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Tradisi Mangandung Dalam Acara Adat Perkawinan Masyarakat Angkola

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Tradisi Mangandung Dalam Acara Adat Perkawinan Masyarakat Angkola TRADISI MANGANDUNG DALAM ACARA ADAT PERKAWINAN MASYARAKAT ANGKOLA DISERTASI Oleh HENNILAWATI NIM: 148107004 PROGRAM DOKTOR (S3) LINGUISTIK FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2019 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TRADISI MANGANDUNG DALAM ACARA ADAT PERKAWINAN MASYARAKAT ANGKOLA DISERTASI Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar doktor dalam Program Doktor Linguistik pada Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara di bawah pimpinan Rektor Universitas Sumatera Utara Prof. Dr. Runtung Sitepu, S.H., M.Hum. untuk dipertahankan di hadapan sidang Terbuka Senat Universitas Sumatera Utara Oleh HENNILAWATI NIM: 148107004 Program Doktor (S3) Linguistik FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2019 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TRADISI MANGANDUNG DALAM ACARA ADAT PERKAWINAN MASYARAKAT ANGKOLA ABSTRAK Tradisi mangandung merupakan tradisi menangis, meratap, sambil berkata-kata yang dapat kita saksikan dalam berbagai kesempatan baik siriaon (suka cita) maupun siluluton (duka cita). Fokus penelitian ini lebih ditekankan pada bentuk performansi dalam tradisi mangandung dalam acara adat tradisi mangandung, nilai dan norma, nilai kearifan lokal dalam acara adat tradisi mangandung acara adat perkawinan MA, serta model revitalisasi tradisi mangandung dalam acara adat perkawinan MA. Kajian tradisi lisan digunakan sebagai pendekatan dalam penelitian ini, dengan menggunakan konsep performansi, nilai budaya, kearifan lokal, revitalisasi untuk menganalisis penelitian ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif, dengan model etnografi Spradley, yaitu melihat fenomena budaya dengan sudut pandang pemilik budaya, artinya proses penelitian berjalan secara dialogis antara peneliti dengan informan dimana informasi yang diperoleh selama penelitian merupakan hasil kerjasama antara peneliti dengan informan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan observasi serta dokumen yang terkait dengan tradisi mangandung dalam acara adat perkawinan yang dilalui lewat tahapan-tahapan etnografi mulai dari menetapkan informan sampai dengan penulisan etnografi. Tradisi mangandung dalam acara adat perkawinan MA, dianalisis dengan analisis domain, taksonomi, komponensial, sampai pada penemuan nilai budaya. Performansi dalam hasil penelitian ini, dimulai dari sidang mangampar ruji, mangalehen mangan, mangalehen sipaingot, dan pasahat boru. Sementara makna dan fungsi dalam tradisi mangandung dalam acara adat perkawinan MA sebagai bentuk perpisahan antara orangtua dan anak perempuan yang akan menikah, dan berfungsi sebagai ekspresi kesedihan. Nilai dan norma dalam tradisi mangandung dalam acara adat perkawinan MA sebagai hubungan manusia dengan pencipta semesta alam, hubungan manusia dengan manusia, hubungan manusia dengan karya, hubungan manusia dengan waktu, hagabeon, marsisarian, dan kemasyarakatan dalam dalihan na tolu. Kearifan lokal dalam tradisi mangandung adalah perlakuan yang sama terhadap orang lain, penghormatan, kesopansantunan, komitmen, kesehatan dan kesejahteraan, kerukunan hidup, Tanggung jawab, dan gotong royong. Revitalisasi yang dapat dilakukan dalam tradisi ini pengolahan, pengaktifan, serta pewarisan. Kata kunci: tradisi lisan, performansi,makna dan fungsi,nilai dan norma, kearifan lokal, revitalisasi i UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MANGANDUNG TRADITION IN THE TRADITIONAL WEDDING CEREMONY OF THE ANGKOLA COMMUNITY ABSTRACT Mangandung tradition is a tradition of crying, wailing, while saying words that we can learn on various occasions both siriaon (joy) and siluluton (grief). The focus of this research is more on the form of activities in the mangandung tradition in the event of mangandung tradition, values and norms, wisdom values in traditional customs events containing the traditional marriage ceremonies of the Supreme Court, and the revitalization model of the mangandung tradition in the MA traditional marriage. General nature studies such as those used in this study, using concepts, cultural values, local wisdom, revitalization to move this research. The method used in this study is a qualitative method, with the Spradley ethnographic model, which looks at cultural phenomena with information angles, and the process carried out by researchers with informants where the information obtained during the research is the result of collaboration between researchers and informants. Data collection is carried out by interviews and documents related to the mangandung tradition in traditional marriage events that are passed through ethnographic stages ranging from information management to ethnography. The mangandung tradition is in the event of MA marriage, analysis with domains, taxonomies, components, and cultural inclusion. The performance in the results of this study, starting from the congregation mangampar ruji, mangalehen mangan, mangalehen sipaingot, and pasahat boru. While the meaning and function in the mangandung tradition in the traditional marriage ceremony as a person who will get married, and work as an expression of sadness. The values and norms in the Mangandung tradition are in the event of MA marriage customs as human relations with the creator of nature, human relations with humans, human relations with work, human relations with time, hagabeon, marsisarian, and society in dalihan na tolu. Local wisdom in the mangandung tradition is the same utilization of others, respect, politeness, commitment, health and well-being, harmony of life, perseverance, and mutual cooperation. Revitalization that can be done in this tradition is processing, activation, and inheritance. Keywords: oral tradition, performance, meanings and functions of value norms, and local wisdom, revitalization ii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH Alhamdulillahi Rabbil Alamin dengan tiada rasa bosan penulis mengucapkan puji dan syukur kepada Allah SWT yang telah melimpahkan segalah nikmat yang luar biasa kepada penulis sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan disertasi ini. Beriring salam tidak lupa penulis sanjung tinggikan kepada Rasulullah, Nabi Muhammad SAW yang kelak kita harapkan safaatnya. Pengajuan disertasi ini merupakan prasyarat untuk memperoleh gelar doktor (linguistik) pada Program Pascasarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara. Proses selama melaksanakan penyelesian disertasi ini, dilalui dengan banyak hambatan, yang pada akhirnya penulis sadari ini tidak lepas dari bantuan moril maupun materil. Oleh sebab itu sangatlah pantas penulis memberikan ucapan terimakasih dan penghargaan yang setinggi-tinnginya kepada semua pihak antara lain: Pertama-tama, penulis berterima kasih dan menyampaikan penghargaan yang tulus kepada Prof. Robert Sibarani, M.S., (Promotor), yang dengan penuh keihklasan dan kedisiplinan telah memberikan bimbingan, arahan, dan masukan yang berharga kepada penulis. Ucapan yang sama ditujukan kepada Prof. Dr. Ikhwanuddin Nasution, M.Si., (Ko-Promotor I) dan Prof.Dr. Syahron LubisM.A., (Ko-Promotor II) yang telah memberikan bimbingan dan saran-saran dalam suasana kondusif dan penuh keakraban, dan dengan cara yang khas mereka senantiasa mengingatkan penulis untuk segera menuntaskan disertasi ini. Selanjutnya,penulis mengucapkan terima kasih dan penghargaan setinggi- tingginya kepada Rektor Universitas Sumatera Utara, Bapak Prof. Dr.Runtung Sitepu, M.Hum., atas berbagai fasilitas pendidikan di Universitas Sumater Utara; kepada Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara; Bapak Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S., kepada Ketua Program Studi Doktor Linguistik PPs Universitas Sumatera Utara; Bapak Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed.TESP., yang telah memperkenankan penulis sebagai salah seorang mahasiswa Program Doktor; kepada Sekretaris Program Studi Doktor Linguistik PPs Universitas Sumatera Utara Bapak Dr. Mulyadi,M.Hum.,yang selalu memotivasi dan memberikan masukan kepada penulis untuk selalu fokus dalam penyelesaian disertasi ini. Ucapan terima kasih dan rasa hormat disampaikan kepada Tim Penguji disertasi, Prof. Syaifuddin, M.A.,Ph.D, Prof. Bahren Umar Siregar, Ph.D.,Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed. TESP.,Dr. Mulyadi, M.Hum atas berbagai saran, koreksi, sanggahan, dan kritik yang konstruktif. Kepada Pemerintah Republik Indonesia, khususnya kepada Menteri Pendidikan Nasional melalui Tim Manajemen Program Doktor, penulis berterima kasih atas bantuan beasiswa BPDN dan bantuan beasiswa penyelesaian studi program doktor. Pada kesempatan ini, penulis menyampaikan terima kasih yang tulus dan penghargaan yang tinggi kepada Bapak dan Ibu dosen yang telah memberikan ilmunya dengan ikhlas selama tiga semester di Program Studi Doktor Linguistik yang telah ikhlas memberikan ilmunya yang begitu bermamfaat bagi penulis, dalam memperluas wawasan penulis tentang linguistik pada setiap sesi perkuliahan. Ucapan terima kasih ditujukan kepada seluruh Staf di Program Studi Doktor Linguistik antara lain Nila Sakura, kak Kar, serta adinda Tirta, yang telah memberikan pelayanan administrasi yang terbaik selama perkuliahan sampai dengan terselesaikannya disertasi ini. Penulis berterima kasih kepada semua sahabat doktor 2014 selama awal studi sampai pada akhir penyelesaian studi Doktor, almarhum Pak Kisno, Abanganda Rusdi iii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Noor Rosa, Pak Muzir, kakanda Yusriati, Pak Jumat, Adinda Zulpan, sahabat dalam diskusi Dohra Fitrisia yang saling memotivasi dalam suka dan duka semoga persahabatan ini tidak lekang oleh waktu.Sahabat doktor 2013, 2015, Sri Mahari Tanjung, Alemina,
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