Social Acceptance and Rejection: the Sweet and the Bitter
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Does Social Connection Turn Good Deeds Into Good Feelings? on the Value of Putting the 'Social' in Prosocial Spending
Does Social Connection Turn Good Deeds into Good Feelings? On the Value of Putting the 'Social' in Prosocial Spending The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Aknin, Lara B., Elizabeth W. Dunn, Gillian M. Sandstrom, and Michael I. Norton. "Does Social Connection Turn Good Deeds into Good Feelings? On the Value of Putting the 'Social' in Prosocial Spending." International Journal of Happiness and Development 1, no. 2 (2013): 155–171. Published Version http://www.inderscience.com/info/inarticle.php?artid=55643 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11148070 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP Putting the “Social” in Prosocial Spending 1 Does Social Connection Turn Good Deeds into Good Feelings?: On the Value of Putting the "Social" in Prosocial Spending Lara B. Aknina, Elizabeth W. Dunnb, Gillian M. Sandstromb, & Michael I. Nortonc a Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, email: [email protected] b Psychology Department, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, emails: [email protected], [email protected] c Marketing Unit, Harvard Business School, Soldiers Field Road, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 02163, email: [email protected] Putting the “Social” in Prosocial Spending 2 Abstract When are the emotional benefits of generous behavior most likely to emerge? In three studies, we demonstrate that the hedonic benefits of generous spending are most likely when spending promotes positive social connection. -
A Theory of Biobehavioral Response to Workplace Incivility
BIOBEHAVIORAL RESPONSE TO INCIVILITY THE EMBODIMENT OF INSULT: A THEORY OF BIOBEHAVIORAL RESPONSE TO WORKPLACE INCIVILITY Lilia M. Cortina University of Michigan 530 Church Street Ann Arbor, MI 48104 [email protected] M. Sandy Hershcovis University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 [email protected] Kathryn B.H. Clancy University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 607 S. Mathews Ave. Urbana, IL 61801 [email protected] (in press, Journal of Management) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful to Christine Porath, who provided feedback on an earlier draft of this article. Hershcovis acknowledges support from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Clancy acknowledges support from NSF grant #1916599, the Illinois Leadership Center, and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, and thanks her trainees as well as the attendees of the 2019 Transdisciplinary Research on Incivility in STEM Contexts Workshop for their brilliant thinking and important provocations. BIOBEHAVIORAL RESPONSE TO INCIVILITY 1 Abstract This article builds a broad theory to explain how people respond, both biologically and behaviorally, when targeted with incivility in organizations. Central to our theorizing is a multifaceted framework that yields four quadrants of target response: reciprocation, retreat, relationship repair, and recruitment of support. We advance the novel argument that these behaviors not only stem from biological change within the body, but also stimulate such change. Behavioral responses that revolve around affiliation, and produce positive social connections, are most likely to bring biological benefits. However, social and cultural features of an organization can stand in the way of affiliation, especially for employees holding marginalized identities. -
Kipling D. Williams
VITA KIPLING D. WILLIAMS FEBRUARY 2021 Birth date: December 24, 1953 Place of Birth: Columbus, Ohio, USA Office Address: Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University 703 Third Street West Lafayette, IN 47907 E-mail Address: [email protected] Web pages: http://www2.psych.purdue.edu/~kip http://williams.socialpsychology.org/ Home Address: 3213 Covington Street West Lafayette, IN 47906 EDUCATIONAL HISTORY: Ph. D. The Ohio State University, 1981. Social Psychology Minors: Consumer Behavior, Statistics Dissertation: (advisor: B. Latané). The effects of cohesiveness on social loafing in simulated word-processing pools. M.A. Ohio State University, 1977. Social Psychology Thesis: (advisor: B. Latané). The loss of control as a determinant of social loafing. B.S. (cum laude) University of Washington, 1975. Major: Psychology EMPLOYMENT HISTORY: 2021-presnt Director of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University. 2019 (July) Instructor to Grades 9-12 at Gifted Education Research and Resource Institute (GER2I), on “Outcast: The Psychology of Ostracism” 2017-present Distinguished Professor of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University 2017 (June-July) Summer School Faculty, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. 2012 (July-Aug) Summer School Faculty, SIE-Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. 2012 (Feb-June) Lorentz Center Fellow of Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study (NIAS), Wassenaar, NL. 2004-present Professor, Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. 2001-2004 Professor, Department of Psychology and Deputy Dean of Division of Linguistics and Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. 1997-2000 Senior Lecturer-Assoc. Prof, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. 1995-1996 Visiting Professor of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. -
Social Connection and Compassion: Important Predictors of Health and Well-Being
6RFLDO&RQQHFWLRQDQG&RPSDVVLRQ,PSRUWDQW3UHGLFWRUV RI+HDOWKDQG:HOO%HLQJ Emma Seppala, Timothy Rossomando, James R. Doty Social Research: An International Quarterly, Volume 80, Number 2, Summer 2013, pp. 411-430 (Article) 3XEOLVKHGE\7KH-RKQV+RSNLQV8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV DOI: 10.1353/sor.2013.0027 For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/sor/summary/v080/80.2.seppala.html Access provided by Stanford University (15 Jun 2015 23:56 GMT) Emma Seppala, Timothy Rossomando, and James R. Doty Social Connection and Compassion: Important Predictors of Health and Well-Being Being unwanted, unloved, uncared for, forgotten by everybody—I think that is a much greater hunger, a much greater poverty than the person who has nothing to eat. —Mother Theresa (Costello 2008,14) Communities, which included the greatest number of the most sympathetic members, would flourish best, and rear the greatest number of offspring. —(Darwin 1871,130). Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them, humanity cannot survive. —His Holiness the XlVth Dalai Lama (Ramaswamy 2006, 148) From the dawn of modern psychology, psychological theorists have emphasized the importance of positive human social connection for health, well-being, and survival. Both early and modern psychologists social research Vol. 80 : No. 2 : Summer 2013 411 have argued that social connection—that is, the development of posi tive relationships with others in the social world—is a primary psycho logical need and motivator essential for human development and survival (Baumeister and Leary 1995,499; Hart, Shaver, and Goldenberg 2005, 1000; Maslow 1943, 375). Indeed, several decades of research on social connection now confirm that it is linked to a substantial number of psychological and physical health benefits as well as longevity (Berkman and Syme 1979, 201-202; Cacioppo et al. -
Dimorphous Expressions of Positive Emotions
PSSXXX10.1177/0956797614561044Aragón et al.Dimorphous Expressions 561044research-article2015 Research Article Psychological Science 2015, Vol. 26(3) 259 –273 Dimorphous Expressions of Positive © The Author(s) 2015 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Emotion: Displays of Both Care and DOI: 10.1177/0956797614561044 Aggression in Response to Cute Stimuli pss.sagepub.com Oriana R. Aragón, Margaret S. Clark, Rebecca L. Dyer, and John A. Bargh Yale University Abstract Extremely positive experiences, and positive appraisals thereof, produce intense positive emotions that often generate both positive expressions (e.g., smiles) and expressions normatively reserved for negative emotions (e.g., tears). We developed a definition of these dimorphous expressions and tested the proposal that their function is to regulate emotions. We showed that individuals who express emotions in this dimorphous manner do so as a general response across a variety of emotionally provoking situations, which suggests that these expressions are responses to intense positive emotion rather than unique to one particular situation. We used cute stimuli (an elicitor of positive emotion) to demonstrate both the existence of these dimorphous expressions and to provide preliminary evidence of their function as regulators of emotion. Keywords emotion, emotion expression, emotion regulation, cute Received 8/14/14; Revision accepted 11/1/14 Some people cry at graduations, at the birth of their chil- process model of emotion that begins with a stimulus dren, when a hero returns from war, when they reach event, followed by an appraisal of the event, an emo- their goals, and when someone gives to another person tional experience, and then an expressive behavior. -
Issues in Domestic Violence: Introduction and Theories
Domestic Violence Introduction, 1 ________________________________________________________________ Issues in Domestic Violence: Introduction and Theories Introduction Case Vignette Monica is a 43-year-old woman who works as an executive in a large pharmaceutical company. It was here that she met her boyfriend, Richard, who has a similarly face-paced and stressful position. Things in the relationship seemed to be going well until they moved in together. It is only now that Monica is aware of how demanding Richard is, and how he becomes angry and belittling when they argue. After the last argument Richard shattered a crystal vase that was an heirloom from Monica’s grandmother. Monica is finding herself to be more and more depressed. She would like to make things work, but is fearful that these behaviors can’t be changed. Take a moment to think about the words “domestic violence.” What images come to mind? Do you think about a submissive, middle aged-woman being beaten by her alcoholic husband? Do you think ‘why doesn’t she just leave?’ or ‘Not in my practice, hospital or agency.’ The reality of domestic violence is that while these stereotypes fit some situations, they do not even begin to touch upon the scope of the problem. Many mental health practitioners are working with clients experiencing current domestic violence, and are unaware that it is occurring because of the shame that is often associated with it. The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence defines domestic violence as “the willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault, and/or other abusive behavior perpetrated by an intimate partner against another.” While there have been studies of domestic violence from a cultural perspective, domestic violence affects individuals in every community, regardless of age, economic status, race, religion, nationality or educational background. -
Studies on Peer Victimization and Social Exclusion from A
Patrik Söderberg Not Only Bad Luck Studies on Peer Victimization and Social Exclusion from a Multilevel Perspective Adolescent victimization and social exclusion are universal phenomena with long-term negative Patrik Söderberg mental health consequences. Meanwhile, studies on the effectiveness of anti-bullying programs have yielded mixed result. Patrik Söderberg | Not Only Bad Luck | 2018 Söderberg | Not Only Bad Luck Patrik Not Only Bad Luck This thesis adopts a multilevel approach to explore the bi-directional relationships between psycho- Studies on Peer Victimization and Social Exclusion social maladjustment and peer victimization, in settings that participants have little to no choice from a Multilevel Perspective but to belong to, such as nomadic forager band societies, modern high-school classrooms, and the family environment. Based on the results, the thesis suggests that whole-school programs should continue to pro- mote inclusiveness and diversity, but should also acknowledge the impact of individual characteris- tics and family adversities on peer victimization. 9 789521 237393 ISBN 978-952-12-3739-3 Patrik Söderberg Born 1980 in Vasa, Finland Studies, exams, and present occupation: Master’s degree in Developmental Psychology at Åbo Akademi University in 2010 Bachelor’s degree in Political Science at Åbo Akademi University in 2009 Patrik Söderberg is currently working as a university teacher in Developmental Psychology within the Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies at Åbo Akademi University in Vasa, Finland. His research and teaching interests include peer victimization, social inclusion, gene- environment interaction, and youth political participation. Portrait photo: Raija Skyttälä, Foto Airaksinen Cover photo: User PublicDomainPictures on Pixabay, released under Creative Commons CC0 Åbo Akademi University Press Tavastgatan 13, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland Tel. -
Ch 12: Aggression
13 Aggression and conflict What’s it about? (Social Psychology pp. 482–525) Conflict is seen as the perceived incompatibility of goals, where what is wanted by one group may be against the desires of another group. Aggression is defined by social psychologists as a behaviour whose immediate intent is to hurt someone. There are generally two distinct categories of aggression: instrumental aggression and hostile aggression. Group norms often promote aggressive behavior rather than restraining it. Models can reduce aggression, but often also enhance it. Factors that increase the chances of aggression include emotional arousal, alcohol, and time pressure, but similarity reduces aggression. The realistic conflict theory argues that intergroup hostility, conflict, and aggression arise from competition among groups for mastery of scarce but valued material resources. The relative deprivation theory suggests that social comparison, not objective reality, determines how satisfied or dissatisfied people are with what they have. Approaches to reduce aggression and conflict include minimizing or removing aggressive cues; altering perceptions; encouraging cooperation; encouraging careful interpretation and identification with others; trying to find mutually acceptable solutions; or working together toward a shared goal. Negotiation is reciprocal communication designed to reach agreement in situations where some interests are shared, and some are in opposition. Superordinate goals are shared goals that can be attained only if groups work cooperatively -
Loneliness and Social Connection
BC’s Mental Health and Substance Use Journal visionsVol. 14 No. 3 2019 loneliness and social connection writing through loneliness looking beyond differences to end adolescent social isolation visions Published quarterly, Visions is a national award-winning journal that provides a forum for the voices of people experiencing a mental health or substance use problem, their family and friends, and service providers in BC. It creates a place where many perspectives on mental health and addictions issues can be heard. Visions is produced by the BC Partners for Mental Health and Substance Use Information and funded by BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services, a program of the Provincial Health Services Authority. editorial board Representatives from each BC Partners member agency, guest editor, and external members Jennifer Alsop, Kristy Bjarnason, Susannah Church, Stacie Weich editor-in-chief Sarah Hamid-Balma substantive editor Jillian Shoichet layout Justyna Krol issn 1490-2494 subscriptions and advertising Subscriptions to Visions are free to anyone in British Columbia, Canada. For those outside BC, subscriptions are $25 (Cdn) for four issues. Visions electronic subscriptions and back issues are available for free at www.heretohelp.bc.ca/visions. Advertising rates and deadlines are also online. bc partners and heretohelp HeretoHelp is a project of the BC Partners for Mental Health and Substance Use Information. The BC Partners are a group of non-profit agencies working together to help people improve their quality of life by providing -
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Running head: SOCIAL MEDIA AND DISLIKES 1 Please cite as: Lutz, S., & Schneider, F. M. (2020). Is receiving Dislikes in social media still better than being ignored? The effects of ostracism and rejection on need threat and coping responses online. Media Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2020.1799409 Is Receiving Dislikes in Social Media Still Better than Being Ignored? The Effects of Ostracism and Rejection on Need Threat and Coping Responses Online Sarah Lutz Frank M. Schneider University of Mannheim University of Mannheim Author Note: Correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to Sarah Lutz, Institute for Media and Communication Studies, University of Mannheim, B 6, 30-32 (Room 444), 68159 Mannheim, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank Sophia Hippe and Ngoc Huyen Nguyen for proofreading the paper, Mirko Drotschmann for his help in collecting the data, as well as Jessica Vetter and Dominic Peipelmann for their assistance in coding the profile descriptions. We also thank the latter for his support in customizing the program code of the Ostracism Online Tool to implement our experimental manipulation. Further thanks go to the editors and anonymous reviewers, for their useful feedback on earlier versions of this paper. SOCIAL MEDIA AND DISLIKES 2 Abstract When posting content in social media, users can feel excluded due to lacking (cyber-ostracism) or negative (cyber-rejection) feedback. Referring to the temporal need- threat model, this study examined the impact that both exclusion experiences have on social media users’ need threat and on their online coping behavior to fortify threatened needs. -
Intimate Partner Violence and Child Abuse Considerations During
Intimate Partner Violence and Child Abuse Considerations During COVID-19 As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, Americans are required to stay home to protect themselves and their communities. However, the home may not be safe for many families who experience domestic violence, which may include both intimate partners and children. COVID-19 has caused major economic devastation, disconnected many from community resources and support systems, and created widespread uncertainty and panic. Such conditions may stimulate violence in families where it didn’t exist before and worsen situations in homes where mistreatment and violence has been a problem. Violence in the home has an overall cost to society, leading to potentially adverse physical and mental health outcomes, including a higher risk of chronic disease, substance use, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and risky sexual behaviors.1 Further, victims of domestic violence including intimate partner abuse and child abuse are at great risk for injuries including death. Intimate Partner Violence According to CDC, approximately 1 in 4 women and nearly 1 in 10 men have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) sexual violence, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner during their lifetime. Moreover, more than 43 million women and 38 million men experienced psychological aggression by an intimate partner in their lifetime.2 Approximately 41% of female IPV survivors and 14% of male IPV survivors experience some form of physical injury related to IPV. It is important to acknowledge that IPV can extend beyond physical injury and result in death. Data from U.S. crime reports suggest that 16% (about 1 in 6) of homicide 1 Preventing Multiple Forms of Violence: A Strategic Vision for Connecting the Dots. -
Grief and Loss Final
GRIEF & LOSS IN THE COVID-19 CONTEXT AND BEYOND Grieving is hard. Loss is often unexpected. Even if it was foreseeable, it may still feel sudden or as if there was no time to prepare. Perhaps you lost someone or something recently, or the current situation is causing For some people, grief reactions feelings of sadness from a previous loss to re-emerge. may become overwhelming or If someone you loved has died, know you are not lead to suicidal thoughts. These alone. impairing thoughts generally mean that more help is needed. Across the globe, hundreds of thousands of people There are many resources to have died from COVID-19, even though many more assist with these concerns. have recovered. It is likely you were unable to see your loved one before they passed away. The severity of Disaster Distress Helpline: COVID-19 illness and intensity of treatments created a Call 1-800-985-5990 sense of inevitable death for some people. Others may Text TALKWITHUS to 66746 have seemed to be recovering or experiencing mild illness, leaving you shocked by their passing. National Suicide Prevention The loss of people in our lives, whether sudden or Lifeline: foreseeable, cause many feelings that may become Call 1-800-273-8255 overwhelming. No matter when someone in our lives Text TALK to 741741 dies, it can be a shock. There may be questions no one can answer. There may be logistics that seem Friendly Caller Program for impossible or out of our control. LGBTQ+ Call 248-567-2363 Everyone Grieves In Their Call 2-1-1 for local resources Own Way including: Depending on your culture, beliefs, faith and the nature Area Agency on Aging of your loss, the way you grieve will differ from others.