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Univerzitet U Nišu Prirodno-Matematički Fakultet Departman Za Biologiju I Ekologiju UNIVERZITET U NIŠU PRIRODNO-MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET DEPARTMAN ZA BIOLOGIJU I EKOLOGIJU MASTER RAD Uporedna morfo-anatomska studija različitih populacija vrste Gagea pratensis (Pers.) Dumort. (Liliaceae) rasprostranjenih u Srbiji, Crnoj Gori i Bugarskoj Kandidat: Mentor: Milesa Krstić dr Vladimir Ranđelović br. ind. 245 Niš, 2018. UNIVERSITY OF NIŠ FACULTY OF SCIENCES AND MATHEMATICS DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY MASTER THESIS Comparative morpho-anatomical study of the different populations of Gagea pratensis Pers. (Dumort.) (Liliaceae) distributed in Serbia, Montenegro and Bulgaria Candidate: Supervisor: Milesa Krstić dr Vladimir Ranđelović No. of index 245 Niš, 2018. Zahvalnica Zahvaljujem se mentoru prof. dr Vladimiru Ranđeloviću, na prihvatanju saradnje, na pomoći oko izbora teme, definisanju njenih okvira i na savetima tokom izrade eksperimentalnog dela i pisanja master rada. Takodje posebnu zahvalnost dugujem Ireni Raci na posvećenom vremenu, pomoći oko izrade eksperimentalnog dela master rada, korisnim savetima i sugestijama. Srdačno se zahvaljujem svojoj porodici i prijateljima na bezgraničnoj podršci tokom studija i izrade master rada. BIOGRAFIJA KANDIDATA Milesa Krstić rođena je 26. maja 1994. godine u Leskovcu. Osnovnu školu „Vuk Karadzić“ u Lebanu završava 2009. godine sa odličnim uspehom. Medicinsku školu, smer farmaceutski tehničar, u Leskovcu završava 2013. Nakon toga upisuje osnovne akademske studije na Prirodno-matematičkom fakultetu Univerziteta u Nišu, na Departmanu za biologiju i ekologiju, koje završava 2016. godine. Iste godine upisuje master akademske studije, smer Biologija, a 2018. godine, nakon svih položenih ispita, prijavljuje master rad. SAŽETAK U ovom radu analizirane su anatomske i morfološke karakteristike populacija vrste Gagea pratensis sa područja Srbije, Crne Gore i Bugarske (lokaliteti Lovćen, obronci Rodopa, Kunovica, Komovi, Vratna, Klačevački rid). Dobijeni podaci su zatim upoređeni sa podacima objavljenim u master radu Jelene Jevtić, u kome je analizirano 8 populacija ove vrste, rasprostranjenih u Srbiji (lokaliteti Gamzigradska banja, Jelašnička klisura, Jelašnička klisura – Radovanski kamen, Rgotski kamen, kamenjar i šibljak, Kamenički vis, Seličevica, Tupižnica). Urađena je analiza kvantitativnih osobina (visina cele biljke, broj lukovica u zajedničkoj tunici, broj lukovica van tunike, širina lukovice, broj bazalnih listova, širina i dužina bazalnog lista, broj stablovih listova, širina skapusa, visina skapusa od lukovice do prvog stablovog lista, širina i dužina prvog i drugog pricvetnog lista, širina skapusa, broj cvetova, dužina i širina spoljašnjih i unutrašnjih segmenata perigona) i kvalitativnih (opisnih) osobina (boja spoljašnje i unutrašnje strane segmenata perigona; prisustvo listova na stablu, boja tunike lukovice; prisustvo/odsustvo dlaka na bazalnom listu, prvom pricvetnom listu, skapusu, cvetnoj dršci, spoljašnjem i unutrašnjem segmentu perigona, prisustvo/odsustvo lukovica u osnovi brakteja prisustvo/odsustvo crvenih šara na vrhu perigona). Pomoću svetlosne mikroskopije analizirane su anatomske strukture poprečnih preseka bazalnog lista, prvog pricvetnog lista, cvetne drške i skapusa. Dobijeni podaci su potom obrađeni metodom deskriptivne statistke. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata uočava se da je između analiziranih populacija vrste G. pratensis došlo do diferencijacije. Ključne reči: Gagea pratensis, morfometrija, anatomija, bazalni list, prvi pricvetni list, cvetna drška, skapus ABSTRACT Morphometric and anatomic differences between different Gagea pratensis populations in Serbia, Montenegro and Bulgaria (localities Lovćen, obronci Rodopa, Kunovica, Komovi, Vratna, Klačevački rid) were investigated in this paper and there compared with data published in master thesis of Jelena Jevtić (localities Gamzigradska banja, Jelašnička klisura, Jelašnička klisura – Radovanski kamen, Rgotski kamen, rocky and shrubby areas, Kamenički vis, Seličevica, Tupižnica). We performed an analysis of quantitative characters (height of the whole plant, number of bulbs in common tunic, number of exserted bublets, width of bulb, number of basal leaves, width and length of basal leaf, number of cauline leaves, peduncle width, height of peduncle from bulb to first cauline leaf, first and second cauline leaf width and length, width of pedicels, number of flowers, outer and inner perigone segments length and width) and qualitative characters (color of the outer and inner sides of perigone segments, presence of cauline leaves, tunics color in flowering plants, basal leaf hairs, cauline leaf hairs, peduncle hairs, pedicel hairs, outer and inner perigone segments hairs, presence of bulbils in the base of bracts, presence of reddish markings in the apical region of perigone segments). Cross sections of the (basal and cauline) leaves, pedicel and peduncle were analyzed by using light microscopy. In this paper we used the descriptive analysis. Based on тhis results it is seen that morpho-anatomical differentitation occures between analyzed populations. Key words: Gagea pratensis, morphometry, anatomy, basal leaf, first cauline leaf, pedicel, peduncle SADRŽAJ 1. UVOD ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Osvrt na rod Gagea .................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Taksonomski položaj vrste Gagea pratensis ............................................................ 2 1.3. Biološke karakteristike i specifičnosti vrste Gagea pratensis................................... 3 1.4. Horologija vrste Gagea pratensis ............................................................................. 5 1.5. Dosadašnja istraživanja ............................................................................................ 5 2. CILJEVI RADA .............................................................................................................. 6 3.MATERIJAL I METODE RADA ................................................................................... 7 3.1. Terenska istraživanja i sakupljanje biljnog materijala ............................................. 7 3. 2. Morfometrijska analiza ............................................................................................ 8 3. 3. Morfo-anatomska analiza ........................................................................................ 8 3.4. Statistička obrada podataka ...................................................................................... 9 4.REZULTATI I DISKUSIJA .......................................................................................... 10 4.1. Morfometrijska analiza ........................................................................................... 10 4.2. Poprečni presek lista vrste Gagea pratensis ........................................................... 13 4.3. Poprečni presek pricvetnog lista vrste Gagea pratensis ........................................ 16 4.4.Poprečni presek cvetne drške vrste Gagea pratensis .............................................. 20 4.5.Poprečni presek skapusa vrste Gagea pratensis ...................................................... 22 5.Zaključak ........................................................................................................................ 26 6. Literatura ....................................................................................................................... 28 Milesa Krstić Master rad 1. UVOD 1.1. Osvrt na rod Gagea Richard Anthony Salisbury (1761-1829) izdvojio je sedam vrsta koje su se dugo nalazile u rodu Ornithogalum (npr. Linnaeus, 1753, 1762, i Pallas, 1773, 1776) u novi rod Gagea (Salisbury, 1806) na osnovu razlika u plodonošenju. Rod je nazvao po Thomasu Gageu, engleskom prirodnjaku, koji je bio poznat po sakupljanju retkih evropskih biljaka i njihovom rasejavanju (Dasgupta i Deb, 1983a). Iako je Salisburiov novi rod zasnovan na vrstama koje su ranije opisane u rodu Ornithogalum, nije uzeo u obzir prioritete ranijih specifikacija vrsta već je formulisao nove. Ovo je bio prvi izvor taksonomske konfuzije u rodu (Hein i Dafni, 1971). Primarni uzrok taksonomskih poteškoća vezanih za rod Gagea je površna sličnost većine vrsta. Kvalitativni karakteri koji se koriste za podelu roda na sekcije uključuju vrstu lukovice, vrstu semena, produkciju bulbila, izgled indumentuma stabljike, položaj pricvetnih listova kao i kvantitativni karakter broj pricvetnih listova (Riks i Vuds, 1981). Sledećih sto godina nakon opisa novog roda od strane Salisbury-a, izučavanje roda Gagea nije bilo intenzivno. Schultes i Schultes fil. (1829), Koch (1849) i Boissier (1882) napravili su značajan doprinos, posebno analizirajući vrste iz Orienta (Uphof, 1958). Najvažnije revizije roda Gagea su preduzete istovremeno i samostalno od strane dva autora početkom 20. veka: Pascher (1904, 1907) i Terracciano (1905, 1906). Nijedna od ovih revizija nije bila u potpunosti završena, iako se Pascherovo tumačenje smatralo validnijom revizijom (Rechinger, 1986). Opisi mnogih novih vrsta pojavili su se od 1907. godine, naročito u poslednje dve decenije (Levičev, 1981, 1988, 1991, 2000, 2001, Dasgupta i Deb, 1983b, Levičev i Navruzšoev, 1997; Zarrei i Zarre, 2005). U okviru Liliaceae, Gagea je rod sa najvećim brojem vrsta (oko 280), diverzitet u okviru ovog roda najverovatnije je rezultat česte pojave poliploidije i hibridizacije u kombinaciji sa sklonošću ka vegetativnom razmnožavanju (Peruzzi 2008a, Peterson
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