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A-Z Copy 1 6/4/09 10:34 P�Gina 1 Portada 2009 - EDAI.qxp:Portada 2008 8/4/09 17:59 Pgina 1 INFORME 2009 AMNISTÍA INTERNACIONAL EL ESTADO DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS ENINFORME EL 2009 MUNDO AMNISTÍA INTERNACIONAL EL ESTADO DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS EN EL MUNDO El Informe 2009 de Amnistía Internacional documenta la situación de los derechos humanos en 157 países y territorios del mundo durante 2008. Muestra un mundo en el que la inseguridad y la discriminación estructurales impiden que los avances conseguidos en las leyes se hagan realidad plenamente y en el que la igualdad y los derechos humanos siguen en el plano de las buenas intenciones, no en el de las buenas prácticas. También dibuja un mundo en el que los Estados escogen a su antojo los derechos que están dispuestos a respetar y los que prefieren suprimir. INFORME 2009 AMNISTÍA INTERNACIONAL El núcleo del libro es un estudio sobre los derechos humanos EL ESTADO DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS EN EL MUNDO país por país, desde Afganistán hasta Zimbabue. Los artículos muestran de manera patente hasta qué punto son frágiles (en el mejor de los casos) los avances conseguidos en la mejora de la vida de millones de personas cuando los Estados ignoran o reprimen alguno de los derechos consagrados en la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos. En el transcurso de 2008, el mundo fue testigo, una y otra vez, de oleadas de protestas populares protagonizadas por personas hambrientas, excluidas y empobrecidas. En muchos casos, la respuesta a estas protestas fue la represión y el uso excesivo de la fuerza: los gobiernos no estaban dispuestos a escuchar la voz de la gente. Con este informe, Amnistía Internacional se suma a quienes alzan su voz contra la injusticia y la desigualdad, a quienes exigen con valentía un futuro en el que todas las personas sean libres e iguales en derechos y dignidad. 09 00 Preliminares 09.qxp:A-Z copy 1 6/4/09 10:34 Pgina 1 INFORME 2009 AMNISTÍA INTERNACIONAL EL ESTADO DE 09LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS EN EL MUNDO 00 Preliminares 09.qxp:A-Z copy 1 6/4/09 10:34 Pgina 2 © Edición y traducción ISBN: 978 - 84 - 96462 - 23 - 6 Reservados todos los derechos. al español: Depósito legal: M-15733-2009 Queda prohibida la Editorial Amnistía Internacional reproducción total o parcial de (EDAI) Índice AI: POL 10/001/2009 esta publicación, así como su Valderribas, 13 Puede consultarse la versión en almacenamiento en sistemas 28007 Madrid línea de este informe en de recuperación de información España thereport.amnesty.org. y su transmisión en cualquier forma o por cualquier medio, ya Publicado en 2009 Impreso por: sea electrónico, mecánico, originalmente en inglés por: Artes Gráficas ENCO fotocopia, grabación o de © Amnesty International Madrid (España) cualquier otro tipo, sin previa Publications Impreso en papel reciclado. autorización de la editorial. Secretariado Internacional Peter Benenson House Todas las fotografías van www.amnesty.org/es 1 Easton Street acompañadas del Londres WC1X ODW correspondiente pie de foto e Reino Unido información de propiedad. www.amnesty.org 00 Preliminares 09.qxp:A-Z copy 1 6/4/09 10:34 Pgina 3 INFORME 2009 AMNISTÍA INTERNACIONAL EL ESTADO DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS EN EL MUNDO Este informe abarca el periodo09 comprendido entre enero y diciembre de 2008. 00 Preliminares 09.qxp:A-Z copy 1 6/4/09 10:34 Pgina 4 © Particular Personas hacinadas en el centro de detención para migrantes de Mayotte (en los territorios franceses de ultramar), diciembre de 2008. El Comité de Derechos Humanos de la ONU ha expresado su preocupación por las condiciones imperantes en los centros de detención franceses. 00 Preliminares 09.qxp:A-Z copy 1 6/4/09 10:35 Pgina 5 PREFACIO «TODOS LOS SERES HUMANOS NACEN LIBRES E IGUALES EN DIGNIDAD Y DERECHOS» Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos, 1948 El Informe 2009 de Amnistía Internacional documenta la situación de los derechos humanos en el país. la situación de los derechos humanos en 157 países A continuación se presentan las diferentes cuestiones y territorios del mundo durante 2008. Revela la que fueron motivo de preocupación para Amnistía presencia de inseguridad y discriminación Internacional y, si corresponde, se destacan casos de estructurales, que impiden que los avances realizados personas concretas. en las leyes se hagan realidad en la práctica, y algo también muy importante, muestra un mundo en el El hecho de que en un país determinado no se trate una que, una y otra vez, los Estados escogen los derechos cuestión en particular no debe entenderse como una que están dispuestos a respetar y los que prefieren declaración de Amnistía Internacional de que en ese suprimir. país no se cometieron abusos contra los derechos humanos en esa categoría. Tampoco debe El libro se abre con cinco perspectivas regionales, en interpretarse la ausencia de un determinado país o las que se subrayan los acontecimientos y tendencias territorio como una ausencia de motivos de clave que dominaron el panorama de los derechos preocupación en materia de abusos contra los humanos en cada región durante 2008. derechos humanos en ese país o territorio a lo largo de 2008. De la misma manera, la extensión de cada El núcleo del libro es un estudio sobre los derechos apartado de país no debe fundamentar comparación humanos país por país, desde Afganistán hasta alguna sobre el grado de preocupación de Amnistía Zimbabue. Cada artículo comienza con un resumen de Internacional. Amnistia Internacional Informe 2009 5 00 Preliminares 09.qxp:A-Z copy 1 6/4/09 10:35 Pgina 6 AMNISTÍA INTERNACIONAL Amnistía Internacional es un movimiento global integrado por 2,2 millones de personas que trabajan en favor del respeto y la protección de los principios de derechos humanos internacionalmente reconocidos. La visión de Amnistía Internacional es la de un mundo en el que todas las personas disfrutan de todos los derechos humanos proclamados en la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos y en otras normas internacionales de derechos humanos. La misión de Amnistía Internacional consiste en realizar labores de investigación y acción centradas en impedir y poner fin a los abusos graves contra todos los derechos humanos –civiles, políticos, sociales, culturales y económicos–. Tanto la libertad de expresión y asociación como la integridad física y mental, tanto la protección frente a la discriminación como el derecho al alojamiento: todos son derechos indivisibles. Amnistía Internacional se financia en gran medida con las contribuciones de su membresía y con donativos. No solicita ni acepta contribuciones de gobiernos para realizar su labor de investigación y campaña en torno a los abusos contra los derechos humanos. Es independiente de todo gobierno, ideología política, interés económico y credo religioso. Amnistía Internacional es un movimiento democrático cuyas decisiones fundamentales sobre políticas las toma en sus reuniones bienales el Consejo Internacional, compuesto por representantes de todas las Secciones de la organización. El Consejo designa a un Comité Ejecutivo Internacional que lleva a la práctica sus decisiones. Las personas que componen el Comité Ejecutivo Internacional son: Soledad García Muñoz (Argentina, vicepresidenta), Deborah Smith (Canadá, habla inglesa), Pietro Antonioli (Italia), Lilian Gonçalves-Ho Kang You (Países Bajos), Vanushi Rajanayagam-Walters (Nueva Zelanda), Christine Pamp (Suecia), Levent Korkut (Turquía), Peter Pack (Reino Unido, presidente), David Stamps (Estados Unidos, tesorero internacional), Imran Riffat (Estados Unidos, miembro designado por cooptación) y Tjalling Tiemstra (Países Bajos, miembro designado por cooptación). La secretaria general de Amnistía Internacional es Irene Khan (Bangladesh). NOTA SOBRE LA EDICIÓN EN ESPAÑOL DEL INFORME 2009 Por lo general, las citas de organizaciones internacionales que aparecen en el texto son la versión oficial en español. The New York Times The New York En los casos en que existe la posibilidad de que la fuente pueda darse oficialmente en español, no siempre ha sido posible localizar la versión oficial española de algunas de las citas, como ocurre en ocasiones con el Comité de Derechos Humanos de la ONU o el Tribunal Europeo. Asimismo, hay casos en que de ningún modo hay versión oficial en español, como sucede con la Comisión Africana o el Consejo de Europa, que no tienen el español como idioma de trabajo. En ambos casos, EDAI ha traducido al español, entrecomilladas, sus citas. © Lynsey Addario para © Lynsey 00 Preliminares 09.qxp:A-Z copy 1 6/4/09 10:35 Pgina 7 Vista aérea de las ruinas del pueblo sudanés de Abu Suruj, destruido en un bombardeo efectuado el 8 de febrero de 2008 por las fuerzas armadas sudanesas para intentar recuperar el control de Darfur Occidental. Se calcula que unas 30.000 personas se vieron desplazadas internamente como consecuencia de los ataques llevados a cabo contra diversas localidades de la zona. 00 Preliminares 09.qxp:A-Z copy 1 6/4/09 10:35 Pgina 8 PREFACIO / 5 Croacia / 162 PRIMERA PARTE Cuba / 165 Perspectiva regional Dinamarca / 167 África / 15 Ecuador / 168 América / 27 Egipto / 170 Asia y Oceanía / 39 El Salvador / 174 Europa y Asia Central / 51 Emiratos Árabes Unidos / 175 Oriente Medio y Norte de África / 63 Eritrea / 177 Eslovaquia / 179 SEGUNDA PARTE Eslovenia / 182 Afganistán / 79 España / 183 Albania / 83 Estados Unidos de América / 186 Alemania / 85 Estonia / 191 Angola / 87 Etiopía / 193 Arabia Saudí / 90 Federación Rusa / 196 Argelia / 94 Filipinas / 202 Argentina / 97 Finlandia / 204 Armenia / 99 Fiyi / 205 Australia / 101 Francia / 206 Austria / 102 Gambia / 208 Autoridad Palestina
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