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BRIDGET WILLIAMS information sheet BOOKS The Treaty of Waitangi | Te Tiriti o Waitangi An Illustrated History (new edition) Claudia Orange Claudia Orange’s writing on the Treaty has contributed to New Zealanders’ understanding of this history for over thirty years. In this new edition of her popular illustrated history, Dr Orange brings the narrative of Te Tiriti/Treaty up to date, covering major developments in iwi claims and Treaty settlements – including the ‘personhood’ established for the Whanganui River and Te Urewera, applications for customary title in the foreshore and seabed, and critical matters of intellectual property, language and political partnership. New Zealand’s commitment to the Treaty claims process has far-reaching implications for this country’s future, and this clear account provides readers with invaluable insights into an all-important history. The Treaty of Waitangi by Claudia Orange was fi rst published in 1987 to national acclaim, receiving the Goodman Fielder Wattie Award. This widely respected history has since advanced through several new editions. The Treaty of Waitangi/Te Tiriti o Waitangi: An Illustrated History is the most comprehensive RRP: $49.99 | paperback | 215 x 265mm account yet, presented in full colour and drawing on 488 pages | over 300 illustrations Dr Orange’s recent research into the nine sheets of the ISBN 9781988587189 Treaty and their signatories. Publication: 8 December 2020 Distributor: David Bateman Ltd PO Box 100 242, North Shore Mail Centre, Auckland 0745 | (09) 415 7664 extn 0 [email protected] Sales Manager: Bryce Gibson (09) 415 7664 extn 811 | [email protected] Sales Representatives: KEY POINTS Murray Brown – Waikato, Bay of Plenty, Coromandel , Auckland, Northland • A comprehensive and beautifully illustrated history 021 278 6396 | [email protected] of the Treaty that is accessible to the general reader. Shane Delaney – South Island • This updated edition includes new chapters on the 021 626 746 | [email protected] Treaty history of the last decade. Shane Williamson – Wellington, Taranaki, • A fresh visual narrative, now presented in full colour Manawatu, Hawke’s Bay throughout. 027 446 2650 | [email protected] Nicole Robinson – telesales (based in Nelson) 09 415 7664 ext 815 | [email protected] Bridget Williams Books | PO Box 12474 | Wellington 6144 | New Zealand | +64 4 473 8128 | [email protected] | www.bwb.co.nz Contents Preface Chapter 6: New Departures – 1975 to 1987 Chapter 1: An Independent Land – New Zealand to Chapter 7: The Roller-Coaster Years – 1987 to 1990 1840 Chapter 8: A Decade of Claims – The 1990s Chapter 2: The Treaty of Waitangi / Te Tiriti o Chapter 9: New Century, New Challenges – 2000 to Waitangi – 1840 2008 Chapter 3: A Matter of Mana – 1840 to 1870 Chapter 10: National Years – 2008 to 2017 Chapter 4: Colonial Power and Māori Rights – 1870 to Chapter 11: Building New Bridges 1900 Endmatter: including appendices, glossary, Chapter 5: Into the Twentieth Century – 1900 to 1975 bibliographic references and index Endorsements ‘Claudia Orange is an outstanding New Zealand historian. Her long-standing commitment to public history and Treaty education sets a standard to which most of us can only aspire. Books such as this will continue to influence how New Zealanders view and value the past for years to come.’ Aroha Harris, Associate Professor of History, University of Auckland ‘That it has taken so long for the moral force of the Treaty to change the course of events, as it is doing now, is a commentary not on the weakness of the Treaty itself but on the powerful ethos of colonialism. This book is commended to all who love their country.’ Ranginui Walker DCNZM, reviewing the first edition of The Treaty of Waitangi published in 1987 ‘Claudia Orange has made an extraordinary contribution to the important national conversation relating to the Treaty of Waitangi and to New Zealanders’ understanding of ourselves – our history and our identity. Her work remains a cornerstone of research related to the Treaty and it is difficult to overstate the impact it has had on scholarly and public understanding.’ Carwyn Jones, Associate Professor of Law, Victoria University of Wellington ‘Claudia Orange’s scholarship on the Treaty of Waitangi has been amongst the most influential contributions to New Zealand’s developing understanding of the agreement signed in 1840. I don’t know of any other work on the Treaty which has endured in this manner and engaged so many people. Her contribution to our development as a nation is vast and invaluable.’ Janine Hayward, Professor of Politics, University of Otago About the Author Dame Claudia Orange is one of New Zealand’s most distinguished historians. After publishing her first, award- winning history The Treaty of Waitangi in 1987, she became General Editor of the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, released in five volumes with the Māori biographies also in te reo Māori (now online at www.dnzb. govt.nz). A director at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa for many years, she is now a research associate at the museum. Dame Claudia has received many awards and honours for her contribution to a wider understanding of our history, which includes research for the He Tohu and Te Kōngahu Museum of Waitangi exhibitions. Publications • The Treaty of Waitangi (1987, 2011), Goodman Fielder Wattie Award • An Illustrated History of the Treaty (1990, 2004) • The Story of a Treaty (1989, 2013) • General Editor, The Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, Vols 2–5 (1993–2000) Bridget Williams Books | PO Box 12474 | Wellington 6144 | New Zealand | +64 4 473 8128 | [email protected] | www.bwb.co.nz 14 THE TREATY OF WAITANGI | AN ILLUSTRATED HISTORY CHAPTER ONE | AN INDEPENDENT LAND – NEW ZEALAND TO 1840 15 A watercolour drawing by John Eyre of the first Government House, Sydney, where Te Pahi was hosted by Governor Philip King. The Māori leader’s ability and shrewdness impressed King, who was keen to build a Left Philip Gidley King, Governor of New South Wales from 1800 to 1806. He had established friendly trading relationship with him. Te Pahi controlled a good anchorage at his home settlement of Te Puna in the Bay relations with Māori after kidnapping, then befriending, two men from northern New Zealand, Tukitahua of Islands; from the early 1800s it became a hub for replenishing foreign ships trading and whaling in the Pacific. and Te Hurukokoti, who spent time on Norfolk Island when King was Lieutenant-Governor there in the The Governor had a silver medal made for Te Pahi, to mark the relationship forged between the two men. 1790s. King came to greatly admire the men, returned them to their homes, and sought ways to establish relationships with New Zealanders. Right Te Pahi, a senior Ngāpuhi rangatira and entrepreneur from the northern shores of the Bay of Islands. He Marsden also invited chiefs to visit him at his Parramatta home near Sydney, where they was the first influential Māori leader to visit New South Wales. This portrait is taken from a drawing made learnt agricultural techniques and trade skills, and their sons remained to be ‘educated’. during his three months in Sydney with his sons in 1805–6. He returned to New Zealand with a prefabricated Māori leaders often met the Governor, and they expected this personal relationship with cottage, tools, seeds and livestock. the Crown’s representative to continue. Some Māori wanted to visit the British sovereign himself, as Hongi Hika and Waikato did in 1820, meeting King George IV. British ships out of Sydney; five years later Lachlan Macquarie tried to apply more stringent Hongi returned, equipped with muskets, to initiate a ten-year period of tribal warfare regulations governing recruitment, wages and maltreatment, and these were repeated in more destructive than the traditional battles. He also carried back the idea that he had 1814. They failed to be effective because New Zealand was independent territory, outside formed a special relationship with the King. Based on no more than the audience with the the limits of British authority. In 1817, 1823 and 1828, the British Parliament passed laws to monarch, in northern Māori tradition it was seen as tantamount to an alliance. In the next make British subjects answerable for misdeeds committed outside British settlements or on decades northern leaders were drawn into direct personal relationships with the Crown the high seas. While these laws proved impossible to enforce, they did define New Zealand through British naval vessels visiting northern harbours. The reciprocal nature of this naval as independent territory and ‘not within His Majesty’s dominions’. trade was usually recognised by letters and gift-giving. Crucial in shaping Māori attitudes to the British Crown was the missionary activity of Marsden shrewdly perceived that trade would lead to Māori dependence on Europeans New South Wales chaplain, Samuel Marsden. On his seven visits to New Zealand, Marsden and open the way to Christianity. He planned New Zealand’s first mission station, which promoted the belief that the Crown had a paternal interest in Māori welfare. The 1814 was set up by the CMS at Rangihoua in the Bay of Islands in 1814. It was not a success. But regulations and the 1817 Act were drawn to the attention of Māori and the 1823 Act was from Henry Williams’s arrival at Paihia in 1823, the missions gradually gained some self- translated in te reo. sufficiency. In the 1830s, their work was rewarded with many conversions and a widespread 276 THE TREATY OF WAITANGI | AN ILLUSTRATED HISTORY CHAPTER EIGHT | A DECADE OF CLAIMS – THE 1990S 277 Members of Te Whakatōhea ascend the staircase in the Beehive at Parliament on 1 October 1996, among them Tuhiakia Keepa (centre foreground) and Mere Walker (centre right, carrying a kete).