matricaria matricarioides (Less) S. rigida L. var. humilis Porter. (DG) Porter (SP) Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. Taraxacum offtciTlllle Weber (DG; I) et StandI. (SP, FP) The1esperma filifolium (Hook.) R. pinTlllta (Vent.) Bamh. (FP) Gray var. intermedium (Rydb.) Rudbeckia hirta L. (MW-FP) Shinners (SP) R. laciniata L. (M-FF) Tragopogon dubius Scop. (DG; n Senecio plattensis Nutt. (SP, TBP) Vemonia baldwini Torr. var. interior Silphium integrifolium Michx. (FP) (Small) Schub. (TBP) S. laciniatum L. (Fp) (Stephens 44729; KANU) S. perfoliatum L. (FP) V. fasciculata Michx. var. Solidago canadensis L. var. fasctculata (FP, DG) hargeri Fern. (TBP, EDF) Xanthium strumarium L. (DG, R; I)