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Darvil Constructed Wetland Avifauna Report.Pdf SPECIALIST AVIFAUNAL STUDY - DARVILL WTW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND PROJECT SPECIALIST AVIFAUNAL STUDY DARVILL WASTE WATER TREATMENT WORKS CONSTRUCTED WETLAND PROJECT Squacco Heron Prepared for: SiVEST SA (PTY) LTD VCC Estate 170 Peter Browne Drive Montrose Pietermaritzburg 3201 Tel. (033) 347-1600; E-mail: [email protected] By: David Allan c/o Curator of Birds Durban Natural Science Museum P.O. Box 4085 Durban 4000 Tel. (031) 322-4214; Cell: 082-3610261; E-mail: [email protected] 9 February 2016 Page 1 SPECIALIST AVIFAUNAL STUDY - DARVILL WTW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND PROJECT Declaration of independence I, David Allan, hereby confirm my independence as a specialist and declare that I do not have any interest, be it business, financial, personal or other, in any proposed activity, application or appeal in respect of which I was appointed as Avifaunal Specialist in terms of the National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act No. 107 of 1998), other than fair remuneration for work performed, specifically in connection with the SPECIALIST AVIFAUNAL STUDY - DARVILL WASTE WATER TREATMENT WORKS CONSTRUCTED WETLAND PROJECT, Kwazulu-Natal. I further declare that I am confident in the results of the study undertaken and conclusions drawn as a result of it – as is described in my report. Signed: Date: 9 February 2016 Details of the person who carried out the specialist study and prepared the report David Allan is the Curator of Birds at the Durban Natural Science Museum. He has been employed in this position for almost 20 years. Prior to this he worked for nine years as a Research Officer and a Senior Scientific Officer at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute for African Ornithology and the Avian Demography Unit respectively at the University of Cape Town. His ornithological career started when he worked over a seven-year period, initially as a Nature Conservation Officer, and latterly as a Nature Conservation Scientist, with the then Transvaal Division of Nature Conservation. His highest academic qualification is a MSc. in Zoology from the University of Cape Town. His formal registration as a Professional Natural Scientist (Zoological Science) with the South African Council for Natural Scientific Professions is currently pending. A more detailed CV can be provided if required. Page 2 SPECIALIST AVIFAUNAL STUDY - DARVILL WTW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND PROJECT SPECIALIST AVIFAUNAL STUDY DARVILL WASTE WATER TREATMENT WORKS CONSTRUCTED WETLAND PROJECT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Darvill Waste Water Treatment Works is a long-established and important sanctuary for birds, specifically waterbirds. It is popular with birdwatchers and also has a long tradition as a bird-ringing site of scientific and teaching importance especially relevant to the local university. The aim of the current study is to collate and review existing information on the avifauna of Darvill and to ‘ground-truth’ and update this information by conducting brief but comprehensive field avifaunal surveys at the site. Some conclusions and management-related considerations and recommendations are also provided. The key relevant habitats identified and examined at Darvill are the four maturation ponds, the lower dam, the lower canals, the river section (along the Msunduzi River), the potential site for the constructed wetland and the upper pastures. It is the first four of these, i.e. the wetland habitats exploited by waterbirds, that are the most important from an avifaunal perspective. The existing information drawn on by this study comes mainly from the Birds in Reserves Project (BIRP) and Co-ordinated Waterbird Counts Project (CWAC), both of the Animal Demography Unit of the University of Cape Town. Specifically, BIRP provides 165 bird checklists covering Darvill and CWAC has six useable waterbird counts for the locality. Seven field surveys between November 2015 and February 2016, which included both compiling comprehensive checklists and conducting waterbird counts, were made as part of this investigation. Relevant to the general avifauna of Darvill, data from all these sources show that a total of 259 bird species have been recorded at Darvill. Of these, 90 species, or over a third (35%), can be considered as waterbirds. A total of 71 species have been confirmed breeding at the site and 31 of these (44%) are waterbirds. Concerning waterbirds, the waterbird counts show that a total of 61 waterbird species have been counted at Darvill during all counts combined at an average of 31 species per count (range 7-40 species). The average total number of waterbirds counted during these counts is 729 (Range 191- 1263 birds). Based on data collected during this survey, the four maturation ponds support the both the highest species richness and numerical abundance of waterbirds. These ponds clearly provide the most important wetland and waterbird features at Darvill. The lower canals show the next highest species richness of waterbirds but not the highest abundance, being exceeded in this regard by both the upper pastures and the lower dam. Both of the last two habitats are characterized by occasionally supporting relatively high numbers of a restricted diversity of generalist waterbird species. The remaining two habitat types, the Msunduzi River and ‘other’ habitat regions, evidence both low species richness and numerical abundance. The number of Red Data species (nine) recorded at Darvill is relatively low and the site is clearly not a major refuge for formally threatened bird species. Only two Red Data species, Grey Crowned Crane and African Marsh Harrier - both wetland species, show any indication of being regularly recorded at Darvill. Another wetland species - the Greater Painted-snipe, however, is a fairly cryptic denizen of emergent wetland vegetation, a habitat type well represented at the maturation ponds, and this Page 3 SPECIALIST AVIFAUNAL STUDY - DARVILL WTW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND PROJECT species may be present more frequently than the information at hand would suggest. Breeding has not been confirmed at Darvill of any of these Red Data species. Seven of the nine Red Data species are waterbirds, suggesting that it is the wetland habitats at Darvill that are the most important for threatened birds. The area identified for the proposed constructed wetland project currently comprises open rank grassland with scattered trees and shrubs. It is a fairly disturbed terrestrial area of less avifaunal importance compared with the wetland habitats. The transformation of this area into additional wetland habitat would appear positive. Careful planning, however, should go into maximizing the potential value of this additional wetland habitat by rendering the habitats created of optimal value to waterbirds. The involvement of suitably qualified wetland and waterbird specialists in this regard is recommended. Several management recommendations are provided relevant to the maturation ponds to enhance the habitat and waterbird diversity at these sites, and to increase the attractiveness of these key birdwatching areas for visitors. Any future developments at Darvill should endeavour to accommodate the long–established bird-ringing effort such that its long-term value is not threatened or compromised in any way. Page 4 SPECIALIST AVIFAUNAL STUDY - DARVILL WTW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND PROJECT SPECIALIST AVIFAUNAL STUDY DARVILL WASTE WATER TREATMENT WORKS CONSTRUCTED WETLAND PROJECT 1 –INTRODUCTION & AIMS The maturation ponds and surrounding area at Darvill Waste Water Treatment Works (hereafter simply referred to as ‘Darvill’) have long supported an avifauna attractive to birdwatchers. In particular, the site serves as a significant refuge for waterbirds. Indeed the site is widely known as ‘Darvill Bird Sanctuary’ amongst such hobbyists. In addition, Darvill has served as a long-term bird- ringing (or ‘bird-banding’) site of significant scientific and student-training value, especially for the local university: the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN). From an avifaunal perspective, Darvill’s recreational, scientific, teaching and conservation value now stretches back over many decades. The aim of the current study is to collate and review existing information on the avifauna of Darvill and to ‘ground-truth’ and update this information by conducting brief but comprehensive field avifaunal surveys at the site. Additional information is also provided relevant to issues such as the popularity of the site to birdwatchers, its value as a bird-ringing locality and the presence of Red Data species. This information hopefully will be of value in expressly detailing the precise avifaunal importance of Darvill from a recreational, scientific, teaching and conservation perspective. Some conclusions and management-related considerations and recommendations are also provided. 2 – GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AREA Figure 1 provides a satellite image (extracted from Google Earth) of Darvill with the avifaunal locality features relevant to this study depicted. Page 5 SPECIALIST AVIFAUNAL STUDY - DARVILL WTW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND PROJECT Figure 1. Satellite image of Darvill Waste Water Treatment Works showing the delineated localities of relevance to this avifaunal study. These are: the four maturation ponds (Ponds 1 – 4), the lower dam, the lower canals, the river section (along the Msunduzi River), the potential site for the constructed wetland and the upper pastures. 2.1 Maturation ponds There are four maturation ponds at Darvill (Figures 1) and these provide the primary habitat for waterbirds at the site. Pond 1 is the uppermost
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