Chapter 17

Plantagenet times to Sheffield ca. 1800

600 YEARS FROM THE PLANT NAME’S ORIGINS TO A PLANT’S YARD PLANT FAMILY

October 1998. One of a series of Chapters by Dr. John S. Plant, Keele University, England, ST5 5BG.

parse evidence for 13th century ‘origins’ to the Plant name yields hints of a Plantagenet influ- S ence. Powerful political controversies surrounding Plantagenet-related words may have led to our current need for caution when considering the contemporaneity of various evolving meanings of plant. Trade and war may have influenced both the advent of the Plant name in the north west of England and the Plants’ subsequent advances across the north Midlands, in their progress towards the clearer light that 17th century records bring. The later sections of this Chapter outline the progress of a particular line of Plants from 17th century Cheshire through north Derbyshire to 18th century Sheffield. Their apparent descent inter- sects an environment that includes some key industrial developments.

17.1 A smattering of medieval Plant records

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17.1.1 Some possibly related names

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1The records here considered were taken from the 1984 version of the International Genealogical Index.

21 22 CHAPTER 17. PLANTAGENET TIMES TO SHEFFIELD CA. 1800

Number of IGI records in region Percentage in Lincolnshire

5000 30

25 4000

20 3000

15

2000

10

1000 5

0 0

<=1600 >=1851 1601−1650 1651−1700 1701−1750 1751−1800 1801−1850 1601−16501651−17001701−17501751−18001801−1850

Figure 17.1: Plant records in the 1984 IGI for the region of England indicated in Figure 16.1 (i.e. Yorkshire, Lancashire, Cheshire, Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Lincolnshire, Leicestershire, Staffordshire, Shropshire, Worcestershire Herefordshire, Gloucestershire, Warwickshire, Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, Northamptonshire, Rutland). The total number

of Plants records in this region is shown alongside the variation of the fraction in Lincolnshire.

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2Roy Strong (1996) The Story of Britain, p 72. 3The Oxford English Dictionary (1989) cites usage of the meaning ‘to establish’ for plant from 897 AD. 4Rothwell et al (1922) give ‘to record’ as a meaning of plant in their Anglo-Norman Dictionary. 5Plantebene could be interpreted similarly as a ‘fine establisher’. 6A further definition, given by Dictionnaire Historique de L’ancien Langage Francais (XIIe a´ XIVe siecles)` , is folie (4): attaque tem´ eraire,´ coup de main.

17.1. A SMATTERING OF MEDIEVAL PLANT RECORDS 23

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17.1.2 Emergence of evidence relevant to the NW Plants

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17.1.3 Early ‘Plant related’ names around Norfolk

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7These are referenced out of order under the date 1396 in the Charter Rolls. See also however Rupert H Morris (1893) Chester in the Plantagenet and Tudor Reigns, pps 11 and 484. 8This is usually interpreted as Warwickshire though it might alternatively allude to the river crossing at Warrington and the lands of south Lancashire around Wigan and Manchester castle. 9Though the initial version of this poem was begun ca. 1237 by the French poet William de Lorris, it was continued ca. 1275-80 by Jean de Meung who developed it as a celebration of sex and propagation which fulfilled God’s will and who included religious and philosophical digressions. Elizabeth Hallam (1996) The Plantagenet Encyclopedia: an alphabetic guide to 400 years of English History. 10The Plant blazon is ‘Ar. a label in bend az. in chief a rose gu.’. which translates as ‘Silver (shield), a label sloping diagonally (to the left or to the right), in the top third a red rose (which is a usual position for the bearer’s badge, or for brisure)’. A rose could be brisure for a seventh son, though it seems that the Plant blazon could predate that convention. 11This blazon includes ‘... a label of four points in bend sinister ...’. A.C.Fox-Davies (1929), ‘A Complete Guide to Heraldry, p 154. 12Lt.-Colonel Robert Gayre of Gayre and Nigg (1961) Heraldic Cadency: The Development of Coats of Arms for Kinsmen and Other Purposes, p 105. 13Roses are quite rare in the arms of Leek and east Cheshire families — the few exceptions include roses of various colours on the arms of the Rudyerd, Davenport, and Sherd families. There is a 17th century plaque in Stockport Church to members of the Foley family (cf. the early bye-name Plantefolie) whose arms are ‘a fess ingrailed between 3 roses’. J.P.Earwaker (1877) East Cheshire: Past and Present; or A History of the Hundred of Macclesfield in the County Palatine of Chester, Vol.I, p 358. 24 CHAPTER 17. PLANTAGENET TIMES TO SHEFFIELD CA. 1800

1188-99 Plan' Roger de, Chester’s Charters 1199 Plantebene Ralph, Norfolk, Pipe Rolls 1209 Plantefolie Gilbert, Leic’, Curia Regis 1214 Planet' Susan de, Jelding’ Kent, Curia Regis 1220 Plantan' William, Suff’, Curia Regis 1221 Planetis Ralph de, Kent, Curia Regis 1226 Plantefolie John, Somerset, Curia Regis 1230 Planterose Robert, Warr’ Wigorn’, Curia Regis 1254 Plantin Roger, serjent of E. of Norfolk, Close Rolls 1258 Plantyn Roger, butler of E. of Norfolk, Close Rolls 1258 Plantyn Roger, lands in Norfolk, Patent Rolls 1262 Plaunte William, Essex, Forest Pleas 1263 Plauntefolie Maud, Weston’, Close Rolls 1266 Plauntegenet Galfrido, serjent at arms, Wodestock, Close Rolls 1268 Planteng' Roger, Guldeford’ Norff’, Close Rolls 1270 Plantefolie Adam, Welle Fanerwal’ (co. York), Close Rolls 1273 de la Plaunt and Plaunt, 3 Rouen merchants, Patent Rolls 1275 Plauntes William, Norfolk, Rotuli Hundrederum 1279 Plante William, Cambridge, Rotuli Hundrederum 1282 de Plantes Henry, appeal in Huntingdonshire, Patent Rolls 1285 Plauntain Henry, Patent Rolls 1301 Plant Richard, rights to coal, Ewelowe near Chester, Flint Receipts 1341 le Plaunter Henry, Cambridge-Huntingdon border dispute, Patent Rolls 1342 Plente Walter, Exeter co. Devon, Patent Rolls 1343 Plente John, messuage of land, vicar of the cathedral church of Chichester, Patent Rolls 1343 Plente John, witness at Theydene Boys on release of claim to lands in Theden Boys, Close Rolls 1344 Plant John, son of Alan, of Burgh Marsh co. Lincoln, Patent Rolls 1352 Plant James, and others carried away goods at Welles, Warham and Styvekey co. Norfolk, Patent Rolls 1364 Plente Roger of Exeter, license to take 20 packs of large cloth of divers colours from port of Exeter to Gascony, Spain, and other parts beyond seas; and to return with wine and other merchandise to the ports of London, Suthampton, Sandwich or Exeter, Patent Rolls 1364 Plente Roger, right to be collector of customs at Exeter, Fine Rolls 1364 Plente Roger, searcher of gold and silver exported without license in the county of Devon, assault on, Patent Rolls 1365 Plente Roger, merchant of Exeter, his ship ‘le Ceorge’ of Exmouth, Patent Rolls 1367 Plente Roger, king’s minister in Devon, Patent Rolls 1368 Plente Roger, collector of customs in port of Exeter, Patent Rolls 1386 Plente Reynold, rights to yearly rent had been granted by William Botreaux, knight, the elder, Inquisition at Launceston Cornwall 1386 Plonte William, chaplain (land of prior and convent of Bath), rent in Olveston, Patent Rolls 1393 Plente Reynold, granted rent of 40s for life, Cornwall, Close Rolls 1394 Pleyntif Richard, Somerset, Patent Rolls 1394 Plaint John, aged 60 years or more, witness at Lincoln, had been servant to Master Thomas de Sutton, Calendar of Inquisitions

Table 17.1: Some Medieval Plant related records 17.1. A SMATTERING OF MEDIEVAL PLANT RECORDS 25

plant plan plante 1. plainte, du latin planctus plante 2. (1) endroit plante,´ pepini´ ere` (1375); (2) plante des pieds planter (1) mettre en terre; (2) au pronominal, se jeter plantin planc¸on, bouture plont plomb (1396) folie (1) action ou parole folie, tem´ eraire;´ (2) viol, debauche´ folier agir, parler en fou; folatrer; mener une vie debauch´ ee;´ tromper; errer; injurier folle (i.e. folle du pied) sole du pied, en parlant des cerfs follee´ l’empreinte du pied

Table 17.2: Some Old French definitions (from La Curne de Sainte-Palaye (1879) Dictionnaire Historique de L’ancien Langage Franc¸ois).

fol noun 1a a foolish, stupid, or ignorant person noun 1b a person temporarily foolish: (a) one who is dazed or drunk; (b) one who is duped or deceived noun 2 an impious person, a sinner, a rascal noun 3 a court jester, a buffoon kept by a king or a nobleman for his amusement; also a menial servant fol adj (1) foolish, stupid; (2) sinful, wicked; (3) lecherous, wanton folie noun 1a foolishness, stupidity, dullness; folly, impudence, lack of wisdom noun 1b a foolish act, or course of action plural 1c foolish talk, nonsense; an idle tale; also falsehood, slander noun 2a sinfulness, wrongdoing, sin or crime plural 2b lechery, adultery, fornication noun 3 madness, insanity, anger

Table 17.3: Some Middle English definitions (from Kurath and Kahn (1954) Middle English Dic- tionary). 26 CHAPTER 17. PLANTAGENET TIMES TO SHEFFIELD CA. 1800

PLANT:- set up, furnish, esp. in connection with new colonies. PLANTAIN:- The application of the plantain leaf as a popular remedy for bruises and wounds is constantly referred to in Elizabethan literature. PLANTATION:- colonisation.

Table 17.4: Some Plant related meanings in Shakespeare (1564-1661) (from the Glossary to the Cambridge Text of The Complete Works of William Shakespeare).

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14Subsequently, Bigod quarrelled with Henry III about the tutorship of the young king of Scotland in 1255 and his young queen. 15He maintained however an opposition to the harsh treatment of the disinherited. 16The first earl of Norfolk, Hugh Bigod (?1095-1177), had been given his earldom by the Norman king Stephen in 1135. Even so, he held Norwich against Stephen in 1136 before submitting and being pardoned. In 1141 this Bigod fought for Stephen but joined the party of Henry of Anjou (later the first Plantagenet king, Henry II) by 1153, only to persist with his unruliness such as by joining the rebellion of Henry the young king against his father Henry in 1174. Again, by the mid 13th century, the Bigod earls were showing spasmodic defiance of the crown. 17The younger Roger Bigod, earl of Norfolk, defied the king however in 1297. His title and lands were passed to the king in 1302, being returned to Bigod only for his lifetime, and in 1302 they passed to Edward II’s half brother, Thomas Brotherton. F.M.Powicke (1947), King Henry II and the Lord Edward, pps 336, 342, 422, 432, 472, 506, 541, 707, 768. John E Morris (1901), The Welsh Wars of Edward I, pps 133, 162. 18Joseph Wright (1898) The English Dialect Dictionary. 19The Oxford English Dictionary cites usage of the term Engla lande from 890 AD. 17.1. A SMATTERING OF MEDIEVAL PLANT RECORDS 27

17.1.4 An early French connection, Chester, Exeter and Lincolnshire

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20cf. Ernest Weekly (1916), Surnames, p 185, who alludes to an occurrence of a John de la Plaunt in the 13th century Patent Rolls and interprets it as ‘from the plantation’. 21Robert H.S.Robertson (1991) Fuller’s Earth: A History of Calcium Montmorillonite, p 97. May McKisack (1959) The Fourteenth Century 1307-1399, pps 350-9. 22The main trade from Chester, it seems, was with Ireland and Chester’s importance as a port apparently peaked around 1350 to 1450. 23The possibility has already been mentioned of a link with SE Plants, perhaps arising with for example the earl of Norfolk Roger Bigod’s command of Flint at the time of the 1277 Welsh War. 24In the June of 1282, Richard de Grey was sent to cover the left flank of Edward I’s advance through Flint from Chester at a castle which, though difficult to read, seems to have been Ewloe close to the estuary of the River Dee. John E. Morris (1901) The Welsh Wars of Edward I, pps 161-2. 25W.K.Plant, private communication. 26At the naval battle of Sluys, on 24 July 1340, the fleet of Edward III defeated that of Philip IV of France in the first major battle of the so-called ‘Hundred Years War’. Though 30 French ships escaped during the night, more than 200 were captured. Edward III directed the battle from his great ship, the ‘Cog Thomas’. 27Henry Grosmont’s daughters, Maud and Blanche, were born around that time at Lancaster, in 1339 and 1345 (Inter- national Genealogical Index, 1984). It was Blanche who was later to give birth, at Bolingbroke in Lincolnshire, to Henry Bolingbroke who was to become the first king of the royal House of Lancaster. 28 CHAPTER 17. PLANTAGENET TIMES TO SHEFFIELD CA. 1800

THOMAS SON AND HEIR OF HUGH DE SWYNFORD

432 Writ to the escheator in the county of Lincoln to take proof of the age of the said Thomas, who is said to have been born in Lincoln and baptised in the church of that town; and to warn Katherine de Swynford, in whose custody are the lands etc. of the inheritance of the said Thomas by commitment of Edward III, to be present at the proof. 27 February, 17 Richard II.

THOMAS SON OF HUGH DE SWYNFORD

576 LINCOLN. Proof of age taken at Lincoln, Friday ..., 18 Richard II.

John Plaint, aged 60 years or more, says that the said Thomas was born at Lincoln on the feast of St Matthias, 47 Edward III and baptised the next day in the church of St Margaret in the Close, on which day the said John was servant to Master Thomas de Sutton, clerk, godfather of the said Thomas de Swynford, and brought fire to light the candle.

(followed by testimony from 11 others)

Table 17.5: Some extracts from the Calendar of Inquisitions

17.1.5 A possible link between Lincoln and east Cheshire

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28Sir Thomas de Swynford (b 1373) was a half brother to the four Beaufort children of Catherine Swynford and John of Gaunt and he is listed amongst the 30 strong Lancastrian contingent of John of Gaunt at the famous 1390 jousts of St Inglevert for the honour of France. Anthony Goodman (1992) John of Gaunt: The Exercise of Princely Power in Fourteenth Century Europe, p 146. 29Following the three Edwards, the last king of the so-called royal ‘House of Plantagenet’, Richard II, became king in 1377 at the age of 10 with Edward II’s fourth son, John of Gaunt, who had been close to the eldest son Edward The Black Prince (d 1376), leading the Parliament. The government of John of Gaunt became unpopular in the south east of England, at the time of the peasants revolt of 1381. However John had married Blanche (Plantagenet) of Lancaster in 1359 and he thereby came to father the succeeding Plantagenet cadet line of the so-called royal ‘House of Lancaster’ (1399-1461). 30Elizabeth Hallam (1996) The Plantagenet Encyclopedia; an alphabetic guide to 400 years of English History. May McKisack (1959) The Fourteenth Century 1307-1399, pps 393, 442, 493, 490, 530. Anthony Goodman (1992) John of Gaunt, especially pps 50, 179, 363.

17.1. A SMATTERING OF MEDIEVAL PLANT RECORDS 29

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h 38

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31J.P.Earwaker (1877) ibid, Vol. I, p47. 32Simon Walker (1990) The Lancastrian Affinity 1361-1399, pps 33, 209, 217, 229, 400. 33Thomas de Sutton was a son of John de Sutton of Sutton and Disley (d 1362) who was a Forester of Macclesfield Forest in 1358. One of the descendants of this family founded Brasenose College, Oxford. J.P.Earwaker (1877) ibid, Vol.II, p 443. 34By around 1380, the name Plont was hereditary and well established in the pennine foothills of East Cheshire, which included the royal hunting forest of Macclesfield and the vicinity of Wincle near where the parish of Prestbury (East Cheshire) joins that of Leek (North Staffordshire). W.K.Plant, private communication. 35W.K.Plant, private communication. 36Disputes with other houses and gross financial mismanagement led to this Abbey’s bankruptcy in the 1270s and again in 1410. 37J.T.Leach (1996) Coal Mining around Quarnford, Staffordshire Studies, Vol 8, pps 66-95. 38This is implicit in the the peasants revolt in the south east, for example. 39Simon Walker (1990) The Lancastrian Affinity 1361-1399, pps 4, 142, 141-234. 30 CHAPTER 17. PLANTAGENET TIMES TO SHEFFIELD CA. 1800

17.1.8 Some possibly related spellings

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17.1.9 Some Plants of the Cheshire-Staffordshire borders

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40It might also be relevant to note that pleinte is an old French spelling of plainte, meaning complaint. Alternatively, it could be noted that there was a place name Pleuent or Pelynt in Cornwall. Such considerations might then be taken to relate to the existence of the modern Cornish surname Plint. 41The 1614 visitation of Staffordshire has left a record of the arms and pedigree of the family Bentley of The Ashes and this includes the 1429 marriage of Henry Bentley to Jone Plent. Wm. Salt Archaeological Society (1884) Collections for a History of Staffordshire, Vol.III, p 34. 42In 1459, Queen Margaret of Anjou gathered ‘red rose’ levies, it seems, mostly from Cheshire who were defeated by a smaller but well trained force of Yorkists at the battle of Blore Heath near the border of north Staffordshire with Shropshire. There is no known early evidence of a Plantefolie here — though Folly Plantation adjoins this battle site, the so-named coppice, if not the name, appears to date from later times. I am grateful to Martin Phillips, Assistant Director of Keele Information Services, for drawing my attention an article by Ian Rowney (1980), Medieval Chroniclers and the battle of Bloor Heath, North Staffordshire Journal of Field Studies, Vol 20, pps 9-17. 43Col. Francis R. Twemlow (Wolverhampton 1912), The Battle of Blore Heath. 44John Sleigh (1862) A History of the Ancient Parish of Leek, in Staffordshire, p 159. 45This addition is described as ‘on a canton a rose or., in a field gules’. 46John Sleigh (1862) ibid, p 33. 17.1. A SMATTERING OF MEDIEVAL PLANT RECORDS 31

Percentage in Cheshire Percentage in Staffordshire

50 50

45 45

40 40

35 35

30 30

25 25

20 20

15 15

10 10

5 5

0 0

1601−1650 1651−1700 1701−1750 1751−1800 1801−1850 1601−1650 1651−1700 1701−1750 1751−1800 1801−1850

Percentage in Derbyshire Percentage in Lancashire

50 50

45 45

40 40

35 35

30 30

25 25

20 20

15 15

10 10

5 5

0 0

1601−1650 1651−1700 1701−1750 1751−1800 1801−1850 1601−1650 1651−1700 1701−1750 1751−1800 1801−1850

Figure 17.2: Plant records in the 1984 IGI (cf. Figure 17.1). Changing fractions in Cheshire, Staffordshire, Derbyshire, and Lancashire. 32 CHAPTER 17. PLANTAGENET TIMES TO SHEFFIELD CA. 1800

17.2 Origins through Derbyshire for the Sheffield Plants

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47The ‘Branside’ mentioned here apparently refers to the pennine slopes of East Cheshire, perhaps around Wincle — this is near a modern location called Brand Side which is just to the south of Buxton in NE Derbyshire. Also near Wincle, in East Cheshire, lies Gawsworth Hall. 48David Hey (1987), ibid, p 79. 49It should be added however that the first Plants in north Derbyshire did not arrive with a mass migration at that time, since it is known that there was already at least one Plant at Bakewell, near Great Longstone, a century earlier in 1538 (Chapter 11). 50The Plant records in the 1984 IGI, as summarised in Figure 17.1, may exclude significant communities of Plants and, to this extent, the results indicated in Figure 17.2 could be an inaccurate representation of the full picture of Plant 17.2. ORIGINS THROUGH DERBYSHIRE FOR THE SHEFFIELD PLANTS 33

Figure 17.3: A modern map of Derbyshire, showing in particular the high ground of the Peak District in NW Derbyshire — this formed a natural barrier between the main body of 17th and 18th century Plants (which were in the Cheshire-Staffordshire borderlands, at the left side of the map) and a smaller cluster of Plants at Great Longstone (which is not shown but which lies to the east near the shown locations of Ashford-in-the-Water and Bakewell). Further to the east is Chesterfield (NE Derbyshire), which then lies about 10 miles south of Sheffield (not shown, in South Yorkshire). The new county of Greater Manchester (top left) came into being in 1974 and, similarly, South Yorkshire was formerly part of Yorkshire. (10 km = 6.2 miles) (after Joy Childs (1987) A History of Derbyshire). 34 CHAPTER 17. PLANTAGENET TIMES TO SHEFFIELD CA. 1800

Figure 17.4: Geological profile of North Derbyshire; showing (top) the Dark Peak (left) followed by the limestone outcrops (White Peak) between Buxton and Bakewell; and (bottom) the bassetting

of coal and ironstone to the east between Chesterfield and Duckmanton

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17.2.2 Great Longstone Plants and ‘planting’ engines

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17.2.3 The local Eyre gentry

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51Nellie Kirkham (1968), Derbyshire Lead Mining through the Centuries, p 88. 52It was in particular the Eyres of Hassop in Great Longstone parish who became pre-eminent by the 17th century as Roman Catholics and Royalists, subsequently facing financial ruin by sequestration as recussants. 53Whilst the Hassops Eyres made the ruinous mistake of declaring themselves as Royalists at the time of the Civil War, the Highlow Eyres became almost as notorious as Parliamentarians. S.C.Newton (1966), The Gentry of Derbyshire in the 17th Century, Derbyshire Archaeological Journal, Vol 86, pps 1-30.

36 CHAPTER 17. PLANTAGENET TIMES TO SHEFFIELD CA. 1800

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17.2.4 Sheffield descendants of Wm(0) of Duckmanton

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54The common ancestor of the Edale and Highlow Eyres was Christopher Eyre of Highlow. His grandson Thomas Eyre of Edale left a widow who remarried Rowland Eyre of Hassop (d 1625-6). The common ancestor of the Eyres of Highlow, Edale, Rampton, Newbold, and Hassop was Robert Eyre I of Padly, who died in 1459/60. Rosamund Meredith (1964), The Eyres of Hassop 1470-1640, Derbyshire Archaeological Journal, LXXXIV, pps 1-51 and continued as (1965), LXXXV, pps 44-91. 55In smelting furnaces, the blast was supplied artificially by bellows worked by men’s feet or by water power and Humphrey maintained that his furnaces were constructed and worked on an improved method. 56Before then, it is only within the context of uncertain 17th century Plant family relationships that we may say that Duckmanton Plants may have come to Sheffield to take up Broom Hall land (Chapter 11) in the wake of connections between the Highlow Eyres and their neighbours the Great Longstone Plants, who married into Eyres who were apparently from the Edale branch of that family.

57   By 1768, it appears that it may have been  son James who was apprenticed in Coalpit Lane, though the apprenticeship record refers to his father as a carpenter William Plant of ‘Branside, Prestbury’. It appears that there 17.2. ORIGINS THROUGH DERBYSHIRE FOR THE SHEFFIELD PLANTS 37

William offspring may have

¡£¢¥¤ bap 15.2.1650 included  Figure 17.6 Gt Longstone bap 1696 Gawsworth, or 1698 Leek, or 1706 Leek

offspring could have John included Ruth (bap 1737) bap 16.2.1689 Edensor of first known Sheffield Plant record Anthony Robert m 1.5.1648 bap 30.1.1652 Gt Longstone Gt Longstone Emm Pidcock ?m Dorothy H Robert ?m(2) Alicia bap 6.3.1727 Edensor ?m(3) (8/18).10.1686 m 12.1.1764 Edensor at Edensor Anne Eyre Ann Cresswell or Cawsrell Michael bap 19.10.1697 Edensor ?m 30.3.1725 Beeley Sarah Bolton Thomas bap 9.9.1739 Edensor ?m 1.1.1766 Edensor Mary Eyre

Figure 17.5: A simple Great Longstone contention for the ancestry of Wm(0) who became the stirp of the Duckmanton Plants

John bricklayer Figure 25.6 bap 1.1.1734 Duckmanton to Rotherham then Little Sheffield

James

yeoman (cf. Figure 17.7) two of his sons came to

   William of Duckmanton —  bap 29.6.1740 Duckmanton Sheffield (Chapter 14) brickmaker possibly the James apprenticed m 12.12.1725 Ault Hucknall in Sheffield in 1768

Ann Webster

 §¥£   Benjamin — ¦¨§ © bur 29.9.1769 Duckmanton bellows maker bap 5.11.1742 Duckmanton

to Sheffield then Little Sheffield

   his eldest son  Thomas settled near Sheffield

farmer (Figure 20.4(a))

   bap 26.12.1745 Duckmanton  was probably to Clowne the father of the shoemaker William

Figure 17.6: Descent of Sheffield Plants from Wm(0) of Duckmanton 38 CHAPTER 17. PLANTAGENET TIMES TO SHEFFIELD CA. 1800

Figure 17.7: A page from the 1782 accounts of the Gregory Mine partners, including a payment of 13/- in settlement of James Plant’s bill and a licence payment to Boulton & Watt, in respect of their patent, of 10/- per 10,000 strokes of the steam engine.

17.3. A RESUM´ E´ OF ORIGINS AND THE PLANT’S YARD PLANTS 39

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58It was probably sons of this same James, the yeoman James Plant of Duckmanton (Figure 17.6), who inherited the

¦¨§¥©  §££    

Little Sheffield site of Plant’s Yard in the early 19th century from their uncle  (Chapter 14). Another

   ¦ § ©  §¥£       nephew  of was a son of the farmer Thomas Plant of Clowne and appears to have been the father of the Sheffield shoemaker William, as will be outlined later. 59Frank Noxon (1969), The Industrial Archaeology of Derbyshire, p 49. 60May McKisack (1959) The Fourteenth Century 1307-99, pps 371-2.

40 CHAPTER 17. PLANTAGENET TIMES TO SHEFFIELD CA. 1800

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17.3.2 A possible early association with lead and silver

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61The rich lead and silver deposits of Flintshire had earlier been won from the Deceangli and brought under the control of the nearby Roman settlement of Deva (i.e. Chester) in about 70 AD. ‘Pigs’ of lead were cast in Flintshire and brought down the Dee and up the Mersey to be reworked in the workshops of Wilderspool (just south of Warrington in NW Cheshire), which was a major Roman centre of import and export with furnaces for the working of lead and iron. This historic settlement was in decline, however, by the end of the 3rd century AD. Alan Crosby (1996), A History of Cheshire, pps 21, 24-5. 62The Manor of Ashford was the subject of an unsuccessful petition to Edward I in 1292 when the widow of the lord of Powys (north Wales) claimed entitlement to the whole of it, though the Magna Carta (1215) entitled her, through her late husband’s estate, to a third. Sir Maurice Powicke (1962) The Thirteenth Century 1216-1307, pps 326 and 510. 63When Edward I returned from a long absence in Gascony (1288-9) to England at the height of his fame, he came to Chesterfield (NE Derbyshire) in 1290, continuing through Tideswell and Chapel-en-le-Frith (north Derbyshire) to Macclesfield (east Cheshire) before returning via Tideswell and Ashford. 64Nellie Kirkham (1968) Derbyshire Lead Mining through the Centuries, pps 100-1. 65W.K.Plant, private communication 66There is specific mention of rent at Olveston. 67When lead was needed for the repair of the Great Hall of Westminster around 1390, the king’s contractors obtained it from Derby, Nottingham, and Yorkshire.

17.3. A RESUM´ E´ OF ORIGINS AND THE PLANT’S YARD PLANTS 41

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17.3.3 Plants and a developing meaning of plant

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42 CHAPTER 17. PLANTAGENET TIMES TO SHEFFIELD CA. 1800

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68Around the start of the 18th century, John Eyre changed his name to John Gell of Hopton on inheriting, through his mother, the Gell fortunes. This John Eyre’s son, Philip Gell, became co-owner of Broom Hall near Sheffield.

69

   In particular, a likely scheme for the ancestry of the stirp  of the Plant’s Yard Plants of Sheffield suggests that he may have been the same William as the carpenter William Plant who was apparently baptised in the main Cheshire-

Staffordshire homeland of 17th century Plants. There are three known suitable baptisms within the adjoining parishes of

  

Leek and Prestbury, which are around 15 miles to the west of Great Longstone. By 1725,  had settled 15 miles to

     Great Longstone’s east, near Chesterfield. It may have been  cousin John from Great Longstone who appears in the first known Sheffield Plant record, in 1737 (Chapter 15). 70This was quite possibly the site of ‘Late Plant yard’.