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A Taxonomic Study of the Polyporaoeae Fungi of the Santa Catalina and Pinaleno Mountains, Southern Arizona

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A Taxonomic Study of the Polyporaoeae Fungi of the Santa Catalina and Pinaleno Mountains, Southern Arizona A taxonomic study of the Polyporaceae fungi of the Santa Catalina and Pinaleno mountains, Southern Arizona Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Torgerson, Kenneth Julian, 1913- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 27/09/2021 07:49:22 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551521 A TAXONOMIC STUDY OF THE POLYPORAOEAE FUNGI OF THE SANTA CATALINA AND PINALENO MOUNTAINS, SOUTHERN ARIZONA by Kenneth J. Torgeraon A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1961 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfill­ ment of requirements for an advanced degree at the Uni­ versity of Arizona and is deposited in The University Library to be made available to borrowers under the rules of the Library, Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate ac­ knowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotations from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in their judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. Signed: APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: PAUL DOUGLAS/KEENER Date Professor of Plant Pathology ACKNOWLEDGMENTS It is with the deepest of gratitude that I must express my utmost appreciation to Dr. Paul D. Keener of the Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arizona, for assistance in my studies. His generosity with his time and his constant encouragement were incentives which made my work a pleasure. I also wish to thank Dr. Keener for the use of his personal library and personal files of 35 mm. Kodachrome transparencies from which some of the color repro­ ductions (as indicated in text) were made, and in addition, for the use of materials in the Cryptogam!c Herbarium of the Department of Plant Pathology. My gratitude is expressed to Dr. Walter S. Phillips of the Department of Botany of the University of Arizona for the use of his personal library and for his generosity in the use of laboratory facilities which were placed at my disposal. ill TABLE OP CONTENTS Pag© List of Figures ........................... v Introduction........................ 1 The Family PolTDoraceae ....................... 4 Geographical Areas Selected ................... 9 Techniques, Methodology, and Sources........... 12 Species studied and descriptions: Polvnorus versicolor ........................ 15 Pomes Ignlarlua................... 20 Polvnorus sub chart aeemia .... "... .... .... 25 Polvnorus schvelnltzil ...................... 29 Issm. ■ga.landerl................-------....... 35 Ganoderma annlanatum .................. 40 Pomes Dial co l a ...............................44 Efiffigg. rohlnlae ...................... 49 Pomes nlnl ....'......... 54 Lenzltes saenlarl a ......................... 58 Polvnorus volvatna ....................... 62 Polvnorus sauamomna . ...................... 66 Polvnorus tsuRae ..................--- ...... 70 Polvnorus hisnldus ..................... 74 Polvnorus sulnhureu^ ......._____ .. ........ 7.8 Pomes everhartii .................... 82 Polvnorus elnnabarlnua ....... 86 Polvnorus varius ............................. 90 Polvnorus tomentosus ...v............. Q4 Polvnorus a n c e n s .... ....................... 98 Daedalea confragosa ........................ 102 Polvnorus adustus ................... 105 Polvnorus borealis .......;................. 108 Polvnorus hisnldus....... 108 Polvnorus alboluteus... ....... 108 Polvnorus elegans ......................... 109 Polvnorus abletlnus ....................... 109 Results and Conclusions .................... 110 Literature C i t e d .................... 112 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Ia,b,c,d. Geographical areas .............. 10 II Vertical profile of the Santa Catalina Mountains ....... 11 1a,h. Polvoorus versicolor..... 19 2a,b. Fomes iKnlarius .......... 23 2c. Typical heartwood rot in aspen .. 24 3a,b. PolTDorus subchartaceus......... 28 4a,b. PolTnorus schweinlt7.il .......... 33 4o. Cubical rot in Ponderosa Pine ... 34 5a,b. Fomes calanderi ............ 38 5c. Femes calanderi .............. 39 6a,b. Ganoderma apnlanatum...... 43 7a,b. Forney nlnloola.................. 48 8a. Fomes roblniaq .................. 53 9a. Fomes n l n i ...................... 57 9b. Speckled rot in Douglas F i r ..... 57 110a. Lenzites saeolarla .............. 61 11a. Polvoorus volvatus .............. 65 12a. Polvoorus souamosus ............. 69 13a,b. Polvoorus tsugae ...... 73 v I4a,b. PolTPorus Mspldua ...............77 15a. Polyporus sulphureua ........... 81 16a. > Pomes everhartll ............. 85 17a. Polyporus climabarlnus ........... 89 18a. Polyporus v a r l u s ..... ........... 93 19a. Polyporus tomentoaua....... 97 20a. Polyporus anceps----— ........ 101 vi- INTRODUCTION No comprehensive study has ever "been made of fungi of the family Polvooraceae occurring in the Santa Catalina and Pinaleno Mountains, Coronado National Forest, Arizona. Because of my avid interest in the fungi, I decided this would be the subject of my thesis. With due regard to the complexities of the problem, and knowing full well this paper would in no way be a monograph of this important family of wood rotting fungi, I believe it will constitute a careful analytical beginning for any future studies on these cryptogams. I hope to continue this work at a later date. Although some may question the Importance of this study, I should like to cite pertinent Information with respect to possible objections: 1. Arizona's fourth most important industry is the production of lumber. In addition, the aesthetic value of forests for recreation has become an indispensable part of our life. Ninety ner cent of the decay of our forest trees and lumber is due to the fungi of the family Polvooraceae (12:19). What does this mean to Arizona economically? 1 2 It is estimated, that 15^ of our merchant­ able trees of the southwest are destroyed by these decay organisms. This means that 15^ of our standing timber is defective because of the wood rotting activities of fungi of the family Polrooraceae. This does not take into account destruction of wood in use such as fence posts, railroad ties, telephone and telegraph poles, wooden beams in bridges, and wood in storage. 2. Ho species of the Polvnoraceae can be posi­ tively Identified by mhtrosooplc observations only. Therefore, by resorting to the micro­ scope, one may learn a great deal about the anatomy, morphology, and taxonomy of the different species. This is Indispensable in further studies such as fungus physiology. 3. It is important to take inventory of the fungi in every part of our earth. It is through these investigations that more knowl­ edge is gained affording a basis for other scientific studies. Most of the famous personnel in the field of botany were first of all good taxonomists. They then narrowed their investigations to specifics that their interests directed. 3 4, It is through the taxonomy of fungi, that someday, we may hope to be able to fill some of the gaps in the present theory of evolution. 5. Finally, man’s quest for the unknown seems to be imbued innately into his system of life. Man must know. Man must, challenge. From the deepest to the highest, from the largest to the smallest, the quest continues. A new fungus lying before the mycologist is < " ' a thing of beauty, a challenge, a way to explore his world of the unknown, as much so, as any space traveler starting out into the voids of the universe. It is with these points in mind that I endeavor to justify this thesis. May it add a small fraction of knowledge from which I or others may carry on. THE FAMILY POLYPORACEAE The plant kingdom has recently been divided into 12 main divisions, (16:306-307). Division 10 is called the Eumvcophyta which is made up of the true fungi or those fungi whose plant body is usually composed of hyphae. Within this division are four classes: the Phvcomvcetes. the Ascomvcetes. the Basldlomvcetes. and the Fungi-Turner- fectl. We are interested in class three, the basidium fungi or club fungi. Within this class is the order Agaricales, and, within the order, the more important families are: the Agarloaceae. the gill fungi, the Polvporaceae. the pore fungi, the Clavarlaoeae. the coral fungi, the Hydnaceae. the tooth fungi, the Thelenhoraceae. the smooth fungi, the Hvnochnaceae. The Polrporaceae for the past hundred years have . been studied by mycologists and to some extent by myco- phagists. With each new publication through the years the number of genera has changed drastically (12:4-10). (In the late eighteen hundreds, Fries in Europe listed 8 genera. Later in America, Murrlll decided there were 58; then, Miss Ames included 16. Rea limited the genera 4 5 to 9. Boudot and Galzin recognized 20. Cooke lists 46 generic names.) (12:4-10). Bessey (3:516-518) accepted 48 genera, and then placed these in 7 polymorphous genera. Overholts in
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