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Roman Entertainment
Roman Entertainment The Emergence of Permanent Entertainment Buildings and its use as Propaganda David van Alten (3374912) [email protected] Bachelor thesis (Research seminar III ‘Urbs Roma’) 13-04-2012 Supervisor: Dr. S.L.M. Stevens Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3 1: The development of permanent entertainment buildings in Rome ...................................... 9 1.1 Ludi circenses and the circus ............................................................................................ 9 1.2 Ludi scaenici and the theatre ......................................................................................... 11 1.3 Munus gladiatorum and the amphitheatre ................................................................... 16 1.4 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 19 2: The uncompleted permanent theatres in Rome during the second century BC ................. 22 2.0 Context ........................................................................................................................... 22 2.1 First attempts in the second century BC ........................................................................ 22 2.2 Resistance to permanent theatres ................................................................................ 24 2.3 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... -
Cultural History of the Lunar and Solar Eclipse in the Early Roman Empire
Cultural History of the Lunar and Solar Eclipse in the Early Roman Empire Richard C. Carrier The regularity and consistency of human imagination may be first displayed in the beliefs connected with eclipses. It is well known that these phenomena, to us now crucial instances of the exactness of natural laws, are, throughout the lower stages of civilization, the very embodiment of miraculous disaster.1 Fifteen hundred years have not yet passed since Greece numbered and named the stars and yet many nations today only know the heavens by their appearance, and do not yet understand why the moon fails or how it is overshadowed.2 More than fifteen hundred years separates these two remarks. Each reveals a gulf between the learned and unlearned, but for Tylor it is a contrast between today and long ago, or here and far away, while for Seneca it is a contrast between the wise and the vulgar, who live in the same time and place. For the lunar and solar eclipse is a phenomenon where the strongest and clearest divide appears between the educated Roman and the common multitude. In contrast with almost everything else in Roman experience, from earthquakes to disease, eclipses of sun and moon can be understood in their entirety, and explained with mathematical precision, without the aid of advanced technology or modern scientific methods. But to those who lacked the encouragement to employ careful observation and physical explanation, and who lacked the breadth of information available to the literate, the eclipse was the most awesome and dire event in human experience. -
Ritual Cleaning-Up of the City: from the Lupercalia to the Argei*
RITUAL CLEANING-UP OF THE CITY: FROM THE LUPERCALIA TO THE ARGEI* This paper is not an analysis of the fine aspects of ritual, myth and ety- mology. I do not intend to guess the exact meaning of Luperci and Argei, or why the former sacrificed a dog and the latter were bound hand and foot. What I want to examine is the role of the festivals of the Lupercalia and the Argei in the functioning of the Roman community. The best-informed among ancient writers were convinced that these were purification cere- monies. I assume that the ancients knew what they were talking about and propose, first, to establish the nature of the ritual cleanliness of the city, and second, see by what techniques the two festivals achieved that goal. What, in the perception of the Romans themselves, normally made their city unclean? What were the ordinary, repetitive sources of pollution in pre-Imperial Rome, before the concept of the cura Urbis was refined? The answer to this is provided by taboos and restrictions on certain sub- stances, and also certain activities, in the City. First, there is a rule from the Twelve Tables with Cicero’s curiously anachronistic comment: «hominem mortuum», inquit lex in duodecim, «in urbe ne sepelito neve urito», credo vel propter ignis periculum (De leg. II 58). Secondly, we have the edict of the praetor L. Sentius C.f., known from three inscrip- tions dating from the beginning of the first century BC1: L. Sentius C. f. pr(aetor) de sen(atus) sent(entia) loca terminanda coer(avit). -
The Developmentof Early Imperial Dress from the Tetrachs to The
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Birmingham Research Archive, E-theses Repository University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. The Development of Early Imperial Dress from the Tetrarchs to the Herakleian Dynasty General Introduction The emperor, as head of state, was the most important and powerful individual in the land; his official portraits and to a lesser extent those of the empress were depicted throughout the realm. His image occurred most frequently on small items issued by government officials such as coins, market weights, seals, imperial standards, medallions displayed beside new consuls, and even on the inkwells of public officials. As a sign of their loyalty, his portrait sometimes appeared on the patches sown on his supporters’ garments, embossed on their shields and armour or even embellishing their jewelry. Among more expensive forms of art, the emperor’s portrait appeared in illuminated manuscripts, mosaics, and wall paintings such as murals and donor portraits. Several types of statues bore his likeness, including those worshiped as part of the imperial cult, examples erected by public 1 officials, and individual or family groupings placed in buildings, gardens and even harbours at the emperor’s personal expense. -
The Imperial Cult and the Individual
THE IMPERIAL CULT AND THE INDIVIDUAL: THE NEGOTIATION OF AUGUSTUS' PRIVATE WORSHIP DURING HIS LIFETIME AT ROME _______________________________________ A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Department of Ancient Mediterranean Studies at the University of Missouri-Columbia _______________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy _____________________________________________________ by CLAIRE McGRAW Dr. Dennis Trout, Dissertation Supervisor MAY 2019 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled THE IMPERIAL CULT AND THE INDIVIDUAL: THE NEGOTIATION OF AUGUSTUS' PRIVATE WORSHIP DURING HIS LIFETIME AT ROME presented by Claire McGraw, a candidate for the degree of doctor of philosophy, and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. _______________________________________________ Professor Dennis Trout _______________________________________________ Professor Anatole Mori _______________________________________________ Professor Raymond Marks _______________________________________________ Professor Marcello Mogetta _______________________________________________ Professor Sean Gurd DEDICATION There are many people who deserve to be mentioned here, and I hope I have not forgotten anyone. I must begin with my family, Tom, Michael, Lisa, and Mom. Their love and support throughout this entire process have meant so much to me. I dedicate this project to my Mom especially; I must acknowledge that nearly every good thing I know and good decision I’ve made is because of her. She has (literally and figuratively) pushed me to achieve this dream. Mom has been my rock, my wall to lean upon, every single day. I love you, Mom. Tom, Michael, and Lisa have been the best siblings and sister-in-law. Tom thinks what I do is cool, and that means the world to a little sister. -
Rodolfo Lanciani, the Ruins and Excavations of Ancient Rome, 1897, P
10/29/2010 1 Primus Adventus ad Romam Urbem Aeternam Your First Visit to Rome The Eternal City 2 Accessimus in Urbe AeternA! • Welcome, traveler! Avoiding the travails of the road, you arrived by ship at the port of Ostia; from there, you’ve had a short journey up the Via Ostiensis into Roma herself. What do you see there? 3 Quam pulchra est urbs aeterna! • What is there to see in Rome? • What are some monuments you have heard of? • How old are the buildings in Rome? • How long would it take you to see everything important? 4 Map of Roma 5 The Roman Forum • “According to the Roman legend, Romulus and Tatius, after the mediation of the Sabine women, met on the very spot where the battle had been fought, and made peace and an alliance. The spot, a low, damp, grassy field, exposed to the floods of the river Spinon, took the name of “Comitium” from the verb coire, to assemble. It is possible that, in consequence of the alliance, a road connecting the Sabine and the Roman settlements was made across these swamps; it became afterwards the Sacra Via…. 6 The Roman Forum • “…Tullus Hostilius, the third king, built a stone inclosure on the Comitium, for the meeting of the Senators, named from him Curia Hostilia; then came the state prison built by Ancus Marcius in one of the quarries (the Tullianum). The Tarquin [kings] drained the land, gave the Forum a regular (trapezoidal) shape, divided the space around its borders into building- lots, and sold them to private speculators for shops and houses, the fronts of which were to be lined with porticoes.” --Rodolfo Lanciani, The Ruins and Excavations of Ancient Rome, 1897, p. -
THE POLITICS of TEMPORA the Last Years of Augustus' Life and Those
CHAPTER ONE THE POLITICS OF TEMPORA The last years of Augustus’ life and those just after his death, the years during which Ovid’s Fasti was composed and revised, found Rome poised on the brink of a new definition of her future and a re-reading of the past that brought her to that point. If in earlier years Augustus’ gradual negotiation and adjustment of his own posi- tion in relation to the Republican past and the dictatorship of Caesar had been at center stage, now the steadily growing importance and uncertainty of the succession found Rome also concerned with the future, and with the assurance of continuity and stability.1 Janus, the Fasti’s first divine informant and a god of programmatic importance for the Fasti,2 seems to stand at this historical point, looking before him and behind him at once: Iane biceps, anni tacite labentis origo,/solus de superis qui tua terga vides [Two-headed Janus, font of the silently slipping year, the only god who can see his own back] (1.65–66). As the god of each new beginning, but one who “sees his back” as well, Janus provides a link between past, present and future. The poet addresses to him a prayer for the continuance of the “worry- free peace” provided by Rome’s present leaders, her duces, who are now plural as a new one succeeds to the first. Janus might seem an unlikely candidate for a guarantor of stability—his old name, after all, was Chaos—but his description of the means by which chaos gave way to the present order is telling: me Chaos antiqui (nam sum res prisca) vocabant: aspice quam longi temporis acta canam. -
WHAT SHOULD WE CALL OUR PLANET? by Herman Greene
“The earth,” “earth,” or “Earth?” WHAT SHOULD WE CALL OUR PLANET? By Herman Greene Should we call our planet “the earth,” “earth,” or “Earth”? Generally our planet should be called “Earth.” Like the other planets, it should be capitalized and generally not be preceded by “the.” When earth refers to soil, it should not be capitalized. We don’t say, the Mars, and certainly not the mars, or the Venus or the Pluto. It is in keeping with the Gaia theory that we think of Earth as having a kind of organic unity and therefore receive a personal name. Earth is a subject. Technically there was no Greek God name Earth. In Greece, the personification of Earth was Gaia, one of the Greek primordial deities. According to Wikipedia: These deities are a group of gods from which all others descend. They most notably include Uranus (Father Sky) and Gaia (Mother Earth), who preceded the Titans, who themselves preceded the Olympians. In Roman mythology, Tellus or Terra Mater was a goddess of Earth. Wikipedia gives this etymology of Earth: The modern English word Earth developed from a wide variety of Middle English forms, which derived from an Old English noun most often spelled eorðe. It has cognates in every Germanic language, and their proto-Germanic root has been reconstructed as erþō. In its earliest appearances, eorðe was already being used to translate the many senses of Latin terra and Greek γῆ (gē): the ground, its soil, dry land, the human world, the surface of the world (including the sea), and the globe itself. -
And Anti-Augustan Readings of Propertius Book Four Matthew Angelosanto Union College - Schenectady, NY
Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2011 The olitP ical Properties: Pro- and Anti-Augustan Readings of Propertius Book Four Matthew Angelosanto Union College - Schenectady, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the Poetry Commons Recommended Citation Angelosanto, Matthew, "The oP litical Properties: Pro- and Anti-Augustan Readings of Propertius Book Four" (2011). Honors Theses. 934. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/934 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i The Political Propertius: Pro- and Anti-Augustan Readings of Propertius Book Four By M. Angelosanto ********* Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Department of Classics UNION COLLEGE March, 2011 ii ABSTRACT ANGELOSANTO, MATTHEW The Political Propertius: Pro- and anti- Augustan readings of Propertius Book Four. Department of Classics, March 2011. ADVISOR: Stacie Raucci Propertius was a Roman elegist writing during the early years of Augustus’ reign as emperor. His fourth and final book of elegies has long confounded scholars due to its drastic shift in subject matter from love elegy to aetiology. So, too, did the poet’s political stance seem to change: vehemently anti-Augustus in his earlier books, a number of poems in his fourth seem to extol both the sociopolitical climate of Augustan Rome as well as the emperor himself. -
De Ornanda Instruendaque Urbe Anne Truetzel
Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) 1-1-2011 De Ornanda Instruendaque Urbe Anne Truetzel Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd Recommended Citation Truetzel, Anne, "De Ornanda Instruendaque Urbe" (2011). All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs). 527. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/527 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Department of Classics De Ornanda Instruendaque Urbe: Julius Caesar’s Influence on the Topography of the Comitium-Rostra-Curia Complex by Anne E. Truetzel A thesis presented to the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts August 2011 Saint Louis, Missouri ~ Acknowledgments~ I would like to take this opportunity to thank the Classics department at Washington University in St. Louis. The two years that I have spent in this program have been both challenging and rewarding. I thank both the faculty and my fellow graduate students for allowing me to be a part of this community. I now graduate feeling well- prepared for the further graduate study ahead of me. There are many people without whom this project in particular could not have been completed. First and foremost, I thank Professor Susan Rotroff for her guidance and support throughout this process; her insightful comments and suggestions, brilliant ideas and unfailing patience have been invaluable. -
Architecture in the Roman Forum During the Empire: a Brief History
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19244-6 - The Roman Forum: A Reconstruction and Architectural Guide Gilbert J. Gorski & James E. Packer Excerpt More information PART I. ARCHITECTURE IN THE ROMAN FORUM DURING THE EMPIRE: A BRIEF HISTORY © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19244-6 - The Roman Forum: A Reconstruction and Architectural Guide Gilbert J. Gorski & James E. Packer Excerpt More information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19244-6 - The Roman Forum: A Reconstruction and Architectural Guide Gilbert J. Gorski & James E. Packer Excerpt More information THE AUGUSTAN 1 RECONSTRUCTION (31 BCE–14 CE) PROLOGUE: THE late Republic. Literary tradition credited the Temple of Vesta at the southeast end of the valley to Rome’s second king, Numa REPUBLICAN FORUM Pompilius (715–673), who had erected it next to the Regia, (508–31) his own residence. At the northwest end, Pompilius’ succes- sor, Tullius Hostilius (672–641), built the Curia Hostilia, the Established as a meeting place for the inhabitants of the adja- Senate House named after him, and, in front of it, the Comitium, cent, previously independent villages, the Republican Forum the outdoor meeting place for Rome’s popular assemblies. At occupied an irregularly shaped, marshy valley below the the end of the sixth and the beginning of the fi fth centuries, the Palatine and Capitoline Hills. Reclaiming the central marsh by early republican Temples of Saturn and Castor went up to the massive earth fi lls in the late sixth century, its builders initiated south, and, by the fourth century, a line of aristocratic dwellings the continuous evolutionary changes that, in the next fi ve cen- connected these temples and defi ned the edges of the piazza turies (c. -
Pompey and Cicero: an Alliance of Convenience
POMPEY AND CICERO: AN ALLIANCE OF CONVENIENCE THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of Texas State University-San Marcos in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of ARTS by Charles E. Williams Jr., B.A. San Marcos, Texas May 2013 POMPEY AND CICERO: AN ALLIANCE OF CONVENIENCE Committee Members Approved: ______________________________ Pierre Cagniart, Chair ______________________________ Kenneth Margerison ______________________________ Elizabeth Makowski Approved: ______________________________ J. Michael Willoughby Dean of the Graduate College COPYRIGHT by Charles E. Williams Jr. 2013 FAIR USE AND AUTHOR’S PERMISSION STATEMENT Fair Use This work is protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States (Public Law 94- 553, section 107). Consistent with fair use as defined in the Copyright Laws, brief quotations from this material are allowed with proper acknowledgment. Use of this material for financial gain without the author’s express written permission is not allowed. Duplication Permission As the copyright holder of this work I, Charles E. Williams Jr., authorize duplication of this work, in whole or in part, for educational or scholarly purposes only. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Above all I would like to thank my parents, Chuck and Kay Williams, for their continuing support, assistance, and encouragement. Their desire to see me succeed in my academic career is perhaps equal to my own. Thanks go as well to Dr Pierre Cagnart, without whom this work would not have been possible. His expertise in Roman politics and knowledge concerning the ancient sources were invaluable. I would also like to thank Dr. Kenneth Margerison and Dr. Elizabeth Makowski for critiquing this work and many other papers I have written as an undergraduate and graduate student.