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Notes and References Notes and References Introduction 1. See: BENNIGSEN, A. and C. LEMERCIER-QUELQUEJAY. The Evolution of the Muslim Nationalities of the USSR and Their Linguistic Problems. Central Asian Research Centre and St. Anthony's College: Oxford, 1961; BENNIGSEN, A. A. and S. E. WIMBUSH. Muslim National Communism in the Soviet Union: A Revolutionary Strategy for the Colonial World. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1979; BENNIGSEN BROXUP, M. Volga Tatars. In: SMITH, G., ed. The Nationalities Question in the Soviet Union. London: Longman, 1991; BURBIEL, G. Tatar Literature. In: LUCKYJ, G. S. N., ed. Discordant Voices. The Non-Russian Literature 1953-1973. Oakville (On­ tario): Mosaic Press, 1975; LAZZERINI, E. J. Tatarovedenie and the 'New Historiography' in the Soviet Union: Revising the Interpretation of the Tatar-Russian Relationship. Slavic Review, vol. 40, no. 4 (Winter 1981); DAVLETSHIN, T. Soviet Tatarstan. Theory and Practice of Lenin's National­ ity Policy. London: Our World Publishers, 1974; RORLICH, A-A. The Volga Tatars. A Profile in National Resilience. Stanford (Calif.): Hoover Institu­ tion Press, 1986; WALKER, E. W., The Dog That Didn't Bark: Tatarstan and Asymmetrical Federalism in Russia. UC Berkeley, 27 November 1996; ZENKOVSKY, S. Pan-Turkism and Islam in Russia. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard Univ. Press, 1960. 2. See: DROBIZHEVA, L. M., ed. NatsionaVnoye samosoznanie i natsionalism v Rossiiskoi Federatsii v nachale 1990-kh godov. Moscow, 1994; Konfliktnaya etnichnosV i etnicheskie konflikty. Moscow, 1994; DROBIZHEVA, L. M. Tsennosti i simvoly natsionaVnogo samosoznaniya v perekhodnykh obshchestvakh. Moscow, 1994; DROBIZHEVA, L. M., ed. Suverenitet i etnicheskoe samosoznanie: ideologiya i praktika. Moscow, 1995; DROBIZHEVA, L. M., ed. Demokratizatsiya i obrazy natsionalizma v Rossiiskoi Federatsii v 1990- e gody. Moscow, 1996. 3. ARUTYUNYAN, Yu. V., L. M. DROBIZHEVA and O. I. SHKARATAN, eds. SotsiaVnoe i natsionaVnoe. Opyt etnosotsiologicheskogo issledovaniya po materialam Tatarskoi ASSR. Moscow: Nauka, 1973; BROMLEI, Yu. V. et. al., eds. EtnosotsiaTnye problemy goroda. Moscow: Nauka, 1986; SHKARATAN, O. I., ed. NTR i natsionaVnye protsessy. Moscow: Nauka, 1987; ISKHAKOV, D., ed. Sovremennye natsionaVnye protsessy v Respublike Tatarstan. In 2 volumes. Kazan: IYaLI, 1992, 1994. See also: MUSINA, R. N., ed. Sovremennye mezhnatsionaVnye protsessy v TSSR (Programma issledovaniya i instrumentarii). Kazan': IYaLI, 1990. 1 Economic Modernisation in Tataria and its Impact on Social and Ethnic Stratification 1. See, for example: DEUTSCH, K. Nationalism and Social Communication. An Inquiry into the Foundations of Nationality. London: Chapman and 198 Notes and References 199 Hall, 1953, p. 100; GELLNER, E. Thought and Change. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1964, p. 155; GELLNER, E. Nations and Nationalism. Ox­ ford: Blackwell, 1983; HECHTER, M. Internal Colonialism: The Celtic Fringe in British National Development, 1536-1966. Berkeley (Calif.): Univ. of California Press, 1975, p. 30; SHIBUTANI, T. and K. KWAN. Ethnic Strati­ fication: A Comparative Approach. New York: Collier, 1968; SMITH, A. D. Nationalism: A Trend Report and Bibliography. Current Sociology, 1973, vol. 21, no. 3; SMITH, A. D. The Ethnic Revival. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1981, p. 165; HOROWITZ, D. L. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley (Calif.): Univ. of California Press, 1985, p. 146. This list could be easily extended. 2. MUSTAFIN M. R. and R. G. KHUZEEV. Vse o Tatarstane (Ekonomiko- geograficheskii spravochnik). Kazan': Tatknigoizdat, 1992, p. 34. 3. MUSTAFIN and KHUZEEV, ref. 2, p. 34. 4. MUSTAFIN and KHUZEEV, ref. 2, p. 34. 5. KNYAZEV, S. L., N. S. GATIYATULLIN and G. P. ABRAGIEV NefV i gaz Respubliki Tatarstan. Sbornik dokumentov, tsifr i materialov. In 3 volumes. Moscow: Nedra, 1993, vol. 1, pp. 17-18. 6. MUSTAFIN and KHUZEEV, ref. 2, p. 35. 7. KNYAZEV et. al., ref. 5, p. 18. 8. MUSTAFIN and KHUZEEV, ref. 2, p. 36. 9. MUSTAFIN and KHUZEEV, ref. 2, pp. 16-17. 10. ARUTYUNYAN, Yu. V, L. V. DROBIZHEVA and O. I. SHKARATAN, eds. Sotsialnoe i natsionalnoe. Opyt etnosotsiologicheskogo issledovaniya po materialam Tatarskoi ASSR. Moscow: Nauka, 1973, p. 19. 11. KOZLOV, V. I. NatsionaVnosti SSSR. Etnodemograficheskii obzor. 2nd ed. Moscow: Finansy i statistika, 1982, pp. 88-9. 12. NatsionaVnyi sostav naseleniya RSFSR: Po dannym Vsesoyuznoi perepisi naseleniya 1989. Moscow: Respublikanskii informatsionno-izdatel'skii tsentr, 1990, pp. 8, 11, 14, 123-4. 13. KOZLOV, ref. 11, pp. 85-7, 97. 14. ARUTYUNYAN et. al., ref. 10, pp. 25-6. 15. See: ARUTYUNYAN et al., ref. 10, pp. 25-8; BROMLEI, Yu. V. et al., eds. EtnosotsiaVnye problemy goroda. Moscow: Nauka, 1986, p. 118. 16. See: ARUTYUNYAN et al., ref. 10, p. 27; BROMLEI et al., ref. 15, p. 118; PEREPELKIN, L. S. Istoki mezhetnicheskogo konflikta v Tatarii. In: Mir Rossii, 1992, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 106. 17. MUSINA, R. N., ed. Sovremennye mezhnatsionaVnye protsessy v TSSR (Programma issledovaniya i instrumentarii). Kazan': IYaLI, 1991, pp. 13-17. 18. GARIPOV, Ya. Z. Sotsial'no-etnicheskaya struktura rabotnikov i mezhnatsional'nye otnosheniya na KamAZe. In: ISKHAKOV, D., ed. Sovremennye natsionaVnye protsessy v Respublike Tatarstan. Vol. 1. Kazan': IYaLI, 1992. 19. GARIPOV, ref. 18, pp. 66-9. 20. GARIPOV, ref. 18, p. 15. 21. See: YERMOLAEV, V. M. Demograficheskii ocherk Tatarskoi respubliki. In: IBRAGIMOV, G. G. and N. I. VOROB'EV, eds., Materialy po izucheniyu Tatarstana (Sbornik statei). 2nd issue. Kazan': 1925, p. 135. 22. ARUTYUNYAN et. al., ref. 10, p. 58. 200 Notes and References 23. BROMLEI et. al., ref. 15, p. 158. 24. BROMLEI et. al., ref. 15, p. 169. 25. BROMLEI et. al., ref. 15, p. 158. 26. BROMLEI et. al., ref. 15, pp. 164-5. 27. SHKARATAN, O. I., ed. NTR i natsionaVnye protsessy. Moscow: Nauka, 1987, pp. 119-21. 28. SHKARATAN, ref. 27, p. 122. 29. BROMLEI et. al., ref. 15, pp. 164-5. 30. GANIEV, M. N. Sotsial'no-etnicheskaya struktura nauchnykh kadrov Respubliki Tatarstan i nekotorye problemy ee optimizatsii. In: D. ISKHAKOV, ed. Sovremennye natsionaVnye protsessy v Respublike Tatarstan. Vol. 1. Kazan': IYaLI, 1992, p. 93. 31. Ganiev, ref. 30, pp. 92-95. 32. See: Slovo agitatora, 1989, no. 8, p. 33. 33. MUSINA, ref. 17, pp. 14-15. 34. See Slovo agitatora, 1989, no. 81, p. 33. 35. ROTHSCHILD, J. Ethnopolitics. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1981, p. 81. 36. ARUTYUNYAN et. al., ref. 10, Chapter 2. 37. ZASLAVSKY, V. Ethnic group divided: social stratification and national­ ity policy in the Soviet Union. In: POTICHNYJ, P., ed. The Soviet Union, Party and Society. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1988, pp. 222-3. 2 Modernisation and the Problem of Ethnic Status in Tataria 1. See: TAJFEL, H. The Social Psychology of Minorities. London: Minority Rights Group, 1978; TAJFEL, H., ed. Differentiation between Social Groups. Studies in the Social Psychology oflntergroup Relations. London: Academic Press, 1978; TAJFEL, H. and J. TURNER. An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In: AUSTIN, W. G. and S. WORCHEL, eds. The Social Psychol­ ogy oflntergroup Relations. Monterey (Calif.): Brooks/Cole, 1979; TAJFEL, H., ed. Social Identity and Intergroup Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1982; TURNER, J. Rediscovering the Social Group: A Self- Categorisation Theory. Oxford: Blackwell, 1987. See also: HOROWITZ, D. L. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley (Calif.): Univ. of California Press, 1985. 2. FUKS, K. F. Kazanskie tatary v statisticheskom i etnograficheskom otnosheniyakh. Kazan': 1844, p. 1. 3. See: VOROB'EV, N. I. Kazanskie tatary. Kazan': 1953; MUSTAFIN, M. R. Novye tendentsii v rasselenii naseleniya Tatarii. Kazan': Izd-vo Tatarskogo respublikanskogo upravleniya statistiki, 1990, pp. 18-19 (note that this study includes a set of maps illustrating demographic processes in the republic for the last century); see also: VOROB'EV, N. I. Kazanskie tatary. (Etnograficheskii ocherk). In: IBRAGIMOV, G. G. and N. I. VOROB'EV, eds, Materialy po izucheniyu Tatarstana (Sbornik statei). 2nd issue. Kazan': 1925, p. 135. 4. See, for example: VOROB'EV, ref. 3, p. 165; IBRAGIMOV, G. Tatary v revolutsii 1905 goda. Kazan': Gosizdat, 1926, p. 23. 5. See: FIRSOV, N. Inorodcheskoe naselenie prezhnego Kazanskogo tsarstva do 1762 goda i kolonizatsiya Zakamskikh zemeV v eto vremya. Kazan': 1869, pp. 140-62. Notes and References 201 6. See: PINEGIN, M. Kazan v ee proshlom i nastoyashchem. St. Petersburg: 1890, pp. 127-8, 145, 149-50; BENNIGSEN, A. and S. ENDERS WIMBUSH. Muslims of the Soviet Empire: A Guide. London: C. Hurst & Company, 1985, p. 235; BENNIGSEN, A. and C. QUELQUEJAY. The Evolution of the Muslim Nationalities of the USSR and Their Linguistic Problems. Ox­ ford: St. Anthony's College, 1961. 7. See: VALIDOV, J. Ocherk istorii obrazovannosti i literatury tatar (do revolutsii 1917g.). Moscow-Petrograd: Gosizdat, 1923, pp. 11-12. 8. On the Jadid movement see: VALIDOV, J. Ocherk istorii obrazovannosti i literatury tatar (do revolutsii 1917 goda). Moscow-Petrograd, 1923; IBRAGIMOV, ref. 4; in English: RORLICH, A-A. The Volga Tatars. A Pro­ file in National Resilience. Stanford (Calif.): Hoover Institution Press, 1986; ZENKOVSKY, S. Pan-Turkism and Islam in Russia. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard Univ. Press, 1960. 9. IBRAGIMOV, ref. 4, pp. 26-7. 10. See: FUKS, ref. 2, p. 117. 11. See: VALIDOV, ref. 8, pp. 44-5, 77-80. 12. See: DEUTSCH, K. Nationalism and Social Communication. An Inquiry into the Foundations of Nationality. London: Chapman and Hall, 1953; see also: HROCH, M. Social Preconditions of National Revival in Europe. Cam­ bridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1985. 13. See for example: SHIBUTANI, T. and K. KWAN. Ethnic Stratification: A Comparative Approach. New York: Collier, 1968; GLAZER, N. and D. P. MOYNIHAN. Beyond the Melting Pot. Cambridge (Mass.): The M.I.T. Press, 1963. 14. See: ZENKOVSKY, ref. 8, p. 35; DAVLETSHIN, T. Sovetsky Tatarstan. London: Our World Publishers, 1974, pp, 120-50. 15. See: T. DAVLETSHIN, ref. 14, p. 179; BENNIGSEN, A. A. and S. E. WIMBUSH. Muslim National Communism in the Soviet Union: A Revol­ utionary Strategy for the Colonial World. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1979, pp. 90-2. 16. See: RUKAVISHNIKOV, V.
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