Botanist Interior 43.1

2005 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 81 NOTEWORTHY COLLECTIONS: MINNESOTA AND WISCONSIN David J. Schimpf and Deborah L. Pomroy Olga Lakela Herbarium Department of Biology University of Minnesota Duluth, MN 55812-3003 [email protected] Rumex stenophyllus Ledeb. (Polygonaceae). Narrowleaf Dock. Previous knowledge: Rumex stenophyllus is a herbaceous perennial native to moist, often saline, soils from central Europe to central Asia (Löve & Bernard 1958). Its known naturalized North American range (Löve & Bernard 1958, USDA 2004) comes nearest to Wisconsin in the Twin Cities area of Minnesota (Ownbey & Morley 1991). Significance. Two populations of R. stenophyllus were found in Superior, Wisconsin, apparently the first known for the state. Both included numerous individuals in tall weedy herbaceous vegetation on upland clay soil. A soil test of the Catlin site found the electrical conductivity to be 0.3 dS/m, which is a non- saline value (Lal 2002). 1 WISCONSIN. DOUGLAS CO.: W of Catlin Ave., at ca. 2400 block, Superior, SE ⁄4 Sec. 23, T49N R14W, 27 Jul 2003, Schimpf 343 (DUL, SUWS, WIS); former petroleum tank farm, 1 Superior, SE ⁄4 Sec. 16, T49N R14W, 27 Jul 2003, Schimpf 344 (WIS). Acer platanoides L. (Aceraceae). Norway Maple. Previous knowledge. Acer platanoides is a shade-tolerant, deciduous tree native to Europe and cultivated in North America (Gleason & Cronquist 1991). It is escaped or naturalized in states east of Minnesota or in the Pacific Northwest (USDA 2004), as well as in eastern Canada (Scoggan 1978). Although shown as occurring outside of cultivation in Minnesota by USDA (2004), wild Minnesota specimens of A. platanoides were not found in the collections at DUL or MIN previous to this work. Significance. Acer platanoides individuals over a full range of sizes were found in wooded public land along Chester Creek, Duluth, Minnesota. This may be evidence of naturalization in Minnesota, although cultivated seed sources re- main nearby. A search of the similar ravine of Tischer Creek, about 2.5 km to the NE, found no wild A. platanoides there. 82 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 44 1 MINNESOTA. ST. LOUIS CO.: large fruiting tree below 4th St. bridge, Duluth, NW ⁄4 Sec. 23, T50N R14W, 30 Aug 2003, Schimpf 346 (DUL, MIN). Sedum spurium Bieb. (Crassulaceae). Two-row Stonecrop. Previous knowledge. Sedum spurium is a mat-forming herbaceous succulent perennial native to the Caucasus Mountains (Clausen 1975). It is widely cultivated, and among the 10 alien Sedum species regarded by Clausen (1975) as being somewhat well naturalized in North America. Records for three counties in Michigan (Voss 1985) appear to be the known escapes or naturalizations nearest to Minnesota. Significance. Sedum spurium was found on two rock outcrops in Duluth, Minnesota, apparently the first record outside of cultivation for the state. These are gently sloping basalts, covering several square meters, that receive runoff and seepage from soil. The outcrops are about 50 m apart, each surrounded by shrubby or tall herbaceous vegetation on three sides and an alley on the lower side. We infer that S. spurium may have been deliberately introduced there, because there were other non-native Sedum species on one of the outcrops (see below), but the outcrops did not abut maintained grounds or appear to have re- ceived recent caretaking. MINNESOTA. ST. LOUIS CO.: above alley between 6th St. & 7th St., NE of 20th Ave. E, 1 1 Duluth, SE ⁄4 SW ⁄4 Sec. 14, T50N R14W, 8 Jul 2001, Schimpf 314 (DUL, MIN). Sedum reflexum L. (Crassulaceae). Jenny’s Stonecrop. Previous knowledge. Sedum reflexum is a rhizomatous herbaceous succulent perennial native from Europe to North Africa (Clausen 1975). It is widely cultivated, and among the 10 alien Sedum species regarded by Clausen (1975) as being somewhat well naturalized in North America. This species seems not to have been reported outside of cultivation in Michigan, Minnesota, or Wisconsin (USDA 2004), or in Canada near Minnesota (Scog- gan 1978). Significance. Sedum reflexum was found on a rock outcrop in Duluth, Min- nesota, apparently the first record outside of cultivation for the state. It was found on the southwestern outcrop of the two described above for S. spurium, less abundant than the S. spurium or Sedum kamtschaticum Fischer & Meyer that also grew there but flowering more freely than either of these other species. Its co-occurrence with these other Sedum species grown for ornament suggests that it may have been deliberately introduced to the site, but it does not appear to be actively maintained. MINNESOTA. ST. LOUIS CO.: above alley between 6th St. & 7th St., NE of 20th Ave. E, 1 1 Duluth, SE ⁄4 SW ⁄4 Sec. 14, T50N R14W, 8 Jul 2001, Schimpf 315 (DUL, MIN). Echinops exaltatus Schrader (Asteraceae). Tall Globe-thistle. Previous knowledge. Echinops exaltatus is a herbaceous perennial native to Siberia (Scoggan 1979); it has rarely been reported as growing in North Amer- ica outside of cultivation for ornament (Scoggan 1979, USDA 2004), but this may stem in part from misidentification as E. sphaerocephalus L. (Bailey 1949). Echinops sphaerocephalus may be distinguished by the presence of glandular 2005 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST 83 hairs on its herbage (Bailey 1949, Gleason & Cronquist 1991), which E. exaltatus lacks. Although USDA (2004) shows E. sphaerocephalus as recorded from Minnesota, no within-state collections of either that species or E. exaltatus were held by DUL or MIN previous to this discovery. Significance. A population of about 150 flowering individuals of E. exaltatus, up to 2 m tall, was found in tall perennial herbaceous upland vegetation just north of Duluth, Minnesota, apparently the first record outside of cultivation for the state. There were also non-flowering individuals, including small ones that appeared to have established on disturbed ground recently. Proximity to other perennials cultivated for ornament suggested that the species had escaped from an abandoned garden and was continuing to spread slowly. 1 1 MINNESOTA. ST. LOUIS CO.: Rice Lake Township, SE ⁄4 SE ⁄4 Sec. 25, T51N R14W, not yet in flower, 18 Aug 2004, Schimpf 381 (DUL, MIN); same location, in flower, 27 Aug 2004, Schimpf 389 (DUL, MIN). Digitalis grandiflora Miller (Scrophulariaceae or Plantaginaceae in some recent classifications). Large Yellow Foxglove. Previous knowledge. Digitalis grandiflora is a biennial or perennial native to Eurasia, documented outside of cultivation in the northern Great Lakes in two counties in upper Michigan and in Duluth, Minnesota (Walton & Schimpf 1999). The Minnesota population was noted to be small (Walton & Schimpf 1999). Significance. A 1978 collection made north of Hoyt Lakes, Minnesota, was determined at that time as Digitalis lanata Ehrh., but recently annotated by Pom- roy as D. grandiflora. It is labeled as uncommon in a roadside ditch. In 2004 D. grandiflora was found at the same location to have 800–1000 flowering stems scattered across a few hectares, in upland boreal forest as well as in roadside ditches. Because these attractive plants may be hazardous to cardiac health (Walton & Schimpf 1999), this demonstration of extensive population growth and spread should be more widely known. MINNESOTA. ST. LOUIS CO.: along both sides of highway 666 between Hoyt Lakes and 1 1 mine, NW ⁄4 SE ⁄4 Sec. 20, T59N R14W, 2 Jul 1978, Evers 71 (DUL); same location, 23 Jul 2004, Pomroy & Barnes 1992 (MIN); Pomroy & Barnes 1993 (DUL). Geranium sanguineum L. (Geraniaceae). Bloody Cranesbill. Previous knowledge. Geranium sanguineum is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial native to Europe (Shishkin 1949) that was introduced to North Amer- ica for ornamental cultivation. It is known outside of cultivation in several north- eastern states, with the collection site closest to Minnesota being in the upper peninsula of Michigan (USDA 2004). A 1981 collection from just north of Du- luth, Minnesota was labeled as rare in turf; this has been the only known speci- men for the state. Significance. The 1981 site for G. sanguineum was re-visited. It was found to have several dense colonies roughly 1 m in diameter each, plus a few small flowering colonies in short herbaceous vegetation and small non-flowering individuals where soil had been disturbed recently, both within a few meters of the large 84 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 44 colonies. The species seems to have spread on this upland setting since 1981, but not a long distance. Although the petals are described in most standard refer- ences as blood-red, reddish purple, magenta, crimson, or less commonly pink to white, the plants collected in 2004 had corollas that are on the blue side of purple, within the color range described by Bailey (1949); flowers of this species in local gardens had a similar bluish cast. 1 1 MINNESOTA. ST. LOUIS CO.: Rice Lake Township, SE ⁄4 SE ⁄4 Sec. 25, T51N R14W, 3 Jul 1981, Farrell 44 (DUL); same location, 1 Jul 2004, Schimpf 364 (DUL, MIN). Cotoneaster acutifolius Turcz. var. lucidus (Schldl.) L. T. Lu (Rosaceae). Shiny Cotoneaster. Previous knowledge. Cotoneaster acutifolius var. lucidus is a deciduous shrub native to portions of China and Russia, often on rocky slopes (Lu & Brauch 2003). It is introduced to North America for ornamental cultivation. The collection sites from outside of cultivation that are closest to Minnesota are in southeastern Wisconsin (Wisflora 2005) and southern Manitoba (Scog- gan 1978). Significance. A single plant, fruiting abundantly, was found in Duluth, Min- nesota, apparently the first collection from outside of cultivation in the state. It was growing in thin soil atop a large mass of rough concrete, exposed to full sun, on the former site of a steel mill and cement manufacturer. MINNESOTA. ST. LOUIS CO.: shrub 1.5 m tall near base of abandoned industrial spur into 1 1 St. Louis River, Duluth, SW ⁄4 NE ⁄4 Sec.

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