WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on ENVIRONMENT and DEVELOPMENT DOI: 10.37394/232015.2021.17.14 Saiful Anwar Matondang

Sustainability Effort of Traditional “Lubuk Larangan” Forbidden Deep Pool Stream

SAIFUL ANWAR MATONDANG Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara, INDONESIA Abstract: This research paper sought the river fish conservation data in Sumatra Island, which applies the local wisdom. An exploration research procedure was carried out toward the traditional “Lubuk Larangan”; a forbidden deep pool stream in preserving the river’s ecology and keep fish stock. The obtained data indicates that Lubuk Larangan cultural tradition revives since 1980. Now many villages in Sumatera have Lubuk Larangan Locations. Locations are scattered in the four provinces of Sumatera, such as West Sumatra, Jambi, Riau and North Sumatra. Data analysis shows that the merged of cultural tradition of Minangkabau of West Sumatera with innovation in handling Lubuk Larangan appeared and the Mandailing community of North Sumatera makes the local concession to improve Lubuk Larangan policy. The local community establishes Lubuk Larangan to restore the destructed environment and keep the life cycles of river fish. It is a sustainability way to overcome the exceeded fishing exploitation in the rivers.

Keywords: sustainability; Lubuk Larangan; fish stock; living cycles; river’s ecology Received: January 13, 2021. Revised: February 15, 2021. Accepted: February 19, 2021. Published: February 24, 2021.

1 Introduction community's members positions, task and obligatory. The village council makes sure the Cultural tradition could be concerned river's physical conditions for the preservation with values and social practices that save people of the Lubuk Larangan [2]. Village council also and environment. One of the traditional creates the Team to find the best fit area for practices in dealing with the environment is to Lubuk Larangan. A survey of location is carried keep the stock of river fish for the future. Lubuk out prior to community members sharing at a Larangan is a unique cultural tradition in meeting, and it helps to members of the meeting Sumatra of Indonesia. It such as prohibited deep to have a consensus. It notes that Lubuk pool stream to sustain fish stock. Local people Larangan needs the affecting factors [3] before call it "Lubuk Larangan". As a forbidden the meeting among the community-arranged. It location to catch fish for a certain period, it is known that a Lubuk Larangan construct teaches the society to sustain the fish stock for involves the sharing information in the the future and protect the stream's environment. community which is useful for determining a The revival of local knowledge to preserve banning fishing [4] location. It noted that the the river’s ecology and fish breeding support the ecological and social considerations [5] also are sustainability effort. In practice the conservation needed to meet the intentions among the could adapt to the cultural tradition of ethnic participants. It found that Lubuk Larangan has groups. Local wisdom is often used as the changed from the past to the present time [6]. It knowledge of the conservation of water may have an innovative model and policy of resources. In practice, Lubuk Larangan in Lubuk Larangan. Sumatra Island sustains the river's ecology's natural resource [1]. This kind of sustainability 2. Problem Statement tradition is both for controlling the over Based on the indigenous wisdom of exploiting the fish stock and regulate the communities in Sumatra Island of Indonesia in mechanisms distribution of natural resources. sustainability of fish stock, this research has two Establishment of Lubuk Larangan has problem statements; the head of the village organises the

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1. How do the local communities use the Sumatera Island to avoid the distinguished of local knowledge to protect the river’s ecology river natural resources for food and water and freshwater fish living cycles? supply. Lubuk Larangan is usually located in a 2. Does the Lubuk Larangan tradition of river recessed, and it is a place for fish to spawn. communities in preserving the freshwater fish The Village Council restricts the fishing activity contribute significantly to sustainability of in specific locations for 8-12 months [9]. It rivers and the potential natural resources ? found that the fishing activity in the isolated location to make the breeding of fish better and 3. Method it saves the natural resources for future use. This study applied an exploration Table 1. Lubuk Larangan in Sumatra and Rivers research procedure in seeking the data on fish preservation through Lubuk Larangan. The No. Regions Rivers 1. Pesisir Selatan, Kapalo Banda River study covered the organisers whose have a great West Sumatra variety of handling techniques for Lubuk 2. Koto Tarusan, West Tarusan River Sumatra Larangan conservation management and the 3. Lima Puluh, West Talagiri, Manggilang, application of the local wisdom. The indigenous Sumatera Kapur Rivers 4. Dharmasyara, West Ngalau Angung River knowledge derive the local communities to Sumatera establish of Lubuk Larangan become the target 5. Lingo Sari, West Punggasan River Sumatra of this study. It took four provinces as samples; 6. Lubuk Beringin, Aliran River Bungo, Jambi West Sumatera, Jambi, Riau and North Sumatra. 7. Kampar, Riau Subayang To complete the details of data gathering, it 8. Mandailing Julu, Batang Gadis River North Sumatra considered the ecological aspect of fish life 9. Panyabungan, North Aek Pohon River cycles [7] and social practices in community. Sumatra The rapidly changes in the environment that Source: Wikipedia Village Council determines Lubuk driven by economic purposes [8] and the Larangan location which makes the community effectiveness of local wisdom in the and outsiders are forbidden to catch the fish for establishment of Lubuk Larangan to protect the a year. Lubuk Larangan as a social practice of river’s ecology and keep the life cycles of fish nature protection [10] and its fish stock which have been used to interpret the data analysis. support the sustainability of nature for human life. It is a application of local knowledge to sustain the river’s ecology. It the social practice of the local wisdom to support the Sustainability of Millennium Goals. The Lubuk Larangan establishment 4. Data Finding takes a solid agreement of local community. The preserved fish stock in Lubuk Larangan in Lubuk Larangan in Sumatera Island is the the Kampung Surau, Dharmasraya Regency of manifestation of local wisdom to protect river’s West Sumatra Province [11] community ecology and keep the river fish stock. Four members made an agreement. Community Provinces in Sumatra have many locations of named it Lubuk Larangan Ngalau Agung. Lubuk Larangan to stop the river’s environment People in Koto Kandis Village of Lengayang destruction and keep the fish stock. It is such a District in Pesisir Selatan Regency of West sustainability effort of local community in Sumatra [12] have practised the Lubuk

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Larangan tradition for many years. The community belief; as in the Islamic religion community has the rivers as the life resources teaching to keep natural harmony and it and made them as Lubuk Larangan [13] for prohibits the exploitation of natural resources preservation. Lubuk Larangan is based on local that make environment damaged. Since the wisdom is to the damaged restore environment communities around the locations are Muslim, it [14]. Additionally, Kampung Koto Kandis of found that the Islam's teaching taught them to West Sumatra is understood Lubuk Larangan as save the environment from damages of human a form of river protection and fish preservation. hands. Scarce local fish [15] is protected in Lubuk Larangan. Village Council invited the Lubuk Larangan for the freshwater communities' leaders to determine the locations fishes protection shows the similarity model must isolated from fish catching for a certain with biodiversity protection [19]. Lacking of period [16 & 17]. modern facilities to reach Lubuk Larangan made the sustainability of fish breeding to be ignored Protect the river’s ecology and sustain for long time. Local communities now could the water fish stock for future with Lubuk create the network of transactions of fish into Larangan takes a local wisdom; it has a legal national and international markets with entity and mutually agreed upon by the leaders' information technology. Lubuk Larangan regulations in the river area. In Minangkabau of tradition may promote the locations as tourism West Sumatera, the mutual agreement includes destinations in Sumatera Island. Many studies Ninik Mamak (elderly and uncles), Village stated that the some of local communities do not Government and Youth Organization. connect the transactions of fishes to outside Application of new technology together with regencies. It found that some the fish trade local village policy makes the effectiveness of transactions are limited only to local in level Lubuk Larangan Model in four provinces of [20]. Some experts reported that local fish Sumatra, Indonesia. contribution is great, however the transactions recorded often ignored by central government. 4. 1. River Fish Life Preservation

Conservation of river fish life plays an important role to sustain food resource. Lubuk Larangan practices are designed for the river fish life preservation. Thus, Lubuk Larangan in Sumatera has revived since 1980. It rises local pride of community of forbidden deep pool stream model to sustain fish stack. The conservation of the freshwater fisheries as food is essential to stop the over-exploitation of the food source from fish stock.

In an ecosystem model it takes the protection and conservation [18]. It is highly recommended to apply a model of conservation for food resources. Conservation involves the social practices and new innovative tools. It found that Lubuk Larangan tradition in Sumatra also has proximity with the social practices and

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Table 2. Types of Fishes in Lubuk Larangan

No Location Local Label In Latin Ordo Family 1. Pesisir Selatan, Garing Fish T. tambroides Cypriniformes Ciprinidae West Sumatera 2. Lubuk Beringin, Semah Fish Tor putitora Cypriniformes Ciprinidae Jambi 3. Lima Puluh, West Dalum Fish Bagarius Yerelli Siluriformes Bagarius Sumatera 4. Dharmasyara, Belido Fish Chitala Osteoglssiformes Notopteridae West Sumatera 5. Kampar, Riau Tilan Fish Mastacembelus Argus Synbranchiformes Mastacembelida e 6. Koto Tarusan, Batu Fish Synanceia verrucosa Scorpaeniformes Synanceiidae West Sumatera 7. Lengayang, West Barau Fish Hampala Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Sumatera macrolepidota 8. Lingo Sari Baung Fish Bagarius rutilus Siluriformes Bagarius Beganti, West Sumatera 9. Mandailing Natal Bajubang Chromobotia Cypriniformes Cobitidae Belang Fish macracanthus Bleeker

4.2. Sustainability of Fish Resources Fish sustainability projects could help the Sustainability of the river environment balance of ecological systems of river and water fish plays an essential role for the environment. A sustainability technique deals people who live near the rivers. For with many procedures such as the spatial scale Sustainability Development for Millennium of commercial fishing processes[30]. Lubuk Goals, some natural resources problems may Larangan in Sumatera Island deals with the concern fish protection and environmental ecology that leverage the socioeconomic factor conservation. A traditional Lubuk Larangan of [30 and 31] of local communities. Pros and Sumatra Island of Indonesia is technical to contra appear in establishing the Lubuk protect the damaged environment and keep the Larangan; it makes the organisers should living cycles of water fish in the streams. This negotiate the conflicts [32] among the tradition keeps the sustainability of fish living community for reduction of exploitation and for the future. Lubuk Larangan is a way of applied conservation projects. sustaining fish resources. It found that the local community has an The pros and contrast of fish effective model of preserving the river’s conservation have made a long debates [21, 22 ecology and fish life cycles with Lubuk 23, and 24]; they have the issues of over- Larangan. Sustain the ecosystem of fish in exploitation, ecosystem modifications, and Lubuk Larangan and get improved ecology of conflicts. A long term project of fish rivers force the organisers of Lubuk Larangan in sustainability [25] for conservation needs a Sumatera to have advances the procedures of careful consideration[26]. Sustainably touches preservation. It is a predictive model that has economic, political and industry aspects. In been run in many locations. The number of fish, addition to sustainability and other breeding technique, feeding system and environmental concerns [27], the Lubuk protection procedures have been made in a Larangan is derived from the local system of minimum standard. It already adopted the having a preservation model. It has great ecological way and it is a local community potential for fish stock management. effort to stop the over-exploited river resources. Lubuk Larangan villages could overcome the

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climate change problem in Sumatera Island. future. A Lubuk Larangan is a traditional model Communities implement the sanctuary that protects the stock of water fish and gives a procedure, and also apply the ritual activity for knowledge of the sustainability of ecological specific conditions. It is often the organisers system surround the river areas. It is a cultural make the collaborative network with leaders and form to preserve the scarce fishes due to the less security forces for having better protection. protected. (2). This research teaches us that a traditional way of preserving the river environment and 5. Conclusions keeping the living cycles of river fish for future can be combined with innovation in growing Data interpretation gives two conclusions: fish and protecting the environment by using (1) . A traditional Lubuk Larangan has a fishery tools. significant impact on the fish stock for the Management in Lima Puluh Kota References Reg, 115–125. 2014. [7]. Lynch, A. J., Cooke, S. J., Deines, A. [1]. Dwi S., & Rachmad, K. Sosiologi M., Bower, S. D., Bunnell, D. B., Lingkungan. Jakarta: Rajawali Press. Cowx, I. G., Beard, T. D. The social, 2012. economic, and environmental [2]. Hendrik. Ikan larangan sebagai importance of inland fish and bentuk kearifan lokal dalam fisheries. Environmental. 2016. pemanfaatan sumber daya perairan [8]. Andrew, N. L., Béné, C., Hall, S. J., umum: Studi kasus pada beberapa Allison, E. H., Heck, S., & Ratner, B. Nagari di Sumatera Barat. Berkala D. Diagnosis and management of Perikanan Terubuk, 35(1), 27–36. small‐scale fisheries in developing 2007. countries. Fish and Fisheries, 8, 227– [3]. Oktaviani, D., Dharmadi & Puspasari, 240. R. Upaya konservasi keanekaragaman https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467‐2679.2 hayati ikan perairan umum daratan di 007.00252.x. 2007. J.Kebijak.Perikan.Ind. 3 Jawa. (1), 27- [9]. Kurniasari, N., Yulisti, M & Yuliaty, 36. 2011. C. Lubuk larangan: Bentuk perilaku

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