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Volume 8 May 2007 SMALL WARS JOURNAL Small Wars Journal – Vol 8, May 2007 SWJ Magazine1 Volume 8 May 2007 SMALL WARS JOURNAL www.smallwarsjournal.com AAADVISING IIINDIGENOUS FFFORCES Captain Ryan T. Kranc IIINTRODUCTION ::: IIIN THE MEDIUM TERM As the Long War continues, reaching its An Iraq that is in the lead defeating tactical, operational, and strategic objectives terrorists and insurgents and providing its requires training and advising the security own security, with a constitutional, elected forces of Iraq and Afghanistan to take control government in place, providing an inspiring of their country from insurgents, sectarian example to reformers in the region, and well violence, and lawlessness. General George Casey said in September 2005 that "The sooner we can shift [to Iraqi security forces] the better. A smaller U.S. footprint, that is allowed to BLOGGING STRO NG decline gradually as Iraqi forces get stronger, Our Surge (SWJ-rear) proceeds well. The all-star actually helps us." 1 The November 2005 crew of bloggers continues to grow at the SWJ Blog, www.smallwarsjournal.com/blog/ . The National Security Council publication, The Small Wars Council survived its recent forum National Strategy for Victory in Iraq emphasized expansion and continues to grow, fast that point, quantifying victory in Iraq according approaching 1,000 members. to three distinct time metrics: This edition of the SWJ Magazine is, again, later than our authors deserve. We will adjust our IIIN THE SHORT TERM methods for vol 9 to get better throughput. We have many more quality articles tee’d up and An Iraq that is making steady progress in yearning to be read. This issue also debuts the fighting terrorists and neutralizing the first fruits of collaboration with CALL, in two insurgency, meeting political milestones; articles that are being co-published. building democratic institutions; standing up Feel free to send money so we can buy admin robust security forces to gather intelligence, help or at least lots of caffeine. And keep those destroy terrorist networks, and maintain articles, comments, and posts coming! We’re security; and tackling key economic reforms humbled and massively energized that SWJ is so strong and has so many quality members. to lay the foundation for a sound economy. Dave Dilegge Bill Nagle Editor in Chief Publisher 1 A Shift on Iraq , Washington Post, David Ignatius, September 26, 2005 www.smallwarsjournal.com 2 Vol 8, May 2007 – Small Wars Journal on its way to achieving its economic potential. SWJ Magazine and the Small Wars Journal are published by Small Wars Journal LLC. IIIN THE LONGER TERM COPYRIGHT © 2007 by Small Wars Journal LLC. An Iraq that has defeated the terrorists Permission is granted to print single copies for personal, and neutralized the insurgency. non-commercial use. Additional terms of use are posted at www.smallwarsjournal.com . An Iraq that is peaceful, united, stable, No FACTUAL STATEMENT should be relied upon without democratic, and secure, where Iraqis have further investigation on your part sufficient to satisfy you the institutions and resources they need to in your independent judgment that it is true. govern themselves justly and provide security for their country. Contact: [email protected] An Iraq that is a partner in the global war [email protected] on terror and the fight against the Visit www.smallwarsjournal.com proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, integrated into the international community, an engine for regional economic continuing to improve the competence of the growth, and proving the fruits of democratic Republic of Korea Army. 4 In September 1950 governance to the region. 2 Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG), The result of this command emphasis on Indochina was established to advise the French developing indigenous forces capable of taking in their fight with the Viet Minh. By 1968, the the lead in security and stability operations peak of the Vietnam conflict, the number of within their country stimulated the parallel advisors at the battalion or below level had development of 200 Military Transition Teams reached an apex of 9,430 soldiers. (MiTT) by February of 2005. Each MiTT has 12 Additionally, before deployment, potential officers and NCOs advising Iraq battalions, advisors were schooled through the Military brigades, and divisions. According to a Assistance Training Advisors (MATA) course, a February 2006 media event regarding MiTT four-week course that incorporated both structure and future, there were somewhere in language and counterinsurgency training. 5 the arena of 2000 US soldiers on MiTTs, with Indeed, the United States has in excess of fifty 5,000 as “a fair estimate” 3 for those who will years experience as advisors in Korea, Vietnam, eventually serve in the MiTT capacity. El Salvador, and a number of other countries around the globe. We have done this before. On 1 July 1949 the United States Military Advisory Group to the Republic of Korea (KMAG) was established in order to replace the Provisional Military Advisory Group (PMAG) and tasked with 4 Ramsey, Robert D III, Occasional Paper #18, Advising Indigenous 2 National Strategy for Victory in Iraq , National Security Council, Forces: American Advisors in Korea, Vietnam and El Salvador, 2006, p. November 2005, p. 3 15 3 Military Transition Team Training Shifts to Riley , Army Times , 5 Krepinevich, Andrew, The Army and Vietnam , 1986, Baltimore, The Michelle Tan, February 23, 2006 Johns Hopkins University Press www.smallwarsjournal.com Small Wars Journal – Vol 8, May 2007 3 INININ THIS ISSUE Advising Indigenous Forces 1 by CPT Ryan T. Kranc co-published with Center for Army Lessons Learned Building Indigenous Security Forces That Reflect the Realities of METTMETT----TCTCTCTC 8 by MAJ Rob Thornton co-published with Center for Army Lessons Learned Conflict Prevention and the Evolution of Economic Policy in the National Security Strategy: 19911991----20062006 21 by Dr. David A. Anderson and Major Elisabeth P. Stringer Iraq & the Americas: 3 GEN Gang Lessons and Prospects 26 by Robert J. Bunker and John P. Sullivan Progressive Reconstruction 30 Melding Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare with Nation Building – Stability Operations by Maj Karl C. Rohr Reconsidering “Why Dr. Johnny Won’t Go to War” 34 by Hugh Gusterson and David H. Price AlAlAl-Al ---Qa’idaQa’ida as RaidRaid----Base:Base: Technique from the Past? 37 by John W. Jandora A Lesson From Rwanda 46 Civilian Casualties in Counter Insurgency by LTC Thomas P. Odom, US Army (ret.) You’ve Got Hate: Web Based Terror 53 by Captain Matthew Orris co-published with Center for Army Lessons Learned Viral Targeting of the IED Social Network System 62 by Scott Swanson JP 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary lawlessness, and insurgency.” 6 Additionally, of Military and Associated Terms , defines the the Department of Defense (DoD) defines US Army Special Forces (SF) mission of Foreign Internal Defense and Development (IDAD) as Internal Defense (FID) “participation by civilian “the full range of measures taken by a nation to and military agencies of a government in any of promote its growth and to protect itself from the action programs taken by another subversion, lawlessness, and insurgency. It government or other designated organization focuses on building viable institutions (political, to free and protect its society from subversion, 6 JP 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms , pg 212, 2006 www.smallwarsjournal.com 4 Vol 8, May 2007 – Small Wars Journal economic, social, and military) that respond to national troop containing one Iraqi Army the needs of society.” 7 platoon. 8 Given the need for SF units outside the TTTHHHEHE LLLAW OF RRREALISTIC theaters in Iraq and Afghanistan and the tremendous need for FID/IDAD inside those EEEXPECTATIONS theaters, conventional forces and conventional Realistic is defined by Merriam-Webster as Soldiers have had to take on what was an “interested in, concerned with, or based on unconventional role, training and advising what is real or practical.” Expectation is foreign security forces. Moreover this has defined as “the degree of probability that become a role for joint conventional forces with something will occur.” To compare a 6 th grade JCISFA serving as it the DoD proponent. geometry student with a high school senior Certainly conventional forces faced a steep calculus student is mixing apples and oranges. learning curve in the past four years taking on Chances are the indigenous force you have missions that in the past centered on SF’s core been tasked to advise (the apples) through no competencies of intercultural communications fault of their own are not of the caliber you (to include both language proficiency and area would expect in US Army units (the oranges). and cultural orientation), warfighting, and Clearly one can make a nice dessert using both; training of foreign security forces. The just don’t expect pure orange juice. establishment of consolidated MiTT training facilities at Fort Riley, Kansas under one The advisor’s role, as Dr. David Kilcullen has command boosted progress in this arena over so eloquently stated, is not to have the the past few years. Shifting that MiTT training indigenous force mirror our forces, but for to the Joint Readiness Training Center so that them to mirror the enemy. 9 The Law of MiTTs can train alongside their U.S. Realistic Expectation calls for progress, conventional unit partners will further improve however slight, over a period of time; the it. objective is improvement. This law recognizes that the infantry battalion you advise during But no matter how good the training, your tour will not transform into SEAL Team 6 nothing can match the value of actual advisor or 3-325 AIR at the end of your 12- month experience when it comes to training and advisory tour. Violating this Law by thinking in advising another human being in a cross- those terms will not only frustrate the advisor, cultural environment.
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