r 1

HEAD OF 'IHE LAKE COWUNITY GROUNDWATER DEVELDPMENT PROGRAM

L

Prepared for

The Indian Band

BY

KALA GROUNDWATER CONSULTING LTD.

March, 1988 .

TABLE OF cXNIlNE

Page TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... (i) LIST OF' FIGURES ...... (ii)

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1

SECTION 2 BACKGROUND ...... 2 2.1 General Hydrogeology ...... 2 2.2 Existing Wells in the Vicinity ...... 3

SECTION 3 DESCRIPTION OF PRESENT PROGRAM ...... 4

SECTION 4 RESULTS OF PROGRAM ...... 6 4.1 Well Completion ...... 6 4.2 Aquifer Testing ...... 7

SECTION 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 8

APPENDIX LIST OF E'IGURES

following page

FIGURE 1 VALLEY FILL DEPOSITS ...... 3

FIGURE 2 SEISMIC CROSS-SECTION ...... 3

FIGURE 3 LOCATION OF SEISMIC PROFILE ...... 3

FIGURE 4 MAJOR AQUIFERS VALLEY ..... 3

FIGURE 5 WELL COMPLETION DIAGRAM ...... 6

(ii) The present program was carried out at the request of the Okanagan Indian Band to develop a supplementary source of water supply for their comunity at Head of the Lake. Up until the present time, the comunity has utilized a spring as their main source of water supply. Even though this source has met the basic water requirements, it does not supply a sufficient quantity of water to allow future expansion of the comunity, and also there has been some minor problems with water quality in the past.

During the present program, exploratory test drilling was conducted by drilling and driving eight-inch casing until a suitable aquifer was encountered. The testhole was then completed as a production well by installing the appropriate screens. Following development of the well, a constant rate aquifer test was carried out.

The well completion program did not proceed without its share of problems, in that the casing broke at a weld during the first attempt, and in drilling the second test well, the borehole was overexcavated and as a result the screen assembly collapsed. A successful well was completed on the third attempt. It became very clear to all concerned, that drilling and setting screens in severe heaving sand conditions, by conventional air rotary methods, can lead to problems without the use of water to maintain a hydraulic head on the formation.

The following report outlines the nature of the drilling and testing program, provides a discussion of the results and includes recommendations for the safe, long-term pumping rate and pump setting. Detailed information, including the driller's litholog and pump test data is attached to the Appendix. Background information regarding existing hydrogeological conditions is provided in Section 2 of this report .

-1- 2.1 General Hydrogeology

The site selected for the new well is approximately half way between the rodeo grounds and the church, and is situated on the north side of the main road which traverses the comunity. Topographically, the site is situated on a bench, which drops off with respect to elevation into a broad depressional area on the west side, and extends eastward towards Deep Creek.

Based on a report prepared by the Consultative Board for the Okanagan Basin Agreement, this area is underlain by a thick sequence (up to 1500 feet) of surficial sediments. Figure 1 was obtained from this report and is a schematic profile illustrating the nature of the clayey fill deposits occurring between Shuswap River at Enderby and the nortn end of .

The unconsolidated surficial deposits consist of clay, silt, gravel, sand and mixtures of these, overlying the bedrock surface. Results of a seismic survey which was carried out near the development area in 1966 by the Geological Survey of Canada (see Figure 2), indicate that the valley fill deposits consist of three units as follows:

1) Recent - silt, sand and gravel

2) Fraser Glaciation - Glaciolacustrine silt and clay with minor sand

3) Olympia Interglaciation - fine grained sand with interbedded silt and minor coarser sand and clay containing plant remains.

Near the north end of Okanagan Lake, the main aquifers occurring within these deposits consist of fine to medium grained sand in the upper part of the sequence.

-2- As indicated in Figure 1, the principle direction of groundwater flow near the north end of Okanagan Lake is from north to south. It should be noted however, that the development area is situated immediately south of the area where the O'Keefe Valley, a major aquifer (see Figure 4) joins the Armstrong Valley. this may have an influencing factor on the groundwater flow direction.

2.2 Existinrr Wells in the Vicinitv

The available well log data obtained form tile Water Investigations Branch of the Ministry of Environment, indicate that the majority of existing water wells in the vicinity are completed to depth ranging from 50 to 250 feet. Most of these wells are completed in sand deposits and have reported capacities ranging from 2 to 150 Imperial gallons per minute (Igpm) .

Of particular interest with respect to the present progam are the existing wells drilled for Lakehead Estates, and the well drilled for the Okanagan Indian Band at the housing development situated on the west side of the valley. At Lakehead Estates, the main production well is 132 feet in depth and produces a safe yield of 160 Igpm. The well drilled for the Okanagan Indian Band is completed to a depth of 188 feet and has a reported yield of 90 Igpm. Both wells are completed in fine sand deposits, with screens ranging from 10 to 25 thousandths of an inch slot opennings.

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1 SCHEMATIC OF HYDROGEOLOGICAL SECTIOPS SHOWING SURFlClAL DEPOSITS and GRCUND - WATER FLOW in the NORTH EP!D of the OKANAGAN VALLEY, Figure 1. Valley Fill Deposits. 13-3

2000 -

SL -

2a

SL

Figure 2.

Stratigraphic interpreratioc if the ;.alley fill present at seismic profiles I3 a:.? 16. ;Figs. 2i, 2b resprcti\*ely).

2b

Keference: Geological Survey of Canada Paper 72 - 8 ..

6

t: ' 51 SPALLUMCHE E N

50‘2s’

---I-EGEii!D PARI(INS0N LAKE UEOFiOCK Ct!ANNEC AOUIFER --- - INDIAN RESERVE BDY pd O’KLEFC VALLEY AOUlfER ...... DISTRICT I.!UI.IICIPAL D3U:;UARY UPPER PAR1 OF SURFICIAL DEPOSITS --FAN DEPOSITS L?J ------CROSS-SEiTl3N B wwiLL: VIEWS. [E] UPPER PAR1 OF SUIIFICIAL DEPOSll S -VALLEY CENTRE Lfl L.OWER PAR” OF SURFICIAL DEPOSITS --- AHEA BOUNDARIES, AFPROXIMATE

GEOLOGY IN SPALLUMCHEEN VALLEY I\!@ R‘1’ H 01: A N A G A N 1.. P, I

Following the selection of a production well site, the drilling program was initiated on December 17, 1987. All of the drilling operations under the present program were carried out by A & H Construction Ltd. of Abbotsford, B.C., using an air rotary drill equipped with a casing hammer. During the drilling, eight-inch diameter casing was driven into place and the nature of the subsurface materials determined by examination of cuttings returned to surface by air. Preliminary estimates of water production of individual aquifers was determined in a similar fashion, by measuring quantities of water lifted to surface by the rig's air compresser.

As previously noted in the Introduction, the program did not proceed without problems. A brief account of the major problems is as follows :

1) At the first location, after drilling to 286 feet, the casing seperated at a weld and the hole was abandoned. This was partially the result of leaving the casing at 247 feet, in heaving sand over the Christmas break, and then requiring extensive use of the hammer to advance the casing. Before moving to Site No. 2, 100 feet of casing was recovered from the testhole.

2)) After drilling through the main aquifer on the second testhole, two attempts were made to jet the screen assembly through approximately 100 feet of sand which had heaved up into the casing. Finally, by bailing out the sand and maintaining a head of water inside the casing, the screen assembly was successfully set into place. However, at this stage the borehole was over-excavated and the screen section collapsed, eventually falling out of the bottom of the casing. All of the casing was retrieved from the second testhole.

A successful well was finally completed on the third attempt. In this case, the testhole was drilled to 300 feet, the sand plug was bailed out, and the screen assembly set into place. After pulling back the casing to expose the screens, the well was developed for approximately

-4- 40 hours by jetting and lifting water with compressed air. Details of the well completion are discussed in Section 4.

In order to assess the long-term capacity of the new well, a constant rate pumping test was conducted. During the test, the well was pumped at a continuous rate of 380 USgpm (312 Igpm) for a 20 hour period. Water level drawdown was measured in the well with an electric well sounder and the discharge rate was monitored by the orifice tube method .

Near the end of the test, water samples were collected for a chemical and hydrogen-sulf ide analysis. These samples have been forwarded to Eco-tech Laboratories Ltd. of Kamloops for analyses and the results sent to Civic Engineering Services Ltd.

-5- 4 RE3lLl'S OF PROGRAM

4.1 Well Completion

During the drilling of the new well, a suitable aquifer was not encountered until the 255-foot depth interval, and continued through to 300 feet. The aquifer is comprised of fine sand with some clay stringers, which were particularily evident between 264 and 280 feet. The upper sand encountered from 100 to 132 feet at Lakehead Estates was present, but was only 10 feet thick at Head of the Lake, and therefore capable of only limited production. A copy of the driller's litholog is included in the Appendix.

The new well is completed with 8-inch casing of 0.277-inch wall thickness, set to a total depth of 257 feet. A screen assembly selected on the basis of a series of sieve analyses (see Appendix) is set between 254 and 300 feet. The assembly inludes one blank section and is comprised of the following:

Depth Interval (feet) Description

254.3 ft. Figure K packer 254.8 - 265.3 Eight-inch telecopic, 15 thousandths of an inch (#l5 slot), Johnsons stainless steel well screen 265.3 - 273.6 7-inch steel pipe blank section 273.6 - 294.6 $10 slot, Johnsons stainless steel screen 294.6 - 300.0 #12 slot, Johnsons stainless steel screen 300.0 ft. Bail bottom

Upon completion, the well was developed by jetting and lifting with air for approximately 40 hours. Details of the well completion are shown in Figure 5.

-6- I1 A

I ~ i 1 i Non-pumping water level i ! i I 1 . - - Feb. 18/88 - 37.7 ft.

I ! !I! I I i ! I ! 8-inch welded joint, 0.277-inch ! I 1 ,,,” stee1 casing

___

, 1 _____----.-- . -- - / 7-inch steel blank section

V - __ .~.__. -. - ~. t i -- 1 -- #10 slot well screen ---c / 1 -@-- I .~ ------

___ \ - ~ .-.. f12 slot well screen 4.2 Aquifer Testing

In order to evaluate the long-term capacity of the new well, a pump testing program was conducted. For this phase of the project, Lingo Pump Service of Vernon, B.C. was subcontracted, and following the installation of a submersible pump, the test was initiated at 11:OO AM on the 18th of February, 1988.

During the test, a constant rate of 380 USgpm (312 Igpm) was maintained throughout the pumping interval. Measurements of the drawdown were obtained and plotted on a semi-log graph of drawdown versus time (see Appendix). As shown on the drawdown plot, the pumping water level stabilized after 25 minutes of pumping, with no further drawdown observed. This represents steady-state conditions where there is a balance between well production and the rate of recharge to the aquifer .

After 20 hours of pumping the test was terminated, because of the stabilized conditions observed and recovery measurements taken. The water level recovered to within 2.15 metres (7.05 feet) of full recovery after 12 minutes from the cessation of pumping.

Based on the results of the test, stabilized water level conditions occurred after utilizing 72 percent of the total available drawdown, while pumping at 380 USgpm. We would recommend a safe, long-term pumping rate of 350 USgpm (287 Igpm) for the new well.

-7- 5 ~SIONSAND REnMmDATIoNs

The present program of groundwater exploration, well completion and aquifer testing, along with some difficulties has ultimately reached its objectives, and a production well, capable of meeting the projected water requirements of Head of the Lake Community has been completed. A sumnary of the main conclusions and recommendations resulting from the program are as follows:

1) The new well is constructed to a total depth of 300 feet in a fine sand formation (see driller's litholog in Appendix).

2) It is completed with 8-inch casing and a screen assembly, which is comprised of 37 feet of 8-inch telescopic screen and a blank section (see Well Completion Diagram).

3) During the constant rate pumping test, stabilized water level conditions occurred with 72 percent of the available drawdown utilized while pumping at 380 USgpm (312 Igp). Drawdown curve is in Appendix.

4) Based on the results of pumping test we sould recommed a safe, long-term pumping rate of 350 USgp (287 Igp).

5) It is recommended that the pump be installed at a depth of between 230 and 240 feet below surface.

-8- 6) For purposes of pump design specifications, the projected drawdown in the well at varying pumping rates is provided as follows:

Pumping rate (USgpm) Projected Drawdown

100 75 feet 200 111 feet 250 131 feet 300 155 feet 350 175 feet

7) It is recornended that following the installation of pumping equipment, the discharge rate be monitored and periodic water level measurements taken, to determine the performance of the well with time.

8) It is also recommended that other than a pumphouse, no other new buildings, or sewage effluent disposal system be constructed within a 100-foot radius of the new well.

-9-

OKANAGAN INDIAN BAND HEADOF'IHETAKE(XM4WEY WMPING TEST

Date test started: Feb. 18/88 Reference point: Top of csg. Time test started: 11:OO AM Ht. of ref.: 1.0 metres Pre-test water level: 11.50 m Depth of well: 91.4 metres

PUMPING INTERVAL

Time (t) since Depth to Drawdown pumping started water in in minutes (metres ) metres Comen t s

1 39.50 28.00 Pump rate: 380 USgpm 2 44.18 32.68 Discharge water containing high percent oxygen 3 47.70 36.20 4 48.62 37.12 6 49.24 37.74 8 49.68 38.18 10 49.90 38.40 13 52.80 41.30 16 56.27 44.77 20 56.26 44.76 25 56.30 44.80 32 56.30 44.80 Pump rate: 380 USgp 40 56.30 44.80 50 56.29 44.79 64 56.29 44.79 80 56.29 44.79 No further oxygen in water 100 56.29 44.79 120 56.29 44.79 150 56.29 44.79 190 56.29 44.79 240 56.29 44.79 300 56.29 44.79 380 56.29 44.79 Pump rate: 380 USgpm Head Of The Lake, Pumping Test, Continued

PUMPING INTERVAL

Time ( t) since Depth to Drawdown pumping started water in in minutes (metres ) metres Corrunen t s

480 56.29 44.79 Pump rate: 380 USgpn 600 56.29 44.79 780 56.29 44.79 960 56.29 44.79 Water Samples 1200 56.29 44.79 Pump rate: 380 USgp

RECOVERY INTERVAL 1 16.23 2 14.80 3 14.21 4 14.07 6 14.00 8 13.78 9 13.71 10 13.70 12 13.65 2.15 2 4 68 2 4 68 2 4 68 2 --I--

. . . . ,.~ - .

.. . !

. . . i, ..(

/O Depth interval in feet Lithologic Description

0-3 Sandy loam topsoil 3 - 15 Loamy fine sand 15 - 26 Sandy gravel 26 - 33 Clay, brown 33 - 38 Loamy silt 38 - 61 Clay to silty clay, grey-brown 61 - 100 Silty clay with silt layers, grey-brown 100 - 135 Silt to fine silty sand, some mica 135 - 155 Fine sand with mica, producing 20 gp 155 - 188 Fine silty sand with layers of silty clay 188 - 229 Fine silty sand with mica 229 - 240 Silty clay and silt 240 - 255 Fine silty sand 255 - 265 Grey sand, water bearing (#15 slot) 265 - 285 Grey sand, finer with clay stringers 285 - 300 Grey sand, slightly coarser than above "Specializing in Water Wells, Soii Sarnpiing. Espioration" 1681 SALTON RD, ? o. sox ;a. ABBOTSFORD. 3.13 V2S 4N7 INVOICE No. 1233

TO ...... OkanaDan...... s..... Indian...... 3and ?...... Eead of the Lake Community, .. LOG OF WELL -@x@xxPaxx2~~,

- ...... Vernon 3.C ...... Sand ADDRESS 1 ......

ac WELL DRILLED AT .8.!?ad...?f...the.&ak.e. .r,o.~unit.~~,...Ve.~no.n 9. .3~..c Gravek WELL COMPLETED.F~~.~.L~~~Y~,..14/8 .. INVOICE DATE Febr.U.a~~.,.1...1$$8 0 22' ~ e..... I I .. __ - - ___- _____ Feet of Drilling at__._ ____ .______per Foot ...... 'layi -390-__ ___ Feet of Drilling & Casing at$3_3?29 per Foot ..91. 9r)9 --... ?. 13r-J 55' ...... Feet of ______Casingat ...... per Fool ......

1 silty1 ...... Feet of ..... -_Casing at ...... per Foot ......

~ - -.. Feet of. __ Casing at __ - - - _-__ - per Foot - - - - __ _-. I __ 1 8 ll Clay I .--+q- _____-_ Drive Shoes at ______each __--______-166 99 I -35..1 81' ...... ~eetof ...... screen3 $135. G3 ?er ft4-,'?2-5.3.9 169'

Fine Silty, 5ar.d 255'

I I Sand 265 1 i Fine I , Sand $18,727.329 399 ' TOTAL lNVOlCE PRICE '

INVOICE

- Account due on 3resexaticn 2f :his invoice. -

2-:1 cer ,Vonth (18"; 2er 4nncm'. ;n :/I 3ccoun:s qverdue 30 davr. - - SLOT OPENING I .265 I I I I

100 100

90 90

80 80

70 70

60 60

50 50

40 40

30 30

20 20 0 10 10

0 0 ------SLOT OPENING AND GRAIN SIZE -IN THOUSANDTHS OF AN INCH =€H+fWA ..

DEPTH : 275 '

30 100 100

90 90

80 80

W 70 70 -z a 60 60 a b E 50 50 0

K W 40 40 a W 2 30 I- 30 U 3 20 20 3 0 10 10

0 - -5- -'0 - ?* - SLOT OPENING AND GRAIN SIZE -IN THOUSANDTHS OF AN INCH 3R=#M . ..

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,--J ,--J i 1 .? - / 5 1.5- a6 JL - 33 33 - 3 c? L OKANAGAN

SITE #8, COMP. 20, R.R. 7 / VERNON, B.C. V1T 723 / PHONE 542-4328

17th November 1987

Our File: CP1-3-018 Mr. Larry C. Topp, Kala Groundwater Consulting Ltd., 3103 - 28th Street, Vernon, B.C. V1T 427

Dear Mr. Topp,

Re: Project No. 13018 - Head Of The Lake Water System Upgrading

Reference is made to your proposal dated November 12th, 1987 to provide the Band with Hydrogeologist Consulting Services related to the development of a groundwater supply at Head Of The Lake.

Enclosed for your review are two copies of a contract between your firm and our Band. If they are acceptable, could you please sign them and return both copies to our office for signature by Band Council.

If you have any questions in this regard, please give me a call.

Yours truly,

CAN-INDIAN BAND -1j

Band Maqager \ LB: js

Encl. . b

332 VICTORIA STREET KAMLOOPS. B.C. V2C 2A5 TEL: 374-2200

OKANAGAN INDIAN BAND HEAD OF THE LAKE WATER SYSTEM

Date: 18 November, 1987

Place: Band Office

Present: Lyle Brewer Okanagan Indian Band Larry Topp Kala Groundwater Consulting Dale Karst Civic Engineering Services

------BUS I NESS 1. L. Top~reviewed the drillers tenders from 5 firms. The best two firms were Capri of and A 8 H of Abbotsford.

2. L. Topp to check Capri’s equipment and capability relating to the anticipated hearing sand problem. If they appear capable, Capri will be hired. If there is any doubts, then A 8 H will be hired. A & H would commit to be complete by 20 December.

3. L. Topp to confirm the driller by Friday, and commence work as soon as the contractor is available.

4. A well site was selected between the church and the rodeo grounds.

5. D. Karst will be on holiday from November 23 to 27, and Neil Ramsay will be available if any problems arise.

6. L. Brewer and D. Karst located the bench marks at Reservoir Site No. 2 and No. 3. The traverse hubs (layout control points) were not found at the proposed Site No. 3.

...... Pk- D. Karst, P. Enq.

cc All present

Mr. J. Hutchins VULAGRbUNDWATER CONSULTING LTD. No. 208, 3407 - 39th Avenue - Vernon, B.C. - V7 T 3E3 Telephone (604)545-1 720 September 29th, 1987 David Nairne & Associates Swt 530 - 171 West Esplanade North Vancouver, B.C. V7M 1Al Attention: Mr. Fred Dabiri, P. Eng. Dear Sirs: Reference: Okanagan Indian Band - Domestic Water Program - Proposal To Develop A Groundwater Supply At Head Of The Lake Community

Further to our recent telephone conversation, the following is to provide our proposed work program and an estimate of costs, to develop a supplementary source of groundwater supply for the Okanagan Indian Band at their Head Of The Lake community. It is our present understanding that: a) The community presently utilizes a spring as their main source of water supply. b) There is a drilled well located within the community, which produces between 20 and 30 gp. The well is used to some extent, but there is some problems with respect to water quality. c) The Band is considering the completion of a new well with a design capacity of approximately 100 Igpm, and which will be used as supplementary source of water supply.

Our Firm has carried out groundwater development programs in recent years for Lakehead Estates and the O'Keefe Ranch. Based on this past experience, we would propose a four phase study program outlined as follows :

Cont'd. ./2 . 4 David Nairne SC Associates .I Att: Nr. F. Dabiri, P. Eng. Re: Okanagan Indian Band - Groundwater Dev. - Head of the Lake Date: Sept. 29/87 Page: Two

1) Preliminary Investigation

- Review available information, including driller's reports of existing wells, hydrogeological reports for the area, air photos and a topographic map, to select drilling site alternatives. - Obtain verbal quotations from drilling contractors and recommend drilling firm. - Meet with project management to present recommendations and initiate drilling program.

2) Drilling Program

- Supervise drilling of a test/production well and conduct sieve analyses for the selection of a well screen.

3) Aquifer Testing

- arrange for testing contractor, supervise a 24-hour pumping test and obtain water samples for chemical and bacteriological analysis.

4) Report Preparation

- Evaluate results and prepare covering report outlining results of program and including recommendations for long-term pumping rate and pump setting.

Studv Budget

A brief breakdown of estimated costs for consulting services is as follows (this is based on a charge-out rate of $50.00/hour):

Cont'd. ./3 7 6 * David Nairne & Associates C. Att: Nr. F. Dabiri, P. Ens. Re: Okanagan Indian Band - Groundwater Dev. Program - Head of the Lakes Date: Sept. 29/87 Page: Three

Preliminary Investigation: 14 hours ...... $ 700.00 Drilling Program: 20 hours ...... $1000.00 Aquifer Testing: 16 hours ...... $ 800.00 Report Preparation: 8 hours ...... $ 400.00 Disbursements: ...... $ 250.00

Total Estimated (Consulting): $3150.00

Existing wells in the general vicinity range in depth from between 50 to 250 feet. Allowing for the greater depth range we would recommend that the Band allow a drilling budget of $11,000.00 for a six-inch well, and if they wish an eight-inch well, allow $15,000.00.

Corporate Experience

Our Firm has worked extensively on groundwater development projects for INAC and individual Indian Bands throughout the Interior of B.C. A resume outlining personal and corporate experience is attached.

We trust this proposal provides you with the information required for your evaluation of the work program and estimate of costs. If you require any additional information please feel free to contact our off ice.

Yours very truly, KALA ~GROUNDWATERCONSULTING LTD .

L.C. Top Hydrogeo Pogist LcT/c t Encl : 100 100

90 90

80 80 n w 70 70 z U c W 60 60 a c 2 w 50 50 0 a u 40 40 R

W -> c 30 30 U J 3 I 20 20 3 0

10 10

0 0

SLOT OPENING AND GRAIN SIZE - IN THOUSANDTHS OF AN INCH =W+#-M e e