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Türk Dışişlerinde Fatin Rüştü Zorlu

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Türk Dışişlerinde Fatin Rüştü Zorlu Hacettepe Üniversitesi Atatürk İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü TÜRK DIŞİŞLERİNDE FATİN RÜŞTÜ ZORLU Ferdi Uzun YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ ANKARA 2015 İ BİLDİRİM FORMU Yüksek Lisans Tezi olarak sunduğum “Türk Dışişlerinde Fatin Rüştü Zorlu” adlı çalışmanın, tarafımdan, bilimsel ahlak ve geleneklere aykırı düşecek bir yardıma başvurmaksızın yazıldığını ve yararlandığım eserlerin kaynakçada gösterilenlerden olduğunu, bunlara atıf yapılarak yararlanılmış olduğunu belirtir ve onurumla doğrularım. … / … / 2015 Ferdi Uzun Hacettepe Üniversitesi Atatürk İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü’ne, İşbu çalışma, jürimiz tarafından Atatürk İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi Anabilim Dalında DOKTORA/YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ olarak kabul edilmiştir. Başkan : ............................................................................. Üye : ............................................................................. Üye : ............................................................................. Üye : ............................................................................. Üye : ............................................................................. Yukarıdaki imzaların, adı geçen öğretim üyelerine ait olduğunu onaylarım. .../.../....... Prof. Dr. Adnan Sofuoğlu Enstitü Müdürü ii ÖZET Galatasaray Lisesi’nden mezun olan Fatin Rüştü Zorlu Cenevre Üniversitesi’nde Hukuk ve Paris’te Siyasi Bilgiler eğitimi aldı. 1932 yılında Dışişleri Bakanlığı’nda çalışmaya başlayan Zorlu, 1934 yılındaki Silahsızlanma Konferansına kâtip olarak, 1936 yılındaki Montreux Konferansında hukuk müşaviri olarak Türk Heyetinde yer aldı. 1939 yılında Paris’e başkâtip olarak atanan Zorlu, Kuybişev’de maslahatgüzarlık, Beyrut’ta başkonsolosluk yaptı. Türkiye II. Dünya Savaşından sonra zamanın şartlarına bağlı olarak siyasi sistemini, dış politika ve ekonomi politikalarını değiştirdi. Bu durumdan sonra Fatin Rüştü Zorlu, almış olduğu eğitimi, başarılı görevleri ve sosyal statüsünden dolayı Türk Diplomasisi için daha önemli bir figür haline geldi. 1946’da Dışişleri Bakanlığı İktisat ve Ticaret Dairesi’ne Genel Müdür oldu. 1952 yılında NATO Daimi Delegesi olarak atandı. 1954 yılında Çanakkale’den Milletvekili seçilen Zorlu Devlet Bakanı ve Başbakan Yardımcısı olarak kabineye girdi. 1955 yılındaki Bandung Konferansında Türk Heyetine başkanlık yaptı. Fatin Rüştü Zorlu Kıbrıs Konusu ve Türkiye’nin ekonomik ilişkileriyle ilgilendi. 6-7 Eylül Olaylarından sonra Kasım 1955'te Kabineden istifa eden Zorlu Temmuz 1957’de Basın İşlerinden Sorumlu Devlet Bakanı olarak Kabineye geri döndü. 1957 seçimlerinden sonra, 25 Kasım 1957’de Dışişleri Bakanı oldu. Sonuç olarak Fatin Rüştü Zorlu, uluslararası arenada iyi bilinen, özgür Dünya olarak nitelendirilen Batı Bloğunda savunma ve ekonomik işbirliklerini destekleyen bir figür olarak tanınmıştır. Zorlu uluslararası konferansların tanınan yüzü olmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Fatin Rüştü Zorlu, Türk Dışişleri Bakanlığı, Türk Dış Politikası iii ABSTRACT A graduate of the Galatasaray Lycee in Istanbul, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu holds L.L.B. degrees from the Law School of the University of Geneva and from the School of Political Science in Paris. Mr. Zorlu entered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1932 and was successively Secretary to the Turkish Delegation to Disarmament Conference in 1934, legal adviser to the Turkish Delegation to the Montreux Conference in 1936. He was appointed First Secretary to the Turkish Embassy in Paris in 1939, he later became Charge d’Affaires in Kuybyshev and Consul-General in Beirut. After World War II, Turkey changed political system, economic and foreign policies, because of circumstances of mentioned time. After this situation, Mr. Zorlu became more important for Turkish Diplomacy. He was appointed Director-General of the Department of Economy and Commerce at the Ministry Foreign Affairs in 1946. In 1952 he was appointed Ambassador and Turkish Representative to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Elected to the Grand National Assembly from the Constituency of Çanakkale in 1954, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu entered the Cabinet as Minister of State and Deputy Prime Minister. He headed to the Turkish Delegation to the Bandung Conference in 1955. Mr. Zorlu took a strong interest in Cyprus issue and economic relations of Turkey. After 6-7 September Events, Resigning from the Cabinet on November 1955, he re-entered as Minister of State for Press Affairs on July 1957. Later, he became Minister of Foreign Affairs on November 25, 1957. As a result, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu was a well-known figure on the international scene. Mr. Zorlu has come to be recognized as one of the freeworld’s foremost exponents of collective defense and economic cohesion. Mr. Zorlu has been a familiar personality at almost every major international conference. Keywords: Fatin Rüştü Zorlu, Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Turkish Foreign Policy İÇİNDEKİLER BİLDİRİM FORMU ................................................................................................................i ÖZET VE ANAHTAR KELİMELER ................................................................................... ii ABSTRACT AND KEYWORDS ......................................................................................... iii ÖNSÖZ ................................................................................................................................. iv KISALTMALAR ................................................................................................................... v GİRİŞ ..................................................................................................................................... 1 I.BÖLÜM: FATİN RÜŞTÜ ZORLU KİMDİR? A. Fatin Rüştü Zorlu ve Zorlu’nun Ailesi, Çocukluğu, Gençliği, Eğitimi…………………..14 B. Emel Aras ile Evlenmesi ve Yankıları……………………………………..……………..16 II. BÖLÜM: BÜROKRAT FATİN RÜŞTÜ ZORLU A. Dışişlerindeki İlk Görevleri ve Yükselişi…………………….…………………………..18 B. İkinci Dünya Savaşı Sonrası Türkiye’deki Dönüşüm ve Fatin Rüştü Zorlu’nun Öneminin Artması…………………………………………………………………...………………….23 B.1- Dışişleri Ticaret ve İktisat Dairesinde Fatin Rüştü Zorlu…………………...….28 B.2- NATO Daimi Delegesi Fatin Rüştü Zorlu……………………...………………31 III. BÖLÜM: SİYASET ADAMI FATİN RÜŞTÜ ZORLU A. Siyasi Hayata Girişi…………………………….………..……………………………….35 A.1-Gizli Dışişleri Bakanı Fatin Rüştü Zorlu………………………………..………36 A.2-Fatin Rüştü Zorlu Bandung’ta Zor Bir Görevde: Tarafsızlar Arasında Taraflı Türkiye’nin Temsilcisi Zorlu…………………………………………..……………38 A.3-Bağdat Paktı’nda Fatin Rüştü Zorlu’nun Rolü ve Ortadoğu Ülkeleri Hakkındaki Görüşleri………………………………………………………..……………………43 B. Kıbrıs Meselesinde Devlet Bakanı ve Dışişleri Bakan Vekili Fatin Rüştü Zorlu……………………………..……………………………….………………………….46 B.1- Kıbrıs Meselesinin Ortaya Çıkışı ve Gelişimi……………………….…………46 B.2- Fatin Rüştü Zorlu Birinci Londra Görüşmelerinde……………...……………..53 B.3- Ortalık Karışıyor: 6-7 Eylül Olayları ve Fatin Rüştü Zorlu…………………....56 B.4- Fatin Rüştü Zorlunun Zor Günleri: Zorluya Karşı Muhalefet, Zorlunun İstifası ve Parlamentodan Uzak Günleri…………………………………..……………………59 C. Dışişleri Bakanı Fatin Rüştü Zorlu……………………………………………………….61 C.1-Dışişleri Bakanı Zorlu ve Ekonomi……………………………………..………62 C.2-Dışişleri Bakanı Zorlu’nun Uğraştığı Belli Başlı Meseleler……...…………….65 C.3-Dışişleri Bakanı Zorlu ve Tekrar Kıbrıs Meselesi………………………………69 IV.BÖLÜM: SON: Fatin Rüştü Zorlu’nun Siyasi Yaşamının ve Yaşamının Son Bulması A. 27 Mayıs 1960 Darbesine Giden Süreçte Yaşananlar……..……………………..………77 A.1-Demokrat Parti ve Muhalefet İlişkisi………………………………………...…77 A.2-Demokrat Parti ve Türkiye’de Laiklik Meselesi…………….………………….81 A.3-Demokrat Parti ile Basın, Aydın ve Öğrenci İlişkileri………….………………82 A.4-Demokrat Parti ve Ordu İlişkisi…………………………………………...……86 B. 27 Mayıs 1960 Darbesi ve Fatin Rüştü Zorlu…………………………………………… 88 SONUÇ…………………………………………………………………………………...…93 BİBLİYOGRAFYA………………………………………………………………………...98 EKLER…………………………………………………………..………………………...109 iv ÖNSÖZ II. Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra değişen Dünya düzeninde Türkiye’de siyasi, ekonomik ve politik değişimler yaşanmış olup Türk Dış Politikası da konjonktüre göre yeniden yapılanmıştır. Bu değişim ve dönüşüm savaşın hemen sonunda CHP iktidarı döneminde başlamıştır. Türkiye’de çok partili hayata geçiş süreci yaşandıktan sonra Demokrat Parti iktidara gelmiş, CHP zamanında başlayan Batı eğilimli politikalar daha da hız kazanmıştır. Sovyet tehlikesinin de bir etkisi sonucu Batı merkezli dış politika güdülmüştür. Bizim ele alacağımız konu ise kendine has bir karakteri olan Fatin Rüştü Zorlu’nun Türk Dışişlerindeki rolü ve etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Fatin Rüştü Zorlu’nun ailevi arka planı ve almış olduğu eğitim onun Türk siyaset sahnesinde yer almasını ve özellikle de Türk Dışişlerinde ve politikasında etkili bir şahsiyet olmasını sağlamıştır. Fatin Rüştü Zorlu anne tarafından paşa torunudur. Babası İbrahim Rüştü Paşa olan Zorlu iyi bir eğitim almıştır. Galatasaray Lisesi’nin Ticaret Bölümünden mezun olup Paris’te siyasal bilgiler okumuş ardından Cenevre’de hukuk eğitimi almıştır. Atatürk’ün de bilgisi dâhilinde Tevfik Rüştü Aras’ın kızı Emel Hanım ile evlenmiştir. Zorlu Demokrat Parti İktidarından önce Dışişlerinde çeşitli görevlerde bulunmuş olup Montrö başta olmak üzere önemli uluslararası görüşmelere katılmış ve çok değerli tecrübeler kazanmıştır. Zorlu, Demokrat Parti iktidarında Başbakan Yardımcılığı, Devlet Bakanlığı ve Dışişleri Bakanlığı görevlerini üstlenmiştir. Zorlu özellikle de dış ülkelerle olan ekonomik ilişkiler ve ticaretle ilgilenmiş ülkeye maksimum düzeyde
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