Gender Relations in Post-Earthquake Kathmandu, Nepal

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Gender Relations in Post-Earthquake Kathmandu, Nepal MASTER THESIS Gender relations in Post-Earthquake Kathmandu, Nepal Name: Elorry Mahou Student Number: 941025540130 E-Mail: [email protected] Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Elisabet Rasch University: Wageningen University and Research (WUR) Program: Master International Development Studies Specialization: Politics and Governance of Development (PGD) Abstract The earthquake that stoke Nepal in 2015 had a considerable impact on the population as 8,790 people died and more than 22,300 people were injured. Numerous reports and articles address the effect of the earthquake. However, a lack of gendered impact of the earthquake’s assessment and evaluation is observed. This thesis examines how women, and grassroots organizations in Kathmandu, cope with the gendered impact of the earthquake that took place in April 2015 in Nepal. To understand the gendered lived experience of the catastrophe two significant concepts are used throughout the whole research: actor-oriented approach and gendered impact of the earthquake. They allow a bottom-up understanding of the lived experience of women and Nepalese NGOs, as well as their coping strategies on health and safety impacts of the earthquake. This qualitative research is conducted with the help of semi-structured interviews, participatory observation, informal conversations, and photography. It is argued that by using an actor-oriented approach, the thesis shows elements and dynamics of gendered impacts of the earthquake and coping strategies from women and Nepalese NGOs that would not be visible otherwise. The case of the 2015 earthquake shows that the gendered impact of the disaster is multilayered and dynamic and that women were are at a greater risk of health problems and insecurity. Moreover, it indicates that women should not be seen as helpless victims but as actors with agency who can partly resist and alter the gendered impact of a disaster. Keywords: Gender, Earthquake, Actor-oriented approach, Gendered impact of a disaster ii Acknowledgments Throughout this research, Nepal has become a second home country. This thesis was a real journey during which I grew up a lot and realized how lucky I am for all the support I have received. First of all, I want to thank my supervisor Dr. Elisabet Rasch for making this research, and this fantastic experience, possible. Thank you for your expert advice and incredible support throughout this whole process. This research would not be completed without the precious help and time investment of Neera. We started with a work relation – researcher/translator – and as we crossed dusty Kathmandu, you showed me your incredible human qualities and became a friend for life. Thanks, Nisha for opening your house to me and for making me part of your family which will always be in my heart. Thanks to my Nepalese friends, especially Sanjana, Subin, Sandeep, Niraz and Wangyal for your support and friendship. And finally, last but not means least, thanks to Roman for being so patient, a source of inspiration, a best friend, and my boyfriend. To my life-coach – Isabelle Mahou – I owe it all to you. Elorry Mahou August 2018 Copyright © 2018. All rights reserved. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................................. II ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................................................................... III LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES AND PICTURES ................................................................................................... VI LIST OF ACRONYMS .............................................................................................................................................. VI 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 1 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ........................................................................................................................ 5 2.1 GENDERED IMPACT OF DISASTER.................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 Gender ................................................................................................................................................................................ 6 2.1.2 Disaster .............................................................................................................................................................................. 8 2.1.3 Gendered impact of disaster .................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 ACTOR ORIENTED APPROACH ....................................................................................................................................... 11 2.3 GENDERED IMPACT OF DISASTER LINKED TO ACTOR ORIENTED APPROACH ........................................................ 12 3. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................................ 14 3.1 RESEARCH SETTING........................................................................................................................................................ 15 3.2 THE FIELDWORK ............................................................................................................................................................. 16 3.3 DATA COLLECTION ......................................................................................................................................................... 17 3.3.1 Semi-structured interviews ................................................................................................................................... 17 3.3.2 Participatory observation ...................................................................................................................................... 20 3.3.3 Informal conversations ........................................................................................................................................... 22 3.3.4 Photography ................................................................................................................................................................. 22 3.4 ANALYSIS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 23 3.5 ETHICS .............................................................................................................................................................................. 24 3.6 FIELDWORK REFLECTION .............................................................................................................................................. 25 4. NEPALESE CONTEXT ....................................................................................................................................... 27 4.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND – DEMOCRACY IN NEPAL & 2015 CONSTITUTION .................................................. 28 4.2 SOCIAL STRUCTURES: CASTES, ETHNICITIES AND RELIGIONS ................................................................................ 30 4.3 SOCIAL ECONOMIC CONTEXT ......................................................................................................................................... 32 4.4 GENDER ISSUES ............................................................................................................................................................... 33 4.5 2015 NEPAL EARTHQUAKE ......................................................................................................................................... 34 4.6 EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE ............................................................................................................................................... 34 4.7 GENDER ISSUES AND INEQUALITIES IN POST-EARTHQUAKE NEPAL ...................................................................... 36 5. GENDER RELATIONS AS PERCEIVED BY WOMEN ................................................................................. 38 5.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................... 39 5.2 CASTE RELATIONS .......................................................................................................................................................... 39 5.3 WOMEN & MEN RELATIONS .......................................................................................................................................... 41 5.3.1 Role division at home ............................................................................................................................................... 42 5.3.2 Marriage......................................................................................................................................................................... 43 5.3.3 Period ............................................................................................................................................................................... 45 5.3.4 Safety ..............................................................................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Nursing Association of Nepal List of Life Members S.No
    Nursing Association of Nepal List of Life Members S.No. Regd. No. Name Post Address 1 2 Mrs. Prema Singh 2 14 Mrs. I. Mathema Bir Hospital 3 15 Ms. Manu Bangdel Matron Maternity Hospital 4 19 Mrs. Geeta Murch 5 20 Mrs. Dhana Nani Lohani Lect. Nursing C. Maharajgunj 6 24 Mrs. Saraswati Shrestha Sister Mental Hospital 7 25 Mrs. Nati Maya Shrestha (Pradhan) Sister Kanti Hospital 8 26 Mrs. I. Tuladhar 9 32 Mrs. Laxmi Singh 10 33 Mrs. Sarada Tuladhar Sister Pokhara Hospital 11 37 Mrs. Mita Thakur Ad. Matron Bir Hospital 12 42 Ms. Rameshwori Shrestha Sister Bir Hospital 13 43 Ms. Anju Sharma Lect. 14 44 Ms. Sabitry Basnet Ast. Matron Teaching Hospital 15 45 Ms. Sarada Shrestha 16 46 Ms. Geeta Pandey Matron T.U.T. H 17 47 Ms. Kamala Tuladhar Lect. 18 49 Ms. Bijaya K. C. Matron Teku Hospital 19 50 Ms.Sabitry Bhattarai D. Inst Nursing Campus 20 52 Ms. Neeta Pokharel Lect. F.H.P. 21 53 Ms. Sarmista Singh Publin H. Nurse F. H. P. 22 54 Ms. Sabitri Joshi S.P.H.N F.H.P. 23 55 Ms. Tuka Chhetry S.P.HN 24 56 Ms. Urmila Shrestha Sister Bir Hospital 25 57 Ms. Maya Manandhar Sister 26 58 Ms. Indra Maya Pandey Sister 27 62 Ms. Laxmi Thakur Lect. 28 63 Ms. Krishna Prabha Chhetri PHN F.P.M.C.H. 29 64 Ms. Archana Bhattacharya Lect. 30 65 Ms. Indira Pradhan Matron Teku Hospital S.No. Regd. No. Name Post Address 31 67 Ms.
    [Show full text]
  • Gaaro: Nepali Women Tell Their Stories Sarah Cramer AD: Christina Monson SIT Nepal Fall 2007
    SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Fall 2007 Gaaro: Nepali Women Tell Their tS ories Sarah Cramer SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Gender and Sexuality Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, and the Politics and Social Change Commons Recommended Citation Cramer, Sarah, "Gaaro: Nepali Women Tell Their tS ories" (2007). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 134. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/134 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Gaaro: Nepali Women Tell Their Stories Sarah Cramer AD: Christina Monson SIT Nepal Fall 2007 Dedication: Cramer 2 For every Nepali or bideshi who can learn something from it or already has. For everyone who knows something of human empathy and for those who wish to strive for more. Cramer 3 Acknowledgements: Firstly, I would like to acknowledge Mina Rana for her help with my project. Without her translation help and her endless curiosity which constantly pushed me to reach for more, this paper would have been empty of many things. I also want to thank her for her exuberance and love of learning new things which showed me over and over again the value of such an endeavor as mine. I would secondly like to thank Aarti Bhatt, Rory Katz, and Patrick Robbins for all of our late nights, silly and serious.
    [Show full text]
  • Participant I Directory
    PARTICIPANT I DIRECTORY FY 1974-1978 SUPPLEMENT, JANUARY 1979 UPDATED, SEPTEMBER 1985 PARTICIPANT DIRECTORY 1974 - 1978 UPDATED 1985 Table of Contents Page Number Section ... ... ... ... ... ... ... i Preface ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ii List of Acronyms ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A-i Alphabetical Index of Participants ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... G-I Geographical Location of Participants by Area of Training ... ... ... ... U-i ... ...*... ... ... ... Brief Description of the Survey and Utilization Tally Summary ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1-1 Principal Listing of Participants : Code 100, Agriculture and Natural Resources ... ... ... 2-1 Code 200, Industry and Mining* ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3-1 Code 300, Transportation ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5-1 Code 500, Health aud Sanitation ... ... ... ...... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 6-1 Code 600, Education ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 7-1 Code 700, Public Administration ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 8-1 Code 800, Community Development ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... 9-i Code 900, Miscellaneous* ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * No participants are listed under these two codes. Pre face This volume updates the USAID/Nepal Participant Directory covering the period FY 1974- FY 1978. In this edition, the "Home Address", "Training Period" where necessary, "Present
    [Show full text]
  • In the Name of 'Empowerment': Women and Development in Urban Nepal
    In the name of ‘empowerment’: women and development in urban Nepal Margaret Becker Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy Department of Anthropology School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts The University of Adelaide December 2016 Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................... v Thesis declaration ...................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgements .................................................................................................. vii Transliteration ........................................................................................................... ix List of acronyms and abbreviations ........................................................................... x Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 Ethnographic locations and methodology .................................................................. 3 Situating the organisations ......................................................................................... 5 Critical perspectives on development ........................................................................ 8 Critical perspectives on empowerment .................................................................... 12 Reflections on empowerment ................................................................................... 18 The structure
    [Show full text]
  • Report: Intersections of Violence Against Women and Girls with Post
    Intersections of violence against women and girls with state-building and peace-building: Lessons from Nepal, Sierra Leone and South Sudan Cover image: Josh Estey/CARE The photos in this report do not represent women and girls who themselves have been affected by gender-based violence nor who Table of contents accessed services. Acknowledgements 2 Acronyms 3 Executive summary 4 Background 4 Case study development 5 Overall summary findings 6 Conclusions and recommendations 9 Background 11 Violence against women and girls in conflict and post-conflict settings 11 State-building and peace-building processes 13 The study 15 Intersections of SBPB and VAWG – findings from the literature review 16 A conceptual framework linking state-building and peace-building and violence against women and girls 18 Case studies 22 Overall summary findings 27 Conclusions and recommendations 41 Annexes 47 Annex 1: Methods 48 Annex 2: Analytical framework 50 Annex 3: Nepal case study 56 Annex 4: Sierra Leone case study 68 Annex 5: South Sudan case study 80 Bibliography 94 Funding 100 Partners 101 Intersections of violence against women and girls with state-building and peace-building: Lessons from Nepal, Sierra Leone and South Sudan 1 Acknowledgements Acronyms The overall report and case studies were drafted by Aisling All People’s Congress APC Swaine, Michelle Spearing, Maureen Murphy and Manuel Contreras. Armed Forces Revolutionary Council AFRC In-country support for qualitative research was received Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) CPN (M) from CARE’s country offices in Nepal (particularly Bisika Comprehensive Peace Agreement CPA Thapa), Sierra Leone (particularly Christiana Momoh) and South Sudan (particularly Dorcas Acen).
    [Show full text]
  • 789 1 - 7 January 2016 16 Pages Rs 50
    #789 1 - 7 January 2016 16 pages Rs 50 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER DIWAKAR CHETTRI DIWAKAR BEGONE 2015 aving survived a year like the one that just ended, 2016 has to turn out Hbetter for Nepal. The country was punished first by God, then by our own incompetent leaders, and now by India. We are glad to bid goodbye to 12 YEAR ON YEAR SICK OF THE COLD painful months, and would like to think that Nepal woes have bottomed out. EDITORIAL PAGE 2 Special report from Rasuwa, Gorkha There is now nowhere to go but up. and Sindhupalchok on earthquake Still, the attrition is taking its toll on 28 million Nepalis and the two AUTHORITY TO survivors. million homeless earthquake survivors whose misery is multiplied manyfold. RECONSTRUCT This humanitarian disaster is now becoming a crime against humanity. BY OM ASTHA RAI PAGE 13 PAGE 7, 14-15 2 EDITORIAL 1 - 7 JANUARY 2016 #789 YEAR ON YEAR 2015 could have been worse, here’s hoping 2016 is kinder to Nepal aving survived a year like diversification, and a strategic the one that just ended, shift away from dependence H2016 has to turn out on Indian petroleum. We better for Nepal. The country hear assurances from the was punished first by God, government, but we don’t then by our own incompetent yet see a strategic national leaders, and now by India. We commitment to those goals. are glad to bid goodbye to 12 Meanwhile, the attrition painful months, and would like is taking its toll on 28 million to think that Nepal's woes have Nepalis and the two million bottomed out.
    [Show full text]
  • Rebuilding Nepal: Women's Roles in Political Transition and Disaster
    Rebuilding Nepal: Women’s Roles in Political Transition and Disaster Recovery BRIANA MAWBY AND ANNA APPLEBAUM Authors Briana Mawby (Hillary Rodham Clinton Research Fellow 2015–17, GIWPS) Anna Applebaum (Hillary Rodham Clinton Research Fellow 2015–17, GIWPS) Expert Advisers Ambassador Melanne Verveer (Executive Director, GIWPS) Roslyn Warren (Former Research Partnerships Manager, GIWPS) Acknowledgements The authors of this report are deeply grateful to the Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security and to the many individuals who helped make this report possible. The authors would like to express their profound gratitude to Preeti Thapa (Asia Foundation and mediator/dialogue facilitator) and Margaret Ar- nold (World Bank) for serving as external reviewers of this report. They served in an individual capacity and not on behalf of their respective organizations. The authors would like to thank the following individuals for their advice and support: Ambassador Alaina B. Teplitz, Jasmine-Kim Westendorf, Jeni Klugman, Roslyn Warren, Mayesha Alam, Chloé White, Holly Fuhrman, Sarah Rutherford, Rebecca Turkington, Luis Mancilla, Andrew Walker, Andrea Welsh, Haydn Welch, Katherine Butler-Dines, Alexander Rohlwing, Kayla Elson, Tala Anchassi, Elizabeth Dana, Abigail Nichols, and Meredith Forsyth. The authors would also like to express deep gratitude to Reeti K. C. and Claire Naylor for their contributions and support. The Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security Georgetown University’s Institute for Women, Peace and Security (GIWPS) seeks to promote a more stable, peaceful, and just world by focusing on the important role women play in preventing conflict and building peace, growing economies, and addressing global threats like climate change and violent extremism.
    [Show full text]
  • 722 29 August - 4 September 2014 20 Pages Rs 50
    #722 29 August - 4 September 2014 20 pages Rs 50 HUM GURUNG MISSING ANOTHER DEADLINE Mist-ical Dolpa The UCPN(M) threatens to delay the constitution if it is not allowed to lead a parallel government hile the rest of Nepal suffered massive landslides and floods this month, in the trans-Himalayan rain shadow the country’s THE DEADLINE Wlargest and most remote district remained in splendid BY DAMAKANT JAYSHI isolation. Dolpa’s jewel is Phoksundo (above) a lapis lazuli-coloured lake, Nepal’s deepest and second-biggest. The district is the last two among Nepal’s 75 that doesn’t yet have a road connection. Noted PAGE 4 conservationist Hum Gurung travelled to Shey Phoksundo National Park recently to study the region’s spiritual tradition of protecting WATCHING nature, and examine how the sanctuary may be affected by a new road MISS GREEN that will connect Dolpa to the rest of Nepal. THE WATCHDOG The CIAA’s recent sting operations go The World Wildlife Fund appoints after small fry Miss Nepal Subin Limbu as its nepalitimes.com Young Conservation Ambassador. See photo gallery LEGALESE PAGE 16-17 BY BINITA DAHAL PAGE 7 2 EDITORIAL 29 AUGUST - 4 SEPTEMBER 2014 #722 DISASTROUS MANAGEMENT e call them ‘natural disasters’: earthquakes, floods, warning, but are not all that unexpected. The last three landslides. Yet, earthquakes don’t kill people, Nepal is woefully unprepared for calamities issues of this paper have flood stories on page 1 (below). unsafe buildings do. Our ancestors instinctively which are made even more deadly because of In 2008, the government, after much prodding from knewW not to live along river banks, settlements were located bad planning and poor response a consortium of donors, set up a Central Disaster Relief along ridges.
    [Show full text]
  • Priority Areas for Addressing Sexual and Gender Based Violence in Nepal
    Report UNFPA Nepal Priority Areas for Addressing Sexual and Gender Based Violence in Nepal HURDEC, May 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Context ............................................................................................ 1 II. Framework and Methodology ......................................................... 2 III. Women, Peace and Security related Initiatives ............................. 2 IV. Sexual and Gender Based Violence (SGBV), Conflict and Peace 5 V. Key Initiatives regarding SGBV ...................................................... 7 5.1 Service Providers: ..................................................................... 8 5.2. Area Coverage, Target Groups and Implementing Partners .... 9 5.3. Institutional Measures taken regarding SGBV ........................ 10 VI. Assessment of Areas of Improvement in existing SGBV related interventions: .................................................................................... 12 VII. Recommendations - Priority Areas for UNFPA .......................... 14 7.1. Increase capacity of service providers at all levels ................. 15 7.2 Strengthen/Build Partnerships ................................................. 15 7.3 Support establishment of community level women's groups networks for prevention and protection. ........................................ 16 ANNEXES ........................................................................................ 17 Report - Identifying UNFPA Nepal priority areas for SGBV I. Context Impact of the 11 year insurgency in
    [Show full text]
  • Kathmandu After Dark Text by Shreesha Nakhwa
    ISSUE 305 RS 50 28 June 2017 31 cfiff( 2074 www.fridayweekly.com.np TOP 5 EVENTS Vatvatey Reunion @ Park Village KICKSTART Miss Nepal 2017 Nikita Rules ! Hall of Frame Exclusive photos of KTM 2017 series Kathmandu launch www.facebook.com/fridayweekly after Dark what is there to do at night? Except sleep. If that’s what you believe, think again! Kickstart//Out and About Newsfeed k ckstart Nikita! Rules! TEXT BY AMAR B. SHRESTHA ood behavior, excellent A wonderful victory, no doubt! “Yes, grooming, and tasteful attire— my family is really proud of me,” she these are the three things says. This, naturally, is another aspect Gthat Nikita Chandak,Miss in her favor to reach the challenging Nepal 2017, finds most attractive in a goal she’s set on achieving, since family man. But, even if you think you are a support gives a tremendous boost to deserving guy who fits the bill, it’s not one’s confidence. “My family is very the right time to make a move. She’s encouraging,” she adds. completely focused on first making Talking about her Miss Nepal a career for herself (besides of course experience, the girl from Urlabari, having her plate full as the reigning Morang, says, “I am not that decisive Miss Nepal) and it’s not just some a person, so even after I was selected ordinary career she has her mind on. in the audition, I was in two minds She wants to be an actress and rule the about entering the contest.”Enter she silver screen.
    [Show full text]
  • Nepal-Urban-Housing-Sector-Profile
    NEPAL URBAN HOUSING SECTOR PROFILE Copyright © United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), 2010 An electronic version of this publication is available for download from the UN-HABITAT web-site at http://www.unhabitat.org All rights reserved United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) P.O. Box 30030, GPO Nairobi 0010, Kenya Tel: +254 20 762 3120 Fax: +254 20 762 3477 Web: www.unhabitat.org DISCLAIMER The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Secretariat concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the United Nations, and a failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval. Excerpts from the text may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. HS Number: HS/079/11E ISBN Number (Volume): 978-92-1-132373-3 ISBN Number (Series): 978-92-1-131927-9 Layout: Gideon Mureithi Printing: UNON, Publishing Services Section, Nairobi, ISO 14001:2004-certified. NEPAL URBAN HOUSING SECTOR PROFILE NEPAL URBAN HOUSING SECTOR PROFILE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS HOUSING PROFILE CORE TEAM Supervisor: Claudio Acioly Jr. Task Managers: Christophe Lalande, Rasmus Precht and Lowie Rosales National Project Managers: Prafulla Man Singh Pradhan and Padma Sunder Joshi Principal Authors: Ester van Steekelenburg and the Centre for Integrated Urban Development Team (CIUD): Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Epicentre to Aftermath Edited by Michael Hutt, Mark Liechty, Stefanie Lotter Frontmatter More Information
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-83405-6 — Epicentre to Aftermath Edited by Michael Hutt, Mark Liechty, Stefanie Lotter Frontmatter More Information Epicentre to Aftermath Epicentre to Aftermath makes both empirical and conceptual contributions to the growing body of disaster studies literature by providing an analysis of a disaster aftermath that is steeped in the political and cultural complexities of its social and historical context. Drawing together scholars from a range of disciplines, this book highlights the political, historical, cultural, artistic, emotional, temporal, embodied and material dynamics at play in the earthquake aftermath. Crucially, it shows that the experience and meaning of a disaster are not given or inevitable, but are the outcome of situated human agency. The book suggests a whole new epistemology of disaster consequences and their meanings, and dramatically expands the field of knowledge relevant to understanding disasters and their outcomes. Michael Hutt is a scholar of Nepali literature and Emeritus Professor of Nepali and Himalayan Studies at SOAS, University of London. He has authored and edited fourteen books and over fifty articles and book chapters on Nepali and Himalayan topics. He co-edited, with Pratyoush Onta, Political Change and Public Culture in Post-1990 Nepal, which was published by the Press in 2017. Mark Liechty is Professor of Anthropology and History at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He is a cultural anthropologist by training and has been a student of Nepali and South Asian culture and history for more than three decades. He is the author of influential books on modern Nepal and a oundingf co-editor of the journal Studies in Nepali History and Society.
    [Show full text]