Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula 10 Zest for Progress Zeal of Partnership MUSIC Quarter 2, Wk.1 - Module 1 AFRO-LATIN AMERICAN AND POPULAR MUSIC Name of Learner: ___________________________ Grade & Section: ___________________________ 0 Name of School: ___________________________ WHAT I NEED TO KNOW KkKNOW Music has always been an important part in the daily life of the African, whether for work, religion, ceremonies, or even communication. Singing, dancing, hand clapping and the beating of drums are essential to many African ceremonies, including those for birth, death, initiation, marriage, and funerals. Music and dance are also important to religious expression and political events. However, because of its wide influences on global music that has permeated contemporary American, Latin American, and European styles, there has been a growing interest in its own cultural heritage and musical sources. In this module, it contains review on the different elements of music and to analyze the characteristics of Afro-Latin American and popular music were: African music, Latin American music, Jazz music, and Popular music. Also includes the vocal forms, instruments, vocal and dance, and instrumental forms mentioned above. At the end of this module, you are expected to: 1. Analyzes musical characteristics of Afro-Latin American and popular music through listening activities. ( MU10AP-IIa-h-5) WHAT I KNOW Directions: Read and understand the questions carefully and write your answers on the blanks provided. 1. What is the overall quality of sound of a piece, most often indicated by the number/layer of voices in the music ? Answer: ________________ 2. What is the volume (loudness and softness) of a sound or note? Answer: ________________ 3. What is knownas tone color or tone quality and it is what makes a particular musical sound have a different sound from another? Answer: ________________ 4. What is the speed (fast and slow) of the underlying beat.? Answer: ________________ 5. Who is the “King of Pinoy Rap”? Answer: ________________ 1 WHAT’S IN ELEMENTS OF MUSIC TEXTURE is the overall quality of sound of a piece, most often indicated by the number/layer of voices in the music . TEMPO is the speed (fast and slow) of the underlying beat. DYNAMICS refers to the volume (loudness and softness) of a sound or note. also known as tone color or tone quality and TIMBRE it is what makes a particular musical sound have a different sound from another. WHAT’S NEW Directions: Identify the different musical characteristics of Afro-Latin American and Popular music. Write your answers in the table below. AFRO-LATIN AMERICAN AND POPULAR MUSIC Vocal Forms 1. African Music Vocal and Dance Forms 2. Latin American Music Instrumental Forms 3. Jazz Music Vocal Forms 4. Popular Music 2 WHAT IS IT Traditional Music of Africa Apala (Akpala) is a musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style to wake up the worshippers after fasting during the Muslim holy feast Ramadan. Juju is a popular music style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional Yoruba rhythms, where the instruments in Juju are more Western in origin. Zouk is fast, carnival-like hythmic music, from the Creole slang word for ‘party,’ originating in the Carribean Islands of Guadaloupe and Martinique and popularized in the 1980’s. Blues the notes of the blues create an expressive and soulful sound. The feelings that are evoked are normally associated with slight degrees of misfortune, lost love, frustration, or loneliness. Soul music was a popular music genre of the 1950’s and 1960’s. It originated in the United States. It combines elements of African- 3 American gospel music, rhythm and blues, and often jazz. The catchy rhythms are accompanied by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves which are among its important features. Spiritual, normally associated with a deeply religious person, refers here to a Negro spiritual, a song form by African migrants to America who became enslaved by its white communities. This musical form became their outlet to vent their loneliness and anger, and is a result of the interaction of music and religion from Africa with that of America. Call and response much like the question and answer sequence in human communication, it also forms a strong resemblance to the verse-chorus form in many vocal compositions. Latin American Music Cumbia became a popular African courtship dance with European and African instrumentation and characteristics. It contained varying rhythmic meters among the major locations – meter in Colombia; , , and meters in Panama, and meter in Mexico. Instruments used are the drums of African origin, such as the tabora (bass drum) and cleves. Tango may have been of African origin meaning “African dance” or from the Spanish word taner meaning “to play” (an instrument). Cha cha is a ballroom dance the originated in Cuba in 1953, derived from the mambo and its characteristic rhythm of 2 crochets – 3 quavers – quaver rest, with syncopation on the fourth beat. Bossa Nova means either “trend” or “something charming,” integrating melody, harmony, and rhythm into a swaying feel, where the vocal style is often nasal. Salsa is a social dance with marked influences from Cuba and Puerto Rico that started in New York in the mid 1970’s. Its style contains elements from the swing dance and hustle as well as the complex Afro-Cuban and Afro-Carribean dance forms of pachanga and guaguanco. 4 Rumba is a repetitive melody with an ostinato pattern played by the maracas, claves, and other Cuban percussion instruments. It contains jazz elements that became a model for the cha cha, mambo, and other Latin American dances. Reggae is an urban popular music and dance style that originated in Jamaica in the mid 1960’s. It contained English text coupled with Creole expressions that were not so familiar to the non- Jamaican. Foxtrot is a 20th century social dance that originated after 1910 in the USA. It was executed as a one step, two step and syncopated rhythmic pattern. The tempo varied from 30 to 40 bars per minute and had a simple duple meter with regular 4-bar phrases. Paso doble (meaning “double step”) is a theatrical Spanish dance used by the Spaniards in bullfights, where the music was played as the matador enters (paseo) and passes just before the kill (faena). Jazz Music Ragtime is an American popular musical style mainly for piano, originating in the Afro-American communities in St. Louis and New Orleans. Its style was said to be a modification of the “marching mode” made popular by John Philip Sousa. Big Band refers to a large ensemble form originating in the United States in the mid 1920’s closely associated with the Swing Era with jazz elements. Jelly Roll Morton who was an American ragtime and early jazz pianist and composed Frog I More Rag. Scott Joplin, who also composed the popular Maple Leaf Rag, Solace, and The Entertainer. Joplin is also known as the “King of Ragtime.” 5 Big band music originated in the United States and is associated with jazz and the swing. Among the great big bands were the Glenn Miller Orchestra (A String of Pearls, Moonlight Serenade, In The Mood, American Patrol, and Smoke Gets in Your Eyes); the Count Basie Orchestra (April in Paris); and the Benny Goodman Orhcestra (Sing, Sing, Sing); while some solo signers such as Cab Calloway (Minnie the Moocher) Doris Day (Stardust, I’m in the Mood for Love); Roy Eldridge, and others also collaborated with big bands. Bebop or bop is a musical style of modern jazz which is characterized by a fast tempo. The speed of the harmony, melody, and rhythm resulted in a heavy performance where the instrumental sound became more tense and free. Jazz rock is the music of 1960’s and 1970’s bands that inserted jazz elements into rock music. A synonym for “jazz fusion,” jazz rock is a mix of funk and R&B (“rhythm and blues”) rhythms. Popular Music Ballad originated as an expressive folksong in narrative verse with text dealing typically about love. Standard Its style is mostly in a slow or moderate tempo with a relaxed mood. It also features highly sing able melodies within the range and technical capacity of the everyday listener. Rock and roll was a hugely popular song form in the United States during the late 1940’s to the 1950’s. It combined 6 Afro-American forms such as the blues, jump blues, jazz, and gospel music with the Western swing and country music. Disco music pertained to rock music that was more danceable, thus leading to the establishment of venues for public dancing also called discos. Alternative music was an underground independent form of music that arose in the 1980’s. It became widely popular in the 1990’s as a way to defy “mainstream” rock music. Thus, it was known for its unconventional practices such as distorted guitar sounds, oppressive lyrics, and defiant attitudes. Elvis Presley’s style was the precursor of the British band known as The Beatles, whose compositions further boosted rock and roll as the favorite genre of the times. Examples of The Beatles’ songs in this genre are I Saw Her Standing There, Get Back, While My Guitar Gently Weeps, Rock and Roll Music, and Ticket to Ride. Rap was also made popular by such composers and performers as Francis Magalona (Mga Kababayan Ko and Watawat) and Andrew E (Humanap Ka ng Pangit). Francis Magalona was born on October 4, 1964 and died on March 6, 2009. He is also known as Francis M, “Master Rapper,” and “The Man From Manila.” He was a Filipino rapper, songwriter, producer, actor, director, television host, and photographer.