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Home , Corliss Lamont, Edwin Meese, Remington Steele

500 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 23, 1986 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS THE LAMONT-LODGE LETTERS thermore, you were willing to become Am­ ground that that country all along had been bassador a second time precisely when Mar­ invading South Vietnam and bore the major shal Ky, the new Premier of the South Viet­ responsibility for the troubles there. John­ HON. TED WEISS namese Government, had proclaimed that son and his military advisors invented this OF NEW YORK his great hero was Adolf Hitler. line in order to justify their own savage ag­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Like Secretary Rusk and the U.S. State gression against North Vietnam. Thursday, January 23, 1986 Department, you have pretended that This crass propaganda issuing from the South Vietnam was established as a perma­ White House you, Cabot Lodge, have sup­ Mr. WEISS. Mr. Speaker, Corliss Lamont nent independent state in the Geneva Ac­ ported all the way in public statements. In has long been one of our Nation's most princi­ cords of 1954, whereas you well know that your heart of hearts, can you possibly think pled and articulate voices on questions of the division of Vietnam into South Vietnam that this is Veritas? of the United public and foreign policy. If his warnings of the and North Vietnam was designed as a tem­ Nations was right when he said in reference emerging folly of our Vietnam policy had been porary measure and that the Accords pro­ to Vietnam: "In times of war and of hostil­ heeded in time, thousands of lives might have vided for all Vietnam elections in 1956 to ities, the first casualty is truth." unify the country. You must be aware, too, been saved and untold suffering avoided. You have also misled your fellow Ameri­ that it was the United States and its puppet, cans by claiming that the U.S. Govern­ An exchange of letters between Corliss President Diem of South Vietnam, that re­ Lamont and , who served ment's purpose in Vietnam is to save free­ fused to permit these elections and thus dom and establish democracy. In fact, start­ as Ambassador to South Vietnam, has now clearly violated the Geneva treaty. ing with the brutal dictator Diem, the been published in Harvard Magazine. The cor­ As Walter Lippmann has pointed out: United States has bolstered up one puppet respondence begins with Corliss Lamont's "While our government endorsed the dictatorship after another in Saigon-nine open letter to Lodge dated November 1, 1965, Geneva agreements, and especially the pro­ different governments in the past two and concludes with Lodge's revealing note of vision for free elections, it opposed free elec­ years-as successive military coups have tions when it realized that Ho Chi Minh August 2, 1984. This material is of special rel­ taken place. These South Vietnamese gov­

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. January 23, 1986 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 501 Well, that means we become a colonial peace conference that includes the National Clearly such a defeat would shake confi­ power and I think it's been pretty well es­ Liberation Front as an independent author­ dence in us not only in Asia, but also in the tablished that colonialism is over. I believe ity in its own right, and the various nations Atlantic community. It would thus endan­ if you start doing that you will get all kinds directly involved; and a settlement that re­ ger peace everywhere. of unfortunate results: you'll stir up anti­ turns to the original Geneva Accords. This Clearly, the United States is not trying to foreign feeling; there'll be a tendency to lay would mean the complete withdrawal of the be policeman for the whole world. We are back and let the Americans do it and all U.S. Army and all other foreign troops from not making our stand on the peaks of the that. I can't think that it's a good thing to South Vietnam; a guarantee against any for­ Himalayan Mountains. But neither should do. eign military bases in that country; and we wait to defend our country until the My dear classmate, do you know who said elections to enable the Vietnamese people enemy is either on the sands of Waikiki that? Why, it was none other than the Hon­ freely to choose their own government in Beach or on the sands of Cape Cod. orable Henry Cabot Lodge, then serving his accordance with the long-established princi­ For this great Vietnamese sweep of coast, first term as Ambassador to South Vietnam. ples of self-determination. with one of the greatest food producing So now that long-suffering country is, as im­ It is often said that America would lose areas of the world at its southern end, to plied by your own words, fast becoming a face if it gets out of Vietnam without win­ ning a clear-cut victory. But the United fall to the aggressor would be a direct U.S. colony. Are you hoping soon to become threat to our security in this shrunken Governor of the fifty-first American State­ States has already lost so much face be­ South Vietnam? cause of its barbaric conduct in Vietnam world. Please consider carefully that if the Presi­ that this argument has little merit. In all If you look at the map, you can see this dent keeps on escalating this Vietnam con­ truth, our country would gain great prestige country is in the middle of Southeast Asia­ flict and grabbing more and more Asian real by retiring from Vietnam, just as did France a sort of strategic keystone. What happens estate, the and Communist and President de Gaulle when they finally to it affects all of Southeast Asia. But it also China will surely react with far more effec­ agreed to Algeria's independence.... has a direct and vital effect on us. tive countermeasures than they have used In conclusion, then, I urge you, Cabot The American fighting man who is here is hitherto. Herein lies a terrible danger. For Lodge, to stop abetting President Johnson's quite simply and plainly fighting for his continuing escalation could finally erupt evil actions and designs in Vietnam. It country. into the Great Nuclear War that would would be an enormous pity at this advanced HENRY CABOT LoDGE, bring untold devastation to the U.S.A. and stage of your career for you to fatally tar­ U.S. Ambassador to South Vietnam, Septem­ many other countries. Johnson and you, nish your reputation by qualifying as a lead­ ber 13, 1966. ing War Hawk. Resign your ambassadorship Cabot, are gambling with the survival of our LAMONT TO LODGE Nation and of the human race itself. and rebuild your public image before it is too late! The highest patriotism is not mili­ "Your letter to the World Journal Trib­ Addressing you now as a former Senator, une attempts to bamboozle the readers of there is a special point I want to make: As a taristic; it is to strive for justice and peace and that international amity which is the that newspaper by omitting any mention of member of the U.S. Senate for many years, the Geneva Accords of 1954," wrote Lamont you ought to be much concerned with the best assurance for America's national securi­ ty. Come home and help transform the Re­ in his second open letter to Lodge, dated Oc­ prerogatives and powers of that august body tober 6, 1966. "The aim is to attempt the as set forth in the American Constitution. publican Party into the great American Today, President Johnson is usurping the Peace Party, opposed to U.S. military inter­ frameup of a whole country, to mislead the functions of both the Senate and the House vention in Asia, Latin America, or anywhere American people into believing that North else. On that platform you and the Republi­ Vietnam is the aggressor instead of the of Representatives by taking this country power-mad big bully-the United States of into a de facto war in Vietnam and thus by­ cans might well win another election. passing the Constitution's pronouncement CORLISS LAMONT America." in Article I, Section 8, that Congress alone November 1, 1965. Lamont reiterated some of the points he has the power to declare and make war. LODGE ON VIETNAM had made in his first open letter, but rhe­ You, as an ex-Senator, should be one of This may be an appropriate time to sum­ torically he went further, addressing his old the first to protest against the President's marize why the suppression of aggression in friend as "Mr. Major General" [Lodge's dictatorial flouting of the Constitution-an Vietnam is important-especially so impor­ rank in the Army Reserve], "General obvious illegality that is contributing to­ tant as to justify the present active involve­ Lodge," and "Proconsul Lodge

71--059 0-87-17 (Pt. 1) 512 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 23, 1986 grandfather was also a teacher; so was his ness flourished as Louisville boomed with mad Ali, then a young Louisville boxer grandfather, Robert Bingham, a Confeder­ new industry in the post-war years and Ken­ named Cassius Clay. ate soldier, who returned to North Carolina tucky prospered as a coal mining and tobac­ Worth's younger brother by 16 months after the Civil War and worked at educating co center. But the Courier-Journal and The was Barry Jr., a very different, less daredev­ freed slaves. Times, in the Southern liberal political tra­ il personality. Barry Sr. remembers his But Robert's son, Robert Worth Bingham, dition, frequently supported positions that second son as having been "a merry little became a lawyer and moved to Louisville in put the papers in conflict with their more boy," thoroughly devoted to his older broth­ 1896, at the age of 25, eventually becoming conservative readers. In their columns, labor er, as Barry Jr. himself confirms. Despite the city's mayor and a circuit court judge. unions found strong support and strip Barry Jr.'s near adoration, Worth teased his He lost his first wife in 1913 when a car in miners were blasted for not restoring the brother relentlessly. For instance, Barry Jr. which she was riding was hit by a train. land. was overweight until he went to college, and Barry Sr. was seven years old when his But it was the strong stand in favor of Worth delighted in introducing him as mother died; his brother and sister not civil rights that drew the most controversy. "Belly," rather than Barry. much older. Barry Sr. says that one of his proudest ac­ Even so, Barry Jr. says that he was quite Three years later, Judge Bingham, as he complishments was the Louisville had the content to grow up in Worth's shadow. Ex­ was then and forever after known, married South's first integrated school system, a vic­ plaining Barry Jr.'s yearningly tender feel­ Mary Kenan Flagler, the widow of an oil tory won largely without violence-but at a ings for his brother, Sallie says that Nursie tycoon with a $100 million estate. Judge price. once told her of a time when Worth and Bingham signed a pre-nuptial agreement "I came to Louisville in 1964," said Mr. Barry were quite small and were gazing to­ stating that, upon her death. he would re­ Janensch, the papers' executive editor, "and gether at the night sky at Melcombe. "You ceive $5 million from her estate. As Barry Senior was not a beloved figure then. The can have the moon and all the other stars," Sr. tells the story in a memo to his children. Binghams were considered the liberal elite. Barry told his older brother, "but just let Judge Bingham insisted on the pre-nuptial The papers were despised as Communist. agreement, even though without it he would And the image of the Binghams was that me have the evening star." have been entitled to half his wife's fortune. they were not at all concerned with common Sarah Bingham, whom the family called Eight months after their wedding, the people. Patronizing." It was only in recent Sallie, was born in 1937 and was quickly rec­ new Mrs. Bingham died, apparently of car­ years that Barry Sr. emerged in Lousville as ognized as the writer in the family, sending diac arrest. But her brothers accused Judge a popular elder statesman. poems to her father during World War II Bingham and her doctors of conspiring to and carefully printing them in a red leather THE CHILDREN book that he sent to her from London and poison her and the body was exhumed. An· For his children, life was very easy. The autopsy revealed that the cause of death that she still has. Binghams, Sallie recalls, had five servants, Sallie says she always considered herself was, indeed, cardiac arrest, and her brothers including a particularly beloved nurse called dropped the charges. to be an outsider, a person apart from Nursie by Sallie and her two older brothers, Worth and Barry, who were nearly insepa­ In 1918, Judge Bingham bought, for $1 Worth and Barry Jr. million, a majority interest in The Courier­ rable. It was only later, she said, that she "There was no other family like it," says came to realize-and to resent-that she had Journal and The Times, which even then Sallie, who adds that she remembers a were Kentucky's premier newspapers. He been groomed by her parents for a support­ family sense of being liberals under attack; ive, woman's role, in contrast to her broth­ also acquired a 40-acre estate overlooking of being somehow "much better looking" the Ohio River, a few miles outside Louis­ ers, for whom management positions in the than other people, and of being free of the family business were assumed. ville, and on it a huge red-brick Georgian burden of "time wasted on petty boring de­ mansion where Barry Jr. now lives. Judge But as a child she grew particularly close tails." These were handled by the servants to her father, and he to her, in part because Bingham christened the estate "Melcombe," and company managers. It was a family, after an estate in Dorset, England, where Sallie says, in which the highest priority she did not go away to prep school, as did Binghams had lived since the 12th century. was placed on an absence of friction and her brothers. Night after night, Barry Sr. The judge had another house built on the conflict, where troublesome details of day­ would read to her from the works of Dick­ estate, which, though generous, was smaller ens and Mark Twain. As a writer, "she was than the mansion and came to be called the to-day living simply were taken care of "like always very productive," he says. "She's a "Little House." Barry Sr. and his wife Mary magic." She now blames what she calls the fami­ strong person and her feelings have been live there today. ly's "smoothness" for producing a genera­ strongly expressed through the years." The judge was an ardent Democrat and a The two other children, Jonathan, born in supporter of the League of Nations, and his tion of children who did not have to depend on each other, and, in the case of Sallie, 1942, and Eleanor, in 1946, were raised newspapers reflected his views. In the almost as a second generation of children 1930's, he backed the New Deal and Presi­ Barry, Jr., and the youngest child, Eleanor, never created the close ties that often come within the family. "Jonathan was probably dent Roosevelt rewarded him in 1933 with the most brilliant intellectually of all," the ambassadorship to the Court of St. with the give-and-take of childhood. "We all seem to have some inhibitions Barry Sr. says. A quiet child, he seemed James. Judge Bingham died in London in drawn to science and medicine, while Elea­ 1937 and the next ambassador was Joseph about each other; it's very hard to express to each other the way we feel sometimes," nor was active, outgoing and gregarious. Kennedy. "She's never been the lonely, artistic person By then, Judge Bingham's younger son, Barry Sr. says, somewhat ruefully. The Binghams, he says, might have been "much that Sallie was almost from the beginning," Barry Sr., a magna cum laude graduate of the father says. Harvard, was deeply immersed in the family better off if we'd been a more Latin-type family with a lot of outbursts, tears, In the Bingham tradition, Worth and business, which had grown to include Barry graduated from Harvard, and Sallie WHAS Inc.-then an AM radio station-and screams and reconciliations. But that has not been the way any of us operates." from Radcliffe, magna cum laude. Eleanor Standard Gravue. He alone had moved back graduated from the University of Sussex, to Louisville; his brother and sister spent The first-born of this special family was most of their lives in England and Barry Sr. Robert Worth Bingham 3d, as handsome drawn to England as her aunt and uncle had soon bought them out. and garrulous as his father and clearly heir been. He was 32 years old when his father died, to the top spot in the family kingdom. At college, Sallie had unusual success as a a handsome, garrulous and charming man Barry Sr. describes Worth, who was born in writer, and by 21 she had a three-book con­ with a cello voice, and he had married Mary 1932, as a natural athlete, a natural newspa­ tract with Houghton-Mifflin. A novel, Clifford Caperton, a Richmond girl whom perman, a natural leader who loved mixing "After Such Knowledge," was published in he met while he was at Harvard and she at with politicians and other powerful figures. 1959. In 1960, one of her short stories was Radcliffe. The two are very close. Barry Sr. He was also a reckless, profane and over­ selected for a collection of "Forty Best Sto­ says that he decided to sell the family com­ bearing personality, according to Sallie and ries From Mademoiselle," and she seemed panies now rather than later so that he and others who were close to him. He loved to headed for a successful writing career. She his wife, who is 81 years old, could face the take risks, as though the family's seamless married and moved to New York, with no in­ ordeal together. "It would have been almost lifestyle had cheated him of being tested. As tention of involving herself in the family impossible alone," he says. a young man he delighted in fast driving business or returning to Louisville. In fact, Barry Sr. says that his successful and in trips to Las Vegas, where his losses Worth and Barry Jr. also were on their marriage and the extremely close relation­ sometimes forced him to make urgent calls way. By the early 1960's Worth was working ship with his wife somehow contributed to to the non-family executives who managed at the newpapers. Barry Jr., who had what he says was his clear failure to com­ the Bingham holdings, asking them to re­ slimmed down as a rower at Harvard and in municate effectively with his children. plenish his bank account and not tell his the Marines, had developed a taste for Under Barry Sr., known simply as parents. He was one of the Louisville busi­ broadcasting. He had worked as a broadcast "Senior" to his employees, the family busi- nessmen who originally syndicated Muham- journalist for CBS and NBC, then returned January 23, 1986 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 513 to Louisville at his father's urging to work ment in education. The emphasis of programs those laudable goals is extremely difficult in at WHAS. and competitions will be on the development balancing diverse interests and needs. Jonathan had dropped out of Harvard and of academic, artistic, and physical talents and Clearly one of the important issues has soon after, in 1964, tragedy struck-the first been a tax policy involving capital invest­ of the Bingham family misfortunes that abilities. Young people must be given the op­ ment and the subsequent impact of that draw comparisons with the Kennedy clan. portunity to develop all of their potential. The changed policy on economic development. Living in Louisville again, Jonathan climbed first community celebration featured student To those of us who reside in the fastest a utility pole to tap electricity into a barn at awards for essays, art, and high academic growing area of the nation, a tax policy that Melcombe; his intent was to illuminate a re­ achievement by school athletes and cheer­ retards capital investment retards our eco­ union of the members of his boyhood Club leaders. nomic growth. Scout troop. When he tried to make the Martin Luther King Day belongs to all Amer­ Twenty-three percent of the nation's pop­ connection, he was electrocuted. He was 22. icans. He was a man of God who respected ulation growth over the past 5 years, or ap­ Two years later, Worth, age 34, was driv­ proximately one-fourth, has been in the ing a rented car with his wife, Joan, and the beliefs of others. He was a ceaseless South. Forecasts indicate a continuing their two children early one morning during worker for peace on a global scale as well as strong population growth trend in the a vacation in Nantucket. To accommodate a for peace between individuals who have react­ South over the next decade. Many indus­ surfboard, the windows of the car had been ed with reflex suspicion and dislike toward tries and businesses that are locating in our rolled down and the long surfboard protrud­ one another. He was a husband and father area require new facilities and are capital ed from both sides of the car. When Worth who knew that he could not care for his own intensive. drove too close to a parked car, the right children without caring for all children. To serve this growth in population and end af the surfboard struck the car. The The 5-year plan for youth development and new business opportunity, BellSouth has a surfboard, in a snapping pivot, broke major capital program of over $2 billion per Worth's neck, killing him with a sort of educational excellence is being launched in year to meet our areas growing require­ karate chop. the spirit of peaceful activism which was a ments. In Louisiana, we have well over $3 For Mary Bingham and Barry Sr.. whose major component of the civil rights movement billion invested in telephone plant within brother and sister had passed away in the led by Dr. King. The people of the 12th con­ the state and will spend during 1985 well two years between Jonathan's and Worth's gressional district have resolved to take action over $300 million with our construction pro­ deaths, the tragedies were incalculable. and resolve the problems of education which grams. Obviously, these figures highlight "There were times that I wondered if I plague their district. At the end of 5 years we the very capital intensive programs we have would be able to keep on." Barry Sr. says. expect to have students who display extraordi­ each year within the state. A tax policy that penalizes economic growth would have an "Nature helps, and I drew great strength nary performance in every area. We have through the church." As always, he depend­ unusual impact upon our area. BellSouth is ed heart and soul on his wife." dedicated ourselves to this effort in memory concerned that trade offs in the current of Martin Luther King, Jr. debate on tax reform may place a burden on those areas that are experiencing the great­ KING HOLIDAY DEDICATED TO est growth and require the greatest amount EDUCATION ACTIVISM THE TAX BILL MAKES BAD of capital development. ECONOMIC SENSE We support a national tax policy that con­ tinues the investment tax credit and pro­ HON. MAJOR R. OWENS HON. BOB LIVINGSTON vides for depreciation schedules that mirror OF LOUISIANA competition and technological realities­ OF NEW YORK both global and domestic. This policy will IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES best serve our areas' growing economic base, Tuesday, January 21, 1986 Thursday, January 23, 1986 meet the job needs of our growing popula­ tion and assure a state of. the art informa­ Mr. OWENS. Mr. Speaker, the nation has Mr. LIVINGSTON. Mr. Speaker, I believe the tion-communication system for your con­ just celebrated the first National Martin Luther House of Representatives made a mistake stituents. King Holiday. Dr. King is not only the first when it passed H.R. 3838, the Tax Reform We hope that you will carefully consider black American to be honored by a national Act of 1985. Economically, it will cause a this aspect of the tax debate as you prepare holiday, but he is the first American to be so severe loss of capital investment in our indus­ to vote on tax reform legislation. For the trial base. Regionally, the South and Louisiana reasons outlined above, we respectfully re­ honored who neither fought in a war nor quest that you not support the recent tax counted military victories to his credit. He held specifically, this legislation creates a tax policy which retards investment and stymies eco­ bill approved by the Ways and Means Com­ no political office and yet this nonviolent mittee. champion of equal rights and opportunities for nomic growth. Yours very truly, all was to have a profound effect on the politi­ Before the full House debate on the tax bill, R.J. SHARP, cal life of this country. I received a letter from Mr. R.J. Sharp, vice Vice President. The first celebration of Martin Luther King president of South Central Bell detailing the R.N. TRAVIS, Day presented me, and the people of my dis­ concerns that they and their parent company, Assistant Vice President, Public Affairs. trict with a unique challenge. The 12th con­ BellSouth Corp., held regarding the bill. Mr. Sharp is opposed to the bill not only from his gressional district is the 10th poorest in the UKRAINIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY Nation. The unemployment rate among our company's standpoint, but also because of youth is over 50 percent which is exceeded by the adverse impact it would have on the eco­ the high school dropout rate. Within this con­ nomic expansion in the South. Specifically Mr. HON. WM. S. BROOMFIELD text, those of us who had remembered Dr. Sharp states that the repeal of the investment King were called upon to develop a program tax credit and the lengthening of the deprecia­ OF MICHIGAN which would make his ideals and values come tion schedules for equipment in the capital-in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tensive telephone industry are just two exam­ alive for our young people. The 12th Congres­ Wednesday, January 22, 1986 sional District Martin Luther King Commission ples why they opposed this legislation. I ap­ was founded to continue Dr. King's work and preciate their comments and arguments Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, we in the further the ideals which he lived and died for. against the committee-reported bill and I Congress know all too well the brief and tragic The commission developed a 5-year plan for would like to include Mr. Sharp's letter in the history of the Ukraine. All Americans and youth development and educational excel­ RECORD at this point: other citizens of the free world should know lence. SOUTH CENTRAL BELL, the sad story of that country. On a lovely The five-year plan includes the development New Orleans, LA, December 9, 1985. building in this city is written, "Past is pro­ and organization of programs on nonviolence Hon. BOB LIVINGSTON' logue; study the past." By knowing what hap­ U.S. House of Representati ves, Rayburn pened to that once-free country, we will come and peace, the development of youth talent in House Office Building, Washi ngton, DC. areas such as art, the improvement of basic DEAR CONGRESSMAN LIVINGSTON: The tax to appreciate the fact that we must work to student skills and academic performance, the reform program of this Congress began with keep our freedom. If we take it for granted, it development of youth sports and recreation goals of fairness and economic growth. The can be taken from us. I want to commend the and an increase in parent and student involve- process of developing legislation that meets Ukrainian Congress Committee of America for 514 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 23, 1986 its fine work in organizing the annual Ukraini­ attention of my colleagues to this observance ing, the Ukraine's rich cultural heritage has an Independence Day celebration. This year of Ukrainian Independence Day. never succumbed to Soviet domination and the celebration will be held on January 23. I Today, while over 50 million people live terror, although individual poets and writers wish the committee success in its worthwhile under Soviet domination in the land once such as Taras Shevchenko, and Mykola Khvy­ efforts to mark this special occasion with a fit­ known as the Ukraine, persons of Ukrainian lovy were officially suppressed and tortured. ting program. heritage in the United States and the free In like manner, the practice of religion by With their declaration of independence, world solemnly observe the inhumanity visited Christians and Jews in Ukraine has survived Ukrainians demonstrated to the world that upon their homeland and people throughout repeated attempts by the Soviet authorities to Moscow and Kiev represented two different its history by its captors. extinguish it. nations and two different mentalities. Kiev rep­ While the Soviet Union would have us be­ Mr. Speaker, Ukrainian-Americans join to­ resented the democratic concept of govern­ lieve that their Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Re­ gether with the people of the Ukraine, on this ment based on respect for human rights and public is a fully sovereign state with constitu­ day, in remembering the atrocities they have the dignity of man. Moscow represented not tional rights for its people, the truth of the endured. But perhaps more important, on this only totalitarianism, but also a godless force matter reveals a brutal and very different reali­ day, their voices rise up to proclaim that a of destruction. The Ukraine, with a population ty. The Ukraine as we know it today is but a people and its religion and culture will not be of over 50 million, was the first victim of colony of Soviet Russia with little, if any, local ended by Communist oppression. The true Soviet aggression. autonomy. Its constitution notwithstanding, pe­ spirit of freedom that so embodied the brief Since the tragic Soviet occupation of that titions for true independence from the and glorious Ukrainian Revolution of 1917-22 land, over 1O million Ukrainians have died in U.S.S.R. would be illegal and punishable by is still alive and will not die. This is what we the defense of their country. Today, we in the death. honor on this important day, and this is what I free world pay special tribute to the brave For all practical purposes, the "sovereignty" urge my colleagues to remember and ob­ men and women of the Ukraine who are still that we remember for Ukrainians on this day serve. carrying forward, at great personal danger and is but a distant memory of the proud revolu­ tion that lasted from 1917 until 1922. sacrifice, the never ending struggle for inde­ IKE'S LESSON, UNLEARNED pendence, and freedom. Thanks to their un­ Historically, while the Ukraine fended off in­ failing bravery, the cause of human rights is vasions and occupations for many years being carried forward. Soviet violations of the before the 1917 revolution, its long-held dis­ HON. JOSEPH P. ADDABBO Helsinki Final Act and the Kremlin's brutal im­ putes with Russia set the stage for subjuga­ OF NEW YORK perialism in Afghanistan are stark reminders of tion in the modern era. When the Ukrainian IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES National Republic declared independence in the fact that the Soviet bear is still willing to Thursday, January 23, 1986 crush and control its neighbors. The only 1918, the country found itself between Rus­ policy capable of shaking the foundations of sian Reds and Whites. Without the benefit of Mr. ADDABBO. Mr. Speaker, as the debate the Soviet empire is a policy motivated by the foreign aid and surrounded by hostile forces, over how to balance the budget heats up, it is idea of individual and national liberty for all. It the Ukraine was ultimately defeated in a bitter imperative that my colleagues join together to is this ideological weapon that the Commu­ struggle that left the Bolsheviks in control. At formulate a fair balance between the country's nists fear most. Let our Government never this time the Ukraine was once again rean­ military needs and the needs of a strong, pause in its struggle to win the independence nexed to Russia, and the stage was set for in­ healthy economy. In his 8 years in office, of the Ukraine and keep Afghanistan free. corporation into the Soviet empire. This asso­ President Eisenhower never stopped stressing With our help, the gift of freedom will be a re­ ciation of the Ukraine with Soviet Russia has the importance of striving for vigorous growth ality for the imprisoned nations that encircle only caused pain, suffering and death for mil­ in the economy not burdened by a huge defict our planet. lions of Ukrainians, and stands as a lasting re­ caused by a vast defense buildup. An editorial There is also another group of people who minder to nations around the globe that frater­ in the January 21, 1986, issue of the New deserve our praise. I want to pay tribute to the nity with Soviet Russia always means occupa­ York Times titled "Ike's Lesson, Unlearned" millions of Americans of Ukrainian descent tion and an end to basic dignity and human compares Ike's spending priorities with those who have given much of themselves to make rights. Indeed, the mass murders of Ukraini­ of the present administration. I urge my col­ America the great Nation that it is today. ans that began with the Stalin era in 1929 are leagues to carefully study this important mes­ These hard-working citizens have toiled in perhaps the starkest reminder of the lengths sage. farms and fields and sweated in America's in­ to which the Soviets will go to oppress those IKE'S LESSON, UNLEARNED dustry to win a better life for future genera­ within their grip. A quarter-century ago, after guiding tions. Ukrainian-Americans treasure their free­ Under Stalin, the political killings that America through eight years of peace and dom and respect the desire for freedom of marked his first years in power were acceler­ prosperity, President Eisenhower delivered ated with the collectivization of agriculture. a famous farewell address. It is best remem­ others. They have not forgotten their brothers bered for warning against "the acquisition and sisters in the Ukraine who yearn for the Meeting with the fierce resistance that has always marked the Ukrainian spirit, Stalin de­ of unwarranted influence . . . by the mili­ liberty that we take for granted. tary-industrial complex. But Ike's valedic­ Let me again commend the Ukrainian Con­ cided to force matters to a final resolution. tory centered on a more fundamental gress Committee of America for its admirable The Ukrainian crop harvest of 1932 was con­ theme: balancing defense spending with the efforts in sustaining this struggle for human fiscated by the Soviets causing a famine of needs of a healthy economy. None of his freedom. In the end, the power of the human genocide proportions. successors has ignored that advice more By the end of 1933, millions of Ukrainians than . spirit will triumph over the forces of oppres­ During the Eisenhower years the Soviet sion. had died from this artificial, manmade famine. During World War II, Ukrainians suffered Union and China were resurgent hostile greatly and were further victimized at the powers that probed menacingly, from Korea to Berlin, for Western weakness. Ike came UKRAINIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY war's end when Stalin again requisitioned under incessant pressure from Congress and Ukrainian grain to feed Russia. the armed services to increase defense It is not possible to estimate accurately the spending. But even in the near-panic over HON. WILLIAM 0. LIPINSKI human toll of war, famine, and state terrorism the Berlin crisis and the Soviet launching of OF ILLINOIS in 20th century Ukraine. From what little data the Sputnik satellite, he refused to let the Pentagon budget unbalance the Federal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are available, we do know that at least 15 mil­ lion Ukrainians were left dead, and countless budget. Wednesday, January 22, 1986 perished as a direct result of Stalin's atroc­ Now, instead of a vigorous Sino-Soviet alli­ ance Mr. Reagan faces an independent Mr. LIPINSKI. Mr. Speaker, as cochairman ities. China and a Soviet Union whose ideology of the Democratic Council on Ethnic-Ameri­ Despite its history of persecution, on this has grown unsalable abroad and unservice­ cans, whose goal is to bring traditional ethnic Ukrainian Independence Day, we celebrate able at home. While America could not have concerns and values to the forefront of the the enduring Ukrainian spirit of fierce pride long maintained its huge margin of nuclear Democratic Party's agenda, I want to draw the and resolve for the future. Despite its suffer- superiority of the 50's, it has pushed far for- January 23, 1986 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 515 ward in everything else that matters-most I believe that Dr. King would have been tion and gave the Attorney General power notably a healthy, innovative economy. Yet moved and gratified, as I was, to hear those to go to Federal Court about any known in· in the dream of regaining the strategic eloquent young people working today to help terference with the right to vote. And the margin, Mr. Reagan has put the economy at achieve his dream. Civil Rights Act of 1960 started voting refer­ risk. Instead of a steady and sustainable im­ ees to help qualified voters to register and provement in defense he has embarked on a One of the prize-winning speeches was pre­ vote. crash buildup, financed by vast deficits. pared by Jarrod Johnson, a 5th grade student But the cause continued. On August 28, Like Mr. Reagan, Ike viewed the Soviet who is now being taught by Mr. Richard Barter 1963, over a quarter of a million people from Union as a ruthless adversary. But he and Mrs. Susan Atkins. Ms. Georgia Klaras is many nationalities, races, religions, and be­ judged endurance and an economy unbur­ the principal of the Worthington school. liefs all came together to support the dream dened with deficits to be the essential re­ Michell Shields, a senior at Morningside for all to be equal in the historical March sponse, not "emotional and transitory sacri­ High School, delivered the other prize-winning on Washington. Miraculously to some, but fices ... Like Mr. Reagan, he heard Edward speech. Ms. JoAnn Jolly Sparks serves as Mi­ unsurprisingly to others, the event did Teller, the hydrogen-bomb maker, urge de­ chell's counselor and Jerrie Martin is the prin­ greatly affect the Kennedy Administration velopment of new kinds of nuclear weapon­ that was in office during that time. The ry. But he knew enough about weapons to cipal of Morningside High. I insert copies of these powerful tributes to Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed that impose his own judgments of military neces­ forbid any discriminatory voting registra­ sity. When the Air Force pressed for a nu­ Dr. King by Jarrod and Michell in the RECORD tion requirements, and also, the Voting clear-powered aircraft, Ike wondered if the at this point, and I urge colleagues to take the Rights Act of 1965 that charged that the next proposal would be to put wings on the time to read them. When you do, you will be state's poll tax law for voting was unconsti­ liner Queen Elizabeth. as inspired as I was in hearing them delivered. tutional and suspended it from being used He would surely have rejected a "Star THE FOLLOWING Is THE TEXT DELIVERED BY in any state. Wars" missile defense. When the Gaither MICHELL SHIELDS, MORNINGSIDE HIGH Blacks have come a long way since the Commission recommended its contemporary SCHOOL, 12TH GRADE days of the back seat of the buses and sepa­ equivalent, a $30 billion program of civil de­ Blacks have been repressed for more than rate drinking fountains, but as always, there fense, Eisenhower turned it down flat, with 200 years. Ever since the first shipload of in­ is still a long path to be traveled. Discrimi­ his usual lecture about balance, avoidance dentured servants sailed to the English nation is not on paper or signs anymore, but of panic and the danger of becoming a "gar­ North American colonies in 1619, all black unfortunately, it is still in the hearts and rison state," notes Stephen Ambrose, the people were titled slaves and treated as minds of many. For some older people, dis­ historian. third class citizens, under the second class crimination is on the skin bruised; for some Ike knew the difference between national poor whites of course. But over the years, younger people today, discrimination is in security and service rivalries. "Some day," there have been many people to help rectify the mind confused. Nevertheless, the dream he wrote to his friend Swede Hazlett, "there this situation of blacks. A few of the best continues to live by many means, whether it is going to be a man sitting in my present known are: Frederick Douglass who wrote be USA for Africa and Live Aid, a variety of chair who has not been raised in the mili­ the North Star paper during the middle musicians coming together to help starving tary services and who will have little under­ 1800's, telling of the injustices faced by people in Africa; or concerned Americans standing of where slashes in their estimates slaves; Harriet Tubman, who helped more wanting to help persecuted immigrants-the can be made with little or no damage. If than 200 slaves escape during the Civil War; dream is still there, people helping people that should happen while we still have the and Booker T. Washington, who founded for a better way of life. state of tension that now exists in the the now prestigious Tuskegee Institute for It does a heart good to see the concern, world, I shudder to think of what could blacks in 1881. love, and devotion people put out everyday happen in this country." But blacks were not the only ones sympa­ in causes, be it save the whales or save the Mr. Reagan and Secretary of Defense thetic to the problems faced by slaves. One world. Some say it is a fad, but faith and Weinberger have given the armed services of the most famous and important was our spirit can never go out of style. As long as everything each demands, without discrimi­ 16th President, Abraham Lincoln. In 1863, we keep the faith, hope, and dream, some­ nation or overall plan. In the process, Mr. President Lincoln signed the Emancipation one will always be there for the people in Reagan has run up crushing deficits and Proclamation Act that freed the slaves. But the world. doubled the national debt. were they free? Were they treated equally Yes, the dream does live and through Mr. Reagan faces a more complex world in society? Needless to say, they were not. many ways-through music by Stevie than Ike. His deficits, defense spending and Blacks were not the only ones persecuted Wonder, through religion by Reverend refusal to raise taxes serve his goal of reduc­ because of people's ignorance for the God­ Jesse Jackson, and through a great man's ing domestic spending. His strategic buildup given right to be treated equal. There were and husband's spirit, by Coretta Scott King. has caught Soviet attention and may yet the Indians, who were forced to leave the Today is a day that has been long over­ secure a significant arms agreement. But now America by the English and British, all due-17 years overdue since the time of Dr. the buildup and the deficits are high-risk the way through to the Jewish people in King's death. Today marks the first time departures from Ike's advice. If these gam­ Nazi Germany during the Second World that Dr. King's birthday will be celebrated bles fail, Mr. Reagan will have launched a War. as a national holiday. furious renewal of both the arms race and Many began to wonder when would all the Yes, blacks have come a long way since 17 inflation. injustices end? Everyone has the unaliena­ years ago, and many have died never know­ ble right to be treated equally in all aspects ing just how far we have come. But we still of life. But one, a man who did not just sit have to keep striving for the culmination of TRIBUTES TO MARTIN LUTHER around wondering, decided to get out and Dr. King's dream for all to be equal. KING, JR. help the cause. He had a dream. It was a Though in the end, only God Himself will dream deeply rooted in the American be the equalizer for that. We all should try dream, that one day this nation would rise everyday to give Him a little less work to do, up and live out the true meaning of its through patience, openmindedness, and un­ HON. MEL LEVINE creed, and he held these truths to be self. derstanding for all those who are not differ­ OF CALIFORNIA evident, that all men are created equal. ent from us, but the same as us, all living a Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. did have a dream to be equal. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dream. He saw the abuses of people against Tuesday, January 21, 1986 people as a child. As he grew older, he start­ THE FOLLOWING Is THE TEXT OF "LIVING THE ed realizing different parts of his dream. By DREAM" BY JARROD JOHNSON, WORTHING· Mr. LEVINE of California. Mr. Speaker, this the time he was a young man, he started to TON SCHOOL, FIFTH GRADE past Monday in Inglewood, a city I am fortu­ preach his dream to any and all who would Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., was a man nate to represent, I participated in a very listen, and to those who would not. Up­ that had a dream that one day people of all moving march and ceremony to honor Dr. turned noses, closed ears, and big mouths nations, races, and religion would come to­ Martin Luther King, and his dream. The high­ did not keep Dr. King from preaching what gether as one and live as brothers sharing light of the ceremony for me was the reading he had to preach. each other's lives, giving of themselves not The time of most turmoil in his life was just one day out of a year, but each day of by two inspired children, a 12th grader and a during the 1950's and 60's, but greatly be­ their lives. 5th grader, of tributes they prepared about Dr. cause of him, bills were passed by President Although Dr. King died before I was born, King. These two children delivered the prize Johnson's Administration. The Civil Rights I have heard and read a lot about him; what winning speeches in a competition sponsored Act of 1957 started the United States Civil a great man he was to try and make • • • by the Inglewood City School System. Rights Commission to stop voter discrimina- but he took on the responsibility himself be- 516 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 23, 1986 cause he knew by being a spiritual-minded now coming into effect: Starting with 1985 youngest person ever to graduate from law man and believing and trusting in God, all tax returns, the Internal Revenue Service is school. This latest accomplishment tops the things are possible. to withhold any tax refunds due to people fact that at the age of 12 he was the youngest Many times there were obstacles put in allegedly in default on government loans. student ever to enter New York University. At his way to discourage him but he never gave It is not to condone deadbeats to say that up the dream that one day all men will be this is a lousy idea, which should never have 14 he graduated with honors from the Univer­ treated equally-not judged by the color of been passed and should be dumped after a sity of Miami with a bachelor of science their skin or by how much money a person two-year trial period. The job of the IRS is degree in computer science and math. I has, but by his abilities as a man. to collect taxes and ensure tax compliance­ expect that he will some day be the youngest Many times he was put in jail, even not to become ex officio courts to try, con­ Chief Justice ever. beaten, but he never gave up because he vict and fine people who allegedly owe the We are all proud of Stephen and I would knew someone had to try and he knew that government money on non-tax related mat­ like to insert in the RECORD part of the text of ters. his dream had to come through and he was the invitation his parents prepared for the going to do everything in his power with the According to the Office of Management help of God, and with the help of other and Budget, the IRS's new police function celebration of his marvelous achievement: people who wanted the same things that he will be used to get at some 650,000 individ­ We the People of the United States of wanted to come true. One day all men, uals in default on $1.3 billion for past and America, through the infinite wisdom of our women, and children would enjoy a life of present student loans to the Department of founding fathers, have been endowed with success, joy, and happiness. This world was Education. the opportunity to excel in every aspect of created not for some of the people but for Another 100,000 people are targeted for life. An individual needs only to aspire and all of the people. allegedly being in default on loans from the persevere in order to prosper. Stephen One day they succeeded in taking his life. Department of Housing and Urban Affairs, Baccus is one such individual. Yet, the day That's all they were able to take away from Small Business Administration, Veterans is rare when one achieves the heights of ex­ him. They were not able to take away his Administration and Agriculture Depart­ cellence as Stephen has. Let it be known dream or his beliefs. No, Dr. King's death ment. that at the age of sixteen years, Stephen was not for nothing. Because today we chil­ So what's wrong with using one govern­ has become the youngest graduate of Law dren are the ones who are living the dream. ment agency to collect for defaults to an­ School in history. A special day in Stephen's We no longer have to sit in the back of the other? In our view, several things. honor is therefore declared • • •. bus. We do not have to enter the back door First of all it is interesting to note the tes­ of a restaurant. Yes, we are the ones who timony of Roscoe Egger, the IRS commis­ are benefiting from that dream. My mother sioner, in hearings last September before TOWARD A NATIONAL NUTRI­ sometimes sits and tells my sisters and the House Ways and Means Committee. TION MONITORING SYSTEM brothers and me how it was in the old days. Noting that a 1982 law had mandated the Before integration, blacks were separated IRS to withhold refunds due to people al­ from whites in schools, where they worked, legedly delinquent in child support pay­ HON.DOUG WALGREN ments, Egger testified that IRS studies OF PENNSYLVANIA and where they ate as well. showed that people thus fined were "twice Now because of Dr. King's hard work and as likely to become non-filers and three IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES because of that dream that he gave his life times as likely to have a tax delinquency in Thursday, January 23, 1986 for, we are living that dream. Today chil­ the following year." dren of different races are free to go to Thus the first thing wrong with using the Mr. WALGREN. Mr. Speaker, in the midst of schools where they want to. Because of that IRS as a policeman is that it doesn't work. this winter season, images of homeless and dream we can learn all we can and enjoy our People stop filing or start filing late, costing hungry people are appearing daily on televi­ life and live wherever we want to. Dr. King, the government money on both accounts. sion screens and in the press. The problem of we thank you from the bottom of our hearts That's the short, technical reason we hunger in this country is real. As a people, we for not giving up on dreaming and your don't like the idea. But there is a philosoph­ honest belief that your dream would and have yet to realize its true magnitude. ical one that goes deeper. Although private sources have estimated could come true. Why did those people stop filing or start filing late? that 1O to 20 million Americans suffer from malnutrition, the number of hungry Americans NO IRS BIG BROTHER According to Egger, it is because most tax­ payers believe their tax information is con­ cannot be found in official statistics. Until this fidential. To turn the IRS into a policeman problem is quantified, an effective remedy will HON. DON EDWARDS "violates their trust" in the tax system. This not be created. OF CALIFORNIA attitude, "right or wrong," he said, "is real." Good "nutrition" is hard to measure. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Big government is bad when it begins re­ wide array of Federal, State, and local agen­ sembling the monolithic state envisaged by Thursday, January 23, 1986 cies concerned with nutrition confirm how im­ George Orwell in his classic " 1984"