Hides and Skins Handbook Commoditiesand Export Projections Division Economic Anelysis and Projections Department ID
go S
Technical Note
Much of the data shown in the Tables and Figures in the Handbook are taken directly from thb recently published FAO, World StatisticalCompen- dium for Raw Hides and Skins, Leather and Leather Footwear, 1961-1979,Rome, 1980. It should be noted that the FAO's definitions and groupings of "developed"and "developing"countries differs from that used by the Bank.
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. ePbrury 19U8
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Page No.
I.* Introduction...... I...... - 1
II. The Product...... II - 1
A.Chrceitc ...... II - 1 B. End-Uses and Substitutes...... II - 1 C. Processing/Technology ...... *...... * II - 2 References**.* ...... *..eeoee ...... II - 4
III. Hides and Skins Production..*.* ...... l
A. Cyclical Factors * ...... III - B. Production Structure - 11orld Shares by Industrial Categories ...... es ...... a ...... III - 2 References...... o...... III - 27
IV. Hides and Skins Trade ...... *.* ...... IV - 1
A. Exporters ...... IV - 1 _ ~~~B.Imprerp o r t er...... s0...... 0...... IV - 6 C. International Agreements...... e...... IV - 25 References ...... IV - 26
V. Hides and Skins Prices...... V - 1 References ...... 0...... V - 4
VI. Technical and Statistical Issues ...... VI - l Refarences ...... VI - 2
. February 1981
List of Tables Page
III-D1 Hides and S.lns - World Production by Main Countri ; and Economic Regions...... *...... III -
III-B2 Production of Cattlehides and Calfskins (Including Buffe.loes) (Wet Salted Weight), 1961-65 Average and 1966/79 Annu"t.o .... III- 6
III-B3 Pr etion of Sheepskins and Lambskins (Dry Weight), 1961-65 Avt ge and 1966/79Annual...... III -11
III-B4 Production of Goatskins and'Kidskins (Dry Ueight), 1961-65 Average and 1966/79 Annual...... s...... III -16
IV-Al Hides and Skins - Exports (Totals and Shares) By Major Regions, 1977 .... 0...... ,oo ...... IV - 2
IV-A2 Exports of Cattlehides and Calfskins (Including Buffaloes) (WeL Salted Weight), 1961-65 Average and 1966/79 Annual... IV - 7
IV-A3 Exports of Sheepskins and Laribskins (Dry Weight), 1961-65 Average and 1966/79 Annual...... IV - 11
IV-A4 Exports of Goatskins and Kidskins (Drv Weight), 1961-65 Average and 1966/79 Annual ...... IV - 14
IV-Bl Hides and Skins - Imports (Totals and Shares) By Major Regions, 1977 ...... 4...... f IV - 17
IV-B2 Imports of Cattlehides and Calfskins (Including Buffaloes) (Wet Salted Weight), 1961-65 Average and 1966/79 Annual... IV - 18
IV-B3 Imports of Sheepskins and Lambskins (Dry Weight), 1961-65 Average and 1966/79 Annual...... IV - 21
IV-Bi Imports of Goatskins and Kidskins (Dry Weight), 1961-65 AveWrnage and 1966/79 Annual...... IV - 23 February 1981
List of Figures
III-Al Cyclical Behavior of US Cattle Numbers and Slaughter Rate 1950-1979 ...... III - 3
III-Bi World Production of Bovine Hides and Skins, 1961-72 ...... III - 21
III-B2 Shares in World Production of Bovine Hides and Skins, 1961-77 s III-...'.1 -22
III-B3 World Production of Sheepskins and Lambakins, 1961-77 .... III - 23
III-B4 World Shares in Production of Sheepskins and Lambskins 1961-77.... t...... III - 24
III-B5 World Production of Goatskins and Kidskins, 1961-77 ..... III - 25
III-B6 World Shares in Production of Goatskins and Lambskins, 1961-77 ..*..* ...... III - 26
IV-Al Bovine Hides and Skins - Total Developing Country Production and Exports, 1961-77 ...... IV - 3
IV-A2 Sheepskins and Lamb.kins - Total Developing Country Production and Exports, 1961-77 ...... IV - 4
IV-A3 Goatskins and Kidskins - Total Developing Co,.atry Production and Exports, 1961-77 ...... IV - 5
V-l(a) Current and Constant Price Indices for US Heav, Steer Hides, F.O.B ...... V - 2
V-l(b) Current and Constant Price Indices for Australian Hides and Skins Exports, 1971-79 ...... V 2
0 February 1981 I-1
I. INTRODUCTION Hides and skins are used in a broad range of end-products,of which the most cportant is footwear.However, the importance of garments and other personal leather goods as end-uses has recently grown considerably.Natural leather products have acquired the reputation of a high-qualityconsumer good and seem likely to retain this reputation in the face of synthetic substi- tutes. In the past two decades considerablechanges have taken place in the geographicaldistribution of productionand censumptionof leather goods. Dur- ing the 1960s there was a shift in the location of tanning and footwear indus- tries from the industrialcountries of North America and Western Europe to the less industrialized countries of Mediterranean Europe. In the 1970C fast expanding tanaing and leather manufacturingindustries have developed in the Far East and Latin America. These latter industries have catered for domestic leather goods consumption as well as, and more importantly for, the export market. As the regional distribution of tanning and leather manufacturing industrieshas changed, so have the internationalflows of raw hides and skins exports.Theimportance of Latin American countries as sources of raw hides and skins exports has diminished as their domestic processing and manufacturing has grown--mostlyunder the artificial constraints provided by taxes or bans on the esport of raw hides and skins and tariffs on imports of finished leather goods. Whereas developing countriesas a whole previously were net exporters of raw hides and skins and net importersof proces-ed leather this trade flow has now been reversed. This reversal has led to keen competition for raw materials between the newly expanding tanning industries in developing coun- tries and the established tanning industries in developed countries-- especially Japan, Italy, South Korea and Spain. This competitionwas central to the large increase in hides and skins prices in early 1979 and the subse- quent sharp fall which lasted until June 1980. Supplies of raw hides and skins nad been declining since 1977, as the cattle cycle moved into its downswing. At the same time there was strong competitionfor raw materialsfrom the expanding processing industriesin the developingcountries as well as the establishedindustries in Italy and the February 1981 I-2
Far East. The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe were also heavy buyers in this period. The market collapsedwhen the recession of 1979-80 became apparent. In the long-term it must be expected that hides and skins prices will continue to fluctuate widely, due to the highly Inelastic nature of supply. For this reason it is unwise to put heavy weight on the perioda of high prices such as experienced in 1979. As expanding demand continues to press ou this unresponsive supply, the result should be a favorable trend in real prices. However, in the medium term price competition among intermediate and end products should be severe as the iewly expanding leather goods industries compete for a share of the market in an environment of slow growth particilarlyamong the industrial countries. From the supply side there will be the price-depressingeffect of the increase in catt'.-slaughterings, which may last for the next 3-4 years--the likely period of upswing in the present cattle cycle.
0 February 1981 II-i
II. THE PRODUCT A. Characteristics Hides and skins are produced as by-productsof the meat industry.Raw hides and skins are characterized )y a substantial amount of heterogeneity. Therefore, in assessing the benefits derived from a project which produces hides and skins it is imQortant to take into account the size and quality of the final product. This non-uniformityresults from the followingfactors: (a) Post slaughterdefects, e.g. poor flsying (flesh removal) techniques; (b) Branding of live cattle (a common practice for identifying ownershipof cattle); (c) Applicationof differenthide curing techniques;and (d) The utilizationof various tanning agents at the processing stage. In addition to the aforementionedfactors, the health status of the animal also affects the qiualityof the final product. Hides and skins from animals raised on low nutritional diets will be smaller and of inferior quality. Likewise the prevalence of parasites (e.g. mites, lice and ticks) result in lower quality hides. The quality of hides and skins produced by industrializedcountries tends to be of a higher quality than those produced by the developingcountries (this differentialcan be observed in the export unit values for hides from cattle, sheep/lamband goats/kids). These quality variationsmake the interpretationof data on volumes and prices of hides and skins a tenuous exercise. They also help to explain why there are no internationalstandards for grade classificationfor hides and skins or for leather. B. End Products/Substitutes End uses for hides and skins include footwear, clothing and other fashion articles and upholstery products--allproducts for which the income elasticityof demand must be relativelyhigh. Leather has retained its competitive position vis-a-vis synthetic substitutes. It would seem that leather goods and synthetic substituteshave different segments of the market, with leather products holding to their status of being superior consumer goods. At the moment there is no sign that February 1981 II-2 synthetic products will be produced that will be closer substitutes. However, synthetic use for footwear soling and lining material has continued to increase at the expense of leather. In the industrialized countries sone of the trends in leather utilization include: a. Personal leather goods have been absorbing a larger volume of leather; b. A rapid increase in leather utilixed for garments; c. A decline in the utilization of leather as a footwear soling material; and d. Use of leather as a lining material for footwear has fallen slowly. In the United States, for example, in 1961 footwear accounted for about 85% of all leather used. In 1977 footwear absorbed about 56%, garments about 19%, gloves and handbags about 15%, belts and small leather goods almost 6%, and the remaining 4% was used in luggage,upholstery and other articles. Irnthe developingcountries rising incomes and increased urb-nization has led to a growing demand for footwear. However, demand growth for leather garments and other leather articles has not been notable--particularlyin tropical climates. C. Processing/Technology After removal of the hide or skin from the animal carcass the first stage of processing involves flaying and curing. The rc=oval of the flesh is followed by one of the following curing nrocesses: (a) Wet salting, which involves ..mersion of hides in brine-- this process is poMular in large-scaleslaughter plants; (b) Light salting, which is suit.ble in temperate climates; (c) Dry salting, which involves heavily treating hides and skins with salt and subsequentlyatmospheric drying; (d) Suspensiondrying, which is a process of stretching the hides and skins manually; (e) Ground drying, which entails pegging the hides and skins to the ground without using salt. February 1981 II-3
P The proportion of hides and skins cured by the different processes varies widely from Industrialto developingcountries. Dry salting, sucpensior, drying and ground drying are more common in the developing countries. At the tannery the first processing stage is rehydration and/or removal of salinity. After depilationand chemical and mechanical tLeatuent, the pelt is treated with 8cid and salt; this Is referred to as the pickled stage. The next level of processing Involves prilary tannage. Hides and skins for footwear soles are tanned with vegetable extracts, while those for shoe uppers, garments, and other personal leather goods are tanned with chromium salts. Internationeltrade in the wet tanned stage is referred to as "wet blue chrome". To obtain a "dried crust" leather, the hides and skins are further treated chemically and mechanically; this material then re%iires surface colorationand finishing operations.
3 F.bruary 1981 11-4
References I
1. FAO, Committeeon Comnodity Problems, Ad Hoc Government Consultation on Hides and Skins, Rome, 17-20 October, 1978. (For this meeting papers were prepared on: (i) the hides and skins economy; (il) current situation of hides and skins market; (iii) supply and demsa.d projectionsto 1985; (iv) problems with data collection.) February 1981 III-1
III. HIUES AND FKINS PRODUCTION A. Cyclical Factors A useful short-term indicator of world hide production is the slaughter rate for North America, Latin America, Ocear.iaand Western Europe, which together account for approximately70% of total output of bovine hides and skins on a green-weightbasis. Whereas in the short term the rate of slaughter determines supply, in the long term the size and sex compositionof the total inventorywill be importantdeterminants of future hide supply. Since the supply of hides and skins is a function of the slaughter rate and the total number of animals, it is important to understandhow the cattle cycle functionsand its role in determininghides and skins supply. L.S. Jarvis 1/ who has made e significant coutributionto the study of the cattle market, provides perhaps the best explanation of the intricate details of the cycle. Increases in beef prices create an incentive for herders to increase production. Tncrease~dproduction can only take place in the long run by increasingthe size of the breeding herd and/or by withholding animals for further fattening.Retention of animals becomes more profitable the lower are feed costs Ln relation to meat prices. Consequently,feed costs can play an important role in determining the length and size of the upswing in cattle numbers. While producers continue to outbid consumers ii the market place, the animal remains in the herd and is considered a productive asset. The supply of hides and skins will thereforebe reduced as long as producers are increasingthei capital stock. In the short run the slaughter ra-e will declin- for ail categories of cattle and the decline will persist for some time, especially for breeding stock, as the biological reproduction rate is slow. The bidding between consumers and producers will also force the price of cattle, meat and consequentlyhides and skins even higher.
1/ L.S. Jarvis, "Cattle as Capital Goods and Ranchers as Portfolio Managers: An Applicationto the ArgentineCattle Sector", Journal of Political Eco- nomy, 82(1974): 489-520. February 1981 111-2
While the reductionxin the slaughter rate further inreases the current price of beef it also tends to increase the future supply of beef and hence hides and skins. The upswing in hides and skins production will not be apparent, however, until increased cattle production takes place and these animals will be brought to the slaughter houses. The slaughter rate, and therefore the cyclical changes in the supply of cattle hides and skins lags about two years behind changes in the total stock of cattle. The cyclical variation which is observable in the US cattle herd and the lagged relationship between the inventory and the slaughter rate can be seen in Figure III-Al. The importance of this cyclical behavior for hides and skins supplies is obvious. However, a further complexitv arises because of the different cyclical behavior of the major beef producing countries. For example, the average cycle length has been found to be about 7 years in Latin America and Oceania, 7 to 8 years in the EC and Western Europe and 10 years in North America. When beef production cycles peak simultaneously in the major producing regions, the ramificationsin the market place become magnified, as in the 1970s. In the early part of the 1970s decade a synchronizationof the cyclicaldownswing in cattle numbers and slaughter rates in several countries, along with other factors on both the demand and supply sides led in 1972/73 to very high prices. The recovery phase in the beef cycle in the major producing countries also kept in step so that over the period 1974/76 inventoriesand slaughter rates peaked--leadingto sharply lower prices. It present'lylooks as though the reduction in cattle numbers since 1976 bottomed out through 1979 and 1980 and a rebuilding phase will take place over the next 3-4 years. However, because the rise in beef prices in 1979 was not carried through in 1980 the recovery phase now looks like being relatively slow and small. Paralleling these cyclical trends in bovine slaughter, hides and skins production was at a peak in 1977. The downward trend since 1978 should continue at least through 1981. B. Production Structure- World Shares by IndustrialCountries The United States is the largest producer of hides and skins (representingapproximately 25% of total production in most recent years), TO 1979 Figure II1-A; CYCLICAL BEHAVIOR OF US CATTLE NUMBERS AND SLAUGHTER RATE 1950
14.0 - .- 45.0
13.0 - Cattle Numbers
40.0 12.0
11.0 ]* -35.0 10.0-
Slaughter Rate. 30.0
8.0
7.0 , | , ' E L- 25.0 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980
Source: USDA Economics, Statistics, and Cooperative Service, Livestock and Meat Situation (various issues). February 1981 111-4
followed by the USSR and the European Community (EC). These two countries 6 along with the EC account for 55% of total production. Bovine hides are the m.jor category of hides and skins production, representing9.. of the total in 1977. While bovine production is concentrated in the developing countries (67%), only 40% of world bovine hide production takes place in these countries (see Table III-Bl). This reflects in part the lower level of nutritionand animal husbandry managementand less skilled hide recovery and processing techniques,but it may reflect other, more important, factors such as: (i) domestic (on-farm) use of hides which does not get reflected in national statistics;and (ii) heavy disincentives(taxes) on the recovery of hides which exist in some countries. ProductionBy IndividualCategories Cattlehides. Total world production of cattlehides (Figures III-Bl and III-B2) has been on a continual upward trend since the early 1960s. The industrialized countries have accounted for over 57% of total world production for the period shown 1961-77, while the developing countries' share has declined trom approximately 42% in the 1960s to less than 40% by 1977. Sheepskins/Lambskins. Sheepskin and lambskin production has increased at an annual growth rate of 2% in the developing countries and declined b- 0.8% in the industrial ccuntries from 1962/64-1974/76. The industrialized countries have been the major producers of sheepskins, accounting for over 60% of total world production since the early l9bOs. The developing countries have increased their share of the market from 30% in the 1960s to almost 40% by 1977 (Figures III-B3 and III-B4). Goatskins/Kidskins. In the goatskin category, the developing countries constitute over 85% of total world production. The industrialized countries have been of marginal importance in this market, with production remaining fairly constant in the last two decades and their percentage share of the market even declining (Figures III-B5 and III-B6). Tables III-B2, III-B3 and III-B4 show individual country data on hides and skins production for the years 1961-65 (average) and 1966 to 1979 (annual). The data have been compiled by FAO The attlehides and calfskins data are presented on a wet salted weight basis, while the sheepskins and lambskins and goatskins and kidskins are on a dry weight basis. w *S.*.
Table III-B1:HIDES AND SKINS - WORLD PRODUCTIONBY MAIN COUNTRIES AND ECONOMIC REGIONS, 1977
Cattlehides & Calfskins Percent Sheepskins & Percent Goatskins & Percent ,,includingbuffaloes) Share Lampskins Share Kidskins Share
('000 tons)-/a (% ('000 tons) /b (X ('000 tons) lb (%)
Latin America 972.7 19 19.0 6 7.2 5 Africa 221.9 4 26.2 8 25.3 19 Near East 103.2 2 41.6 13 20.7 16 Far East 527.0 10 20.4 6 55.8 42 North America 1,187.2 23 6.1 2 0.7 1 Western Europe 824.9 16 51.4 16 4.1 3 Oceania 290.0 6 79.9 25 0.1 - European CPEs 740.3 14 47.0 15 3.3 2 Asian CPEs 301.3 6 14.8 5 13.3 10 Other 66.2 1 9.4 3 2.4 2 World Total 5,239.7 100 315.8 100 132.9 100
Developing Countries 2,133.2 41 122.1 39 122.3 92 Developed Countries 3,106.5 59 193.7 61 10.6 8
/a Wet salted weight. Tb- Dry weight
Source: FAO World Statisticalcompendium for Raw Hides and Skins, Leather and Leather Footwear, 1961-1979, Rome 1980. Table III-B2: PRODUCTION OF CATTLEHIDESAND CALFSKINS (INCLUDINGBUFFALOES) (WET SALTED WEIGHT), 1961-65 AVFRAGE AND 1966/79 AasUAL 4
1974 1975 197 6 1717 II7t 74 1 9 t 1')b7 1 Bj 1999 1170 1 J7! i2 I97J E'.:191-b8 P1 . : -. A '>t. t ...... 111.... b.. 101hA it.1N......
42.7 474b. h 5UI I . I 5 L.Sj 57 :I.7 5S J 5(34 j . *JA 36. , 4o 2.8 421 S I .3 .C8 1 4432. b 443,.1 44 Z 3.4 44 U9. 0 4/
21 1 9.6 Z1.7 I. . 4 4 81,I b . I IJb 2 . I d9b J.7 I . 6 t 2 0 5 7.4 213 J.2 * 1 64. t t 1111)Z ,I 85.Ith.- Ib,,17 1 o t, .4 1 98- bd)174.
942 .2 972. 10U I I .3 9 b 4. J 83 M .9 27.7 7 7 . 7 bl . 5 7 6 2.9 77 U . I 8 5 9.1 iA: X . I i n h r ' 9 -. 2 _ 743.b 792.1 1g , . 7 i37.2 b9. 7 9t.6 9e. 5 104.8 i I 2I. II I.e ) e 75. 9J 7b.7 32.2 r4.3 b3.3 h. I 2 j. r ; 3 ...k 7.5 t, 4.5 4.5 4.9 6.J 6J S . .1_3. t , , J.3.b 4.0 4. 1.44. 55.3 614 4..8 (J % . I.1 ' ' 13.; .2. 51.7 3 .±, 4.5 42.J 4s.4-7 ) 57.9 .4 31 I.4 ±1.. 3114 2..77 4 J2.5 24.9 , , .c. 713.9 3O .) 8 .0 t. 73f.4 J 4.I . J 7.9 4 4.s. 3.5 4S.4 4b.5 4 4.4 S 4h.4U . '~1-. ! .L 3.1 3.7 .1 .1.4 di-. 7 -4 ) 1.J 7- 4 *27 ,, S. Z 4 SS.3 hl 61 61. 4 N . I, 92. i 5~~~i0 ' 6.~ ~ 4 4 7 I h I , ' i . . , . . 8 .. b . t ' * . 5 1. . O ) . vt. ..,7.ISZ 7. t,I h .h 4.9h 7.215.1 J.1 4.11 4. 4 4. 6 .t . 4 .j 2.:)7 i 3. .') 2. 2.3 3. . 1t .1 1.1 I 1.1. I I u.1.8 . 8.3 J. 1 I :. : . A ..\ ~ 1., 1.2 1 .3 I 1s. I , 1lu .2I . 4. 2.5 32.3 271.9 I .49 2.1 .8 21.. t.1 2 .4s J+st3 3S. J.02.5 1. 44. 1 h .I I nl . 5 1 L 7 ZI 4. U .' I.I I .J I i. I > .9 8 S 1 ' . ! , s ! S . U 2 :. . Uu W 4. .5 4 .4 4 .5 4 .4 4. Z.4.7 4 4.1 ;uNN-.1*.I 1.3 K3. hL. J. J I s.Z. 2.1 '2l J zJX. UA!1 2.i. .. (J
2 .5 2.13 2Z .17 7.1 9 J . tl J .1 1.4 4 J14. ' 4.;' 1,1 .t !4 : 9J .1U 1: U .9 2..7 2 S 4z.0 2 2.1 . 2 0.1 l0. I U. IJ . I J.. I TL: U . 2 1J2 1 .2 074.1 1 .6 18. 2 u .2 ;1 ;. 1.3 1.4 i.. 1. 1(.3 21.1±.83 4 14.03 1.J 1.1 '- . 1 1.0 1).t± 1.9 1l.U 19.12
Ia.I. r.S I 4 710. b 5.9 b-40. b 541. b 654 . 7 J .2 7 bs .2 i O. '.:'.' 4.i .I 6 9 . . 34.I t47. .8 719. 2 6 I 7U.3 21,S .9 27J.1 J27.41 .. 4 9b.2 9 45.i ;tt ' 5 .6t 51.I iS. 5 L 4 5 .57 73.62 64.2U ;.7 0. 0S. 7 5.69 7. 1. adIS a.I b. J. -U * I 4.3 U.4 40.5 4.6 0.9 S. I 231 15.8 .I . ( 122).0 11UE.J 24.E I 1 4.( 13I l4341044 14.,9 142.2 154.2 174.4 148.1 191.2 1o5.7 0. 4 10.8 1.2 41.47 In.1 U6.2 4. I 1 .3 19.1 : 1 . 3 .r. Ib.2 109,. 1.21 20.11 _!:1\A.1 2 9. 55.9 52. 6 29.0 50.6 570.3 645.2 a >.1v S.. COLOi!:iA 437.b *. 4. 435.3 435.8 47.4 S0.8 62.9 6 2 3 .5 . 727-. 9 a . 251 .9 11., VEL2t .UEA 16.56 S .9S S.4 1 .9 S2.6 6.2 U.7 0.1 0.6 0.8 0. U. U7.U . 0.1 AL IEIC 0. (.10 0. 6 0.6 0.7 0.7 U.7 ut L ' 1 4. - ILI 3 I.4 IS5.3 1 S . I I12. b 1 2 .7 1 1.0 11.8a I AY %GiJ kY 14. 14.9 L14. 9 1 4.4 1 4. I 8.1I D2 S. Y.9 9 .2 9 .0 b.h b.5 6 tt.b il URL; 83 9. b6 d.S 9.3 0 0.*.2 D .1A I. I I. z. U.I u2 .2.2 0. 3. (s2 SELX 1U! 7 26. 9 I9 2 8. 6 29 .0 34. 6 *U 7.7 3. 57.0 3b.o3 2 4.3 ' S.3 5 .1 3 4.5 40. 0 Jl K L.'L A Y 27.2I 2 2 .6 2 3.bU 24.S 2 5.1I 2b.0 2s. 7 la.2 1 6. S I I7.9 I d.4 1 8. 9 20. 9 2 1. 5 2 2. 9 VEX'LZUELA . I 0.1L 0.I 0.1I 0.1I 0.1I 0.1 0U. .. I1 uTH S A!1ER7C 0.1I 0.I 0 .I 0.1I 0.1I
/contlnuASd
. ~ ~~. Table III-B2: PRODUCTION OF CATTLEHIDES AND CALFSKINS (INCLUDING BUFFALOES) (WET SALTED WEIGHT), 1961-65 AVERAGE AND 1966/79 ANhUAL
COUNTRY 1961-65 13 66 19 67 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 * 1974 1975 t97b 19 7 ; AVEi'ACE ,.L-.
AFRICA 176.7 184.4 190.6 198.8 207.2 213.5 207.3 203.6 209.2 710.1 210.2 214.3 221. 227.b 2;!.;
V AFRICA 13.4 14.7 15.5 16.3 17.3 17.6 18.0 1°.8 19.7 19.1 18.S 17.4 17.7 17.9 Y -. 3 .GER IA 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.b6 8 3. 5 3..t, -_ 23CCU 8.7 9.3 10.1 10.9 11.7 11.9 12.0 12.6 13.1 12.3 1. I3).2 9.-; a ; UNISIA 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.5 3.6 4.2 4. -.
I.EST AFKICA 45.0 47.6 49.4 52.0 54.5 54.2 54.6 53.0 53.0 50.1 49.5 49.3 53.1 35. S4*. BE414 FDR 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 . ;. GABiAIA 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 t.l 0. 'IHANA 1. 8 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.7 1.7 1.4 1.4 .5 C0JINriA 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.; 1.6 I (OJR COAST 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.9 4.0 4.2 4.6 5.0 4.1 3.3 3.8 3.3 4.5 LIKERIA 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 3.4 .. MAI 5. 0 5. 4 5.6 5.9 6.1 b.1 6.1 5.3 4.5 4.5 4.8 5. 5.] ;.5 .: MAU'JITAt;:I 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.5 I.4 1.2 1.S 1.5 ;.7 2.0 C:CEXG Li, 3.5 3.9 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.2 3.B 3.5 2.') 3.2 2.3 3... 1.S 3.- SIGERIA 21.0 21.6 22.0 24.1 24.1 24.1 25.4 25.2 26.1 24.8 21.6 23.3 24.2 2t..0 ,1 SF.4 EfA! 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 4.9 4.0 4.3 5.5 4.0 4.4 4.4 4.3 5.5 1:i?PA *I:JNE 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1 .c iS.(,J 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 3.4 0.4 0.5 C.S 0. t 0. b 0 .h bb !. ,'7Ek V')LTA 1.3 1.8 1.8 1.7 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.9 2.3 :,i '.3 0. . ! AFRICA 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0-.. 0.4 0.4 0. O
: ETR AFRICA 12.4 12.9 13.4 13.4 14.1 15.4 15.0 16.3 16. 7 16.6 17.i 17.0I .7 l3 li._ A.'..OLA 3.4 3.6 3.9 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5. vJ ' ANEKOON 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.2 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.4 4. 6 .7. (LIT AFK REP 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1. 44.4 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.7 4.0 4.0 3. 3.83 3.5 3.7 3.1 %.7 3.7 ; 7 0.I 0.I 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0. 1 .0.2 V11' ;.'Z A et)N 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 O.t u.o 0.0 Z AIFE 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1. 8 1 . 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.3 'd t AFRICA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ('i.0 ;.0 '.0
I ,tr AFRKICA 100.7 104.0 107.2 112.5 116.9 120.6 12.8 109.5 112.9 117.7 118.2 123.2 126.6 127.8 130.1 13I 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.n 2.1 .7 2.2 Z'. ITrP3 F1S 24.5 25.2 25.7 26.3 27.0 27.9 22.9 22.8 23.1 25.9 22. ' 22.? 23.1 2J.': 23.1 tL % IL 20.8 22.3 21.6 22.1 22.4 23.5 22.3 20.8 19.7 20.3 2u.3 23.4 23.4 24.3 :5.I 12.9 12.9 13.4 13.4 12.8 12.9 11.8 11.7 12.1 12.2 12.5 17.8 13.1 13.5 12
/continued Table III-B2: PRODUCTIONIOF CATTLEHIDES AND CALFSKINS (INCLUDING BUFFALOES) (WET SALTED whIGHlT), 1961-65 AVERAGE AND 1966/79 ANNUAL
coUXrKY 19,1-ft5 19b6 1967 196g 19b9 17u 171 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1917 1978 19)9 co \W vEt, %II PSEL LES IF ...... ;...... I...HOUSAND I) U. 'ALAW: 9 C.s O.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.1 0 .7 0.8 0.9 MAUI] .:2 C'.? O. _ G.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.a OZId > i q u E . I2.1 2.s 2.9 3. U 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.6 !.7 3.1 -4A i -^ J. .4 I1.C 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.b 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 .,i1. 1- A. 6. I t . 4 b.5 o .7 7.0 7.0 1.0 6.7 6.4 6.1 6.8 7.0 7.1 1.17.4 ks -tA Ij.1 13.9 14.1 17.2 1S.3 19.3 17.7 15.8 19.1 19.6 20.4 21.1'1.6 24.4 Z2.5 UCA L.A - .1 6.4 6.5 6.7 7.2 7.0 7.6 7.6 8.0 8.2 8.6 8.7 9.4 9.6 9.1 2. 6 2.18 2.6 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5 .S _ 1Y A!5W1 8.2 8 .1 9.1 LG.I 1l.2 12.2 13.0 13.3 13.6 13.9 14.8 1I.2 16.0 1;.4 14.7 GttL E AFRiCA J.4 u. 4 C.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 8.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
At.~Il 1LV 5.3 5.2 5.0 4.5 4.5 5.1 t.0 6.1 6.9 6.5 6.6 7.1 6.9 7.1 7.3
.SA! EA51 74. is._ 76.4 83.8 8b.8 88.5 91.0 89.9 91.7 98.4 101.1 101.8 108.2 I11.5 113.8
N EASr A t 2 3.J 23.6 2t.0 3i.4 30.3 31.0 32.0 32.9 33.3 35.5 36.8 38.2 39.5 41.2 42.0 112.5 L.7 12.9 16.9 17.1 17.4 18.1 18.6 19.1 19.6 20.0 20.4 20.) 21.3 21.6 LItYA 0.4 O. 3 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.4 1.0 1.2 1.4 1 . 2.3 2.4 :UVAh% 10.4 10.6 11.6 12.8 12.6 13.0 13.3 13.6 13.8 14.9 15.6 16.3 16.5 17.5 17.9
S IA: A S IA S l .3 52.6 5 .3 5 3. 1. 56.5 5 l. 5 58.9 57.0 56.4 62.9 64.3 65.7 68.8 70.3 11.14 AFL AXISIAN, 5.9 o.3 o.5 6.5 6.9 1.2 7.2 7.1 6.2 5.1 5.6 S.4 6.0 6. 1 6.2 LYe>y U0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0. 3 0.3 0.3 IIAN 8.9 8.5 8.5 8.4 B.3 10.4 13.5 14.0 15.1 16.3 18.0 20.6 21.6 21.7 21.7 I Kx q 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 5.4 5.2 4.8 4.6 4.8 5.5 5. 5.7 5.b jFDA% 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 L_YlikANt-i I, 5 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.j 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 SAU.)I ARA 8 lA 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.I 1.2 Si A .2.0 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.9 2.9 .0 :i!28.1 2.1 2 27.9 30.6 29.0 26.3 24.3 25.6 29.8 29.0 26.7 28.6 29.0 40.2 L':., Ai 1.5 1.4 I.5 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 3. 1.5 1. S 1. I L:1.-S L)Eft 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 LTI NE ASlA 0.3 0.3 0.4S 0.3 0.3 0. 3 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.- 0.
FAR EAST 413.5 422.4 434.7 443.3 453.9 467.61 474.8 486.1 496.4 505.4 515.2 521.4 327.0 537.5 541.1
SO.J1H ASIA 346.t 356.4 356.9 376.2 382.1 392.5 401.7 410.3 419.1 424.6 429.9 433.4 437.4 446.0 447.3 5A,14;;Lk9ESP. 227.0 27.1 27.7 28.3 28.9 29.5 29.9 30.4 30.9 31.6 32.3 33.0 33.1 39.4 39.4 114016 261.0 268.0 276.0 283.0 290.0 298.0 305.0 312.0 319.0 322.5 325.0 327.0 329.5 331.5 331.15 N EAL 10.2 10.5 10.9 11.S 11.11 12.0 i2.2 12.4 12.6 12.9 13.2 13.5 13.8 14.1 14.3 14 PAKISTAN 46.1 48.5 50.0 51.0 49.5 50.7 ui.9 52.9 54.0 55.1 56.5 $1.5 55.2 $5.9 59. ' SRI LANKA 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.5 1. OTL s ASIA 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0
/contlnued
p~~~~~~~.. *~~ 0
Table III-B2: PRODUCTION OF CATTLEHIDES AND CALFSKINS (INCLUDING BUFFALO0ES) (WET SALTED WEIGHT), 1961-65 AVERAGE AND 1966/79 ANNUAL
COUNTRY 1961-65 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1911 1972 1973 1974 1975 191b 19 7 !978 1"i AVERAGE T S TONS ...... THoUSAND ToNs ...... E SE ASIA 66.9 66.0 67.8 61.1 71.3 75.1 i7.1 75.8 77.3 80.8 85.3 86.0 89.6 91.5 9; 7 BURMA 10.0 10.0 10.5 11.1 11.3 11.6 li.8 12.0 12.5 13.5 13.b 14.1 14.5 14.9 11.3 HONG KONG 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.7 3.0 3.0 2.7 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.1 1 2 INVONESIA 17.0 16.3 16.6 14.9 16.6 18.5 15.4 16.9 16.8 16.9 17.0 17.5 17.4 17.7 17. KOREA REP 3.9 2.8 3.3 3.0 3.1 4.0 3.8 3.1 3.6 4.6 6.6 7.0 7.0 b.9 LAO P)R 1.6 ;.3 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 . .5 2.6 2.8 .* MALAY-IA 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.5 ;.o * MAL:PENISSUL 2.1 2.0 2.1 i.9 1.9 2.0 2. 1 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.1 _.4 MAL SABAH 2 0. 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 U.4 0.4 0.3 U.3 0.4 0.4 MAL SARAWAK 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pg1LIPPItJES 7.2 7.3 G.) 7.4 8.0 9.3 9.4 10.0 10.4 10.9 11.2 11.4 11.2 11.4 il.: 1 .4 StINAPORE 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.C 0.8 O.1. THAILAND 21.6 22.0 22.1 22.5 23.0 23.5 23.9 24.4 24.8 26.3 2d.1 29.5 30.2 30.6 31.3 (JTH E SE AS 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.7 C. ASIAN CPE 262.5 263.9 265.7 266.2 267.8 269.d 271.6 274.1 274.1 277.2 283.6 293.1 3I.3 30;.5 31 .> CHINA 245.9 246.2 247.1 247.9 248.9 250.3 251.7 252.5 253.9 256.6 262.6 272.6 280.e.. 2 S.6 .- o.- ASIAN CPE-C 16.6 17.7 18.6 18.3 19.0 19.5 19.9 21.5 20.3 20.6 21.0 21.1 20.7 20.9 :1.: KAMPtUCHEA 0 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.4 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.t 1.9 2.0 1.7 !.3 KOREA DPK 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2. . 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2. 2.. S :.b MONGOLIA S.9 6.6 7.2 6.4 6.8 6.5 6.5 8.2 6.8 7.2 7.6 8.5 7. *.0 8.1 VIET SAM .1 7. 4 7.7 8.0 8.3 b.6 8.13 8.2 8.3 8.2 8.1 8.3 8.4 S.7 * CTH JV.PlIG 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.2 *.3 N AKER;C D£V 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.C *.- OCEANIA DEV 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.h 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 i.9 1.9 2.2 2.3 .4 OEVELOPED 2123.9 2378.4 2502.4 2580.3 2576.2 2567.3 2649.0 2592.8 2606.4 2885.7 3039.5 3149.9 3106.5 3043.7 2876.. # AMERICA 917.7 947.2 955.6 982.4 97,. 8 977.2 1011.5 997.2 939.2 1098.9 1138.6 1202.1 1187.2 1094.1 9 -9. CANADA 84.3 83.1 87.0 88.4 80.2 88.4 92.6 91.7 87.9 94.3 86.7 65.2 84.8 7..9 7?., 833.4 864. 868.6 1 894.0 89 6. 6 8f8.8 918.9 905.6 851.3 1004.5 i051. 1117.4 I0.Z 101t 5 . 3 ' I W LO S;OY 612.0 649.7 694.9 717.8 722.2 760.9 764.3 701.9 . 732.3 846.9 810.7 846.3 82C.9 618.7 b35.8 tCc 477.5 507.6 541.6 555.5 555.8 594.7 596.4 544.4 566.7 b60.8 b68.3 664.3 648. 64]3.2 6bl. IELGIUM-LUX 24.7 V 23.9 24.6 24.8 24.5 25.2 26.1 24.5 24.7 28.2 28.7 26.6 25.6 25.' 26.6 DfENMARK 18.6 14.6 16.6 15.5 14.0 19.2 19.4 17.1 18.4 23.7 23.5 24.0 24.1 24.5 25.h tRANCE 121.3 125.7 137.2 142.0 133.4 135.3 137.2 125.4 121.5 143.5 IS0.9 15C.1 147.i 14%.6 0%6-. GIRMANY FEU 109.0 116.1 115.5 118.6 120.8 129.8 130.9 122.9 12 .2 143.1 138.7 153.4 148.3 150.5 tiq,
/coutinued o Table III-B2: PRODUCTIONOF CATTLEHIDESAND CALFSKINS (INCWDING BUFFALOUS) (WET SALTEDWEIGHT), 1961-65 AVERAGEAND 1966179 ANNUAL S9tl-65 ''J'JNINt 19bt 19 67 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1973 '4 A VE RAt: E ?IEL EST ...... TIC.....THtUSANDroas... :R fLAND) 1J.3 l6.6 25.1 25.1 2.1 25.3 27.5 23.5 28.7 43.9 54.3 40.2 45.6 4$.' '5.4 Co llIALS 27.3 91.2 1)).2 107 122.1 126.1 I2S.o 109.6 132.4 128.9 114.8 15.0 138.7 116.2 119.6 b 9 L A LNDS 2S.t 28 . 7 2t.4 31.2 31.6 -to. 7 34.8 32.3 32.5 41.4 41.7 39.0 39.3 3i.I 36.9 i a84.4 b8.7 92.8 91.1 87.3 9S.0 95.1 89.2 h4.2 108.1 125.6 108.0 99.2 97.4 91.8a
tSKR EItC 134.6 14Z.1 153.3 1 62.4 166.4 16t6.2 16 7.9 1 57.5 165.6 386. 1 192.4 182.0 176.4 1tS.4 17J.9 A; T I A 20.3 22.5 22. 23.9 23.2 21.5 22.3 27.2 25.8 21.0 31.7 27.0 25.2 2S.7 26.5 !3.9 13.2 14.4 12.8 13.3 14.8 15.6 14.3 8.7 15.3 1S.6 14.2 12.7 13.9 14.5 I ;I S.6 10.5 11.0 12. 3 11.4 :.9 10.2 9.b 12.0 I1.2 14.4 12.4 11.7 11.0 : .o 0.7 0.7 0. U.S U .. S5 .5 0. S U.6 0.6 0.S 0.4 0.6 (.6 0.7 *0;-x 1}. ().2 0.2 0.3 0.3 U.2 0.2 U.2 0.1 0.1 .1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 .,1.:7, r 7.4 7. t .. 7.0 7.t 6.7 0.4 5.7 6.0 4.7 1.6 3 7 3. 3.9 7.O 7.2 6.3 h.8 9.4 10.5 IN.3 9.8 10.0 9.7 10.4 8.4 i. 9. .2 I2.9 24.9 27.0 2d.9 29.6b 3.3 34.6 29.8 43. 3 41.8 44.5 40.2 40.7 I 8.4 36.8 .1. . 3 '. N 117. 5 h6.7 I 15.0 1b.0 16.0 14.1 12.1 12.4 13.4 13.2 13.5 11.0 12.7 12.a 58.7 &l.0 11.I -:,'.. 17.Z 21. 2 20.2 zo I 20.7 18.6 17.4 19.4 18.3 18.9 18.9 18.8 19.6 2. Aj-:4\:. 24.8 28.5 31.2 35.6 34.8 30.9 32.0 28.5 31.8 34.8 40.1 41.0 40.9 40.3 J 8.7
;.':-_ ; 1: 5 2S.8 60b.1 bS71.1 711.J oSI. 2 628.0 bS5. 1 657.3 667.3 696.3 749.2 776.4 740.3 762.6 711.6 >: .7 3bU.2 452.o 515.8 529.4 500.9 49 .4 47S.2 483.5 489.1 509.0 549.0 572.9 516.5 564.6 5)0.0
IAS? LS\,OPE 1 1S3.4 169.3 182.3 lt3S.3 17S.6 175.9 173.8 178.2 187.2 200.3 203.5 193.8 198.0 201.6 . .i AN I A 1. 5 1 . 8 2.2 L .9 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2..' 2.7 2.8 2.b A fti'!A t.A 7 8.1 8.0 8.6 8. 9 8.3 7.4 8.7 9.6 9.0 9.3 10.6 11.9 12.2 12.3 C EC'SLOVAK 2S.3 28.0 31.b 34.3 31.7 31.0 31.5 32.5 33.3 34.9 34.7 33.3 33.8 33.9 35.2 Q:~.: .... ??R 29.7 30.2 30.0 31.1 30.8 31.8 3:.3 34.0 33.3 33.8 36.6 36.7 34.2 35.8 35.a :.: ; . I .boiJ.9 JV0.0 10. 3 12.60 12.9 11.8 Ii.6 10.7 10.9 11.1 14.8 a .2.5 12.3 12.3 12.5 Oy .; . 55.4 o2.9 67.6 77.7 72.1 710.8 64.6 64.8 72.4 77.8 81.0 69.1 72.I 74.0 *I.b 20.1 23.5 20.2 24.1 21.1 20.7 21.0 23.7 23.5 24.5 26.5 29.8 25.1 29.8
131.1 122.1 119.5 123.3 137.6 143.4 155.2 169.1 206.5 185.3 219.3 266.9 290.0 301.7 272.0 A ST.AALtA 102.7 94.9 90.4 90.5 100.9 105.5 117.4 :29 .2 163.0 142.4 168.8 212.3 239.6 252.3 227.2 N.W ZE'ALAND 28.4 27.3 29.1 . 32.8 36.6 37.9 37.8 39.8 43.5 42.9 50.5 54.6 50.4 49.5 44.8 u-b 1.EV.1'EU 60.9 53.3 47.3 45.1 50.5 57.8 62.9 61.4 61.1 5S.4 63S.8 7. 7 64.1 66.5 67.3 SSRAEL I.9 1.9 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 3.6 3.0 IAPA S 22 0 14.7 13.3 12.7 18.2 21.4 23.0 23.4 17.3 24.0 24.4 g0.2 23.1 24.9 24.3 S0.Ttd AFRICA 37 .0 36.6 32.0 30.1 30.0 34.1 37.4 41.8 41.5 31.9 35.0 55.1 37.8 38.0 40.1
Source: PD t/orld Statistical Cof.udium for Raw Ede. nd Skoin, Leather d eL omr. 1961-199, Rme 1980. U w . 0
Table III-B3: PRODUCTION OF SHiEEPSKINS AND LAMBSKINS (DRY WEIGHT), 1961-65 AVERAGE AND 1966/79 ANNUAL
CCUNT.Y 1961 -65 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 19174 19975 1916 1977 1978 1979 FP A VE RAGE tiEL SST ...... TONS...... T
w j R ',D 298,7 305.6 315.5 335.2 326.7 328.2 336.3 344.2 319.9 303.8 314.1 31S.1 315.8 326.9 320.0
DEi.L)P 14. 96. ? 103.7 104.2 116.3 112.5 112.7 115.5 115.1 110. 5 110.4 115.7 119.3 122.1 125.1 127.8
L 1.1FY ICA 2!.2 22.8 24.0 25.0 24.1 22.8 22.1 18.5 17.9 17.3 18.4 £8.6 19.0 19.1 19.& Rl.Xf . ir. 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 C,-.' RICA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.p 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EL A *ADOR 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 f . A1! i w i!A 0.2 0.1 0.2 O.., 0.1 0.2 0.1 0. O.I 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 -kb )aAs ,3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 U-. .. A'EgRC 0.0 0.u 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C.0 0.0 0.0
0R! I -NO.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 11.. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 i A!' R° 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 d7 .;0.0.; 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 i -I Z -A 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 : : 8o1_ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 D.0 :.WC : 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0o.e 0.0 0.60 98°0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C.0 0.1 0.1
so . ! AMERIC 19.8 21.5 22.6 23.6 22.7 21.5 20.7 17.5 16.8 16.1 17.2 17.4 17.7 17.7 1a.2 I^GEN1' NA 8.3 9. 6 10.5 10.5 9.8 8.9 8.7 6.6 6.4 6.5 7.3 1.3 7.5 7.3 7.4 aJE:i,VIA 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 BaA: t L 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 6 2. 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.1 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.0 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.S 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.1 lA .: w10.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 o.3 0.4 0.4 . 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.S 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 . Ai:A' 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 *'.' .- t.C_ AY 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.S 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.o 0.0 0. L'tUGUAY 5.0 5.4 5.5 S.8 S.5 5.4 4.7 4.1 3.6 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.8 v!.Z' IELA 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 oT:1 S AML.IC 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.8
A FIAI 21.6 22.4 22.e 23.2 23.4 23.8 24.3 24.5 24.9 24.4 25. 25.1 26.2 26.9 21.2
N w %-?.ICA 5.9 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.8 7.0 7.4 7.5 8.0 4.1 8.2 7.8 8.1 8.4 *.- ALGL&11 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.S 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.2 'tOCCO 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.8 3.6 3.3 2.9 2.9 rUNISIA 1.0 3.1 3.0 - 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1631.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 - Otl VW AFrIC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 , 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 0
/cartlnued Table III-B3: PRODUCTION OF SHEEPSKINS AND LAMBSKINS (DRY WEIGHT). 1961-65 AVERAE AND 1966/79 ANNUAL
COUNTRY 1961-65 1966 1967 1968 19 69 1970 1971 1972 1973 19;4 1975 1976 1917 1978 19'9 AVEkACE PEEL Es...... THOUSAND TONS ...... T
VEST AFRICA 3.5 3.7 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.6b 4.7 SENIN FOR 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 GAMBIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GHANA 0.1 0.Z 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.: 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 GUINEA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 IVORY COAST 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 9.3 0.3 0.3 LIBERIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 HALL 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 KAUKITAKIA 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 VIGER 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 NICERIA 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 SENECAL 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 C.4 SIERRA LEONE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 O.C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.e ,ocO 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.i UPPER VOLTA 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 C.2 OTII W AFRICA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 t.Nll AFRICA 0.6 0.8 0!8 0.9 0.9 C.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 '.1 1.1 i.l ANGOLA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.D 0.0 CAERt0oo 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.i TENt AYR REP 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ClHt. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 C.4 CLNGO 0.J 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 CASON 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ZAIRE 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 o.1 OTH C AFRICA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 r.o
EAST AFRICA 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.6 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.7 10.0 10.9 11.2 11.2 11.3 1t.' 1UOUNDI 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 ETHIOPIA 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.6 S.5 5.4 5.5 5.S 5.5 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.' '.3 A.1 KENYA 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.-3 ' MA3ACASCAR 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 ).I 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 O.l 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.'*.i MALAWI 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 KAURITIUS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 MOZAMBIQUE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 . 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 '.9 PWANUA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 O.C SO!ALIA 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.8 Z.9 2.9 3.' : 0 'ANZANIA 0.3 0.3 0.3 D.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.$ '- LGANDA 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 C.3 C.. ZA9RIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 O.f 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 O.C 0.0 ZINIASUE 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 .1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 OTH C AFRICA 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0°° 0.
S A.rICA DCV 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.A 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 I
/coutinued
* 0 *. ' Table III-B3: PRDDUCTICI OF SHEEPSKINS AND LANBSKINS (DRY WEIGHT), 1961465 AVEtAGE AND 1966/79 ANNUAL
CoUINRY 1961-65 1966 196J 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1916 1t71 1978 19J) AVERACG PSEL EST E ...... ThtOUSAND TUNS ......
S '_AR SAST 28.0 32.5 30.5 40.6 35.9 36.6 38.8 41.1 3b.0 3b.5 37.8 40.5 41.6 42.9 43.9
N eA' r AFR 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.8 3. 3.9 4.0 4.Z 4.4 E v_IY'P 0.6 0.) 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.r 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 LI3YA 0.3 0.4 U.s 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 SL.,dAN 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 li ,X ,. ASIA 25.3 29.7 27.4 37.- 32.6 33.1 35.2 37.5 32.3 32.7 34.0 36.6 37.6 3I.7 39.5 .:~A k SrA% 3.1 3.2 3. 4 3.4 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.7 3.9 4.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 7.6 10.9 8.8 17.9 12.5 13.3 15.5 18.0 13.9 14.1 15.3 1*.5 11.0 17.6 IS.C I RA Q 1.6 1.6 I.b 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.6 ji JAN 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 L ESA-!;0 N 0.4 U41. 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 9.2 SAUDi ARABIA 1.9 2. 3 1. 9 2.3 2.1 1 9 1.7 2.3 1. 0 1. 0 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 syR:A 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.5 2.6 2.6 LzgS-EY 71.3 7.7 7.8 8.0 8.9 8.6 S.6 8.3 8.4 8.8 9.1 9.3 9.3 9.5 9.S Yi'- AR 0.? 0.6 0.7 0.6 U.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.I 0.7 0. 0.1 0.7 YL41 N DLA 0. 3 0.3 U.33 0. 0.3 3 0 .3 0. 3 0 . 0.3 3 0.3 0. 0. 3 0 3 0. 3 0-a O1T NE ASrA 0.4 .) b 0. b .6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0. 7 0.8 0. 7 0.9 I 1 I . 2 1.2
*AR LASr 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.0 16.0 16.0 16.5 16.9 17.6 17.7 18.7 19.6 20.4 it.1 21.8 s412rt ASIA 12.9 13.3 13.7 14.2 15.3 15.2 15.8 16.1 16.6 17.0 17.9 18.6 19.3 20.0 0. 6 jk34 0551iESH 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 I As ; 9.1\ 9. 4 9.o .9 10.8 10. 5 10. 8 10.8 11.1 11. 3 1 1 .5 11 6 b.6 1 I1 I . 1.2 AsQL 0.4 0.4 0. 4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 O.S 0.5 ?AISrAN 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.2 4.4 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.8 6.2 6.8 7.4 .0 Siv1 LANkA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.u 0.0 1)T1 S ASIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
L SE ASIA 0. 7 0. 7 0. 7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0. 7 0.8 0.9 0. 7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.1 1. 2 SoiR -A 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0d.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ss.'k0.6 SIA 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.? 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.: kv. ' .'. R: P 0.0 O.U 0.0 O.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 'IA.AiYSIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 .KL:PiNISS'JL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 .'HiLIP?iNES 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 SNhGA IRE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 TI. ILAND 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0t' E SE AS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
/continued L Table III-B3: PRODUCTIl*N OF SHEEPSKINS AND LAMBSKINS (DRY WEIGHT), 1961-65 AVERAGE AND 1966/79 ANNUAL 0 COUNTRY 1961-65 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 L971 1972 1973 1I74 1975 19Je 1977 197d 19; ° AVERAGE PKEL esr ...... HOUSAND TONS ......
ASIAN CPE 11.8 11.9 12.5 12. 13.0 13.5 13.7 14.0 14.1 14.5 15.2 15.0 16.8 15.0 :.z CHINA 10.1 10.3 10. 8 11.0 11.3 11.7 12.0 12.2 12.3 12.5 1 2.7 12.8 12.9 13. 1 I j.
ASIAN CPE-C 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.5 2.2 1.9 :.0 KOREA DPR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0..' 0.0 MONGCLIA 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.5 2.1 1.8 1.9Y .3 t'.U .'IET NAM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C.O
0O;i DV.PING 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 O.u C.L v ANERIC DEV 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 o.a r. OCEANIA DEV 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 J.O
DEVELOPED 206.4 201.9 211.3 218.9 214.2 215.5 220.8 229.1 209.4 193.2 199.0 196.4 193.7 201t. 132.2
N AMEPICA 12.4 12.1 12.1 11.3 10.1 10.0 10.2 9.8 9.2 8.5 7.6 e.5 6.1 5.1 ; : CA:IADA 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.13 o.7 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 02 C.; u. USA 12.0 11.7 11.7 10.9 9.8 9.) 9.9 9.5 8.8 r.2 7.2 b.2 5.9 5.0 ..
W EUROPE 47.3 50.2 50.3 49.4 48.0 49.5 50.5 50.5 50.5 53.1 54.4 53.9 51.4 53.1 t .2
EEC 26.9 29.4 29.1 28.2 26.1 28.0 29.2 28.9 29.1 30.6 31.7 31.2 29.5 30.5 2U.5 BELCIUn-LUX 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0: 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 k2.L DE2.4ARK 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C.J F?94CE 4.9 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.4 6.0 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.6 7.3 2.2 7.3 .2.9 GiE?'e.4Y FED 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.v IrEIAND 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.1 2.0 2.6 2.3 IT!LY 3.7 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.9 5.4 5.8 5.6 5.1 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.8 *.9 5.2 IF.T11EKLAN0S 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 - t - UK 14.7 16.3 15.9 14.9 12.6 13.8 13.6 13.3 14.2 15.6 15.8 15.1 13.6 13.9 14.0 OTA EEC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
W EUR EX EEC 20.4 20.8 21.6 21.3 21.8 21. 21.3 21.6 21.4 22.5 22.) 22.7 22.0 22.6 22.3 A.'SXIA 0.0 0.0 _ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.I 0.1 0.1 FIrlLAND 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.- GECECI 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.0 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.7 7.1 7.3 7.2 1.1 7.1 7.1 ICELAND 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 MALTA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 PhWA1Y 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 PURTD'CAL 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.4 SPAIN 7.6 7.5 7.8 7.6 7.6 8.1 7.9 8.0 8.0 8.6 *.2 8.0 2.9 7.1 7.3 SWEDEN 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 *.2 0.2 0.2 SWIT?itLAND 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 TUCOSLAVIA 2.8 3.0 3.- 3.7 28 3.1 3.3 3.4 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.2 2.4 3.1 3.a F
_ mtln*dI
* *a. w 3
Table III-B3: PRCDUCTION OF SHEEPSKINS AND LAZ1BSKINS (DRY WEIGHT), 1961-65 AVERAGEAND 1966/7 9 ANNUAL
cUkl' .r ;1 y t9i1-cS 1vb4 1967 196a 1969 1970 1911 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 197? J97t 19/9 A v 1 4 1 ?t EL E5' ...... *.. 0...... Ti-UUSAND TUN S ...... o * *** , ,@@
47.0 46.2 2717 F :;U'i:isit '4d. 54. 7 bO. 3 58.9 55.8 55. 5j.95 5U. 5 50.7 52. 1 55. 1 41. i 4 .3 44.1 49.1 48.0 4 .5 45.0 43.1 39.9 39.9 41.1 44.1 36.8 37.0 31.9 Ii..5
S T * R L 10.L7 1(.2 10. v I 1. 3 1U. 5 1O. 7 10.6 10.8 1 1 .0 L1.5 W.U 10.0 1 .3 I L. L n i :AzA:. U . ?0 U. 7 0. 9 0. 8 0.7 0. 7 U. I 0. 7 0. 7 0. 0. 7 U. I U. 7 0. I 0. 7 n a _! . A b. I 5 . 2 5. 2 5.1 5.0 4. 5 4. 6 4. 7 4. 6 4. 9 4. 2 4.8 4.0 4. 1 4. 7
U t,DAK'LD 0.3 0.3 L3 (. 0 5 0.6 0. b 0 e . b 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.1 o.1 (J., G -. t :* )x U.u<. U. 5 1. 4 0. 3 0 4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 01.6 O.$ 0.6 G.6 t-:'.A. yY 0. 0 .5 0 .5 0. 4 0. 4 0. 3 :. 3 0. 3 0. 4 0.4 0.4 0. 2 O. 2 0.2 0. 3 r, '.A; 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0. 9 0.8 0.8 0.1 0U.6 0.S 0.U I . t7 K~"I.;iXtAi2. : b 2. 3. 2. 9 3. 4 3. 2 3. 3 3. 1 3. 2 3. 2 3. 4 3. 2 3. 6 3. 4 3.e
7-4.1 1I. 76.9 87.6 87. 5 89. a 95.1 I 8.1 91.5 72. 5 73.0 7. 719.9 b71 1 7 1.. k J S I I 33. 5 34. b 32.5 3b. U 36. 7 42.2 45. 4 52.9 4 1. 1 25. 3 28.7 32.18 3J.9 34. 9 3e. u S _; _ t-E L . ' D 4 0 . 7 39 . 5 44. 4 49 . 8 50.8 4 7 . 6 49 . 7 5 5. 2 50. 4 4 7. 2 44.3 45. 9 41 9 52. 2 4 S.
orh O;:v. PED 10. a 10. I1 1. 3 1 1. 6 12 7 10. 6 1 1. 2 10. 1 7.4 7.0 8.9 9.6 9.2a B.3 9(. ,:i. it. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0U.l 0U. 0 .1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 U. A]^lFkS 230 0.0 0.0 0.13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 U.0 0.0 0.0 (J..( S ILU AAF';K ICA IU. 10U. d 11. 11. 5 12.6 10. 5 1 1. 0 10. 0 7.3 6.9 8.8 9.5 9. I S. 2 8.9
Source: FAO World Statistical CoRpendium for Raw Hides and Skins, Leather and L"ther Footwear 1961-1979, Rome 1980.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I *3j Table III-B4: PRODUCTIOtNOF GOAT'SKINSAND KIDSKINS (DRY WEIGHT), 1961-65 AVERAGEAND 1966/79 ANNUAL
COLNTRY 1961-65 19 66 1961 19 1969 i970 1ti71 1977 1913 1974 1975 1976 1977 19t8 979 AVERAGE 'a FAtL EsT co ...... THOUSAND TONS ...... i:))tHLf£ 112.7 115.4 115.9 119.6 118.8 120.3 122.5 122.0 122.1 124.8 127.7 129.9 1)2.9 137.6 139.8 ,iE'.FL0'i !.0 99.9 103. 1 103.4 10?.1 106.8 109.1 111.6 111.8 112.0 114'.1 l17.2 119.3 122.3 127.0 129.3 LAT AIERICA 7.8 8.2 7.7 7.1 8.0 7.3 7.3 7.1 7.5 7.2 7.2 .72 7.2 1.4 7.7 .ES. CA.4! g.EAS 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.b CJ7.A 0.0 J. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 DtyII%ICA! RP O.C 0.0 0.0 0.0 t).0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 {Kt 0.3 0.3 0.3 3.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.S 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 i.VI A 0.1 0.1 0.2 0. 2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 PsS15) JUel 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 c.0 fh:4i!)Aj E'C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 .48 LARlBB 0.0 0.0 0.0 C.! 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 :.1 0.1 S0.J9 AMERIC 6.4 6.tl 6.2 6.2 6.3 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.6 ARGLITINA 2.0 2.1 2.1 Z.1 *. I I., 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 BOLIVIA O.) 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.S 0.5 7RA2AL 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.8 CEIL-fI 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 C,)!. 43 1A 0. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.! 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 I.k 0.1 0.1 0.1 C''tt>t;R G01 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 O. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0!'>> 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.LI 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Q.0 0.0 PA3A.JAY 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 PFEu 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.b 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.? SURINAMt O.U 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 URUCUAV 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.° 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 VE.EZLELA 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 A Fi'-.. A 22.3 23.1 24.3 23.5 23.6 24.4 24.5 24.2 24.1 24.2 24.6 24.5 25.3 5s.b 26.2 tt W A-RICA 2.7 Z. 8 2 8 2.7 2.7 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.5 ALCERIk 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 O. 0.% 0.9 XORGCCO 1.b 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 TUNISIA 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0;4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 OTH tIW AFRLC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 g.4 /continued Table I1I-B4: PRODUCTION OF GOATSKINS AND KIDSKINS (DRY WEIGHT), 1961-65 AVERAGE AND 1966/79 ANNUAL COUNTRY 1961-65 1966 19S7 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 197b 1°77 197S 177 , . AVERAGE PEEL EsT D ...... THvuSAND TONS. UEST AFRICA 7.2 7.8 S.6 8.1 8.1 8.2 8.2 7.9 7.5 7.6 7.9 8.2 1.5 8.8 9.0 SENIN rDa 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 01 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 GAMBIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C.0 GHANA 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.: GUINEA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 f ^ IVORY COAST 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 LIBERIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 e2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C.0 MALI 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 C.5 0.S 0.6 0.7 o.? 0.7 O.S MAURITARIA 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.. 0.3 0.3 0.3 e.3 NIGEIR 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.* NIGERIA 3.9 4.5 5.3 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.9 S.0 SFNLO.AL 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.7 SIERRA LEONE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 O0. 3.0 10o0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 c.; ;s?.ER VOLTA 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 e.- 0-> W AFRICA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 J.u CENTR AFRICA 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 4'f..OLA 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 t-AMERODN 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.; CtN8s.1 TI arE 0.1 .1I 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 .1t 0.1 0.1L 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0. 0C.l .*4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 O.5 L' 00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 00 0. LAr~~~~a~~~0.0 0.0 0.0 ' ~~~~~~~~~0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0000 0.0 0.0 (.C . 0.4 O.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 o.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.S 0.5 0.5 ",TN C A?TlcA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 . (AS-. *RlCA 10.4 10.6 10.7 10.5 10.5 10.6 I0.7 10.7 10.7 10.9 10.9 11.3 11.5 11.1 I1.b ikesl 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Lt.14PI 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.4 .. 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 IEXYA 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 I.S 1.5 MADA0ASCAR 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0. PALAWI 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 c.3 ,"ACRITIUS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0°~.L 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 N0ZAM8IQUA 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 RWANDA 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 SONALIA 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.1 TANZANIA 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.6 0.6 C.6 C.^ UGANZA 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.3 O.d 0.7 ZArMIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 o.0 0.0 0.0 0.; 7InRAaWE 0.1 0.l 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.- OTH E AFRICA 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 S AFRlCA DEV 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.! 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 I1 /contluued ANNUAL > Table III-B4; PRODI 2TION OF GOATSKINS AND KIDSKINS (DRY WEIGHT), 1961-65 AVVUME AND 1966/79 2 1i7 1973 1914 19175 97b 1917 1978 1979 N r.ky i961-t5 19bO 1919b7 19cd 1969 1970 1971 2 UUt' eA£L EST I AVEXACE ...... lijUSAND TONS...... 19.1 20.1 18.h 19.5 20.0 20.4 20.1 21.4 21.9 N- rk ftsT 14.1 It.2 14.b 18.9 17.0 18.U 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.7 N EAST AFR 2.;4 2.4 2. 4 2. 7 2. 8 2.9 2.9 3.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.U 1.0 1.0 t >vr 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.18 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 _.'IYA U.3 0.2 0. 2 0.2 u. 3 0. 3 0. 3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.1 1. 7 1.b 1.8 I.h 1.9 2.1 17.1 15.7 16.1 16.1 17.1 11.2 17.9 18.2 -,.!A 12.3 ! 3.6 1'.4 16.2 14.3 15.1 16.2 0.68 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.z I AN L;U.cO . 0.b 0.8 U. d 1. J 1.1 0. 8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0. 2 0.2 0.2 L) . L 03. 1 I 0. 1 0 . 2 U. 2 0.2 0.2 0.2 6.1 1.3 Y.5 7 . 7 h.'J t 3.1 . 4 8 3.9 7.9 5. S 5.b 6. 8 7.9 6.1 6.2 8 0.6. 0.1 0.9 0.Y 0.8 0.6 IYt U0.1 0.17 O.b 0.1 .7 0.8 0.9 0. h U0. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.3 0. J 0. i 0.2 (.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 O.2 0.3 0.2 0.. 0.2 0.2 'A.2 0.2 *'xv. J. : .2 0.3 0.I 0.2 ').2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.1 U.iG . 0.5 . ., A8AA U. .4 0... 1. U.0.4 0. u.6 0.6 i. J 0. J U.) u.J ' 0.U;2 03 U.3 U. 3 0. 0.3J U.3 0.3 0.4 3.3 J.J 1 .3J .L J. 3.$ .. .2 . - 1 .1 2.9 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.2 2 2. 1 2. 3 2 4 2. 5 2.5 z. 5 2. S .2 -\ s .2:- \_.z.2 2. J 2 .2 I.8 t. 2. 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.l 0.4 0.4 0.4 ;='.>~ '1w 0.4 J.4 0.4 U.4 L).4 0.4 0.4 3 0.3 U0.4 0. 3 0.* 0. J U.4 0. 3 j.i NL A,,IA .). O.3 0 . Z .2 . 0 2 u . 3 0. 3 0. 49.0 49.8 S0.$ 52.5 4. 1 55.6 St1. 7 59.5 F.iN E&Sl 44.6 45.1 45.9 46. 3 47. 3 46. 3 49.5 Sl.9 53.3 Sb.3 S7. -',;,:rhAS!A J.a.. 0 43. 8 44.2 44.2 4. 1 4b. 7 41.0 4.0 49.0 50.b 3. 1 1. 1 4.1d 4. 9 3... .2 3.3 3.4 3. 5 J. 3.3 3. 1 2. 9 2.9 3.0 36.0 36.3 31.0 37.5 38.0 36.5 1.0 39.; 39. 9 . 3 2.9 33.5 34 .0 J3..2 si.0 JS.S 0.8 U.8 0.6 0.6 U.d 0.6 G.1 o . / L). t0 . 7 u. 0.0 7 0. o.60 0 .6 .2 1.17.7 B.1 .4 I. 11.1 11.I A rl.r\N ).4 5.) 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.2 6.5 o.t 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 I .aL& .... St.AD . 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0O. 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ul.i S ^ 1,A 0.0 0.0 o.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1. 1.9 2. J 2. 5 2.5 2. 5 .'rA A 2.0 2.0 2. 1 2. 1 2. 2 2. 2 2. L.0U 1.9 0. 0.2 U. 2 u. 2 6. 2 0. 0.2 u.2 0.22 02 t.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 2 0. 0 0.0 0.0 U.0 0.0 0U. 1.1.0 ._ 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ..C .3 1. 3 1 . 1 1.9 . .9 lI: .\tA I. 1.1.6 1. 7 1. 7 1. U 1 . d 2 . 4 1. 4 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 U.0 0.0 h~C.'XEA It' 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 U.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LA. POR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. I 0. I 0. 1 0.0 0.0 0. I 0.1 0. 1 AL'Y.: 1A 0. 1 0.1 0. I 0.1 0. I U. O.0 I 0.1 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 AAL: eENINSUL 0.1 . I 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 'tAL SAdAd 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0. 2 0. 3 0.3 0.3 0. 3 0.3 U. 3 Fli L P'IN Lb 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 U.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 U.0 u.0 u.u SISCAPUhE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 O.u 0.0 THAILAND 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 O.U Ot' E SE AS 0.U (0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 / c ntlaw" 14 * a.*- Table III-B4: PRODUCTION OF GOATSKINS AND KIDSKINS (DRY WEIGHT), 1961-65 AVERAGE AWD 196/79 AIUAL COUNTRY 1961-65 1966 196? 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 19;D lS77I 197 a 9 AVERAGE K. AEGE?E...... T O S N O S...... ,THO)USANGIONS ...... ,...... , ASIAN CPE 10.5 10.-6 10.7 10.8 10.9 11.1 11.3 11.S 11.8 12.4 12.9 13.1 13.3 13.t. 1.ui CHINA 9.7 9.9 10.0 10. 10.2 10.4 10.6 10.8 11.1 11.6 12.0 1 .3 12.o 1...' I. , ASIAN CPE-C 0. 7 0.7 0.7 0. 7 O. 7 O. 7 0. 7 0. 7 0.7 0.d 0.9 C.t' 0.7 V.7 - ; KOREA DIP 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n-.0 3. .. MOYGOLIA 0. 7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.; 0.6 '.:. . VIET NAM 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0. 1 0.1 O.; 0.1 ., OTH DV.PING 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.0 V.I OCEANIA 0EV 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 e.o 0.0 0.0 ",.C 1ŽEVELOPEO 12.9 12.3 12.6 12.5 12.0 11.2 10.9 10.3 10.1 10.7 10.5 10.5 10.6 10.7 I.o. N AMERICA 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0., 0... CANADA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 G.0 0.0 O.' USA 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.3 !.1 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.h 0.7 O.7 - W EUROPE 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 &.3 ILEC 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.. O.t lELfLCUt4-LUX 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.L .. 0 IF.'MARK 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C.C o.0 i-AtCE 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 U.3 0.3 0.3 0.' C.3 (-; ANY FED 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. L IRPLAND 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.U C.: -MAlt 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 O.: N! "ItJ-D 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.C C.0 V.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 G.J J.L: W ELU FXA vLC 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.7 J.. AUSTRIA 0.1 0.1 0.1I.C 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 *.J CiEk.Cf 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 tALTA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 U . .2 NORWAY 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 U.0 V.U POLrUCAL 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 SPAIN 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 ,.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.0 SWEDEN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.J SWITZERLAND 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 YUGOSLAVIA 0.1 0.1 0.- 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0. 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 O.1 /coatinued IiO Table III-B4: PRODUCTIONOF GOATSKINSAND KIDSKINS (DRY WEIGHT), 1961-65 AVERAGE AND 1966/79 A*UAL COUNIRY 1961-65 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 i975 3971 197? 19iZ 197 AVERAGE FGEL EST ...... THOUSAND TONS...... E'.ROPE USSR 4.;5 4.2 4.5 4.2 4.0 3. 7 3.5 3.2 2.C 3.4 3.3 J.3 3.3 3.2 3.3 LSSR . 7 2. 5 2. 7 2. b 2.5 2. 3 2.2 2.0 1. Z.3 2.3 2. 3 2. 3 2.3 2. 3 EASt EUROPE I .8 1. I .9 1 . 6 1. 6 1 . 4 1. 3 1 . 2 1. 2 .1 1. I. 1. 1. 0 1.0 ALIANRIA 0. 5 0.5 0.6 0. 5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 O. 3 0.3 0.3 0. 3 O. 3 0.3 0.3 ELLGARAKIA 0. 3 0. 4 0. 4 0.4 0.4 0. 3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0. 3 0. 3 0. 3 0.3 0. 3 C.A:fCHO.LOVAK 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.I 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 AL UuC LAN IA C. I 0. I 0.I 0- I 0- I 0- I 0- I 0- I 0-1 O-I 0-I 0. I 0. I 0 0. . I A.,TrAL A C.( 0.0 0.0 C.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 U.0 U.0 N.L. zE.ALANL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 U.0 0.0 0.0 U.l .TI iDE V. PFO 2. 6 2. 3 2. 3 2. 7 2. 4 2.4 2. 4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 l sR. EL 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 o.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 *14 FS 0.1 0.1 0.1 3.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ~.dttidAFKICA 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.3 '.3 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 Source: FAO World StatisticalCompendium for Raw Hidee and Skins, Leather and Leather Footvwr. 1961- 1979, Rome 1980. '4 N * *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ B. 0 (D~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t 03 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ w962 19621 ~ *t * o 0) 1964 rbr M~~ ~ ~~ 11965 -) !. j1S .:: 196 t! 1967 !: 0 1969 I:: D'n 1970 ! .i :" _~~~ ~~1971 7o os1! W 0X* : wJ - h 1973 ! : *1 o Fh 19742. ! 9" 1975973 ! 0 £-h ;o ~19771976!4 m ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~CO, o& ,,1488.40 2245.34 :3002.27 3:759.21 4516.14 5273.08 A ------(000 tons Wet Salted Weight) …------n el M En w rA Oa 0D m rt cn-" o 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ v 0D X ,. F (0 g ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t4 r oo~ a +~~~~~~------+------+------______to 00 1bL96 ;1! 4 OQ : ~ ~~~9'62 ! : '- 1' !.*63 :: Nl 1965 ! H ~~~1966 !CA' 1967 ! a ~~~1963 ! : a.{ 19>69 ! a t,: 197(1 ! 974 5-4iP::w ' 0 OV C120 '10 a.~~~~~~~~ 19724 ! .i " 1975 J 0 1974 !i m 197:3 ! 9D>: ' - 4' 1976 ! ;P OQ - 1977 !l +------+------+------+------+--+ 0 0.39 0.44 0.48 0.52 0.57 0.61 … …~ ~------~-…------(Percent) ~~--… … ------_ _ O ^ ^ . .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- February 1981 III-23 Figure III-B3: WORLDPRODUCTION OF SHEEPSKINS AND LAMBSKINS, 1961-77 t tI I World |a + ::I+ | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~18 DevelopedCountries cio Develo-pingCountries o I I ' e eo Xe lo eco| j I~~~~~~~~~- i.e C I I,} + Cotere k.4 +'O *- -r r --i r- a, ., c) I ,o- ,.- ,7 .r,r, ,. ,; L, ,7. (7.X17'. 17', 17. 17@tT ;. ,,. - _4 _4 _4 -I -_ _ -______4 Source: Same as for Figure l'l-RI. o 0 c C D~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~D 0 (A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. e) S 02 o 1 F ~+------+------+ - +------4 ------+--+ --- +w 2 * 1961 ! :: ao 1962 !n 0:@ 1963! : * 196t5 ! U' ::4 ; 1 966! ; .. 0 H~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1967 ! c n fa 19681'R-o 1 ! Q ::.. 6 4;l - 1970 ! 0 0 1971 ! .. V 1973 ! X :ii 1974 ! CA 1975 ! a 1976!.az 1977! -. a (A 0.30 0.38 0.46 0.54 0.63 0.71 ------(Percent) ------______ :! a' - * * * *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i * S WY. En ' C0 I Ca- 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ mm (a Pt 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 9, t + ~------+------+------+------+------ o 1 9.68 a : Ad~~0 91 ! a : r t.1s 1970 194eb519671 !. " 1 0 ~~ ~! ~ r 9 XpC. 1962 ! ". : 1963 ! a 1964 !"* 1975 ! i - P: 1976 ! 1977 ! +______+______-_------+_------+------F--b 1.904 33.74 57.57 105. .5 t1.41129.09 ; ------('000 tons dry-weight) ------__----- co - c W ..~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I 14~~~~t o fti .------1961 ! a: 196.3 ! p 1964 ! 1965 ! u: 1 966 ! p: 1967 ! *: 1968 M x C. 1969 !1: 1970 ! 1971 ! 1972 ! f 19 3 g 1974! ------Percent ------1975 ! 1976 ! '" 19776! 1968!1966~~~~~~~~~~~~ $~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I -get~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 1965------_------_-___ -- --- 1------1967 * *50 ' February 1981 III-27 References 1. CommonwealthSecretariat, Hides and Skins, published twice yearly, London. (Latest issue June 1980. Provides a country-by-countryreview of recent production, utilization and developments. Data on livestock slaughtering,hide3 and skins production and utilization, some end- product statistics as well as trade and prices for a limited number of countries.) 2. FAO, Committee on CommodityProblems, Ad Hoc CGovernmentConsultation on Hides and Skins, Rome, 17-20 Cctober, 1978. (For this meeting papers were prepared on: (i) the hides and skins economy; (ii) current situation of hides and skins market; (iii) supply and demand projectionsto 1985; (iv) problems with data collection.) 3. FAO World StatisticalCompendium for Raw Hides and Skins, Leather and Leather Footwear, 1961-1979,kome 1980. (The latest set of statistics on production,exports and imports--byvolume and value--of hides and skins, as well as for heavy and light leather and leather shoes, for all countriescategorized by developed an,.developing.) 4. USDA, Foreign AgricultureCircular, Livestock and Meat, October, 1979. (A discussion of world production and trade in hides and skins with statistics.) . S Fsbriary l 81 IV-l IV. HIDES AND SKINS TRADE A. Exporters In 1978, the principal exporters of bovine hides and skins were the United States (accountingfor approximately42%), the European Community and Australia (which has been the second largest exporter since 1971). These key exporters represent 80X of total world exports. Other important exporters include France, W. Germany, Netherlands,UK, New Zealand, South Africa and Canada. For European countries, trade represents primarily intra-EC trade. Developed countries accounted for 93% of bovine hides and skins exports and 71% of sheep and lambskins exports in 1977 while the developing countries exported 89% of total world exports of goat and kidskins (see Table IV-Al). The United States prominent position as the largest exporter of hides and skins reflects a number of important factors: the declining demand facing the domestic shoe industry, the growing slaughter rate, and the increasing use of synthetic leather. The ratio of exports to total domestic production has increased substantiallysince the early 1960s when it was 25%. The ratio was about 47% during the early 1970s, 60% in the period 1976-78 and 70% in 1979. One of the most significant developments in the hides and skins market has been the changing structure of trade. In an attempt to encourage domestic processing of raw hides and skins, the developing countries have imposed various trade restrictions. Consequently, countries which were formerly important producers/exportersof raw bovine hides and skins have become net importers of the raw product and net exporters of leather and leather manufactures.This phenomenonis illustrated in Figures IV-Al, IV-A2 and IV-A3 which depict the declining export volumes of cattle, sheep and goat hides from developingcountries, despite an increase in domestic productionof hides and skins. These developing countries which have encouraged domestic hides and skins processing, while discouraging exporting of the unprocessed products, include Uruguay, Paraguay, Brazil, Colombia, India, Pakistan, China, Bangladesh, Morocco and Argentina (which has recently relaxed some of the restrictions). This changing trade structure has resulted in retaliatory export controls or subsidiesor import restrictionsby both the industrialand e Table IV-Al: HIDES AND SKINS -EXPORTS (TOTALS AND SHARES) BY MAJOR REGIONS, 1977. .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~s Cattleshides& Calfskins Percent Sheepskins & Percent Goatskins & Percent (including buffaloes) Shire Lambskins Share Kidsklns Share ('000 tons) /a Mt ('000 tons) /b (X ('000 tons) /b (X; Latin America 41.1 3 4.7 3 0.9 3 Africa 35.4 2 6.9 4 8.5 2J Near East 10.7 1 31.7 21 14.7 47 Far East 16.2 1 0.9 1 1.7 S North America 730.0 47 3.1 2 0 0 Western Europe 463.3 30 35.6 23 2.1 7 Oceania 218.6 14 63.8 41 0.3 1 European CPEs 2.2 - 0.8 1 0 0 * * * . .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Astan CPEs 2.1 - 0.3 0 2.0 6 Other 25.9 2 6.0 4 1.2 4 World Total 1,545.5 100 153.8 100 31.4 lOO Developing Countries 105.7 7 44.5 29 27.9 89 Developed Countries 1,439.8 93 109.3 71 3.5 11 /a Wet salted weight. -7- Dry weight. Source: FAO, World StatisticalCompendium for Raw Hides and Skins, Leather and Leather Footwear, 1961-1979, Rome, 1980. 0 tn 14t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ o a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ tn~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~zt 1972~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* Im 1't1'465965Uf ! $ 1a..:nf 0 93 ! 1 9> 7 I ct Enz , 9 -('-l4 !pi 1977 !2 V-'72 ! 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 10l0.20l 507.65 915.10 1,,ce.55 1730.00 -2137.45 ------1(000 tons wet salted weight)------C ci t) PFbruary 1961 .- 4 Figure IV-A2: SHEEPSKINSAND LAMBSKINS- TOTAL DEVELOPINGCOUNTRY PRODUCTION ANDEXPORTS, 1961-77 i~~~i .,~~~~~~~~~.' Exports + Source: Same a for Figure Il-Il. o w c~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CA S ID 2 " v 4 St cneO 40 o '1> C '4 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ oHle5! b-a ID~ ~ IS6 0 ni-i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0C I ci E.(; 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~c tto~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t '1 lQtz.21 e- C5 ID ~~1963 ------+------+------+------+: 1-I~~~~ ,D.1-411.36 .1.. DU.59c iR- E 19677 En In a-c~ 1972 ! - I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 ~~~~~tn u 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + - + -+~~~~os rywigt -----+--- - +-+--- -- 24.20 42.97b1..~ BU.52 99.29 118.06 February 1981 IV-6 developing countries. These export controls have aggravated the fluctuations 6 in internationalprices. The recent expansion of hide processing capacity in the developing countries has led to substantialover-capacity in the present economic envir- onment and had a dramatic impact on the prices of hides and skins during 1979 and 1980. Prices reached record high levels early in 1979 because supplies were low due to the reduction in cattle inventories and slaughter rates and the restrictionson exports, while the newly establishedprocessing facilities were stimulatingdemand. But then demand was suddenly reduced in anticipation of the worldwide recession and prices fell by over or -half (Argentina's announced relaxation of its export ban from October ., 1979 also had some impact). Tables IV-A2, IV-A3 and IV-A4 show country-specificdata on exports of cattlehides and calfskins, sheepskins and lambskins and goatskins and kidskins for the years 1961-65 (average)and 1966 to 1979 (annual).These data which have been compiled by FAO are shown on a weight basis. From the same source exorts on a value are also available. B. Importers The principal importersof hides and skins are Italy, Japan and South Korea. Italy surpassed Japan in 1976 and has retained its position as the largest importer of bovine hides and skins, taking 19% of total world imports in 1977 and possibly about 25% in 1979 (Italy also took 20% of total world imports of sheep and lambskinsin 1977 and 33% of goat and kid skins imports). In addition to the aforementionedkey importers, Taiwan, Mexico, Romania, Spain, Yugoslavia and Canada are also important. Other sizable importers include Poland, Czechoslovakia,France, W. Germany, the Netherlands,UK and Sweden. As can be seen from Table IV-Bl, in 1977 countries in the Western European region in imported 48% of total world imports of cattlehides and calfskins,77% of sheepskinsand lambskinsand 63% of goatskins and kidskins. Tables IV-B2, IV-B3 and IV-B4 show individual country data for imports of hides and skins for the years 1961-65 (average)and 1966 to 1979 (annual). . Table IV-A2: EXPORTSOF CATTLEHIDESAND CAIFSKINS (INCLUDINGBUFFALOES) (WET SALTEDWEIGHT), 1961-65AVERAGE AND 1966/79ANNUAL CitLfU .1 J I -IS 19 (6 19t7 LI; 8 19b9 I 9. 1 9171 19 72 .9 73 19 74 19 75 £ 9 70 1 91) 1 9 I 79 A VER AGEt; EL E Sr L. L216 .5. I I2 z 10 l'6. 9 8 11 14 .9 1200.6 12 0 1.0 1 !5 5. 2 1 21 4.17 L160. 7 1 26S. 8 1 436.7 1b10. 5 154 5.5 1616.9 ±5 I;. 9 si ?h 9I.8 i'. 1 218&.0 2e 3.5 342 .7 30 6. 4 200 .4 1 83. 0 122. 1 106.)7 100. 5 1 31 .2 105.7I 10 2.) I11. 3 2 0.9 I204.1. 16.3 207.2 262.6 2 26.I 119.6 85.17 41. 9 3i. 5 39.~a 4. 3 4 1.1 40.1L 56. 4 j.o 2.13 ~~~~8 ~~2.3 .6 .4 5. 1 5.4 5. 2 3.9 3.8a 6.) 5.8 6.3 1.. 0. 0 LI. 0. 1 L).3 0. 3 I. I.4 1.4 1.9 1.4 0.8 (J.E.C.0 1.4 1. ..3 3.0 u.u 0i. J C. t.C 0.0 .2 0.0 0. 0 0.0 (J.0 I. 0. 02G. 0.1L 0.1I 0.5 0 0. 4 0.i 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 C. 0 0.0 o .0 j. 0.9 0.9 3~~6 ~~~~.19 0. 5 li 11 .6 1. 5 11 0. 8 2. .1.i. ."A ~~0.1L O.b 0. 4 ;. 5 -.3.4 0.6 1. I.2 .1. 0. 3 1. 2 2.)7 2.8b 2. 9 3 .L 0.9 -I. 1. 0 1.1I 1. 3 2 . C 1. 6 0. 9 0. 5 1. 0 0. 9 0.! U.1 I. 7 0 .2 .2 0. 2 0 . 0.2 0 .2 0.2I 0. 4 0.3I 0. 2 0.2z 0.2 I. . J . j. j . 06 .0 0 . 0. U.1I 0 .2 0 .2 0.1I 0. I U.I U. A .. C.~~~~~~~I 0. . LA 0. 0.A] 0. 0 0.0 0.0 6).0 0.0 0. 0 .0 J0 - ~<.; ~ 2 u.Z I.] 6.! 0.1~~ 0. 0.1I 0.1t 0. 2 0.1I 0.1 U.1I ( .1I U. . . .~,5 200.~ 2Ii11. 2U. 3 254.9 2 2 - 114. 6 s0. 2 3o. 3 * 2 35. 9 57. 5 35.0 3 3. 4,. As..- s.INA I~~~~~l-.b 151.- I ).-0 1 71.8 I).I I tb. 2 7 4. 1 3 1. 5 18. 2 15.I £6. 1 4 5. 4 25.4 j 4.5 6 iJ. (. 0 0.0 0. 0 C,.0( b. J 0. 4 1. 2 1. 2 1 .2 1 .2 .2 0 .! 09 1.0U .~~~~. u.I u.I~~~~~~~~~~ 0.1I u.I ).1I C. A 0.1I 0. I 0.1I (J.1I 0.0 0.0 0. 00 6~ 4.2 il. 7., '5 51 . .3h10 . 5 6. 1 S. 9 9. 9 3.1 i .5 Ž.2. 1.. h. 1 1. 9 7.2 I I '. 6. 7 S.1 6. 6 8.1I 7.1I 7. 5 . U. 6. - ~~~~~~~~~~1~I.0 I49. 4 1. 413.3 4u. 4 47.-.9 4 3. 5 56 .2 4 5.8a 37.8s 35. 7 3e.1 ~ . 516 . 1.I UhA I. .0 0.. ! 0. 2 .z 02 0. 2 0 . t1. 0. 3 0. .I.1 I. 0o 0 .7 ).0 00 0.0 [hO 000. 0 0.0 J.U1U..00. L 0 0. U.0U 0.0 U. G 41, 0 . 0. 0.1I 0. 10 0. 2 0.2 0 .2 0 .2 0.1I O.I 0. 2 3.0 0.0G 0.1I 0.1I I ~~~I .~~~~ 3~.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 O.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 6.0 A~~I~~... ~~~ 3.~2 6.9 b.3 o.1 7.0 5.0 4 .3 4.6 5.4 4.1 2.0 1.8 1.9 2.0 . -. ~~~~~~~'.~~~0.0 C0.0 0.0 C.0 0.0 3.1I 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 L. C;A0. -S I 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 O.kI 0.1 0.1 0.k 0.1 6.1 .~~~~~ N ~~~~~0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 13. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 U.iJ L C"AST0.4jrY 0.4 0.5 0.4 ). 4 ). 5 ). 5 0.8 0.6 0.h 0.4 0. 4 0.5 0.5 0.5 -IA.! ~~~ ~~~~0.6 ~~0.30.4 03.3 0.2 G. 4 0 . j 0. 5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 S i ~~~0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0. 3 U. 2 0. 3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.i . i K1A 5.7 4.2 3.13 3.8 3 .7 . 2 1. 3 1. 5 2.1 1.9 0.3 0.1 0.1 D.1 6. .C.AL 1.0 L.1 (..6 0.4 1.4 0 . ' 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.d 0.2 0.0 0.1 6.2 U.1 L7'4 oLTA 0.1I 0.0 0. 5 0. 6 0. 5 U. 5 0.6 0.4 0.5 U. 3 0.'4 0. 4 0.4 (s.4 J..S OT!i]W AFRICA 0.3 0 .2 0. 2 0. 2 0.4 01 0. 2 0 .1 0.2 0.1I 0.1I 0.1 0.1I 0.1 I u.1 /continued - Table IV-A2: EXPORTS OF CATTLEHIDES AND CALFSKINS (INCLUDING BUFFALOES) (WET SALTED WEIGHT), 0* 1961-65 AVERAGE AND 1966/79 ANNUAL COUNTRT 1961-65 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 19 74 195 1916 AVERACGE 1791 191s 19t9 00 FfL EST F4 ...... THOUSAND TOS...... Cl ttAFRICA 3.7 3.7 4.1 3.4 5.0 5.3 3.1 4.8 4.9 4.5 3.3 3.5 * 3.3 3.1 ANCOLA 0.9 1.S 1.4 3.1 1.1 1.4 1.6 0.0 1.7 1.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.3 0.- CAMEROON 1.3 1.2 1.4 0.9 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.0 0.9 1.0 0. 0.3 0.5 CENT APR REP 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.' 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.6 CHAD 1.1 0.7 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.9 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.t 1.2 1.2 1.2 ZAIRE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 OTH C AFRICA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 O.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EAST AFRICA 34.9 35.5 28.4 30.9 31.7 34.3 37.5 43.2 31.4 25.2 26.S 29.1 26.5 23.1 22.1 SURUNDI 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.1 9.9 0.5 0.6 ETHIOPIA 9.8 0.1 10.3 6.5 5.1 8.4 8.7 1.4 14.7 11.5 4.9 2.5 3.5 4.4 S.3 S.S IELYA 7.6 7.5 6.4 7.4 6.2 5.3 7.6 9.3 7.1 8.3 10.$ 12.8 9.9 9.5 9.0 "ADAGASCAR 2.5 3.2 2.0 2.4 3.2 2.5 2.2 1.6 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.6 NALAWI 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 MAURITIUS 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 KOLAMBIqUE 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.8 to.8 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.t 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.2 WVANDA 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 O.) 0.4 0.4 0.4 O.S SOVALIA 1.3 1.1 2.3 2.8 2.1 4.2 7.8 2.4 1.3 0.4 |.0 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.0 SANZANIA B.3 7.5 6.2 7.8 5.7 6.9 6.6 7.6 5.2 5.6 1.9 1.) UCANDA 1.0 3.5 2.1 3.3 3.2 2.6 2.8 3.3 3.3 2.4 3.7 1.9 1.9 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1 5 ZAMtIA 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.S 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 OTH E AFRICA 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 S AFRICA D£V 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.5 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.9 3.3 3.S 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.6 NEAR EAST 7.3 t.2 6.2 7.3 7.6 8.0 t.9 10.0 8.2 9.6 1.9 9.6 1O.7 10.0 9.5 AFR N EAST 3.8 3.3 2.6 3.5 4.2 4.2 3.9 5.8 3.0 5.2 3.4 3.1 4.3 3.8 s.1 LIBYA 0.3 o.3 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.3 0.5 2.9 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 SUDAN 3.5 3.5 2.2 3.0 3.3 3.9 3.3 2.8 3.0 5.6 3.1 3.S 4.0 3.5 3.5 H EAST ASIA 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.8 4.0 4.3 5.2 3.9 4.2 5.1 6.4 6.2 5.3 CYPRUS 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 IRAN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.5 liAtJ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 .. 2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 &ESANON 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.1 oi.l 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 SAUDI ARABIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.87 0. 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.1 SYRIA 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 tUkKEY 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1fIEN AR 0.1 0.1 1.5 1.4 1.S 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 9EfNN DEM 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.: 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 /con tinued C 0 0 *. . Table IV-A2; EXPORTS OF CATTLEILIDES AND CALFSKINS (INCLUDING BUFFALOES) VET SALTED WEIGHT), 1961-65 AVERAGE AND 1966/79 ANNUAL 40 c1) Nrsy I99t. -t.5 1966 19 67 19068 39b9 1 970 191)1 1972 1973 1914 1975s 19716 19 71 1sis 19 A,VEkZrAGE I 79 ?2L LST :~~~ 4.A;L 23.~~~~~~~~22.; 19.8 23.1 23.1 ~~~ 22.0 22.G 28.8 22.2 31.9 14.6 17.1 16.2 17.5 1. 6.¼ASIA 10.0 b.9 6. 7 9.2 9.2 9.5 9.5 9.7 9.8 1.0.0 11.0 11.1 1L.4 11.6 12.0 0.3 0.L 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 % ~~ ~ ~ 77 71.9 8.2 8.C 8.8 9.0 9.2 9.3 9.5 9.7 9.9 10.1 10.4 10.4 11.0 1.9 0.7 0.2 C.: 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.G .' AN KA 0.4 0.3 0 .3 0. 2 0. 3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 3. AASLAL 34. 1. .I. 14. 0 1 3.9 12.5 12.5 19.1 U2.4 7.9 3.5 6.0 4.8 6.0 1.3 1.0 0.7 0¼~~~~~. 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 2 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.. 1.3 i. .4. . ~~~~1 ~~~~~1 2. 3 1.5 2p. 2.1 1.8 1.5 3.9 1.2 1.0 1.9 3.6 A L~1..q 2.7 4.3 4.. 4.0 2.9 4.0 3.1L 1.9 0.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 0.8 -. U 5~~ 0.0 0.0 G. 0 0.1L ~~~~~ ~~.0 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 C;.1 y i.t L.! t.1 I~~~1. 0.8 0.9 1 .0 2.0 2.1 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.L 1.C 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.9 1.9 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 L -- A ~~0.1 C,.1I .1 0.1 0.1 0.1 C).1I 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 I. 0.1 a.; il .0 3.0 0.b C0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 L.s 5 0.0 Li5 0.0 .S 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 G.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 G." - 1.3 0.4 (<.7 ~~~~ ~~~~0.8 ~~~~0.5 ~~0.70.4 0.6 0.'. 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.1. v. .5 4.4 5.2 5.3 .5 4.8t 9.2 3 .7 2.0 0.8 1.2 0.7 0.6 Co.9 AS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~0.1 0.i 0.1 ~~ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 O.1 0.1 0.! '.1. I.~~~~~. 2.0 ~ . 1. L .7 1.9 3.6 2.6 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 ~~;I.(I r. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 .0t 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.3 A 4.N L :'r -C 1 . E 1.8 2.0 2. 2 2.6 1.9 1.7 1.9 3.6 2.6 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 6 -. 53.40 ~~0.6;.8 0.0 1.1 ~~~~ 1.5 0.3 1.0 0.6 1.2 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.I 1) . 0.4 t). 5 0.4 0.4. . 0.4 0.3 0.2 02 0. ' *-&V ... 3.1. 3.~ ~~~~~~30.3 .3 0. J.0. 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0 .3. 0.3 115 .. LC~~~~E3g5~~~.6 331.9 ~~~8:0.b e31.4 357.9 8 94. 7 954.8 1031.7 1038.6 1159.1 1336.1 1479.3 1439.8 1514.1 1453.6 294..4 431.; 38b..5 405.4 4.2.2 436.8 454.5 516.1 505.3 550.2 644.1 741.4 730.0 238.0 122.4 DA5A 53.0 6E.2 61.8 62.4 54.9 50.? 52.1 61.4 61.2 62.1 81.2 89.0 95.5 96. 3 .9.69 A ~~34 1. 3 365.7 32-4.8 343.0 381.3 386.0 402.4 454.6 444.2 488.1 556.8 652.6 634.5' 6S1.I 82. /continued Table IV-A2: EXPORTS OF CATTLEHIDES AND CALFSKINS (INCLUDING BUFFALOES) (WET SALTED WEIGHT), t 1961-65 AVERAGE AND 1966/79 ANNUAL Q fr-A COUNTRY 1961-65 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1916 117i 1978 1919 AVERACE 8E1L EST ...... THOUSAN TONS...... w EuRoPE 250.3 2S9.9 322.7 322.4 299.9 334.3 366.7 360.0 351.2 440.6 509.2 491.9 463.3 113.6 102.6 EEC 204.7 216.1 272.4 274.9 253.2 282.9 314.0 307.6 300.9 383.6 460.0 4S4.0 414.7 466.0 451.6 BELGIUN-LUX 24.6 20.8 25.3 2S.4 2S.0 24.6 27.4 29.6 26.1 29.1 34.9 36.7 31.0 39.3 38.4 DENMARK 12.3 16.1 20.4 18.5 16.3 17.5 18.5 16.7 L8.5 23.4 22.5 23.8 25.0 22.9 21.1 FRANCE 54.0 52.3 67.6 76.1 71.8 71.1 91.3 83.4 72.1 102.1 122.6 130.9 .112.8 126.8 124.0 GERMANY TED 44.7 48.6 58.3 57.3 49.3 64.2 72.8 65.4 67.4 74.9 63.3 91.4 91.8 100-. 95.3 IRELAND 5.3 7.6 13.7 11.6 11.7 12.5 13.9 12.7 16.5 23.5 30.8 22.6 27.0 33.6 27.2 ITALY 10.7 9.7 13.S 13.3 8.6 12.5 4.8 5.2 5.9 7.4 Y.%6 6.0 8.0 6.0 4.r NETHERLANDS 43.4 47.0 52.8 50.0 46.0 56.4 60.5 _ 62.6 76.6 66.3 86.8 67.4 7U.1 14.7 UK 9.6 14.0 22.6 22.6 22.4 24.2 24.7 34.8 31.8 46.3 12.0 51.7 41.6 60.6 62.1 w EUR El EEC 45.6 43.8 50.4 47.4 46.7 51.4 52.7 52.4 50.4 56.6 69.2 43.9 46.6 41.1 10.6 AUSTRIA 4.0 4.3 7.2 6.0 6.0 6.6 7.1 8.5 7.7 11.3 9.1 8.2 9.8 8.0 9.2 FINLAND 6.5 5.3 7.5 5.7 4.1 6.1 6.7 6.4 4.1 6.0 3.4 3.4 S.0 4.3 5.6 GREECE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0. 0.0 .0.0 ICELAND 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 MALTA 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.i 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 NORWAY 5.0 4.7 5.2 4.5 5.3 4.9 5.8 4.6 4.4 4.1 6.9 4.1 5.3 5.7 4.7 PORTUGAL 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 SPAIN 1.9 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.S 0.1 0.0 0.0 SWEDEN 11.2 17.4 16.8 16.6 17.5 19.2 17.6 18.0 19.4 17.6 16.6 1I.1 IS.9 11.4 13.3 SWITZERLAND 10.7 10.8 12.0 12.5 11.5 12.6 14.4 13.9 14.1 16.4 12.0 11.6 12.0 11.1 *4.s YUGOSLAVIA 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.9 1.5 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 EUROPE USSR 9.6 6.5 5.8 5.8 7.2 7.1 4.8 3.7 1.6 1.6 4.1 3.0 2.2 2.4 1.6 USSR 6.2 3.5 3.5 4.0 5.0 4.6 2.0 1.1 0.3 0.8 2.2 2.2 1.1 1.9 1.0 EAST EUROPE 3.4 3.0 2.3 1.8 2.2 2.6 2.8 2.6 1.1 1.0 1.9 0.9 0.5 0.S 0.6 HUNGARY 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 POLAN0 2.6 2.0 1.6 1.4 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.6 1.5 1.0 1.9 0.9 0.$ 0.S 0.6 OCEANIA 73.0 71.9 74.1 79.3 87.0 95.4 104.1 117.4 147.5 144.8 161.1 210.1 21S.6 227.6 192.0 AUSTRALIA 53.1 12.0 50.1 S1.5 57.4 63.6 12.4 82.2 117.0 114.2 119.9 166.1 17S.2 169.6 164.0 NEW ZEALANO 19.9 19.9 24.0 27.6 29.6 31.8 31.7 35.2 30.5 30.6 41.2 63.6 40.3 36.2 26.0 OTH DEV.PED 28.2 31.7 21.6 18.4 23.6 21.1 24.7 34.6 32.6 21.6 17.1 26.9 2S.6 32.4 31.0 ISRAEL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 JAPAN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 SOUTH AFRICA 26.2 31.7 21.6 16.3 21.6 21.1 24.7 34.5 32.6 21.0 11.6 26.9 21.1 32.2 30.S Source: FAO World Statistical Compendium for Raw Hides and Skins, Leather and Leather Footwear, 1961-1979, Rome, Italy. Table IV-A3: EXPORTS OF SHIEEPSKINS AND LAMBSKINS (DRY WEIGHT), 1961-65 AVERAGEAND 1966/79 ANNUAL L Z'i'0 J' , Ifb1J6 1 ' 3969 1 970 1 91 1 972 1 9 13 19 74 1 v13 1914 1911 19 la8 39 9 %O .. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~THt)L.-ANUTONlS...... ~~ 155.1 ~~145. L5b. . 2 138. 7 1)23. 8 201.8 1517. 5 1 51. 3 145. 4 154.0a 153.8a 1 49 . ~5S. 6 4 f 9 5 3. 9 4 3. 5 517. 0 54. 9 49 .2 51. 3 59 .9 4 5. 5 42.8 41.5 43.8a 44.53 45. 1 41. 2 L.~~~~~~~ I 4. 2 1 2.9 10(.3 14 .4 1 2. 4 10. 7 10U.2 10.1L 5.S8 3.0 4. 9 5.3 4.7 4.3 4.6 1 2. 2 10t.3 . 1 12. 4 10. ) 1 0. 2 01 5.a 30 4 S3 43 .8 7.u G . 4. 6 .2 6.7 31 1.7 3.2 4.1 3.3 2 .7 3.0 2.t. 1.5 3~~~.7 2. 3 1.) 1. 9 1. 4 0.9 0.6 0 . 6 0. 1 0.6 0.6 2. 0.5 0.5 ~~~~0.9 1.) 0.C 0.8 0. 4 0.5 0.6 0.2 0. 3 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.1 U.0k 0.04 0.0t 0.0 0.k 0.1I 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 2.9 .2.6 2.5 ~~~~3.3 J. a 3. 6 . 7 1. 4 0.9 0.4 0.8 0. 3 0.3I 0.3I 0. 3 A., CA L3 ~ . iS S5 10. 0 7. 1 8.2 9. 1 8.8 9.0 4.17 1.O 6.9 4. 9 1. 3 J .. 20 6. .1 .5 .4 10 1. 2 0.2 0. J O. 3 0. 3 J. 15 .1 .3 0.1 1.2 0.9 0.? 0. 9 0.0 u.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 J.32 0. 2 0).0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0i. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 03.0 0.0 o.t'0.3 I3.5 1.3 ~~~~~~~0.2 0 .3 U. . C. 4 0.3 0.2 0.3J 0.3 0.3 i.. AL',-CA.8 0. 9 C.9 1.1I 1. 2 1. 0 1.1I 1.2 ...... -JAsr 0.0 ).0U C(.0U 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.1 .1 0.1 ).1L 0.1 0.' 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 U1.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 (1.1 ). 0 o. .c 0.1 0 .2 o.1 0.2 0. 2 0.3 0. 2 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 1 0.) 0. 7 0. 7 0. 5 0.b u.6 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 o.*~~~u.1 0.0 0.00.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0.1 0.1 0.! 0.1 0.1 0.1 3.0 0.0 ~~~~0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.(. . .2 0.2 . ~~:At.A0~.1 0.30 .1 0. 0.: 0.2I 0.4I 0.62 0. I 0. I 0.I 0. 0.I. o.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 U.1 0.L. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.0. 0.0 a3.0 0.0 0.0 G.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. .0 C ~~ ~ ~ .1 01 0.1 -0.1t 0.1 0.: 0.1 0i. 1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 0. IA5.7 5.6 6.9 ).~ ~~~ .3 ~~~~6.0 5.4 5.7 4.1 S.C 4.9 4.8 5.2 21..)21.2. 0.2 0.0 0.0.U 0.0.0 0.0.0 0.1.1 0.1 0.1 0.00. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 .A~~~~~..S '.0 3.1 .i.) 4.9 3.3~~~~~~~~~~ 3.6 3.8 3.5 .1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3. 0.8 ~~ 3.7~ 0.7 0.6 0.4 . 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.1 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.0 ~ A 1.1 0.8 G. 8 1.0 0.8 1.3 !.0 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 . I.% N-A 0.3 0.- 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 U.1 L,G.k&DA 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 (1.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.31. 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 S Aw:UCA DEV 0.1I 0.1I 0. 1 0.1I 0. 1 3. 1 0.3i 0. 1 0.2 0.2 0.2I *.2 0.2 0.2 0. 2 /continued 04 Table IV-A3: EXPORTS OF SHEEPSKINS AND LAMBSKINS (DRY WEIGHT), 1961-65 AVERAGE AND 1966/79 ANNUAL COUtR8t 1961-65 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1912 1973 1914 191S £910 191 1918 1912 AVERAGC PIEL LST F ...... THOUSAND rONS...... NEAR CAST 24.1 29.5 23.2 32.1 31.0 30.1 31.B 39.3 29.3 29.5 28.1 30.2 31.1 32.5 20.0 N EAST APt 2.6 2.1 2.6 2.6 3.4 3.1 2.4 6.6 5.0 3.1 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.9 EGYPT 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 .0.2 0.2 0.2 LIDYA 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.3 1.5 0.6 4.4 2.3 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 SUDAN 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.5 N EAST ASIA 22.1 26.1 20.7 30.1 27.6 27.0 29.3 32.8 24.4 26.4 26.1 27.9 29.3 AFGHANISTAN 30.0 25.1 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.S 0.S CYPRUS 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 IRAN 6.9 9.9 8.0 16.3 11.4 12.1 14.1 16.4 12.1 12.6 13.9 15.0 15.5 16.0 11.0 IRAq 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.6 LEBANON 4.5 6.7 5.2 5.3 7.4 6.8 7.7 10.1 7.1 9.7 8.9 9.0 9.2 9.3 9.5 SAUDI ARABIA 1.2 2.1 1.2 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.6 2.1 0.9 0.9 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.6 016 SYRIA 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 TURKEY 0.0 4.5 4.7 2.6 2.9 3.1 2.5 2.2 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.1 0*4 0.9 0.9 0.8 YEMEN AR 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 YEMEN DE" 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 rAr CAST 2.1 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.1 SOUTH ASIA 2.0 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.5 O.1 INDIA 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NEPAL 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.) 0.3 0.4 PAKISTAN 1.1. 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 C SE ASIA 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.6 0.S 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.0 HONG KONG 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 INDONESIA 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 °.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 MALAYSIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 MAL:PENINSUL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 SINGAPORE 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.3 ASIAN CrE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 ASIAN CPE-C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 MONGOLIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.2 0.3 '3.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 /continued a .. Table IV-A3: EXPORTSOF SHEEPSKINS AND LAMBSKINS(DRY WEIGHT), ;o'-65 AVW1:E AND 1966/79 ANNUAL f __ it Y i9r,1-tS 1966 1966 1966 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 I7 1 16 19711 1914 911 .L918 1917 0 AVEr RALE ?ItEL EST t ...... T NS...... T 1USANDTt)NS...... ,JJJ* Of\iLvO_cM1: IOS101.1 01.b 104.b 101.2 117.3 119.4 122.5 141.9 112.0 108.5 103.9 £14.3 109.3 104.6 114.3 N 1 L'XICJA 2.8 2.4 3.1 3.9 3.9 3.8 5. 7 5.9 5.6 4.7 4.4 3.4 3.1 2.4 3.3 C.ANAR 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 U1.A'2. 0 2.2 1.4 3.6 3.5 3.4 5.3 5.3 5.2 4.4 4.6 3.1 2.9 2.1 3.2 L l.- R 22.5 ;4.3 24.3 24.9 2 26. 24.9 24. 6 30.3 29.4 35.0 36.2 38.9 35.6 35.2 39.8 I ; I .-I3 1.l.2 11.6 1. 19.5 18.5 18.7 23.4 24.6 29.4 30.1 32.1 29.Ms 2S.. 33.J i iJM-LUX !.1 1.9 2.0 2.1 3.0 2. 5 0.5 0.5 2.8 2.9 3.4 3.9 4.1 3.1 4.3 0.2 0.2 G.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 O.2 0.2 0.4 * Ž.: 3.1) 4.0 S , 4.3 3.9 4..3 5.7 4.6 5.0 5.4 1.1 1.3 4.6 t .4 t.\. :-3 CU. 0 .7 'J.4 ., 0.6 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.b 1.7 2.3 3.2 2.7 J.7 3.I - . .:l : 1.7 1.4 ~~~~~~~~~~~ . 1.* 1.2 1.7 L.7 1.X1 1.9 3.4 2.7 3.5 J.7 3.'i * \ 1.2 &.1 0.9 1.! 0.1 1.0 C.9 2.5 1.7 2.3 1.1 1. 1.9 1./s 2.1 !A'. S. I .; I.C i.:I 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 2.1 1.5 3.3 3.4 3.3 A.) 1.2 1.4 L 6.2b L. 1 7.7 1.5 7.b 7.4 S. 5 9.2 10.2 12.0 10.8 10.4 6.9 5.4 10.* W t -L C 1.2 8.1 6.7 7. 15 .17 6.4 5.9 6.9V 4.5V 5.6 5.1 .L 5.b 5.6 4.2 A t't, ki,hA 0.3 0.1 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 -. 0 0.0 0.1 L.1 .,t's) o0.1 0.1 3.0 C., 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 O.V 0.0 0.0 3.6 3.4 2. ;.S 4.0 3.9 3.6 4.0( 3.2 3.6 2.8 3.5 3.6 3.6 4.0 .'.b f ' i': U.3 0.9 0.R 0.6 C.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 > .~x. ; tC j.4 G.8 .2 0).9 0.8 0.S 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.1 0.8 0.9 6.4 t.fi -.- C_ 0.0 L.C 0.1 0.1 *'.l 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.5 !.; 1.5 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.° 0.1 SIN.'SY i30.. 0.44 .5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.1 0.1 *.1 0.0t) 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.) ;.0 0.U C.C 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 .a.8 _..~ . S S R , .3I 2 . U 1I 8 I1. 0 2 . 6 15. 1 .1I 1I.0 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.e 0.17 v. 2.s 1., 1.4 1.4 2.2 1.4 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 J.2 0.3 EA!. -~ FiOPE 0. 3 C.s 0.; 0.4 0.; 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 (.6 .0 v.S 0.6 <'. :.: . C.2 J.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.k 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.) ZLLU.AJiA 0.0 0.0 C.C C.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 .i..Y 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.| , _: itA t62.. 65.1 07.1 12.6 16.6 80.5 83.5 97.0 71.8 62.8 54.5 64.1 63.8 60.1I 64.0 A.: .I-_' I A 30.3 32.7 29.9 30.0 36.0 39.3 40.7 4d. 1 33.0 21.6 21.1 31.9 35.4 29.7 29.0 % L .' EALA.f J 3:.1 32.4 37.2 32.6 40.6 41.2 42.8 48.3 38.8 41.2 34.4 32.2 28.5 J1.2 35.0 .. rr v,_ 6.9... 8J.0.. 7.Y~ 8.G 8 .1 8.5 7 .6 7.7 4l.1 S .6 6.0 t .l S .9 S .S * .4 SO3;lh AFRICA 6.9 8.0 7.9 8.0 8.1 6.5 7.6 7.1 4.7 5.6 4.0 t.1 5.9 5.5 6.4 Source: FAO World Statistical Compendium for Raw Hides and Skins, Leather and Leather Footwear. 1961-1979, t Rome 1980. Table IV-A4: EXPORTS OF GOATSKINS AND KIDSKINS (DRY WEIGHT), b 1961-65 AVERAGE AND 1966/79 ANNUAL 2 COUNTRY 1941-65 1946 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1912 1973 1974 1975 1914 1977 197J 1919 AVIRACE 1P4L Llt ...... THOUSAND uS...... WORLD 55.6 52.3 43.4 45.0 45.8 41.S 42.2 41.6 35.1 32.4 35.1 35.7 31.4 33.4 33.1 DEVELOPING S0.1 46.0 38.5 39.9 40.7 37.1 36.4 35.6 30.0 26.6 2S.2 29.2 27.9 28.7 28.0 LAT AMERICA 3.3 3.8 3.1 3.6 3.8 2.9 3.2 2.8 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.0 CARtSSEAU 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 HAITI 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 JAMAICA 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 SOUTH AMERIC 3.1 1.6 2.v 3.4 3.6 2.7 3.0 2.6 1.5 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.1 ARGENTINA 0.6 0.6 0.S 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 BRAZIL 2.1 2.6 2.1 2.1 1.3 1.8 2.2 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.? CHILE 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 PERU 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 AFRICA I0.7 10.5 8.7 10.0 10.3 8.9 10.2 10.1 10.1 9.5 8.6 8.4 8.S 0.2 8.1 N W AFRICA 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.0 t.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 ALGERIA 0.1 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.3 C.4 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.1 TUNISIA 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 WEST AFRICA 3.) 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.0 3.2 2.6 2.6 3.3 2.0 2.0 2.2 1.9 1.1 GHANA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.t 0.1 0.1 0.1 IVORY COAST 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 KALI 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 NICER 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 NIGERIA 2.8 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.4 0.6 SENECAL 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 UtSIC VOLTA 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 OTN W AfaICA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 CSHTR AFRICA 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.% 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.1 CAENRRO) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 CHAD t 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 *.1 0.1 /continued a * *0^ a. Table IV-A4: EXPORTSOF GOATSKINSAND KIDSKINS (DRY WIEIGT)s, 1961-65 AVERAGEAMD 1966179 ANNALI COUNTRY 1961-65 19f. 1Im,7 1968 1 969 1 9 70 19 71 8 9 72 1913 1914 19 75 1 916 19 71 1978 19it A VE KA,; E JI'lLL5? g. :1, R 1- 1: 1 .0 3.0t G.. 0 .0 0.0 0.0 (.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 to.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1: 81A 2. A 1.' .4 2.4 2.2 2.3 2 .5 2 .7 2.4 2.0 2.8 2.2 2.j 2.5 *1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. 0.). J 0.8 0.9 . 14 14 1.2 1.2 . uA O i ) C . O 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C.(s 0.0 0.83 0.0 L.0 0 ~LT1 !LS 0.0 (2.& 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0).0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 D.. .1 ~; f .0 0.0 0.0 0). 0 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -'A G.~ G. 3.1I 0.1 0.1L 0. 2 0.1 0.1L 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.) 0.3 C.3 0.3 ~~.S.~~~~.J ~ 0.8 1.2 1.1 I1.5 1.6 1.2 1.8 0.2 0.6 0.4 f0.4 0.6 0.6 A J~...7 0 .4 0.1 U. 7 0. 3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 &.i ...o 0. 7 0.5 01.7 0).7 i. 6 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 \ ~~~~2 Lz.18~~~~~~ 13. 5 80.5 14.3 12.5 13.1 15.5 15.6 14.4 13.1 14.7 15.2 L4.7 15.., EA..T AFI O. 9 1.1. (J.s !.2 0.7 0.? 0.6 8.0 0.8 0.9 0.8a 0.9 (J. 9 ~0.J 1.0 I Y A ~~0.5 O.! 0.2 0 .7 ). 0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 (4 G ..0 U.I L G.U., L u. 0.1 (.1 0.0 0.1 ~~~~~~~~~~0.114 L)5 0. t. ) ' 0.7 .t . 0.5. 0.8 . .60 Az.IJ L-).9 82~~ ~~~.1'1.7 13.1 11.9 1.3 14.9 4.7 132.6 12.2 a3.? 214. 8i2e.b. I'y t( (. .81 '2.3 !.8 (.l. 0.8 2) 4891.4 8. 1.1 0.? 7( 0j. 1 C.4. L.2.4 J.14 u.4 . 48 (2L. 0.4 02.4 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.1 0. 0s.d J 13.U LL6 11.9b.6 7 .6 6. 5 1 . ti 1.8 1.7 1.1 1. 1.145.6 I.:, 6. S A k G. 9 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.1~1.5.0.9 1.92. . . . . ) * . . o~~~~~~~~. 0.0 U.8I 0.0. 0.4L 0.t 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.6 ,. 0.0 13 0.3.b i L AN It E ~ 0.7 8.4 1.17 ~. 0.9 1.4 1. 200.7.6 0. 2 .1 2.1 L.01 2.1 0.3. AALYSI 01 00 00 00 00 .1 .1 0.3.1 .10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 hAL:PENISSUL 2.0 0.0 1.3 A..0 0.8 1.6 2.3 0.8 01. 0.5 8.3 0.7 u.0 0.8 'l.0 s 1 F CIAPO 11.3 'v.0 0.0 4.8 6.0 4.0 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0.5 0.6 0.6 0. 0.6 06 0.6 06 0.4 .6/0.ntinued. Table IV-A4: EXPORTSOF GOATSKINSAND KIDSKINS (DRY WEIGifT), 1961-65 AVERAGEAND 1966/79 ANNUAL COUNTRT 1941-45 19e4 1947 1946 1949 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 19s1 1911 8916 Illy AVERAGE TP, .L Ist ...... T O S N T NS...... HUAOtN ASIAN CPR 11.3 4.1 4.3 S.5 4.4 5.8 5.7 5.3 1.9 1.2 1.9 2.5 2.4 2.5 3.0 CHINA 11.3 S.1 4.3 5.5 6.4 5.8 5.7 5.3 1.9 1.2 1.9 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.0 DEVELOPED 4.5 6.2 4.9 5.1 5.1 4.4 5.9 6.0 5.2 5.8 4.6 4.5 3.5 4.9 5.6 N AMERICA 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.4 1.9 0.0 0.2 0.1 USA 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.s 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.4 1.9 0.0 0.3 0.1 W EURoPE 2.5 3.7 2.5 2.2 2.4 1.6 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.3 3.3 2.4 2.1 3.0 3.6 EEC 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.3 2.0 2.3 PELCIUM-LUX 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 DENMARK 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 FKANCC 0.3 0.6 O. 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.5 GERMANY FED 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 IKELAND 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 *0.0 0.0 ITALY 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.5 NE?MERLANDS 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 UK 0.2 0.1 O.L 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 W EUR EX EEC 1.6 2.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.8 1.8 1.7 1.2 2.3 2.3 1.4 0.8 1.0 1.3 AUSTRIA 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 U.O 0.0 GREECE 1.0 2.: 0.9 1.0 1.2 0.6 1.6 1.5 0.9 2.1 2.1 1.2 0.4 0.6 1.0 NOKQAY 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 D.D 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 PORTUGAL 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 SPAIN 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.i 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 SWEDENI 0.0 0.v 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 SWItZERLAND 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 YUGUSLAVIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 OCEANIA 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.Z 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.2 OS 0.3 0.4 0.3 AUSTRALIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 NEW ZEALAND 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 OTH UEV.PED 2.4 2.0 1.9 2.5 2.2 1.9 2.1 2.2. 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.6 SOUTH AFRICA 2.4 2.0 1.9 2.5 2.2 1.9 2.1 2.2 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.6 Source: FAO, World StatisticalCompendium for Raw Hides and Skins, Leather and Leather Footvear 1961-79, Rome, Italy. * S. cr Table IV-Bl: HIDES AND SKINS -IMPORTS (TOTALS AND SHA'TS) BY HAJOR REGIONS, 1977 Cattleshides& Calfskins Percent Sheepskins & Percent Goatskins & Percent (including buffaloes) Share Lambskins Share Kidskins Share ('000 tons) /a (Z ('000 tons) /b (X) ('000 tons) /b (x)' Latin America 53.6 4 1.2 1 0.6 2 Africa 10.6 1 0.7 - 0.4 1 Near East 19.5 1 18.0 9 6.0 20 Far East 138.5 9 0.3 - 0.1 - North America 51.5 3 17.2 9 1.3 4 Western Europe 719.8 48 145.9 77 18.9 63 Oceania 0.6 - 0.9 1 0.0 0 European CPEs 189.0 13 2.1 1 2.5 8 Asian CPEs 36.7 2 0.0 0 0.0 0 Japan 274.5 18 3.2 2 0.3 1 Other 6.0 - .3 - 0.1 - World Total 1,500.3 100 189.8 100 30.2 100 Developing Countries 258.8 17 20.2 11 7.1 24 Developed Countries 1,241.5 83 169.6 89 213.1 76 /a Wet salted weight. 7'& Dry weight. Source: Same as for Table IV-Al. -4 Table IV-B2: IMPORTS OF CATTLEHIDES AND CALFSKINS (INCLUDING BUFFALOES) (WET SAiLTED WEIGHT), 1961-65 AVERAGE AND 1966/79 ANNUAL 0 COUNTRY 1961-65 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1915 1976 197? Isi7 19 ? O AVERAGE FIEL EST CO ...... THOUSAND TONS. WORLD 1089.4 1118.6 1184.0 1182.5 1213.8 1290.1 1251.8 1294.0 1224.9 1241.6 1412.0 1535.8 ISO0.3 1581.7 1543.1 DEVELOPING 82.6 72.1 101.2 107.9 106.6 128.9 145.7 128.9 157.5 189.8 236.3 241.6 258.8 309.2 309.$ LAt AMERICA 44.8 35.5 59.3 59.0 57.3 68.2 80.1 69.9 67.1 62.5 77.1 54.2 53.6 71.3 83.5 CENTRAL AMEX 29.9 19.9 41.4 45.4 45.2 51.9 58.2 48.0 57.2 66.0 60.1 45.1 46.0 59.0 71.J COSTA RICA 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 EL SALVAIPOR 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.1 1.2 0.5 0.9 2.3 1.9 1.1 1.2 1.) MEXICO 28.1 17.8 39.0 42.8 43.2 51.5 55.8 46.6 56.4 64.6 5$8.3 42.7 44.6 57.4 70.0 NICASAA:UA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 CAkIb8EAN 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 JANAICA 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 SOUTN AHERIC 14.9 15.6 17.6 13.5 12.0 14.2 21.6 21.5 9.9 16.4 15.9 9.0 7.6 12.2 12.0 ARGENTINA 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 BRAZIL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 1.4 0.9 0.6 2.4 3.1 4.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 CHILE., 10.6 10.5 12.0 8.7 8.1 8.7 14.0 16.3 3.6 S.4 5.5 3.0 2.6 6.5 6.0 COLOMB1A 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.S 0.J 0.6 *.* PERU 3.0 4.1 5.0 3.8 3.5 3.7 5.6 3.5 2.9 3.S 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.4 6.5 VENEZUELA 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7 3.6 I.5 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.9 AfRICA 1.2 2.5 1.6 2.6 2.6 4.7 5.0 3.6 6.6 6.2 3.J1 5. 10.6 10.9 10.9 X W AFRICA 1.0 1.2 0.7 1.7 2.1 4.1 4.9 3.3 6.4 5.C 3.4 5.2 10.2 10.4 10.5 ALGERIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.5 2.2 2.3 1.1 4.5 4.3 1.5 4.0 U.O 6.0 9.0 MOROCCO 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 TUNISIA 1.0 1.1 0.6 1.2 1.5 1.9 2.4 2.0 1.9 1.S 1.4 1.2 t.3 1.4 8.3 WEST AFRICA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 GHANA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 CENTr AFRICA 0.0 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 ZAIRE 0.0 0.9 0.? 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 EAST AFRICA 0.2 0.4 O.$ 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 SURUNDI 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 *.0 KENYA 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 TANZANIA 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 CGANDA 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.0 /continued *~~~~~ a .a Table IV-B2: IMPORTS OF CATTLEHIDESAND CALFSKINS (INCLUDINGBUFFALOES) (WET SALTEDWEIGHT), 1961-65 AVERAGEAND 1966/79 ANNUAL C UN'!Y ; 4 bZ- 65 t9oaS 0 194a7 1168 1969 1970 1911 1972 1973 1974 1915 197t6 *91 199 1979 AVLRAGE taLL 5St ...... THOUSAND TUNS ...... N1AR LAST 17.9 19.i 20.6 19.7 15.0 L5.8 16.7 10.9 14.1 24.4 24.3 11.0 I9.$ 19.1 16.9 V: :;AST ASIA 11.s 2U.6 19.5 !9.7 15.0 15.8 16.7 10.9 14.1 24.4 24.3 IJ.0 19.5 !9.? 1b.9 .;t) b 1 0.1. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Li.u0 (0. 0.. 4.0 4.4 6.2 4.0 4.1 2.5 3.1 4.3 6.9 6.0 9.1 9.4 9.i 4.0 ,.7 1.6 1.6 2.4 1.5 3.2 2.2 0.7 1.3 2.6 2.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 ; N:-. .. 1.3 2.3,2.4 2*. 2.7 3.1 0.2 2.0 4.5 0.4 0.5 C.5 0.5 ; ...... A' : ' U0;0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 (J.2 0.2 C.I .4:., 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.$ 3.0 4.0 3.2 4.0 4.0 4.5 8.1 9.0 10.4 6.5 4.6 3.3 6.. 4.3 3.5 7.1 10.1 3.4 4.1 4.1 5. 5 :A i'. b0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.i 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 G.C *iA LAS;r 13.c 10.0 13.1 19.1 23. I s.7 2S.9 28.3 54.3 57.4 102.1 129.2 138.5 169.7 ILL.- S..trM -SiA 8.2 3.4 2.2 3.4 4.4 4.0 3.2 2.3 1.0 0.7 1.4 0.6 1.8 1.6 1.6 .. 2 J.4 3.2 3.4 4.4 4.G 3.2 2.3 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.5 O.$ 0.5 O .S 0.) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 C.0 0.0 0.5 0.1 1.3 1.3 1.) E.~ Ab:SE 5. 60.0 9.9 15.7 18.9 25.7 26.8 25.9 53.2 56.7 101.3 128.6 436.7 167.v 558.5 ;_59 'J9't. 2.3 2.6 3.0 4.8 7.1 13.1 12.5 8.0 8.2 9.6 17.8 14.3 13.5 14.7 14.0 k. L.. ,.EP . 0.1..... 1.5 3.3 7.0 8.7 9.9 11.7 16.5 43.6 44.5 16.1 C S.7I 149.0 149.3. 140.0 )iA1AY'1A { 2 0.1 0.3 0.3 A.3 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.S 0.$ . : r.-r :SSO L 0.2 C.l 0.3 0.3 03.3 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.S 0.1 i0! L Iie;ES 1.3 1.4 2.3 2.5 1.8 1.5 1.3 0.2 0.6 1.9 5.4 3.6 3.0 3.0 3.S S':., . 'KE C.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.S 0.S 0.4 0.4 r,A I .'.%:: . 0.1.... 0.:. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 AS;AN CPE 5.0 4.7 6.4 7.4 8.4 10.5 13.9 16.3 15.3 19.4 26.4 35.# 36.1 31.6 3b.0 coUSA 5.0 4.7 6.4 7.4 8.4 10.5 13.9 16.3 15.3 19.4 26.4 35.8 34.7 31.6 38.0 U.-ELOPED 943.A 1046.5 1082.J 1074.6 1107.2 1161.2 1106.1 1165.1 1067.4 '051.6 1175.1 1294.0 124t.5 1212.5 1233.9 S hF;;;CA 34.2 33.5 33.2 45.3 40.8 41.8 38.6 38.8 47.1 43.4 S5.1. 62.1 5S.5 41.8 45. 'AShkDA 21.0 26.6 25.o 31.1 31.1 31.1 30.9 29.7 26.6 2b.2 32.6 317.4 24.4 30.6 30.J. L.3A 13.2 6.9 7.6 13.6 9.6 10.8 7,. 9.1 20.5 15.2 25.5 24.7 23.0 18.2 17.4 /continued %O Table IV-B2: IMPORTS OF CATTLEHIDES AND CALFSKINS (INCLUDING BUFFALOES) (WET SALTED WEIGHT), 1961-65 AVERAGE AND 1966/79 ANNUAL COUNTRY 1961-65 1966 1967 W9(.J 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 £975 £975 It71 £t9 919?9 AVEPAGI lPiL EST F ...... TOUSA TONS...... V IURoPt 560.1 559.2 18S.S 605.4 641.2 630.S 606.7 637.2 164.3 S13.0 645.9 153.0 119.8 181.0 131.4 EEC 428.7 425.4 441.1 459.4 526.4 479.3 447.4 432.7 413.0 411.3 450.5 512.5 516.0 546.6 567.1 SELCGUM-LUI 19.4 £9.z 20.6 24.2 25.9 24.6 21.3 19.8 18.2 27.3 28.S 30.0 25.2 23.2 23.0 DENMARK 6.7 4.5 3.5 3.8 5.4 5.2 5.0 6.1 5.3 6.3 5.9 4.8 3.7 2.9 2.4 FRANCE 29.8 38.3 35.4 31.5 37.7 34.9 36.9 42.2 47.1 33.8 4*.1 44.5 15.5 40.1 40.5 GERMANY 1`1 107.2 88.3 78.6 99.5 94.5 76.6 66.5 67.9 43.2 37.7 46.1 54.8 S9.0 S4.5 S1.S IRELAND 1.0 5.9 5.2 7.3 10.9 8.3 7.2 10.4 8.4 5.9 4.0 *.1 S.7 4.9 s.1 ITALY 143.7 158.6 159.7 182.2 241.7 222.4 207.6 190.2 197.5 210.9 255.8 341.2 289.9- 335.3 366.0 NETHERLANDS 60.0 S8.1 61.9 60.0 57.0 61.3 59.6 59.8 53.0 17.6 50.%9 59.4 48.2 53.0 SO.S UK 57.0 52.1 46.2 50.9 53.2 46.1 43.3 36.3 40.2 31.9 34.3 33.5 38.5 32.8 21.4 W EUR El EEC 151.4 133.8 144.4 146.0 114.8 151.2 159.3 204.5 111.4 141.7 651.4 170.4 203.8 161.2 163.1 AUSTRIA 10.8 9.6 7.4 10.9 9.8 10.9 10.0 9.4 6.5 4.9 S.2 8.9 9.0 5.3 6.6 FINLAND 1.0 5.3 1.1 3.9 5.6 4.8 4.1 3.1 4.4 3.1 5.6 S.1 5.7 1.1 9.1 GREECE 12.6 14.2 8.1 7.8 9.8 11.8 12.5 11.9 15.0 6.9 10.1 11.9 12.9 12.9 13.0 ICELAND 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0. 0.1 .0.1 NWRAY 4.1 5.3 4.4 4.1 5.7 5.2 4.7 4.1 4.8 5.1 3.5 4.1 4.0 2.1 3.1 PORTUGAL 14.9 8.7 13.9 14.6 8.9 8.1 8.2 9.5 12.6 11.8 10.' 11.2 18.5 1I.6 16.0 SPAIN 50.3 40.8 47.5 6O.2 30.5 50.3 78.0 119.1 60.4 61.2 83.6 ?7.8 87.8 11.2 70.0 SWEDEN 17.2 12.6 11.1 15.5 16.3 16.7 15.8 18.2 18.8 19.8 19.4 22.2 18.8 15.4 Io.1 SWITZERLAND 10.6 10.1 6.9 1.3 8.1 7.0 5.6 6.0 5.6 5.0 *.7 5.3 5.3 5.9 7.2 YUGOSLAVIA 25.9 27.3 315.3 21.6 20.2 36.4 20.3 22.8 23.1 24.0 21.9 23.9 40.9 22.0 21.8 EUROPE USSR 233.3 281.4 291.8 223.6 194.9 257.9 247.0 251.8 223.7 223.3 203.1 180.0 189.0 227.9 194.1 USSR 94.5 116.1 130.0 72.9 59.4 81.0 70.2 13.1 5.1 31.5 30.2 5.1 5.1 41.1 20.0 LAST EUROPE 138.8 165.3 161.8 150.7 135.5 176.9 176.8 198.7 21S.2 198.8 173.5 112.3 180.9 166.4 174.5 BULCARIA 3.8 9.2 4.9 10.2 8.7 8.4 8.7 10.3 8.7 9.7 7.8 7.2 4.2 4.3 4.5 CZECHOSLOVAK 45.1 45.6 41.4 41.1 38.0 42.8 50.0 48.0 55.0 48.0 42.0 42.2 43.0 40.0 315.0 GERMAN DR 19.2 1.4 17.2 14.6 11.4 16.0 16.1 16.7 23.2 13.9 14.2 11.2 17.3 11.0 12.0 HUNCARY 22.0 24.1 24.4 25.2 18.3 24.9 23.2 24.1 27.1 28.6 25.5 23.6 34.7 34.5 40.6 POLAND 34.3 47.2 52.1 41.2 35.0 42.1 45.2 53.4 61.0 11.1 47.0 34.1 41.4 44.1 43.0 ROMANIA 14.4 20.8 21.8 18.3 24.1 42.7 33.5 46.3 39.8 40.0 35.1 49.4 36.4 48.5 40.. OCEANIA 2.4 1.6 1.1 1.6 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.6 1.1 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.5 AUSTRALIA 2.4 1.6 1.1 1.6 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.1 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.5 NEW ZEALAND 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. OTH JEV.PtD 156.7 170.9 171.2 198.7 229.2 230.8 213.4 236.9 231.6 231.1 267.1 307.6 280.6 263.6 259.2 ISRAEL 8.7 5.5 6.2 7.6 7.3 S.l 6.1 5.4 2.4 1.8 1.S 8.1 1.6 1.6 1.1 JAPAN 144.2 162.0 I18.2 184.6 215.3 220.5 201.8 227.0 224.7 224.4 259.9 294.9 2145- 211.4 213.8 SOUTH AFRICA 3.9 3.3 4.5 6.4 6.5 5.2 5.5 4.5 4.6 4.9 5.3 *.1 4.4 4.5 3.5 Source: FAO World Statistical Compendium for Raw Hides and Skins, Leather and Leather Footwear, 1961-1979, Rome 1980. 0 * 0 * . e, Table IV-B3: IMPORTS OF SHEEPSKINS AND LAMBSKINS (DRY WEIGHT), 1961-65 AVERAGE AN4D1966/79 ANNUAL COUNTRY 1961-6s 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 LO9S 1916 1o11 1978 1979 AVERAGE tEEL ESt ...... THOUSAND TOS...... WORLD 185.7 202.9 18S.3 213.0 216.5 215.4 2is.6 250.1 195.2 113.2 166.5 301.1 689.8 184.5 1£6.2 DEVELOPING 1O.L 1O.S 8.7 9.9 10.2 11.4 12.1 19.9 14.1 15.1 16.$ 19.4 20.2 21.5 21.9 LAT AMERICA 1.1 0.6 1.1 0.s 0.7 0.5 0.7 2.9 2.5 0.1 2.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 CENTRAL AMER 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 MEXICO 0.7 0.4 O.? 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 SOUTH AMERIC 0.4 s.2 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 2.6 2.1 0.5 2.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 BRAZIL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.2 2.5 2.0 0.4 1.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 VENcZUELA 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 AFRICA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.J 0.0 0.0 6.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 N W AFRICA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 6.0 q.0 0.1 0.1 0.7 ALGERIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 q.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 TUNISIA 0.0 0.C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EAST AFRICA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 BURUNDI . 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 KENYA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NEAR EAST 7.1 9.5 7.2 6.8 9.0 10.4 11.7 16.4 10.8 14.1 16.3 31.6 10.0 18.4 18.1 N EAST ASIA 7.1 9.5 7.2 s.s 9.0 10.4 11.7 16.4 10.8 14.1 14.3 31.0 16.0 18.4 35.1 CYPRUS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LEBANON 6.7 9.0 6.9 8.5 8.6 10.1 13.6 16.2 10.6 14.0 14.1 14.* 11.0 11.4 11.5 SYRIA 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 3.2 3.0 1.0 1.2 FAR EAST 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.1 1.1 SOUTH ASIA 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 INDIA 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 PAKISTAN 0.0 0.0 %0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 E SE ASIA 0.3 O.Z 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.O RUNG KONG 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 KOREAaEt 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.6 SIRGA?ORK 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 /continued Table IV-B3: IMPORTS OF SHEEPSKINS AND LAMBSKINS (DRY WEIGHT), 1961-65 AVERAGE B AND 1966/79 ANNUAL COUNTRY 1961-45 1966 1961 1968 1969 1970 1911 1972 19713 1914 ei1s 1914 1391 1391 l390 AVLRAGCE ttRL LUt ...... THOUSAND ...... t., ...... '0 DEVELOPEb. 172.8 192.4 i76.6 203.1 2n6.3 203.9 202.9 230.2 180.5 158.1 149.1 412.3 149.4 143.0 114.3 N AKESICA 21.3 29.6 23.3 31.5 20.9 21.3 21.3 20.5 16.6 18.5 17.4 M9.s 11.2 11.4 11.1 CANADA 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.1 1.0 USA 25.9 27.3 21.7 30.2 19.9 20.3 19.6 1S.9 15.0 14.9 14.2 17.8 14.0 14.9 13.4 W EUROPE 144.9 158.S 149.1 168.3 179.4 177.4 178.5 204.0 IS7.8 134.4 141.4 157.0 145.9 136.9 14E.2 EEC 127.0 141.4 132.4 146.1 150.3 141.7 149.8 16Z.0 128.9 110.6 124.1 134. 121.$ 311.4 120.0 BELGIUK-LUX 9.9 8.5 8.1 8.6 8.7 9.3 4.1 3.6 10.7 9.5 1.8 9.1 10.5 9.0 10.0 DENMARK 0.9 1.3 0.1 1.3 1.6 1.9 1.5 1.8 1.8 0.6 0.9 0.S 0.5 0.5 0.4 FRANCE 46.1 52.1 46.2 52.5 48.0 50.0 60.4 61.6 45.6 39.3 42.7 4i.0 31.0 35.0 33.4 GERMANY FED 10.6 10.8 9.4 12.5 14.5 12.7 10.3 11.7 6.8 7.1 9.3 10.3 I3.5 10.2 9.6 IRELAND 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.8 ITALY 31.5 36.8 37.8 39.6 42.6 40.0 40.9 42.5 31.0 30.2 34.3 43.4 31.1 35.2 43.5 NETHERLANDS 7.0 7.3 8.4 8.2 9.1 6.8 5.5 4.6 3.9 3.6 3.0 3.1 1.4 1.2 13. UK 20.7 22.0 19.5 23.1 25.8 26.8 26.9 29.9 26.9 19.2 23.3 23.1 22.4 20.1 21.5 W EUR EX EEC 17.9 17.1 17.3 22.2 29.0 29.7 26.6 42.0 28.9 23.6 23.3 20.3 24.3 25.5 2U.2 AUSTRIA 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.8 2.6 2.1 1.8 2.6 1.7 1.4 0.3 1.1 1.8 2.1 2.3 FINLAND 1.0 i.2 1.4 2.2 2.1 2.6 2.1 2.5 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.3 1.1 3.5 1.5 CREECE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.S 0.9 0.9 1.) MALTA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 NORWAY 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0O. PORTUGAL 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 *0.4 0.5 SPAIN 9.1 8.2 9.4 11.4 13.4 8.5 11.6 23.9 14.6 10.4 11.0 10.0 11.6 12.5 12.0 SWEDEN 1.7 1.3 1.7 1.6 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.4 2.4 2.a SWITZERLAND 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 YUGOSLAVIA 3.7 4.2 2.5 4.2 6.5 11.0 6.2 7.1 5.4 5.9 4.3 3.3 4.4 5.0 4.1 EUROPE USSH 0.4 0.8 0.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.6 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.9 3.1 USSR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.2 1.3 EAST EUROPE 0.S 0.8 0.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.6 1.4 I.5 1.4 1.1 1.6 BULGARIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.$ 0.4 0.4 HUNGARY 0.6 0.8 0.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.- 1.1 13. OCEANIA 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.5 1.0 1.7 1.1 1.3 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 AUSTRALIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NEW ZEALAND 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.8 3.5 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 Otd DEV.PED 2.6 4.4 3.0 2.0 4.5 3.4 3..5 3.1 3.6 3.3 2.3 3.4 3.4 4.4 4.3 ISRAEL 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 JAPAN 2.1 3.8 2.3 1.4 3.8 2.4 2.4 2.5 3.2 2.S 1.6 2.9 3.2 4.1 3*6 SOUTH AFRICA 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 Sovrzc: FAO World Statistical Compendium for Raw Hides and Skins, Leather and Leather Footwear. 1961-79, Rome, Italy. * 0 Table IV-B4: IMPORTS OF GOATSKINS AND KIDSKINS (DRY WEIGHT), 1961-65 AVERAGE AND 1966179 ANNUAL U NT I. 146 L- 9bb I 9 c1 1 96.1 369 1 910 9 / I I) II 391 3 1914 197is 1961 191)1 ~1N 191li A VL KA(. L P*5 8T 0...... TTHJUSAND TON...... -'R Lb ~ 52.7 ..d.9 38.1 3b.9 40.8 33.8 31.'. 45.1 4.0.4 2s.'. 33.2 33.9 30.3 35.8 38.1 Jl'% NG3.8-P: 3.a 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.5 4.2 8.5 s.3 3.1 6.Q *.$ 1.1 1.2 1.~ c . , 0.5 C.4 0.3 0.2 3.3 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.4 i2~~:"LA'jR 0.~ ~~3U.3 0.51 0.4 0.4 0.2 0,. 3 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.1 (A.12 0.1 0.2 .3 0.3 0.5 0.4 "..3 0.2 0.3 0.6 C.5 0.4 0.1 0. 0J.2a 0.1 0.2 AAEiil 0.0 C.0 0.0 0. u 0.0 0.0 (J.0 0.0 0.0 u.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 oa9 0.2 - .. (~~~~~~~.0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40.0a 0.0 0.0 4c. J 'L..A .0 0.0 a.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.L 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 <.~~~~~~~~.1 $.. 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 C.2 0.2 0.1 C.10.1 8.10.3 0.1.1 0.4.4 #.U.S I 0.40.1 - 0.C 0.0 I.0 ~~~~0.0 0.0 .0 0.0 0.0U032440.0 0.0.020 ..4 * ~~~~~4.)~~~ 0.0 0.0 o0. 0.0 0.0 3. 0 O.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 15.4 C..~ 0.0 0.0 O.0 0.0 co .0 0.0 0.0 0 .1a 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 4 4. 0.J A ~~~~'.0 0.0 0.0~~~~~~~~~~~ 0.0 0i.' 0. 00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0o 0.0 0.0 * .A ~¾. . 0 0. 0 0.0 '1.0.0 00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 U. t 0.1 ."'1 ~~~~3 ~~~C.0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0J 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 U.0( O.0 kF,JCA 0.0 .U.0 0.0 0.0 o.0 0.1 U .2 0.2 0.3L 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Q. I I. A..... 0~~~~~.01 0.0 0j. 0 0.0 (I.1 0.0 to. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.( 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 2.? ~~~~~2.12.5 .6 3.0 .4 1.4 7 .4 3.0 5.5 5.7 1.8a .0 8.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.31 0.2 ). 2 0.1 0.1L 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.Z 0.3 F%k EAST 3.3 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 a. 2 0.3 ~~::l ASIA 1.2 0.6 03. 0.0 ). I 0. 0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 L'N1., 1.2 0).6 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 o.0 0.1 0 .1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 PAKiSrAN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.uL 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 F SC ASIA 0. 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 JJ&KOINO 0.0 C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0( 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0i.0 KOLEA PE~' 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 SISCGAP0a1E 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 O.k 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - laotktinued Table IV-B4: IMPORTS OF GOATSKINSAND KIDSKINS (DRY WEIGHT), 1961-65 AVERAGEAND 1966/79 ANNUAL e1 co COUNTLV 1961-65 1966 19Mt 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 19713 1974 197S 1971 1971 1si 1919w AVTSACE IPSL 9St ...... TOUSAN TONS...... DEVELOPED 42.6 45.1 35.7 33.5 37.3 30.1 33.2 37.2 32.3 24.7 21.2 21.4 33.1 23.4 31.4 U AMIRICA 9.2 6.3 4.3 3.2 2.9- 1.8 1.4 2.3 1.7 0.7 1.0 1.4 1.3 2.0 2.1 USA 9.2 6.3 4.3 3.2 2.9 1.6 1.4 2.3 1.7 0.1 1.0 1.4 1.3 2.0 2.? V EUROPE 31.2 30.4 20.6 24.4 2d.0 22.3 27.3 30.7 25.5 19.9 21.9 22.2 16.9 23.4 2S.2 EEC 21.5 26.2 17.4 21.0 22.9 17.9 21.4 21.9 18.4 13.9 15.1 13.1 13.6 14.5 16.0 SELGIUY1-LUX 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 DENMARK 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 FRANCE 4.3 4.6 2.7 2.0 2.0 1.4 2.7 2.2 1.9 1.1 1.2 1.S 1.2 1.3 1.2 GERMANY FED 8.0 6.9 3.2 3.5 4.0 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.5 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 IRELAHD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 ITALY 11.9 11.8 9.8 13.9 14.6 12.6 14.7 16.1 12.7 11.1 12.7 13.3 10.1 13.1 14.4 NETHERLANDS 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.0 0.9 UK 2 .8 2.5 1.4 1.2 1.4 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.6 W EUE El EEC 3.6 4.2 3.4 3.4 5.2 4.5 5.9 6.8 7.1 6.0 4.4 4.1 5.4 *.9 7.) AUSTRIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 FINLAND 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GREECE 0.9 1.5 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.1 1.6 2.0 1.6 1.1 1.7 *.0 NORWAY 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 PORTUGAL 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 SPAIN 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.0 3.1 1.7 3.3 5.6 2.6 3.1 3.1 3.5 2.4 4.2 4.0 SWEDEN 1.5 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.O SWITZERLAND 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.) YUGOSLAVIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.$ EUROPE USSR 8.1 7.8 9.6 4.1 5.4 5.2 4.1 3.7 4.3 3.9 3.9 3.2 2.S 2.6 2.4 ussR 7.4 6.7 6.4 3.2 4.6 4.2 3.3 3.2 4.0 3.3 3.) 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.6 EAST EURIOPE 0.7 1.0 1.4 1.4 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.S 0.6 0.1 POLAND 0.7 3.0 1.4 1.4 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.S 0.6 0.4 OCEANIA 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 AUSTRALIA 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 O.0 OTH OEV.FEo 0.4 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 1.0 ISRAEL 0.2 0.l 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0-. JAPAN 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.S 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.9 SOUTN AFRICA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 Source: FAO World StatisticalComnpedium for Raw Hides and Skiather and Leathe Footea _ 96-, Rome, Italy. * * *B* . . V February 1981 IV-25 C. InternationalAgreements Currently hides and skins are not coverd by any type of international agreement. FAO's position ie that there is a need for a dialogue between developing and industrial countries to deal with such issues as: 1) Retaliatorytrade measures via marketing arrangementsor trading schemes; 2) Isprovementof cono dity intelligence; 3) Reduction of price fluctuations;and 4) Technical measures--reductionof waste and improvementof quality. S February 1981 IV-26 References 1. (For discussion,see FAO, Committeeon CotmodityProblems,Ad Hoc Governmental Consultation on Hides and Skins, Rome, 17-20 October 1978.) 2. FAO Conmittee on CommodityProblems, Ad Hoc Government Consultationon Hides and Skins, Rome, 17-20 October, 1978. (For this meeting papers were prepared on: (i) the hides and skins economy; (ii) current situation of hides and skins market; (iii) supply and demand projectionsto 1985; (iv) problems with data collection.) 3. U.S.D.A., Foreign AgricultureCircular, Livestock and Meat, October, 1979. (A discussion of world production and trade In hides and skins with statistics.) 4. FAO, World StatisticalCompendium for Raw Hides and Skins, Leather and Leather Footwear, 1961-1979, Rome 1980. (The latest set of statistics on production,exports and imports-by volume and value--ofhides and skins, as well as for heavy and light leather and leather shoes, for all countriescategorized by developed and developing.) 0 * February 1981 v-1 V. RIDES AND SKINS PRICES Except in countries such as India, where cattle are associatedwith religious practices, hides and skins account for only a relatively small proportion of the total market value of the anisals. Being by-products, therefore, their supply is largely independent of price& but reflects mainly changes in the prices of meat or wool. Changes in the prices of hides and skins should, however, have some impact on the rate of recovery from animals which die from natural causes. This latter form of production is mainly confined to the less developed countries where the opportunity cost of labor is low and particularly to India where cattle hides are mainly producet by recovery from fallen animals. Because of its by-productnature therefore, the supply of hides and skins is likely to be highly inelastic;which means in turn that prices are likely to be highly variable in response to changes in supply (slaughterrates) and demand (mainly cyclical influences). As hides and skins are by-products of the livestock industries, developments in the world meat economy have a considerable bearing on their supply and hence their price. The world's livestock industries, especially * beef, have been characherizedby a high degree of instabilityover the past 10 years. A major factor was the approximate synchronizationof the cattle cycle in all major producing areas, which in the early 1970s led to simultaneous reductionsin hide supplies from the major suppliers.The effect on prices can be observed in Figure V-Al.a/V-Al.b where hides and skins prices rose considerablyin 1972 and 1973. In 1974-75 the worldwide recession restricted demand for clothing and footwear at the same time as cattle slaughterings peaked. This led to the lowest prices in real terms for several years. Another downswing in hide production after 1976 saw prices rise again in 1978 and 1979. In the medium term vigorous price competition for interm_diate and end products is likely to continue as the newly expanding leather goods industriescompete for a share of the market in an environment of slow growth, particularly among the industrialcountries. The price-depressingeffects of this depressed demand on hides and skins prices will be accentuated by the fact that for the next 3-4 years cattle slaughteringswill be increasingin e the upswing of the cattle cycle. In the long term it must be expected that Figure V-l(a): CURRENT AND CONSTANT PRICE Figure V-1(b): CURRENTAND CONSTANTPRICE INDICES FOR US HEAVY STEER HIDES, INDICES FOR AUSTRALIN HIDES AND F.0.B., 1971 - 1980 SKINS EXPORTS, 1971 - 1979 300 300 AustraliasCurrent I A I ! \\AU tr 1t Currurren 200 \ X NCurrent 200 Au\tralians Constant \pS Constant 100 100 0 0 71 72 i3 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 8i 71 72 73 74 75 76 7i 78 79 80 Note: Deflation by International Price Index, World Bank. Source: UN, Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, New York. 0 0 *B February 1981 v-3 hides and skins prices will continue to fluctuate widely, due to the highly inelastic nature of supply. The restraints on trade in leather goods by both developed and developing countries must also accentuate these price swings as demand is curtailed during periods of economic recession. Rowever, as expanding deum_d coutimoe to press against the unresponsive supply, there should be a favorable trend In real prices for hides and skins as well as for leather goods. _1 February 1981 V-4 S References 1. FAQ, World StatisticalCompendium for Raw llidesand Skins, Leather and Leather Footwear, 1961-1979,Rome 1980. (The latest set of statistics on production,exports and imports--byvolume and value--ofhides and skins, as well as for heavy and light leather and leather shoes, for all countries categorizedby developedand developing.) 2. CommonwealthSecretariat, Hides and Skins, (published twice yearly. London). (Latest issue June 1980. Provides a country-by-country review of recent production, utilization and developments.Data on livestock slaughtering,hides and skins production and utilization, some end-productstatistics as well as trade and prices for a limited number of countries.) 3. FAO, Monthly Bulletin of Statistics,Rome. (Chicago,US, monthly prices for cattle hides.) 4. UN, Monthly Bulletin of Statistics,New York. (For price series on hides and skins, viz., (a) US heavy native steer, f.o.b.; (b) US light native cow, f.o.b.; (c) Australian export price index.) . February 1981 vi-i VI. TECHNICALAND STATISTICALISSUES While the value of international trade in hides and skins and intermediate products was approximatelyUS$6,500m. in 1977, the statistical base is poorer than for most other agriculturalcommodities. Comparable hides and skins data for the major producing countries is either non-existentor inadequate for most analytical work. This lack of Internationallyrecognized standards or grades is due primarily to the heterogeneous nature of the product. As previously mentioned, hides and skins differ in weight, size and methods of preparation.Hides and skins can vary in size and weight by up to 100% from country to country. Furthermore, compilation of statistics is complicatedby the multiplicityof intermediateproducts and the wide range of end products. The criteria for classifying leather products are not internationallyuniform; leathermay be classified according to animal origin, tanning process, potential end use or weight. Finished leather and hides and skins statistics may show data expressed in "semi-tanned"or "wet blue" (or .chrome")state. Of the various means of aggregating output, the "numerical"measure ignores the size differences.Measurement by "weight" ignores the d fferences in curing techniques (i.e., a "wet salt2d" hide will weight much more heavily than an "air dried" hide due to the water content); and the "surface area" concept, which may be the most useful, suffers from the lack of a standardizationof differencesin quality of hides and skins. The FAO is currently engaged in an attempt to bring about a standardizationof data collectionon hides and skins production and trade. February 1981 VI-2 References 1. FAO Comittee on CommodityProblems, Ad loc Government Consultationon Hides and Skins, Rome, 17-20 October, 1978. (For this meeting papers were prepared on: (i) the hides and skins economy; (ii) current situation of hides and skins market; (ii) supply and demand projectionsto 1985; (iv) problems with data collection.)