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Development and Application of Optimal Design Capability for Coal Gasification Systems
DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF OPTIMAL DESIGN CAPABILITY FOR COAL GASIFICATION SYSTEMS Technical Documentation: Oxygen-based Combustion Systems (Oxyfuels) with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Final Report of Work Performed Under Contract No.: DE-AC21-92MC29094 Reporting Period Start, October 2003 Reporting Period End, May 2007 Report Submitted, May 2007 to U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory 626 Cochrans Mill Road, P.O. Box 10940 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236-0940 by Edward S. Rubin (P.I.) Anand B. Rao Michael B. Berkenpas Carnegie Mellon University Center for Energy and Environmental Studies Department of Engineering and Public Policy Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890 Contents Objective 1 Literature Review 2 Process Overview ......................................................................................................................2 History .......................................................................................................................................4 Advantages ................................................................................................................................5 Issues and Challenges................................................................................................................6 Performance Model 8 Model Configurations................................................................................................................8 Default Configuration................................................................................................................9 -
Use Feedwater Economizers for Waste Heat Recovery, Energy Tips
ADVANCED MANUFACTURING PROGRAM Energy Tips: STEAM Steam Tip Sheet #3 Use Feedwater Economizers for Waste Heat Recovery Suggested Actions ■■ Determine the stack temperature A feedwater economizer reduces steam boiler fuel requirements by transferring after the boiler has been tuned heat from the flue gas to incoming feedwater. Boiler flue gases are often to manufacturer’s specifications. rejected to the stack at temperatures more than 100°F to 150°F higher than The boiler should be operating the temperature of the generated steam. Generally, boiler efficiency can at close-to-optimum excess be increased by 1% for every 40°F reduction in flue gas temperature. By air levels with all heat transfer recovering waste heat, an economizer can often reduce fuel requirements by 5% surfaces clean. to 10% and pay for itself in less than 2 years. The table provides examples of ■■ Determine the minimum the potential for heat recovery. temperature to which stack gases Recoverable Heat from Boiler Flue Gases can be cooled subject to criteria such as dew point, cold-end Recoverable Heat, MMBtu/hr corrosion, and economic heat Initial Stack Gas transfer surface. (See Exhaust Temperature, °F Boiler Thermal Output, MMBtu/hr Gas Temperature Limits.) 25 50 100 200 ■■ Study the cost-effectiveness of installing a feedwater economizer 400 1.3 2.6 5.3 10.6 or air preheater in your boiler. 500 2.3 4.6 9.2 18.4 600 3.3 6.5 13.0 26.1 Based on natural gas fuel, 15% excess air, and a final stack temperature of 250˚F. Example An 80% efficient boiler generates 45,000 pounds per hour (lb/hr) of 150-pounds-per-square-inch-gauge (psig) steam by burning natural gas. -
Impact of Fuel Variability and Operating Parameters on Biomass Boiler Performance
Impact of Fuel Variability and Operating Parameters on Biomass Boiler Performance by Nazanin Abbas Nejad Orang A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy Chemical Engineering and Applied Science University of Toronto © Copyright by Nazanin Abbas Nejad Orang 2019 Impact of Fuel Variability and Operating Parameters on Biomass Boiler Performance Nazanin Abbas Nejad Orang Doctor of Philosophy Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto 2019 Abstract Biomass boilers provide up to one-third of the energy requirement in pulp and paper mills by burning hog fuel, which is a mixture of wood-waste available at the mill site. The quality of this fuel varies significantly depending on its source and storage conditions. This fuel variability often causes biomass boiler operation to be unstable and unpredictable. This study consists of two parts: the first part investigates the impact of fuel variability on combustion and develops means for mitigating these impacts to achieve stable boiler operation. The second part identifies the most influential parameter in boiler operation using multivariate analysis, and develops a predictive statistical model for optimization of biomass boiler thermal performance. In the first part, wood species are differentiated by their initial particle density. For all wood species examined, particle density decreases throughout the combustion process but at different rates depending on the combustion stage. During the devolatilization stage, the density decreases significantly as a result of rapid mass loss. This sharp decrease causes particles to be light enough to be entrained and/or be lifted off from the grate by the flue gas. -
Best Practices in Multifamily Housing Upgrades
Tackle Energy Efficiency and Indoor Air Quality Together: Best Practices in Multifamily Housing Upgrades Provided by the U.S. EPA in collaboration with U.S. HUD October 2017 PRESENTERS Julia Brooke Hustwit Multifamily Sector Lead, Better Buildings Challenge U.S. HUD Thomas Bowles Residential IAQ Expert EPA Indoor Environments Division William Weber Senior Research Fellow Center for Sustainable Building Research Univ. of Minnesota Rosemary Olsen Executive Director Village of Hempstead Housing Authority, NY AGENDA . Introduction (EPA/HUD) . Why integrate indoor environmental quality measures into ongoing property management, preventative maintenance, building upgrades, and new construction? . How to use the EPA’s Energy Savings Plus Health Guide for Multifamily Building Upgrades . Benefits of holistic approach to energy efficiency and indoor air quality . Mankato and Hempstead case studies . Q&A Session LEARNING OBJECTIVES Webinar Participants will learn how to: . Get started implementing guidance from Energy Savings Plus Health: Multifamily Building Upgrades to integrate IAQ protections into multifamily energy efficiency retrofits and other building upgrade projects . Create a custom verification checklist using the Multifamily Checklist Generator . Apply best practices modeled by case studies from the Mankato Housing Authority and the Hempstead Housing Authority Pilot studies. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING & URBAN DEVELOPMENT Multifamily Buildings2_Title Slide Sector 115 Multifamily Sector Partners 750,000 Housing Units 600 Million Square -
QUIZ: Boiler System Components
9707 Key West Avenue, Suite 100 Rockville, MD 20850 Phone: 301-740-1421 Fax: 301-990-9771 E-Mail: [email protected] Part of the recertification process is to obtain Continuing Education Units (CEUs). One way to do that is to review a technical article and complete a short quiz. Scoring an 80% or better will grant you 0.5 CEUs. You need 25 CEUs over a 5-year period to be recertified. The quiz and article are posted below. Completed tests can be faxed (301-990-9771) or mailed (9707 Key West Avenue, Suite 100, Rockville, MD 20850) to AWT. Quizzes will be scored within 2 weeks of their receipt and you will be notified of the results. Name: ______________________________________________ Company: ___________________________________________ Address: ____________________________________________ City: ______________________ State: _____ Zip: ________ Phone: ______________________ Fax: __________________ E-mail: _____________________________________________ Boiler Systems – Boiler Components By Irvin J. Cotton, Arthur Freedman Associates, Inc. and Orin Hollander, Holland Technologies, Inc. This is part two of a three-part series on boilers. In part one, the authors discussed boiler design and classification. Part two will discuss boiler components, and part three will describe the various chemistries used in boiler water treatment. Boiler Components The main components in a boiler system are the boiler feedwater heaters, deaerator, boiler, feed pump, economizer, boiler, superheater, attemperator, steam system, condenser and the condensate pump. In addition there are sets of controls to monitor water and steam flow, fuel flow, airflow and chemical treatment additions. Water sample points may exist at a number of places. Most typically the condensate, deaerator outlet, feedwater (often the economizer inlet), boiler, saturated steam and superheated steam will have sample points. -
RW Series Steam & Water Boilers
Form No. 6310 (09/03) Bryan “Flexible Water Tube” RW Series Steam & Water Boilers 8,500,000 to 21,000,000 BTUH Forced draft gas, oil or dual fuel fired Steam Boiler RW1050-S150-FDG Water Boiler RW2100-W-FDGO Originators of the “Flexible Water Tube” design A breakthrough in an industrial water tube boiler design. • True “flexible water tube” design F guaranteed shock free M • High quality steam for heat or C process J • Full five sq ft of heating surface K (2) D per BHP B E Quality construction features: G H A. Water side or steam side interior accessible for cleanout L and inspection, front and rear openings, upper and lower drums. I B. Large volume water leg downcomers promote rapid internal circulation, temperature equalization and efficient A heat transfer. C. Boiler tube and furnace area access panels: heavy gauge steel casing with 2" high-temperature ceramic fiber insula- tion, bolted and tightly sealed to boiler frame. D. Flame observation port in access door at rear of boiler. ensure exceptionally cool outer E. Dual side access; combustion chamber, tubes and burner surface. head are completely accessible from either side simplifying K. Bryan bent water tubes are maintenance and minimizing floor space. flexible, individually replaceable F. Minimum sized flue vent. without welding or rolling. Never more than two tube configura- G. Control panel: all controls installed with connections to tions. terminal strip. L. Pressurized design firebox H. Forced draft, flame retention head type burner. Efficient with internal water-cooled fur- combustion of oil or gas, plus quiet operation. -
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY Operated By
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY operated by UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION UNION CARBIDE NUCLEAR DIVISION for the I U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION ORNL- TM- 2080 12 DESIGN OF BOILER-SUPERHEATER UNITS FOR REPRESENTATIVE CESIUM AND POTASSIUM SPACE POWER PLANTS T. T. Robin NOTICE This document contains information of a preliminary nature and was prepared primarily for internal use at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. It is subject to revision or correction and therefore does not represent a final report. LEGAL NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of Government sponsored work. Neither the United States, nor the Commission, nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission: A. Makes any warranty or representation, expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained in this report, or that the use of any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report may not infringe privately owned rights; or B. Assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report. As used in the above, "person acting on behalf of the Commission" includes any employee or contractor of the Commission, or employee of such contractor, to the extent that such employee or contractor of the Commission, or employee of such contractor prepares, disseminates, or provides access to, any information pursuant to his employment or contract with the Commission, or his employment with such contractor. ORNL-TM-2080 Contract No. W-7405-eng-26 Reactor Division DESIGN OF BOILER-SUPERHEATER UNITS FOR REPRESENTATIVE CESIUM AND POTASSIUM SPACE POWER PLANTS T. -
Performance Analysis of Air Preheater in 210Mw Thermal Power Station
Manivel .J, Manimaran .L, Thiyagarajan .M, Satheeshkumar .P; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology. ISSN: 2454-132X Impact factor: 4.295 (Volume3, Issue2) Performance Analysis of Air Preheater in 210mw Thermal Power Station J. Manivel1 L. Manimaran2 M. Thiyagarajan3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SNS College of Engineering, SNS College of Engineering, SNS College of Engineering, Coimbatore, TN, India Coimbatore, TN, India Coimbatore, TN, India P. Satheeshkumar4 Thiruppathi .R5 Department of Mechanical Engineering, SNS College of Department of Mechanical Engineering, SNS College of Engineering, Coimbatore, TN, India Engineering, Coimbatore, TN, India s Abstract: The efficiency of boiler in thermal power station is greatly depending on the utilization of waste heat in the flue gas by air pre heater and economizer. The increasing in efficiency of boiler can be achieved by increasing the performance of air pre heater and economizer. Enhancing heat transfer rate by changing profile of air pre heater will lead to increasing in performance of the air pre heater and economizer. The changing profile and increasing heat transfer area will increase the heat transfer rate. In 210MW Mettur thermal power station, notched flat profile is used as heat transfer area in air pre heater segment. In order to improve heat transfer rate, notched flat profile are replaced by double undulated profile and single seal are replaced by double seal. Hence heat loss in the air pre heater is minimized. The performance of economizer is enhanced by increasing the diameter of the coils. Hence the economizer and air pre heater absorbs additional heat from exhaust flue gas. -
1. Hand Tools 3. Related Tools 4. Chisels 5. Hammer 6. Saw Terminology 7. Pliers Introduction
1 1. Hand Tools 2. Types 2.1 Hand tools 2.2 Hammer Drill 2.3 Rotary hammer drill 2.4 Cordless drills 2.5 Drill press 2.6 Geared head drill 2.7 Radial arm drill 2.8 Mill drill 3. Related tools 4. Chisels 4.1. Types 4.1.1 Woodworking chisels 4.1.1.1 Lathe tools 4.2 Metalworking chisels 4.2.1 Cold chisel 4.2.2 Hardy chisel 4.3 Stone chisels 4.4 Masonry chisels 4.4.1 Joint chisel 5. Hammer 5.1 Basic design and variations 5.2 The physics of hammering 5.2.1 Hammer as a force amplifier 5.2.2 Effect of the head's mass 5.2.3 Effect of the handle 5.3 War hammers 5.4 Symbolic hammers 6. Saw terminology 6.1 Types of saws 6.1.1 Hand saws 6.1.2. Back saws 6.1.3 Mechanically powered saws 6.1.4. Circular blade saws 6.1.5. Reciprocating blade saws 6.1.6..Continuous band 6.2. Types of saw blades and the cuts they make 6.3. Materials used for saws 7. Pliers Introduction 7.1. Design 7.2.Common types 7.2.1 Gripping pliers (used to improve grip) 7.2 2.Cutting pliers (used to sever or pinch off) 2 7.2.3 Crimping pliers 7.2.4 Rotational pliers 8. Common wrenches / spanners 8.1 Other general wrenches / spanners 8.2. Spe cialized wrenches / spanners 8.3. Spanners in popular culture 9. Hacksaw, surface plate, surface gauge, , vee-block, files 10. -
Designing and Maintaining Steam Coil Air Preheaters for Reliability And
PLANT AUXILIARY SYSTEMS Designing and maintaining steam coil air preheaters for reliability and effectiveness If engineered well and drained properly, a simple finned-tube heat exchanger can help maximize a fossil-fueled power plant’s combustion efficiency, capacity, and air pollution reduction. Use the guidelines in this article ei- ther to return a disabled steam coil air preheater to service or to improve the performance of a unit that may have been wasting steam and money for years. By James R. Smith, Armstrong Heat Transfer Group team coil air preheaters (SCAPs) are sitions and the duct connection to the inlet there (Figure 4). Clogging and reduced per- found in most fossil-fueled utility and (cold end) of an RRAH. As opposed to being formance will be the undesirable outcome. Slarge industrial power plants in North bolted in place by duct flanges (Figure 2), Often (but unintentionally), the SCAP’s coils America. Their primary function is to heat units used in such a configuration are usu- serve as a convenient platform for mainte- combustion air before it enters a rotary re- ally drawer-mounted, for easier access and nance workers tasked with cleaning and in- generative air heater (POWER, April 2006, p. removal (Figure 3). specting the RRAH. 72) or a traditional tubular air heater. Wheth- Placing a SCAP ahead of the cold end Another undesirable consequence of er a rotary regenerative air heater (RRAH) (inlet side) of a RRAH, however, can invite placing a poorly constructed, specified, or or a traditional tubular heater is downstream, maintenance problems and shorten unit life. -
Evaluation of Dry Fly-Ash Particles Causing Difficult Deposits for Acoustic Soot Blowing of Boilers
UPTEC Q16 025 Examensarbete 30 hp December 2016 Evaluation of dry fly-ash particles causing difficult deposits for acoustic soot blowing of boilers Arvid Bo Cedervall Abstract Evaluation of dry fly-ash particles causing difficult deposits for acoustic soot blowing of boilers Arvid Bo Cedervall Teknisk- naturvetenskaplig fakultet UTH-enheten This thesis compares ash collected from different boilers cleaned using infrasound cleaning. The samples were evaluated from their physical properties, in an attempt to Besöksadress: find connections between the difficulty to remove ash and its physical appearance. To Ångströmlaboratoriet Lägerhyddsvägen 1 get a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind adhesion and fouling, and Hus 4, Plan 0 possibly explain results from the study of the ash samples, a literature review was carried out. The ash was also evaluated to see if any connections could be drawn Postadress: between the physical properties of the ash and its fouling capabilities. A strong Box 536 751 21 Uppsala connection was found between ash density and its fouling capabilities. It was found that no dry ash with a density higher than 0.4 g/ml were difficult to remove with Telefon: infrasound cleaning, and no ash with lower density was easy to remove. The ash 018 – 471 30 03 density was calculated from a measurement of the weight of a certain volume of ash Telefax: on a scale. Optical microscopy was used to study the ash samples, and gave an 018 – 471 30 00 estimation of particle size, shape, and porosity. However, no clear connection could be observed with this method between the different samples and which were difficult Hemsida: to remove. -
Nuclear Reactor Realities
Page 1 of 26 Nuclear Reactor Realities NUCLEAR REACTOR REALITIES (An Australian viewpoint) PREFACE Now that steam ships are no longer common, people tend to forget that nuclear power is just a replacement of coal, oil or gas for heating water to form steam to drive turbines, or of water (hydro) to do so directly. As will be shown in this tract, it is by far the safest way of doing so to generate electricity economically in large quantities – as a marine engineer of my acquaintance is fond of saying. Recently Quantum Market Research released its latest Australian Scan (The Advertiser, Saturday April 17, 2012, p 17). It has been tracking social change by interviewing 2000 Australians annually since 1992. In the concerns in the environment category, “[a]t the top of the list is nuclear accidents and waste disposal” (44.4 per cent), while “global warming” was well down the list of priorities at No 15, with only 27.7 per cent of people surveyed rating the issue as “extremely serious.” Part of the cause of such information must be that people are slowly realising that they have been deluded by publicity about unverified computer models which indicate that man’s emissions of CO2 play a major part in global warming. They have not yet realised that the history of the dangers of civilian nuclear power generation shows the reverse of their images. The topic of nuclear waste disposal is also shrouded in reactor physics mysteries, leading to a mis-placed general fear of the unknown. In this article only nuclear reactors are considered.