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Monastic Missional Pilgrim Communities in Liquid Modern Spain Garrick C Digital Commons @ George Fox University Doctor of Ministry Theses and Dissertations 3-1-2015 Monastic Missional Pilgrim Communities in Liquid Modern Spain Garrick C. Roegner George Fox University, [email protected] This research is a product of the Doctor of Ministry (DMin) program at George Fox University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Roegner, Garrick C., "Monastic Missional Pilgrim Communities in Liquid Modern Spain" (2015). Doctor of Ministry. Paper 96. http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/dmin/96 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctor of Ministry by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GEORGE FOX UNIVERSITY MONASTIC MISSIONAL PILGRIM COMMUNITIES IN LIQUID MODERN SPAIN A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GEORGE FOX EVANGELICAL SEMINARY IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF MINISTRY BY GARRICK C. ROEGNER PORTLAND, OREGON MARCH 2015 George Fox Evangelical Seminary George Fox University Portland, Oregon CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL ________________________________ DMin Dissertation ________________________________ This is to certify that the DMin Dissertation of Garrick C. Roegner has been approved by the Dissertation Committee on March 3, 2015 for the degree of Doctor of Ministry in Leadership and Global Perspectives. Dissertation Committee: Primary Advisor: Peter Aschoff, PhD Secondary Advisor: Shane Sebastian, DMin Lead Mentor: Jason Clark, DMin Copyright © 2015 by Garrick Roegner All rights reserved. ii For Dziu, light of my life. “Baby, baby baby, light my way.” iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………..…………………………………….…....ix ABSTRACT……………………………….…………………………………………….xi INTRODUCTION…….……………………………………………………………..……1 Story………….………………………………………………………………..…..1 Problem……………………………………………………………………………2 Catholic Spain?........................................................................................................3 Shifts in Social Imaginaries………………………………….……………………5 Postmodernism………………………………………….…………………7 Post-Christian and Post-Christendom……………………………………10 Globalization……………………………………………………………..13 Liquid Modernity………………………………………………………………...16 Liquid Modern Spain…………………………………………………………….20 The Rise of Liquid Modern Spain……………………………………………….24 Revisiting Catholic Spain………………………………………………………..28 The Spanish Character…………………………………………………………...29 Characteristics of Liquid Modern Spain…………………………………………31 Towards a Solution………………………………………………………………33 CHAPTER ONE: MISSIONAL COMMUNITY………………………………………..35 Introduction……………………………………………………………………....35 Christendom and Mission: A Crisis……………………………………………...35 Christendom: A Missionary Critique…………………………………………….38 A Correction: Movements………………………………………………………..42 iv Liquid Post-Christendom: Decentering and Liminality………………………….46 The Rise of Missional Theology…………………………………………………48 Missio Dei………………………………………………………………..52 Incarnation……………………………………………………………….53 Missional Communities and the Church……………….…………….…………..55 Community as the Base Structure for Mission………………….……………….57 Missional Communities………………………………………………………….61 Missional Communities in Liquid Modern Spain………………………………..62 CHAPTER TWO: THE MISSIONAL HOPE AND POSSIBILITY OF MONASTICISM……...………….66 Introduction……………………………………...……………………………….66 Why Monasticism?.................................................................................................67 Defining Monasticism……………………………………………………………71 Celtic Monasticism: Incarnational-Communal Missional Movement…………...74 Context…………………………………………………………………...74 A Warning………………………………………………………………..76 The Celtic Way…………………………………………………………..77 Community………………………………………………………………80 Incarnational……………………………………………………………..83 Discalced Carmelites: Contemplative Movement……………………………….85 Context…………………………………………………………………...85 The Carmelite Way………………………………………………………87 v Contemplative Community………………………………………………88 Contemplative Prayer and Carmelite Spirituality………………………..90 Monastic Missional Communities……………………………………………….91 Missional Intersections…………………………………………………..91 New Monasticism………………………………………………………..94 Contemplative Missional Spirituality and Liquid Consumerism………………..97 Conclusion: Contemplative Monastic Missional Communities………………..101 CHAPTER THREE: PILGRIMAGE AS CONTEMPLATIVE AND MISSIONAL SPIRITUAL FORMATION…………………………………………………………………………..105 Introduction: Why Pilgrimage?............................................................................105 Pilgrimage………………………………………………………………………111 Origins of Christian Pilgrimage………………………………………………...116 Reforming Pilgrimage: Towards Christian Practice……………………………120 Re-appropriating Pilgrimage……………………………………………121 Community……………………………………………………………..123 Mission in Liquid Modern Pilgrimage………………………………….124 What About Saints and Relics?................................................................128 Walking Metaphor for Spiritual Formation: Outer Action with Inner Meaning………………………………………………128 Recovering Christian Pilgrimage……………………………………………….131 Monastic Missional Pilgrimages on Pilgrimage………………………………..133 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………..….137 vi CHAPTER FOUR: PILGRIM IDENTITY IN LIQUID MODERN SPAIN………………………………...139 Introduction……………………...……………………………………………...139 1 Peter…………………………………………………………………………..141 The Pilgrim Community………………………………………………………..143 Pilgrimage and Mission………………………………………………………...147 Pilgrims in Liquid Modernity…………………………………………………..153 Tourist and Vagabond: Search for Meaning, Place, and Identity………153 Pilgrims with the Tourist and Vagabond……...………………………..155 Christian Identity……………………………………………………….157 Together Through the Liminal………………………………………….159 Collapse of Community………………………………………………...160 A Pilgrim People in Community and Mission: Hope, Identity, and Communitas………………………………………………..162 CONCLUSION: TOWARDS MONASTIC MISSIONAL PILGRIM COMMUNITIES IN PRACTICE………………………………………………………165 Summary………………………………………………………………………..165 Monastic Missional Pilgrim Communities in Spain……………………………167 Missional Communitas…………………………………………………167 Monastic Pilgrim Mysticism……………………………………………169 Pilgrim Principle………………………………………………………..171 In Practice………………………………………………………………………172 vii Missional Community…………………………………………………..173 Monastic………………………………………………………………...174 Pilgrimage………………………………………………………………175 Rule of Life……………………………………………………………..176 Evangelism………………………………………………………….…..177 Conclusion: Towards Missional Movements……………………………….…..178 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………………181 viii Acknowledgements I would like to thank the three most important people in my life, my three children, who were patient and understanding when they had to miss time with me because of this endeavor. Thanks to Evelyn for walking the Camino with me, and sharing its joys and hardships, I will never forget it. Thanks to Mathis for always bringing laughter and comic relief at the right moment. And thanks to Violet, who wasn’t even born when this whole thing started, for being a constant source of joy. A special thanks to Dad and Mom for supporting and encouraging me throughout this process. I love you all. I still think the most fearful words a doctoral student can hear are: “German doctoral advisor.” However, Dr. Peter Aschoff has been a constant source of encouragement, kindness, grace, wisdom, and above all a fellow pilgrim. His wisdom and insightful perspective are packed throughout this dissertation. Thanks to my second reader Dr. Shane Sebastian, a co-worker, and the guy who encouraged me to attempt a D.Min. A very big thank you to everyone in the George Fox Leadership and Global Perspectives department for making the whole program more of a family than a program: Loren Kerns, Cliff Berger, and Heather Rainey. Also, Andy Campbell for the help in the early days, and Luke Mazziotti and Dave Merwin, it is good knowing you guys are out there somewhere doing what you do. I am thankful to my fellow pilgrims in the LGP3 cohort, the Best Cohort Ever. Chris, Rick (even though he is a cyborg), Cedrick, Mark, Sam, Becky, Sharenda, Phil, Fred, Sandy, David, I will greatly miss our times together. I have learned so much from ix each of you. A huge thanks to Dr. Jason Clark for his guidance, love, example, and encouragement over the last three years. We definitely created communitas. Thanks to Marc and Eva for getting me interested in pilgrimage in the first place, and helping us see the possibility of mission in Spain. My good friend Sam Perez with whom I spent many years talking about these themes, and also for his help in translating some Spanish text. There are other fellow pilgrims who have their fingerprints on this effort from my great friends in Agape España. Also, thanks to my fellow Cazafantasmas, Nacho and Samu, for their friendship, encouragement, understanding, and general buen rollo through this time. x ABSTRACT This dissertation answers the question of how to start spiritual movements amongst young adults and university students in Spain. It begins by examining the current cultural context of present day Spain, exploring why Christianity is in decline. In the Introduction it argues for understanding Spain as being characteristic of Bauman’s liquid modernity. Here the dissertation adopts Bauman’s typologies of liquid modern society being populated by tourists and vagabonds, constantly on the move, but without destination. Chapter One discusses the need for community as the base structure for mission and the importance
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