DOCSLIB.ORG

Study of Vessel Elements in the Stem of Genus Cuphea, Woodfordia, Lawsonia, and Lagerstroemia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Study of Vessel Elements in the Stem of Genus Cuphea, Woodfordia, Lawsonia, and Lagerstroemia Feb-Apr.2012, Vol.2.No.2, 877-884 e- ISSN: 2249 –1929 Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences An International Peer Review E-3 Journal of Sciences Available online at www.jcbsc.org Section B: Biological Sciences CODEN (USA): JCBPAT Research Article Study of Vessel Elements In the stem of Genus Cuphea, Woodfordia, Lawsonia, and Lagerstroemia. [Lythraceae] Anil A.Kshirsagar* 1 and N.P.Vikos 2 *1Department of Botany, Shivaji Art’s, Commerce and Science College kannad, Dist-Aurangabad (M.S.) 431103 2Department of Botany Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad. (M.S.) 431103 Received: 28 March 2012: Revised 10 April 2012; Accepted: 20 April 2012 ABSTRACT The vessel elements in four genera and nine species have been investigated. The vessel elements in the stem of Cuphea, Woodfordia, Lawsonia and Lagerstroemia exhibit variation in their length and breadth in the different species or in the plant of same species. The minimum length of vessel element was recorded in Cuphea ignea (285.6 µm) and the maximum length of vessel element was recorded in Lagerstroemia microcarpa (714 µm) while minimum diameter of vessels was recorded in Cuphea ignea (14.2 µm) and maximum diameter of vessel element was recorded in Lagerstroemia reginae (71.4 µm) The perforation plates are mostly simple, however in certain taxa both simple and scalariform perforation plates are occurs. The position of perforations are terminal sub-terminal, the tails are recorded in many taxa, and the lateral wall are pitted .The vestured pits are characteristic of family Lythraceae. Keywords: Vessel elements, Perforation plate, Stem Cuphea, Woodfordia, Lawsonia, Lagerstroemia. (Lythraceae) INTRODUCTION The family Lythraceae consist of about 24 genera and nearly 500 species wide spread in the temperate regions 1 In India it is represented by 11 genera and about 45 species 2The species of annuals ,perennials, tree native to the tropical and subtropical America and Hawaiian islands. According to Solereder 3, Metcalfe and Chalk 4, simple perforations are common in this family. Bass and Zweypfenning 5, 877 J. Chem. Bio. Phy. Sci. Sec. B. 2012, Vol.2, N0.2, 877-884. Study... Anil A.Kshirsagar et al. Cronquist 6, also mention such elements with simple perforation plates of vessel members.Therefore,the present work gives a comphrensive account on stem of nine species of family Lythraceae. MATERIAL AND METHODS The plant material of nine species spread in four genera of the family Lythraceae are studied and collected namely Woodfordia fruticosa (Linn.) Krunz; Lagerstroemia microcarpa Wight L. Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb, Lagerstroemia speciosa (Linn.) Lagerstroemia tomentosa Bremek.were collected from Kannad, Aurangabad, Kolhapur, Kinwat, and Dhule and fixed in FAA. They were preserved in 70% alcohol. The stem macerated in 1:1 proportion of 10% nitric acid and 10% chromic acid solution and then the materials were washed thoroughly in water, stained in 1% safranin and mounted in glycerin. The illustrations and camera Lucida drawings made at the same magnification. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS The vessel elements in the stem of nine species of the Genus Cuphea, Woodfordia, Lawsonia and Lagerstroemia of family Lythraceae were observed. Size: The vessel elements are categorized on their length for the sake of convenience. Short: The average length of short elements of the stem vessel ranges from 285.5µm ( Cuphea ignea) to 357 µm (Lagerstroemia tomentosa) and diameter from 14.2 µm ( Cuphea ignea) to28.5 µm( Lawsonia inermis ). As shown in Table:1 Table-1: showing vessel elements in stem of woodfordia, Cuphea, Lawsonia and Lagerstroemia , with respect to length and diameter in micron meter. Sr. Name of Plant Length of vessel elements in Diameter of vessel elements No. µm in µm Min. Max. Aveg. Min. Max. Aveg. 1 Woodfordia fruticosa 428.4 642.6 504.7 21.4 57.1 41.4 2 Cuphea ignea 285.5 428.4 342.7 14.2 57.1 39.2 3 Lawsonia inermis 428.4 678.3 592.6 28.5 57.1 42.8 4 Lagerstroemia indica 428.4 642.6 564 28.5 57.1 42.12 5 Lagerstroemia microcarpa 428.4 714 580 35.7 49.9 42.8 6 Lagerstroemia parviflora 285.6 642.6 496.2 35.7 49.9 43.5 7 Lagerstroemia reginae 485.5 678.3 569.7 35.7 71.4 47.1 8 Lagerstroemia speciosa 499.8 642.6 546.2 35.7 57.1 42.8 9 Lagerstroemia tomentosa 357 642.6 499.8 35.7 57.1 45.6 Long: The average length of long vessel elements in stem ranges from 285.5µm ( Cuphea ignea) to 499.8µm ( Lagerstroemia speciosa ) and diameter ranges from 49.9µm ( Lagerstroemia microcarpa ) to71.4µm (Lagerstroemia reginae ) Table: 1 Shape: Generally the vessel elements in the stem are cylindrical, tubular shapes observed in many species of studied taxa. Perforation plate: The perforation plates are occurs at terminal or sub terminal end of the vessel elements. (Table:2 ) The shape of the perforation plate is usually circular, sometimes oval or elongated. In many species simple perforation plate is common except Lagerstroemia microcarpa and Lagerstroemia parviflora, both monoperforate as well as multiperforate perforation plates occurs (Fig:2 e ,f,g,j ).The number of bars in scalariform plate is variable they are five to ten in numbers. The end walls of the vessel elements are either oblique or transverse. 878 J. Chem. Bio. Phy. Sci. Sec. B, 2012, Vol.2, N o2 .877 -884. Study... Anil A.Kshirsagar et al. Tail: A vessel elements may ends with a spur like projection called as tail. In presently examined species some of the vessel elements have tails ( Fig:1 e,f g, h,i,j, Fig:2 b,d,f,I ;Fig:3a,b,e ).The tails is long or short with blunt or pointed end. Table: 2 showing vessel elements in stem of woodfordia, Cuphea, Lawsonia and Lagerstroemia, with respect to position, lateral wall & nature of end wall Sr.N Name of Plant Perforation plate Position of Lateral wall Nature of o. perforation plate thickening End wall 1 Simple Terminal Pitted Oblique Woodfordia fruticosa 2 Cuphea ignea Simple Sub Terminal Pitted Oblique 3 Lawsonia inermis Simple Sub-Terminal Pitted Transverse & Oblique 4 Lagerstroemia indica Simple Terminal Pitted Oblique 5 Lagerstroemia microcarpa Simple & Terminal Pitted Transverse Scalariform 6 Lagerstroemia parviflora Simple & Terminal Pitted Transverse Scalariform 7 Lagerstroemia reginae Simple Terminal Pitted Transverse 8 Lagerstroemia speciosa Simple Terminal Pitted Oblique 9 Lagerstroemia tomentosa Simple Terminal Pitted Oblique & Transverse 879 J. Chem. Bio. Phy. Sci. Sec. B, 2012, Vol.2, N o2 .877 -884. Study... Anil A.Kshirsagar et al. 880 J. Chem. Bio. Phy. Sci. Sec. B, 2012, Vol.2, N o2 .877 -884. Study... Anil A.Kshirsagar et al. Lateral wall thickening: The lateral wall thickening is of only one type in all the investigated taxa that is simple pitted. The pits are mostly alternate. In some taxa vestured pits are observed very rare opposite pits. The vessel elements shows variation in the length and bread th in different species and even the plants of same species .The shortest vessel elements is 285.5µm found in stem of Cuphea ignea and longest one 714µm in Lagerstroemia microcarpa (Table:1 )The vessel element length is more than 700µm is noted in the stem of Lagerstroemia microcarpa . The shortest vessel member may have the breadth as high as14.2µm in Cuphea ignea where as largest vessel members have the breadth as high as 71.4µm in Lagerstroemia reginae (Table: 1 ) Different shapes of vessel members occur .T hey are mostly cylindrical, tubular in shape .The perforation plate simple except Lagerstroemia microcarpa and Lagerstroemia parviflora, the vessel elements are with scalariform perforation plate .The position of plates are terminal ,sub terminal or lateral. (Table:2 ) The occurrence of the tail has been noted in the many species.The tail is either long or short with blunt or pointed ends 7,8 .According to solereder 3,Metcalfe and Chalk 4 simple perforation plates are common in this family Bass and Zweyfenning 5 Cronquist 6 also mention such 881 J. Chem. Bio. Phy. Sci. Sec. B, 2012, Vol.2, N o2 .877 -884. Study... Anil A.Kshirsagar et al. elements with simple perforations Such type of vessel elements are also reported in scrophulariaceae 9 However, Rogers 10 reported both scalariform oblique and simple perforation plates of vessel members in Cuphea carthegenesis,Cuphea cyanea and Cuphea bustamantha in other species of Cuphea these plates are exclusively simple. he lateral wall thickening is of only one type in all the investigated taxa that is simple pitted. The pits are mostly alternate. The vessel elements are simple pitted in woods of angiosperms 11 the changes in pit membrane porosity due to deflection and stretching the vestured pits 12. According to Rabacy et al 13 , the pits of vessels are the plasmodesmata like connection and thickening in angiosperm plants. In addition to taxonomic differences some authors noticed that the micro morphology of vestured vessel may be depend on type of pitting and on pit charecteristics 14 -17 . The presence of vestured pits is observed in all families of Myrtales including Lythraceae 18,19 Observation of small simple perforation plates with vestured pits were reported by Baas 20 in Leptospermum crassipes (Myrtaceae) Kucera et.al 21 , concluded that the observation of vestures are deposited prior to the death of the protoplast. There is a strong correlation between vestured pits of vessels are nearly always associated with simple perforation plates 22 Almost all members of the order Myrtales are characterized by simple perforation plates aithough there are few exceptions 23,24 examined in details the distribution of scalariform plates within Myrtaceae.The members of myrtales with vestured scalariform perforation plates of vessels were found in Neomyrtus pedunculata 14 In many cases vestured pits are noted Solereder 3,Metcalfe and chalk 4 Bass and Zweypfenning 5 describe the inter-vessel pits alternate, vestured ,round to polygonal or elongated .However, it is interesting to note that Bass and Zweypfenning 5 exhibited spiral thickenings on its vessel walls in Heimia and faint spiral of Nesaea .According to Rogers 9 in Cuphea vessel elements commonly have annular and helical thickenings and metaxylem have combination of reticulate ,bordered pits.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gardenergardener
    TheThe AmericanAmerican GARDENERGARDENER TheThe MagazineMagazine ofof thethe AAmericanmerican HorticulturalHorticultural SocietySociety January/February 2005 new plants for 2005 Native Fruits for the Edible Landscape Wildlife-Friendly Gardening Chanticleer: A Jewel of a Garden The Do’s andand Don’tsDon’ts ofof Planting Under Trees contents Volume 84, Number 1 . January / February 2005 FEATURES DEPARTMENTS 5 NOTES FROM RIVER FARM 6 MEMBERS’ FORUM 8 NEWS FROM AHS AHS’s restored White House gates to be centerpiece of Philadelphia Flower Show entrance exhibit, The Growing Connection featured during United Nations World Food Day events, Utah city’s volunteer efforts during America in Bloom competition earned AHS Community Involvement Award, Great Southern Tree Conference is newest AHS partner. 14 AHS PARTNERS IN PROFILE page 22 The Care of Trees brings passion and professionalism to arboriculture. 44 GARDENING BY DESIGN 16 NEW FOR 2005 BY RITA PELCZAR Forget plants—dream of design. A preview of the exciting and intriguing new plant introductions. 46 GARDENER’S NOTEBOOK Gardening trends in 2005, All-America 22 CHANTICLEER BY CAROLE OTTESEN Selections winners, Lenten rose is perennial of the year, wildlife This Philadephia-area garden is being hailed as one of the finest gardening courses small public gardens in America. online, new Cornell Web site allows rating of 26 NATIVE FRUITS BY LEE REICH vegetable varieties, Add beauty and flavor to your landscape with carefree natives like Florida gardens recover from hurricane damage, page 46 beach plum, persimmon, pawpaw, and clove currant. gardeners can help with national bird count. 31 TURNING A GARDEN INTO A COMMUNITY BY JOANNE WOLFE 50 In this first in a series of articles on habitat gardening, learn how to GROWING THE FUTURE create an environment that benefits both gardener and wildlife.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Plant Patent (10) Patent No.: US PP20,641 P2 Keogh (45) Date of Patent: Jan
    USOOPP20641P2 (12) United States Plant Patent (10) Patent No.: US PP20,641 P2 Keogh (45) Date of Patent: Jan. 12, 2010 (54) CUPHEAPLANT NAMED “BALLISTIC (52) U.S. Cl. ...................................................... Pt.f42O (50) Latin Name: Cupheaxhybrida (58) Field of Classification Search ... Pt.f42O Varietal Denomination: Ballistic See application file for complete search history. (56) References Cited (76) Inventor: Terence Keogh, 209 Bunker Road, Victoria Pt. 4165 Q. (AU) U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS PP20,000 P2 * 5/2009 Unger ........................ Pt.f420 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 * cited by examiner U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. Primary Examiner Wendy C. Haas (21) Appl. No.: 12/287,628 (57) ABSTRACT (22) Filed: Oct. 10, 2008 A new and distinct cultivar of Cuphea named BALLISTIC that is characterized by mounding habit and many large flow Related U.S. Application Data ers which are colored pink to red, dark purple and white. In (60) Provisional application No. 61/000,631, filed on Oct. combination these characteristics set BALLISTIC apart 25, 2007. from all other existing varieties of Cuphea known to the inventor. (51) Int. Cl. AOIH 5/00 (2006.01) 2 Drawing Sheets 1. 2 Botanical designation: Cuphea igneaxC. lanceolata. LISTIC is asexually propagated by the method of vegetative Denomination: BALLISTIC. cuttings. BALLISTIC is hardy to USDA Zone 9. The first asexual propagation of BALLISTIC was con BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION ducted by the inventor at the inventor's nursery in Queen 5 sland, Australia. Asexual propagation was accomplished by The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar the inventor, in 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • Threatenedtaxa.Org Journal Ofthreatened 26 June 2020 (Online & Print) Vol
    10.11609/jot.2020.12.9.15967-16194 www.threatenedtaxa.org Journal ofThreatened 26 June 2020 (Online & Print) Vol. 12 | No. 9 | Pages: 15967–16194 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) JoTT PLATINUM OPEN ACCESS TaxaBuilding evidence for conservaton globally ISSN 0974-7907 (Online); ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Publisher Host Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society Zoo Outreach Organizaton www.wild.zooreach.org www.zooreach.org No. 12, Thiruvannamalai Nagar, Saravanampat - Kalapat Road, Saravanampat, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India Ph: +91 9385339863 | www.threatenedtaxa.org Email: [email protected] EDITORS English Editors Mrs. Mira Bhojwani, Pune, India Founder & Chief Editor Dr. Fred Pluthero, Toronto, Canada Dr. Sanjay Molur Mr. P. Ilangovan, Chennai, India Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development (WILD) Society & Zoo Outreach Organizaton (ZOO), 12 Thiruvannamalai Nagar, Saravanampat, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, Web Design India Mrs. Latha G. Ravikumar, ZOO/WILD, Coimbatore, India Deputy Chief Editor Typesetng Dr. Neelesh Dahanukar Indian Insttute of Science Educaton and Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra, India Mr. Arul Jagadish, ZOO, Coimbatore, India Mrs. Radhika, ZOO, Coimbatore, India Managing Editor Mrs. Geetha, ZOO, Coimbatore India Mr. B. Ravichandran, WILD/ZOO, Coimbatore, India Mr. Ravindran, ZOO, Coimbatore India Associate Editors Fundraising/Communicatons Dr. B.A. Daniel, ZOO/WILD, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India Mrs. Payal B. Molur, Coimbatore, India Dr. Mandar Paingankar, Department of Zoology, Government Science College Gadchiroli, Chamorshi Road, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra 442605, India Dr. Ulrike Streicher, Wildlife Veterinarian, Eugene, Oregon, USA Editors/Reviewers Ms. Priyanka Iyer, ZOO/WILD, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India Subject Editors 2016–2018 Fungi Editorial Board Ms. Sally Walker Dr. B.
    [Show full text]
  • Letničky Přehled Druhů Zpracováno Podle: Větvička V
    Letničky Přehled druhů Zpracováno podle: Větvička V. & Krejčová Z. (2013) letničky a dvouletky. Adventinum, Praha. ISBN: 80-86858-31-6 Brickell Ch. et al. (1993): Velká encyklopedie květina a okrasných rostlin. Príroda, Bratislava. Kašparová H. & Vaněk V. (1993): Letničky a dvouletky. Praha: Nakladatelství Brázda. (vybrané kapitoly) Botany.cz http://en.hortipedia.com a dalších zdrojů uvedených v úvodu přednášky Vývojová větev jednoděložných rostlin monofyletická skupina zahrnující cca 22 % kvetoucích rostlin apomorfie jednoděložných plastidy sítkovic s proteinovými klínovitými inkluzemi (nejasného významu)* ataktostélé souběžná a rovnoběžná žilnatina listů semena s jednou dělohou vývojová linie Commelinids unlignified cell walls with ferulic acid ester-linked to xylans (fluorescing blue under UV) vzájemně však provázány jen úzce PREZENTACE © JN Řád Commelinales* podle APG IV pět čeledí Čeleď Commelinaceae (křížatkovité) byliny s kolénkatými stonky tropy a subtropy, 40/652 Commelina communis (křížatka obecná) – pěstovaná letnička, v teplých oblastech zplaňuje jako rumištní rostlina Obrázek © Kropsoq, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Commelina_communis_004.jpg/800px- PREZENTACE © JN Tradescantia Commelina_communis_004.jpg © JN Commelina communis (křížatka obecná) Commelinaceae (křížatkovité) Commelina communis (křížatka obecná) Původ: J a JV Asie, zavlečená do S Ameriky a Evropy Stanoviště v přírodě: vlhká otevřená místa – okraje lesů, mokřady, plevel na polích… Popis: Jednoletá dužnatá bylina, výška až 70 cm, lodyhy poléhavé až přímé, větvené, listy 2řadě střídavé, přisedlé až 8 cm dlouhé a 2 cm široké; květy ve vijanech skryté v toulcovitě stočeném listenu, K(3) zelené, C3: 2 modré, třetí okvětní lístek je bělavý, kvete od července do září; plod: 2pouzdrá tobolka Pěstování: vlhká polostinná místa Výsev: teplejší oblasti rovnou ven, jinak předpěstovat Substrát: vlhký propustný, humózní Approximate distribution of Commelina Množení: semeny i řízkováním communis.
    [Show full text]
  • Journalofthreatenedtaxa
    OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa fs dedfcated to bufldfng evfdence for conservafon globally by publfshfng peer-revfewed arfcles onlfne every month at a reasonably rapfd rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org . All arfcles publfshed fn JoTT are regfstered under Creafve Commons Atrfbufon 4.0 Internafonal Lfcense unless otherwfse menfoned. JoTT allows unrestrfcted use of arfcles fn any medfum, reproducfon, and dfstrfbufon by provfdfng adequate credft to the authors and the source of publfcafon. Journal of Threatened Taxa Bufldfng evfdence for conservafon globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Onlfne) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Prfnt) Artfcle Florfstfc dfversfty of Bhfmashankar Wfldlffe Sanctuary, northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, Indfa Savfta Sanjaykumar Rahangdale & Sanjaykumar Ramlal Rahangdale 26 August 2017 | Vol. 9| No. 8 | Pp. 10493–10527 10.11609/jot. 3074 .9. 8. 10493-10527 For Focus, Scope, Afms, Polfcfes and Gufdelfnes vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/About_JoTT For Arfcle Submfssfon Gufdelfnes vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/Submfssfon_Gufdelfnes For Polfcfes agafnst Scfenffc Mfsconduct vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/JoTT_Polfcy_agafnst_Scfenffc_Mfsconduct For reprfnts contact <[email protected]> Publfsher/Host Partner Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2017 | 9(8): 10493–10527 Article Floristic diversity of Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary, northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India Savita Sanjaykumar Rahangdale 1 & Sanjaykumar Ramlal Rahangdale2 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 1 Department of Botany, B.J. Arts, Commerce & Science College, Ale, Pune District, Maharashtra 412411, India 2 Department of Botany, A.W. Arts, Science & Commerce College, Otur, Pune District, Maharashtra 412409, India OPEN ACCESS 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected] (corresponding author) Abstract: Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary (BWS) is located on the crestline of the northern Western Ghats in Pune and Thane districts in Maharashtra State.
    [Show full text]
  • FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Cuphea Ignea Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) 2021. Species Profile Cuphea Ignea. Available From: Http
    FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Cuphea ignea Cuphea ignea System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Plantae Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Myrtales Lythraceae Common name Synonym Cuphea platycentra , Lem.?? Cuphea platycentra , auct. non Benth. Similar species Summary Cuphea ignea is an ornamental plant that has become naturalized in a few cases. This is a major invasive plant of La Réunion where it can become dominant or co-dominant in natural or semi-natural environments and threaten the composition, structure and functioning of ecosystems. view this species on IUCN Red List Principal source: Compiler: Comité français de l'UICN (IUCN French Committee) & IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) Review: Pubblication date: 2008-03-14 ALIEN RANGE [1] REUNION BIBLIOGRAPHY 5 references found for Cuphea ignea Managment information General information Baret, S., Rouget, M., Richardson, D. M., Lavergne, C., Egoh, B., Dupont, J., & Strasberg, D. 2006. Current distribution and potential extent of the most invasive alien plant species on La R?union (Indian Ocean, Mascarene islands). Austral Ecology, 31, 747-758. Summary: L objectif de ce papier est d identifier les zones prioritaires en mati?re de gestion des invasions biologiques ? La R?union en mod?lisant la distribution actuelle et potentiellle d une s?lection de plantes parmi les plus envahissantes. Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) 2021. Species profile Cuphea ignea. Pag. 1 Available from: http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=1276 [Accessed 10 October 2021] FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Cuphea ignea Conservatoire Botanique National De Mascarin (BOULLET V. coord.) 2007. - Cuphea ignea Index de la flore vasculaire de la R?union (Trach?ophytes) : statuts, menaces et protections.
    [Show full text]
  • Garden Pyrotechnics There Are a Number of Cultivars of Plants That Have Names Invoking Fourth of July Celebratory Explosives – fi Reworks, Sparklers, and fi Recrackers
    A Horticulture Information article from the Wisconsin Master Gardener website, posted 1 July 2016 Garden Pyrotechnics There are a number of cultivars of plants that have names invoking Fourth of July celebratory explosives – fi reworks, sparklers, and fi recrackers. Presumably inspired by the traditional bright, explosive fi reworks, plant breeders hope these plants will add some sizzle and excitement to your garden instead of the night sky. Try some of these loud plants if you want to legally own and use some ‘Fireworks’ without the noise and mess this year – and have them around for more than just a fl eeting moment. Explosions in the sky (L) and the garden (R). Fountain grass (Pennisetum) ‘Fireworks’ is a medium- sized, graceful ornamental grass for full sun. The thin leaf blades are variegated with white and green near the base and shades of pink and red along their length. Use this tender perennial grass (zones 9-10) as an annual in annual beds, mixed borders, or containers for its dramatic foliage and showy purple, foxtail blooms that appear The red foliage of ‘Fireworks‘ fountain grass later in the season. provides an explosion of color in the garden. There is another cultivar called ‘Cherry Sparkler’ that starts out with green and white striped foliage, but as the weather gets warmer they turn a pinkish color with pink-purple blooms. ‘Skyrocket’ fountain grass is a variegated green and white version with dull purple ‘Sky Rocket’ fountain grass. fl ower plumes. Globe amaranth (Gomphrena sp.) ‘Fireworks’ is a large annual plant (2-3 feet or more across) that produces massive numbers of small fl owers.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on the Biodiversity of New Amarambalam Reserved Forests of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
    KFRI Research Report No. 247 ISSN 0970-8103 STUDIES ON THE BIODIVERSITY OF NEW AMARAMBALAM RESERVED FORESTS OF NILGIRI BIOSPHERE RESERVE J.K. Sharma K.K.N. Nair George Mathew K.K. Ramachandran E.A. Jayson K. Mohanadas U.N. Nandakumar P. Vijayakumaran Nair Kerala Forest Research Institute Peechi - 680 653, Thrissur, Kerala State November 2002 KFRI Research Report No. 247 ISSN 0970-8103 STUDIES ON THE BIODIVERSITY OF NEW AMARAMBALAM RESERVED FORESTS OF NILGIRI BIOSPHERE RESERVE Final report of the project KFRI 276/97 Sponsored by Ministry of Environment and Forests Govt. of India, New Delhi J.K. Sharma, Director K.K.N. Nair, Scientist, Botany Division George Mathew, Scientist, Entomology Division K.K. Ramachandran, Scientist, Wildlife Biology Division E.A. Jayson, Scientist, Wildlife Biology Division K. Mohanadas, Scientist, Entomology Division U.N. Nandakumar, Scientist, Silviculture Division P. Vijayakumaran Nair, Scientist, FIS Unit Kerala Forest Research Institute Peechi - 680 653, Thrissur, Kerala State November 2002 Contents Summary Acknowledgements Chapter 1. General introduction - - - - - 1 1.1. Study area - - - - - 4 1.2. Historical background - - - - - 5 1.3. Environment and biodiversity - - - - 6 1.4. Objectives - - - - - 12 1.5. Presentation of results - - - - - 13 Chapter 2. Vegetation and floristic diversity - - - - 15 2.1. Introduction - - - - - 15 2.2. Review of literature - - - - - 15 2.3. Materials and methods - - - - - 17 2.4. Results - - - - - 20 2.4.1. Vegetation diversity - - - - 21 2.4.2. Floristic inventory - - - - - 32 2.4.3. Floristic diversity - - - - - 37 2.4.4. Discussion - - - - - 58 Chapter 3. Insect diversity - - - - - 105 3.1. Introduction - - - - - 105 3.2. Review of literature - - - - - 106 3.3. Materials and methods - - - - - 108 3.4.
    [Show full text]
  • Ruksan Bose to Cite This Version
    Influence of past and present environment onthe ecology and biogeography of tree species in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot Ruksan Bose To cite this version: Ruksan Bose. Influence of past and present environment on the ecology and biogeography of tree species in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot. Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy. AgroParisTech, 2017. English. tel-02492736 HAL Id: tel-02492736 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02492736 Submitted on 27 Feb 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. N°: 2017AGPT0007 Doctorat AgroParisTech T H È S E pour obtenir le grade de docteur délivré par L’Institut des Sciences et Industries du Vivant et de l’Environnement (AgroParisTech) Spécialité : Ecosystèmes et Sciences Agronomiques présentée et soutenue publiquement par Ruksan BOSE le 26 Avril 2017 Influence of past and present environment on the ecology and biogeography of tree species in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot Directeur de thèse : Raphaël Pélissier Co-diréction de la thèse : François MUNOZ Jury M. Andréas PRINZING, Professeur, Université de Rennes 1, UMR ECOBIO, Rennes Président M. Dario DE FRANCESCHI, Maître de Conférences, MNHN, UMR PACE, Paris Rapporteur Mme. Priya DAVIDAR, Professeur, Dept.of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Examinatrice Pondicherry University, India M.
    [Show full text]
  • Larval Host Plants of the Butterflies of the Western Ghats, India
    OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use of artcles in any medium, reproducton, and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Monograph Larval host plants of the butterflies of the Western Ghats, India Ravikanthachari Nitn, V.C. Balakrishnan, Paresh V. Churi, S. Kalesh, Satya Prakash & Krushnamegh Kunte 10 April 2018 | Vol. 10 | No. 4 | Pages: 11495–11550 10.11609/jot.3104.10.4.11495-11550 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies and Guidelines visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints contact <[email protected]> Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 10 April 2018 | 10(4): 11495–11550 Larval host plants of the butterflies of the Western Ghats, Monograph India Ravikanthachari Nitn 1, V.C. Balakrishnan 2, Paresh V. Churi 3,
    [Show full text]
  • Cuphea Ignea A
    A Pharmacognostical Study of Cuphea ignea A. DC. Family: Lythraceae, Cultivated in Egypt A Thesis Presented By Walaa Maged Ismail El-Kot Assistant Lecturer Pharmacognosy Department Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacognosy) Under the Supervision of Prof. Dr. Ahlam M. El-Fishawy Professor of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University Prof. Dr. Kadriya S. El Deeb Professor of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University Prof. Dr. Shahira M. Ezzat Professor of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University Pharmacognosy Department Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University Egypt 2020 1 Abstract Cuphea is the largest genus of family Lythraceae with about 260 species of herbaceous perennials and small shrubs. It is distributed from North America in Western and Southern Mexico to South America in Eastern Brazil. Some Cuphea members are widely used in the traditional herbal medicine in treatment of arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias. Cuphea ignea A. DC. is an ornamental shrub native to Mexico and West Indies. The plant is widely grown in the Egyptian gardens and streets for ornamental purposes. Macro- and micromorphological studies were done for the different plant parts. Phytochemical study of the leaves, stems and flowers was performed including preliminary phytochemical screening, investigation of the volatile constituents using headspace solid-phase microextraction analysis, quantitative estimation of the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and UHPLC-Orbitrap HRMS analysis of the secondary metabolites. A biologically-guided study of the in vitro antihypertensive activity was done on the leaves, stems and flowers together with the fractions of the leaves and the stems and revealed the potent inhibition activities of the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves and the methylene chloride fraction of the stems against angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and renin enzyme.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Arizona
    GENETIC AND CYTOGENETIC INVESTIGATIONS IN THE GENUS CUPHEA Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Byrd, Abigail Denniston, 1953- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 26/09/2021 07:13:51 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276451 INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame.
    [Show full text]