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Geschichte Und Bibliographie Der Wanzenkunde in Österreich1

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Geschichte Und Bibliographie Der Wanzenkunde in Österreich1 ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Bibliographien aus Botanik, Zoologie, Erdwissenschaften und weiteren naturwiss. Bereichen Jahr/Year: 2006 Band/Volume: 0007 Autor(en)/Author(s): Rabitsch Wolfgang Artikel/Article: Geschichte und Bibliographie der Wanzenkunde in Österreich 41-94 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Geschichte und Bibliographie der Wanzenkunde in Österreich1 W. RABITSCH Abstract: History and Bibliography of Heteroptera Research in Austria. In this paper, brief bio- sketches of Austrian Heteropterists and a compilation of literature on Heteroptera in Austria between 1761 and 2006 are presented. Key words: Austria, bibliography, biographies, Heteroptera, history of research. Einleitung „Während jeder unserer Nachbarstaaten im Norden, Westen und Süden schon da- Obwohl bereits in den beiden wichtig- mals mehrere bedeutende Hemipterologen sten Publikationen nach der Editio decima aufzuweisen hatte, wollte der von jenen von Linné durch PODA (1761) und SCOPOLI grossen Begründern der Systematik gestreu- (1763) Wanzen aus Österreich beschrieben te Same in Oesterreich lange nicht keimen, und genannt werden, und obwohl danach …“ (HANDLIRSCH 1901). herausragende und bemerkenswerte Wissen- Auf Wanzentaxa, deren „locus typicus“ schafter sich der Wanzenkunde Österreichs in Österreich liegt, wurde bei RABITSCH annahmen, fehlte bislang eine Liste der in (2005c) hingewiesen. Biographien und Österreich vorkommenden Wanzenarten, Nachrufe und nach Österreichern benannte eine Bibliographie der Wanzenkunde und Wanzentaxa werden nur exemplarisch, eine zusammenfassende Darstellung des ak- ohne Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit ge- tuellen Forschungsstandes. Eine dieser Lü- nannt. Über die für Österreich bedeutenden cken – eine Checkliste der Wanzen Öster- Heteropterologen finden sich weitere Infor- reichs – wurde kürzlich geschlossen (RA- mationen und auch Bildmaterial unter BITSCH 2005c), die beiden anderen sind www.zobodat.at. Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit. Eine Bibliographie der Wanzenkunde Österreichs Abkürzungen muss bei der Vielzahl an veröffentlichten NHMW . Naturhistorisches Museum und unveröffentlichten Publikationen Wien zwangsläufig unvollständig bleiben, den- OLML . Oberösterreichisches Landes- noch wird hier der Versuch einer ersten In- museum/Biologiezentrum Linz ventur vorgelegt, in der Hoffnung so Auf- NÖLM . Niederösterreichisches merksamkeit für die sicherlich vorhandenen Landesmuseum St. Pölten Lücken zu gewinnen und um diese in der TLM . Tiroler Landesmuseum Zukunft schließen zu können. Für alle An- Ferdinandeum Innsbruck merkungen und Korrekturen bin ich sehr KLM . Kärntner Landesmuseum dankbar. Die letzte zusammenfassende Dar- Klagenfurt stellung des Forschungsstandes der Hetero- Bio.:. Biographie, Nachruf, etc. pterologie in Österreich erfolgte vor über hundert Jahren durch HANDLIRSCH (1901). Denisia 19, zugleich Kataloge 1 Diese Arbeit ist dem Nestor der österreichischen Wanzenkunde, Ernst Heiss, in herzlicher Dankbarkeit zu seinem der OÖ. Landesmuseen 70. Geburtstag, gewidmet. Neue Serie 50 (2006), 41–94 41 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 1 2 Abb. 1-2: Titelseiten der Die p.t. „Altvorderen“ aus einer Südtrioler Adelsfamilie und wurde (1) „Insecta Musei in Wien geboren. Nach seinem Eintritt in Graecensis“ von Nicolaus (18.-19. Jahrhundert) oder „Das den Jesuitenorden (1740) folgten Lehr- und PODA (1761) und der Alte Zeitalter“ (2) „Entomologia Carniolica“ Wanderjahre an verschiedenen Standorten von SCOPOLI (1763). Aus ASPÖCK (Reihenfolge nach Geburtsjahr) (Abb. 1-41) in Kärnten und der Steiermark. Zwischen (1999). 1748 und 1753 studierte er Mathematik und Nikolaus Poda von Neuhaus Theologie an der Unviersität Wien, 1752 er- (*04.10.1723 in Wien †29.04.1798 in Wien) folgte die Priesterweihe. Danach war er als Obwohl einer der ersten Entomologen Lehrer zunächst in Klagenfurt und Linz, Tab. 1: Von PODA (1761) und Österreichs, sind nur wenig Details seiner dann in Graz, Schemnitz (Banska Stiavnica,ˇ SCHRANK (1776, 1781, 1782) beschrie- bene, noch heute gültige Wanzen- Biographie bekannt, sogar das Geburtsdatum Slowakei) und später als Privatlehrer in taxa, die in Österreich vorkommen. ist umstritten (SPETA 2004). Poda stammte Wien tätig. Die Geschichte der Wanzener- forschung in Österreich beginnt – wie auch beschrieben als gültig als für andere Insektengruppen – mit seiner „In- Cimex iracundus Rhynocoris iracundus (PODA 1761) [Reduviidae] secta Musei Graecensis“ (PODA 1761, Abb. Cimex viridissimus Palomena viridissima (PODA 1761) [Pentatomidae] 1), einer Arbeit in der er nach dreijähriger Cimex pudicus Carpocoris pudicus (PODA 1761) [Pentatomidae] Sammeltätigkeit über die Insekten der Um- Cimex nebulosus Rhaphigaster nebulosa (PODA 1761) [Pentatomidae] gebung von Graz berichtet und auch mehre- Cimex austriacus Eurygaster austriaca (SCHRANK 1776) [Scutelleridae] Cimex venustissimus Eysarcoris venustissimus (SCHRANK 1776) [Pentatomidae] re Wanzen erstmals beschreibt, von denen Cimex musci Acalypta musci (SCHRANK 1781) [Tingidae] vier heute noch gültig sind (Tab. 1). Cimex echii Dictyla echii (SCHRANK 1782) [Tingidae] Bio.: KREISSL & FRANTZ (1995); SPETA (2004). 42 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Johannes Antonius Scopoli (*13.06.1723 in Cavalese (Italien) 3 4 †08.05.1788 in Pavia (Italien)) Scopoli stammt – wie Poda – aus dem Trentino. Nach Studium der Medizin in Innsbruck als Arzt in Cavalese, Trient und Venedig und ab 1754 in Idria (Krain) tätig, wo er auch naturwissenschaftliche Studien betrieb. 1769 ging er als Professor für Mine- ralogie und Metallurgie an die von Maria Theresia gegründete Bergakademie in Schemnitz (Banska Stiavnica,ˇ Slowakei), bis er 1776/77 an den Lehrstuhl für Natur- geschichte der Universität Pavia berufen wurde. In seiner „Entomologia Carniolica“ (1763, Abb. 2) werden insgesamt 48 Wan- zenarten genannt, darunter 14 Erstbeschrei- bungen von Arten, deren „locus typicus“ nur knapp außerhalb der heutigen österrei- chischen Grenzen in Italien und Slowenien Abb. 3-4: (3) Johannes Antonius Scopoli (1723-1788) (4) Franz von Paula Schrank liegt: (1747-1835). Alloeonotus fulvipes (SCOPOLI 1763), aus der Linzer Umgebung und in der „Revi- Heterocordylus genistae (SCOPOLI 1763), sion des Österreichischen Insectenverzeich- Heterotoma merioptera (SCOPOLI 1763), Pei- nisses“ (1782) eine Art aus „Oesterreich“, rates hybridus (SCOPOLI 1763), Spilostethus ohne genaue Fundortangabe (Tab. 1). pandurus (SCOPOLI 1763), Spilostethus saxa- Bio.: ZIMMERMANN (1981). tilis (SCOPOLI 1763), Beosus maritimus (SCO- POLI 1763), Megalotomus junceus (SCOPOLI Johann Carl von Mühlfeld Megerle 1763), Coriomeris denticulatus (SCOPOLI (*1765 †1832 oder 1840) 1763), Dicranocephalus agilis agilis (SCOPOLI Megerle leistete ab 1786 unentgeltliche 1763), Canthophorus dubius (SCOPOLI Ordnungsarbeiten am Naturalienkabinett in 1763), Psacasta (Psacasta) exanthematica Wien, wird später Kustos-Adjunkt (1792) exanthematica (SCOPOLI 1763), Eysarcoris und Kustos (1797) für Entomologie, mit der aeneus (SCOPOLI 1763), Eurydema (Rubro- Aufgabe die von Kaiser Franz I. angekaufte dorsalium) dominulus dominulus (SCOPOLI Sammlung Natterers und die europäische In- 1763). sektensammlung zu betreuen. 1806 wurde Bio.: GUGLIA (1972); SPETA (2004). seine Sammlung europäischer Insekten vom Museum angekauft, die 1848 bei einem Franz von Paula Schrank Brand verloren ging. Wanzenmaterial von (*21.08.1747 in Vornbach am Inn Megerle aus Österreich wurde von FABRICIUS †22.12.1835 in München) (1803) ausgewertet, z. B. Lygaeus maurus (FA- Naturforscher und Theologe. 1762 Ein- BRICIUS 1803): „Habitat in Austria (Dom. tritt in den Jesuitenorden, Studium der Na- Megerle)“ [aktuell: Lamprodema maura (FA- turwissenschaften, Promotion 1776, ab 1773 BRICIUS 1787)]. PANZER (1799) berichtet von Physik- und Mathematiklehrer und Professor einem Fund der mediterranen Ancyrosoma für Landwirtschaft, Berg- und Forstwissen- leucogrammes (GMELIN 1790): „Habitat Vien- schaft. 1809 Anlage des botanischen Gar- nae Austr. Dn. Megerle“, wenngleich in die- tens in München. In den „Beyträgen zur Na- sem Fall eine Fehlbestimmung oder Fundort- turgeschichte“ (1776, Abb. 5) veröffentlich- verwechslung möglich scheint (RABITSCH te er unter anderem zwei neue Wanzen aus 2004a). Eine Aradidenart (Aradus megerlei der Linzer Umgebung (Abb. 7-8). In seiner REUTER 1881: „ein Y von Megerle in Oes- „Enumeratio Insectorum Austriae Indigeno- terreich gefangen“ [aktuell: Aradus corticalis rum“ (1781, Abb. 6) folgte eine weitere Art (LINNAEUS 1758)] wurde nach ihm benannt. 43 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 5 6 Abb. 5-6: Titelseiten der (5) Joseph August Schultes Ernst Wilhelm Heeger (*02.10.1783 in „Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte“ (*15.04.1773 in Wien †21.04.1831 in Landshut) Wien †17.10.1866 in Laxenburg bei Wien) und (6) der „Enumeratio Insectorum Austriae Studium der Medizin an der Universität Absolvent der Akademie der Bildenden Indigenorum“ von Franz von Wien, Botaniker und Reiseschriftsteller. Ab Künste in Wien, ab 1816 Angestellter beim Paula SCHRANK (1776, 1781). 1806 Professor für Chemie und Botanik an Magistrat Wien, Amateur-Entomologe. der Universität Krakau, 1807 Professor für Über 30 Veröffentlichungen über Käfer, Botanik in Innsbruck. Wegen seiner prona- Schmetterlinge und Insektenbiologie. Von poleonischen Ansichten verhaftet
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