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Healthy Social Connections Swinburne Social Innovation Research Institute Healthy Social Connections Swinburne Social Innovation Research Institute Swinburne Social Innovation Research Institute Healthy Social Connections Model of Social SPECIAL SITUATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS Connection Situations where specic connections are useful Our social connections have the power to positively affect our health and wellbeing. They can CONNECTION POSITIVE / TYPES NEGATIVE OUTPUTS foster community development Emotional and provide resilience during Resources I get attachment I give HUMANS from my connections times of crisis. Social connection I to my connections + I can be typically understood as INPUTS ANIMALS SOCIAL CONNECTION CIRCLES OUTPUTS face-to-face contact through GIVE INNER GET Time I give NON-HUMANS CIRCLE Feelings I get friends, family, neighbours, and to my connections from my connections – can also take shape through OTHERS SOCIAL personal emotional attachments ALLIES maintained via phone or online. TRIBE Connections can be with carers VILLAGE or service providers, pets, modern technologies like robots and metaphysical entities SPACES FOR CONNECTION like a god or understandings Specic spaces can be designed to activate connections of country. EVALUATION Check the balance, so that input given equals outputs received from connections. Are the outputs positive? INPUTS CONNECTION TYPES SOCIAL CONNECTION CIRCLES Each person has their Human connections stock of emotional can give more resources We know from Robin attachment and time and feelings compared Dunbar’s work on the to give to build and to connections social brain hypothesis maintain their social with animals and that human connections connections. Inner layers non-humans (artificial form layers, which we call of social connections intelligence) or others circles, involving those need more emotional (metaphysical entities with intense emotional attachment and time such as God or country). attachment and high to maintain them. Some connections bring time (in inner layers) to In research studies, extra resources useful less attachment and frequency of contact in special situations. time in outer layers. is used as a proxy Location of these Layers typically form a measure for emotional connection types within 5:15:50:150 numbers attachment. the layers, predicts model, from intimate how much emotional inner layers (your ‘Inner attachment and time Circle’) to infrequent they get. personal connections (your ‘Village’). Swinburne Social Innovation Research Institute Healthy Social Connections SPECIAL SITUATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS Situations where specic connections are useful CONNECTION POSITIVE / TYPES NEGATIVE OUTPUTS Emotional Resources I get attachment I give HUMANS from my connections I to my connections + I INPUTS ANIMALS SOCIAL CONNECTION CIRCLES OUTPUTS GIVE INNER GET Time I give NON-HUMANS CIRCLE Feelings I get to my connections from my connections – OTHERS SOCIAL ALLIES TRIBE VILLAGE SPACES FOR CONNECTION Specic spaces can be designed to activate connections EVALUATION Check the balance, so that input given equals outputs received from connections. Are the outputs positive? OUTPUTS SPECIAL SITUATIONS SPACES FOR EVALUATION CONNECTION Evidence shows a There are special There are key things to consistent set of feelings situations where social Evidence shows there bear in mind that help that people emote, connections are required are a number of spaces in understanding how realised through/from to ‘step-up’. It’s good to set up in/by society to interact optimally their social connections be prepared for these with explicit or implicit with the concept of and a set of resources eg neighbours are goals to connect people. social connections; eg they get from others, useful in emergencies; These are useful places people should check through their social connections to other to make connections, they are getting the connections. networks are useful eg volunteering, output resources and for learning or finding events, community feelings from their new jobs. gardens – may activate connections – most of connections, build the time, they shouldn’t communication and be giving more than they literacy including are getting back; it might digital literacy. be more or less easy to build and maintain social connections depending on personal circumstances. Swinburne Social Innovation Research Institute Healthy Social Connections 1. Inputs and connection types Emotional attachment I give HUMANS I to my connections GIVE INPUTS ANIMALS Time I give NON-HUMANS to my connections OTHERS Emotional attachment can be the However, we may also make Our inputs are the personal intensity or how emotionally connections with non-human entities investments we make close we feel to our connections. Time which may also provide us with a range is the frequency of contact we spend (though more limited) of resources and in our connections, on our connections. Because time is feelings. These include animals like our and a person has their finite, the amount of time we allocate pets who serve as loyal companions to maintaining a connection is a good (Amiot & Bastian, 2015), human stock of emotional indicator of our bonds and a good replacements like robots or home proxy to measure closeness (Dunbar virtual assistants (Epley et al, 2008), attachment and time et al., 2015). The connections that we and even metaphysical connections, as inputs to invest. hold closest to us usually take more these could be religious as with a god, time and emotional attachment to or even through connections to country maintain. (Green & Elliott, 2010; Lim & Putnam, 2010). The types of connections that we make most prominently are with humans who provide us with the most resources and feelings that we require. These include family, who may need less time to maintain the connection due to kinship bonds; friends who may need a range of inputs of time and emotional attachment depending on type of resources and feelings we want from them; neighbours, work colleagues, acquaintances, service providers and online friends. These are all connections we can invest different levels of time or emotional attachment in, and who may provide, in return, different levels of resources, support, information and feelings. Swinburne Social Innovation Research Institute Healthy Social Connections 2. Social connection circles SOCIAL CONNECTION CIRCLES INNER CIRCLE SOCIAL ALLIES TRIBE VILLAGE We know from anthropologist Robin Our intimate inner layers or circles, There is consistent Dunbar and colleagues’ work (Dunbar, inner circle and social allies, are our evidence that human 1993; Dunbar & Spoors, 1995; Hill primary network and these connections & Dunbar, 1995; Dunbar, 1998; play a central role in informing and social connections are MacCarron et al., 2016) on the social moderating our interactions with the structured into layers, brain hypothesis that the connections wider community and they are those we form are structured in layers that from whom we are most likely to seek or in circles as is reflect the allocation of our personal advice, receive emotional comfort from, resources of emotional attachment and and who we turn to in times of severe reflected in everyday time. Based on neuroimaging studies, stress be it financial or emotional. We speech. For example, Dunbar and colleagues found that there are most likely to commit most of our is a limit to the number of connections time to these and they would receive we speak of our ‘inner the brain can manage at one time, and much of our emotional attachment. this capacity is layered depending The outer layers or circles, the tribe circle’ of friends. on the intimacy of the connections. and village are our secondary group Layers typically form a 5:15:50:150 of connections that may be less numbers model, intimate inner layers personal, or those that we spend less take up more time and/or emotional time with. They can include family we attachment (your ‘Inner Circle’) through don’t see that often, friends we see to infrequent personal connections, socially, or from hobby, recreational or where you have less attachment or religious groups, work colleagues, or commit less time (your ‘Village’). This acquaintances that we have things in pattern of layering has been found common with. in studies of traditional groups like medieval villages, hunting tribes and Relationships in all circles can change army units, and also modern groups over time, and the circles only represent like social media networks such as the amount and ‘strength’ of social Facebook and Twitter, online computer connections at a given time. Strengths gaming and in mobile phone records. of relationships change quicker in the outer rather than inner circles and can be leveraged depending on the different resources that we need, and they provide at specific times. Swinburne Social Innovation Research Institute Healthy Social Connections 3. Outputs Resources I get from my connections + I OUTPUTS GET Feelings I get from my connections – Humans have the highest potential flood. Other connections can bring extra Evidence shows that to provide these, but their different resources useful in special situations different types of attributes can help you attend to for example connections with people a range of your needs that require who work in different industry sectors, social connections different levels of your time and have different knowledge and access are associated with attachment (Granovetter, 1973; to different networks can be useful for Roberts & Dunbar, 2011) Thoits, 2011). gaining new jobs and information.
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