Kun Annamária

Preliminary study viewing the fl ora of the Upper Mureş hydrographic basin

Kun Annamária RO-540361 Târgu Mureş, str. Măgurei 7/14, , [email protected]

Abstract

Th e Mureş is one of the most important rivers in the Tisa catchments area. Th e studied area’s surface is about 42 000 hectares and it lies on altitudes between 400-1470 m above sea level. Th is paper presents the taxons found until this moment in the area, comprising a list of taxons of 670 positions. Th e taxons are listed describing their life form, fl oristic element, ecological indexes and protection status. Th e analysis of the fl oristic elements shows that the area’s fl ora is char- acterized by the predominance of the Eurasian element. Th e Carpathian, Dacic, Balcanic and endemic are about 3,15 %. Th e analysis of life forms shows a high percentage of hemicryptophytes, a fact, which is closely connected to the large surfaces of grasslands and the presence of the grass- layer in diff erent other habitats. Analyzing the ecological indexes, we can see that most of the species belong to the mesophytic (U3-3,5), micromesothermic (T3-3,5) and weaker acid-neutrophiluos (R4-4,5) categories.

Key words: Mureş hydrographic basin, species-list.

Introduction

Th e Mureş River, with its 768 km length is the largest waterway in the Tisa catchment area. Its 30 000 km2 hydrographic area makes it one of the most important rivers of the Carpathian Basin. Its spring is to be found in the Hăşmaşu Mare Mountains, from where, through the Gheorgheni-basin, it gets between the volcanic mountains

63 Biologia | Acta Scientiarum Transylvanica, 15/1, 2007

(Harghita, , Călimani). Passing the Mureş-Gorge, between the Călimani and Gurghiu Mountains, it arrives in the high hilly area, which is the transition to the Transylvanian Basin. After passing the Transylvanian Basin, it fl ows through the -Gorge (between the Poiana Ruscă-moun- tains and Metaliferi Mountains) to the plains, where, fi nally, at Szeged, it joins the Tisa.

Figure 1. Map of the area (topographical map). 1. ábra: A terület térképe.

64 Kun Annamária

Limits of the studied area

Th e area described in this paper lies in the hydrographic basin of the Mureş River between Deda and Reghin. Its northwestern and western limit is the watershed between the Mureş and the Luţ rivers; the Southern and South- western limit is the watershed of the Mureş and Gurghiu rivers. Th e area’s North-eastern limit is divided in two: at the right side of the Mureş is the watershed between the Pietriş and Casei brooks, while on the Mureş’s right side the watershed between the Sebeş and brooks (fi g. 1). Th e highest points of the area are to be found on the watersheds: Sânio- ara-peak (754 m), Şanţ-peak (1281 m), Cetăţii-peak (748 m). Th e surface of the studied area is 42 571 ha.

Geology and geomorphology

Th e area lays on the edge of the volcanic Călimani-Gurghiu-Harghita area, at its limit with the Transylvanian basin. Th e geomorphologic units of the area are the following (Mac 1972): • Intercollinar basin of Reghin • Subcarpathian basin of Deda-Vălenii de Mureş • Th e Călimani-Gurghiu foothills • Th e Şieu-Sânioara ridge

Soils

Th e most widespread soil-types are: andosoils (developed on the volca- nic rock) (Höhn 1998):, brown forest-soils (between 600–1000 m altitude), meadow-soils (in fl oodable areas of the valleys and some terraces) and salty soils (in small spots around Ideciu and Brâncovenesti).

Hydrographic considerations

Th e area’s “vertebral column” is the Mureş River, which passes it in NE-SW direction. On the upper limit-zone of the area, the fl ow of the Mureş is quick; it has an upper-segment character. Between Vălenii de Mureş and Brâncoveneşti the riverbed widens, getting a middle-segment character.

65 Biologia | Acta Scientiarum Transylvanica, 15/1, 2007

Th e average fl ow-rate at Reghin is 33 m3/sec. Affl uents from the right side are small brooks arriving from the Călimani-foothills. Th eir fl ow-rate is usually small, excepting the Pietriş and Râpa brooks. Affl uents on the left side have usually bigger low-rate, they are longer and their spring is on higher altitude. More important val- leys are: Sebeş, Fiţcău, . As a characteristic of the high hilly/low mountain areas, the precipita- tion during winter falls as snow, that is why the water gets smaller amounts of water supply. Because of this, winter-months can be considered the dry period. During springtime, when the snow melts quickly, the fl ow-rates of these waterfl ows increases, so that the water-supply originating from the melting snow and rainfalls can be 50–60 mm at 500–1500 m altitude.

Climate

Th e area’s climate has a temperate continental infl uence. Th e closest meteorological station is at Batoş. Th e multi-annual aver- age temperature is 8,83°C and the average annual precipitation-amount is 641,68 mm. Dominant winds blow from East and North-East (from the direction of the mountains), these winds are very dry during the spring-months. Air- streams, which bring precipitation, arrive from the Transylvanian Plane, from West and South-West.

Population, settlements and human impact

Th e studied area is relatively dense inhabited (40,65 persons/km2), the ma- jor part of settlements being on the lower terrace of the Mureş River, but villages can be found in the bigger brook-valleys, as well. Data viewing the land-use of communities and population are inserted in table 1. Th e population’s main activity in this area is agriculture, mostly stock- breeding (Balás 1999). Th is has a serious impact on the environment, most- ly over the grasslands. A very common situation is the overgrazing, which’s side eff ect often is the apparition of mat-grass (Nardus stricta) grasslands (Sârbu et al. 2003). Th is is very common in the Vătava area, where a big

66 Kun Annamária

Table 1. Land use and population in the studied area (based on “Anuarul statistic al judeţului Mureş, ediţia 2005”). 1. táblázat: Földhasználat és népesség a vizsgált területen („Anuarul statistic al judeţului Mureş, ediţia 2005” alapján).

Agri- Plough- Pas- Hay- Orchard Popula- Community cultural land ture meadow (ha) tion area (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) Aluniş 4053 788 568 1179 5 3300 Brâncoveneşti 8762 1862 2348 1925 49 4518 4270 897 641 1145 22 2005 Ruşii Munţi 4282 709 675 1110 4 2252 Suseni 3064 1363 726 176 0 2319 Vătava 16981 1369 1908 3968 15 2113 Pietriş (Deda) 1159 910 800 Total 42571 17307 number of sheepherders graze their herd. A sad fact is the expansion of these herders, who lease practically all the pastures of the upper Mureş- Valley, even from other communities. A serious problem is, that sheep- herds do enter in other lands than pastures (cultivated land, hay meadows, forests), where they cause damages. In the -cultivation there is a decrease of the pesticide-use in the last 15 years, which has a positive eff ect on the resettlement of the original fl ora. An important economical resource in the area is the wood, that is why practically all the forests are exploited. Th e direct and indirect eff ects of this activity are clearly seen: cut wood, eroded soil, and destroyed brook- valleys. Another important activity is the gravel mining in the Mureş riverbed. Its eff ect is the riverbed’s deepening, the increased water-speed and turbid- ity, facts, which cause important changes in the river’s biodiversity. Other human activities in the area are: hunting, collecting of mush- rooms, medicinal and forest fruits and fi shing. Industry, except wood-industry is hardly present.

67 Biologia | Acta Scientiarum Transylvanica, 15/1, 2007

Materials and methods

Th e presentation of the area’s fl ora was made based on my own research. I began studying the territory in 2000, but the methodical research took place in 2005–2006. Th is paper presents the data set collected in the last period. During the fi eldwork in the area I noted the species observed, re- spectively, I took home the unknown species for their identifi cation. Th e identifi cation was made based on the following literature: Simon (2000), Ciocârlan (2000), Anderberg et Anderberg (2007), Buttler (2000), Grau et al. (1998), Săvulescu (1951–1976). Th e major part of the collected species is inserted in a herbarium. Data viewing the species’ was taken from the Flora Europaea. Th e genuses in families, as well as the species ge- nuses are listed alphabetically. Data viewing the fl oristic element, life form and ecological index was taken from Sanda (1983). Th e species were introduced in an Excel database and fi lters were used for easier search. Th e database contains data on the species’ life form, fl o- ristic element, ecological index, distribution in the area and in diff erent habitats and their protection status. During the fi eldwork, several hundreds of photos of plants and habi- tats were made, using a Fuji FinePix A205 camera. Photos refl ecting diff er- ent situations were made as well, for example, the overgrazing eff ect, etc. In the paper I used the following abbreviations: For life-forms: MPh – Megaphanerophyton Ch – Chamaephyton mPh – Mezophanerophyton Th – Th erophyton nPh – Nanophanerophyton TH – Hemytherophyton H – Hemycryptophyton Hh – Helohydatophyton G – Geophyton For the fl oristic elements: Alp-Karp – Alp-Carpathian Kozm – cosmopolitan Atl – Atlantic M – Mediterranean Adv – adventive P – pontic B – Balcanic Pn – pannonic Cp – circumpolar Dac – Dacic bor – boreal E – European K – continental

68 Kun Annamária

Ec – central-European end – endemic Eua – Eurasian mont – montan For the protection status: WWF – Carpathian List of Endangered Species, Carpathian Ecoregion Initiative (Witkowski. 2003) GR – Grasslands of Romania, Final Report on National Grassland In- ventory 2000–2003 (Sârbu et al. 2003) HD – Habitat Directive R – rare VU – vulnerable EN – endangered A1 (...) – Annex 1 (...)

Results

Th e results of the fi eld-study is a list of species, which follows.

LYCOPSIDA LYCOPODIALES LYCOPODIACEAE 1. Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schrank & Mart., (Ch, Kozm, U3,5, T2, R2), in beech- and mixed-forests. 2. Lycopodium annotinum L., (Ch, Cp, U4, T2,5, R2), in beech-forests. 3. Lycopodium clavatum L., (Ch, Cp(bor), U3, T3, R1), in forest-fring- es. SPHENOPSIDA EQUISETALES EQUISETACEAE 4. Equisetum arvense L., (G, Kozm, U3, T3, R0), common in wet and humid grasslands. 5. Equisetum fl uviatile L., (Hh, Cp, U5, T3, R0), in waterfringe-vegeta- tion. 6. Equisetum pratense L., (G, Kozm, U3,5, T2,5, R4), in wet hay-mead- ows. 7. Equisetum telmateia Ehrh., (G, Cp, U3,5, T2, R0), in water-fringe veg- etation. POLYPODIALES DENNSTAEDTIACEAE

69 Biologia | Acta Scientiarum Transylvanica, 15/1, 2007

8. Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn, (G, Kozm, U3, T3, R0), common in forests and forest-fringes, sometimes in pastures. ASPLENIACEAE 9. Asplenium trichomanes L., (H, Cp, U3, T0, R4), in beech-forests. DRYOPTERIDACEAE 10. Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P.Fuchs, (H, Cp, U4, T3,5, R0), in mixed forests. 11. Dryopteris cristata (L.) A.Gray, (H, Cp, U3,5, T2, R3), in forests. 12. Dryopteris expansa (C. Presl) Fraser-Jenkins et Jermy, (H, Karp-Cp), in waterfringe-vegetation in Sebes valley. 13. Dryopteris fi lix-mas (L.) Schott, (H, Kozm, U4, T3, R0), common in forests. 14. Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman, (G, Cp(bor), U3, T2,5, R2), in waterfringe-vegetation, in Sebes Valley. ATHYRIACEAE 15. Athyrium fi lix-femina (L.) Roth, (H, Kozm, U4, T2,5, R0), in oak-for- ests. WOODSIACEAE 16. Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Tod., (H, Cp, U4, T2, R0), in water- fringe-vegetation, in Sebes Valley. POLYPODIACEAE 17. Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh., (H, Kozm, U3,5, T0, R0), in rocky beech-forests, on rocks, in Sebes Valley. 18. Phegopteris connectilis (Michx) Watt, (G, Cp, U3,5, T2, R2), in beech- forests, in Sebes Valley. 19. Polypodium vulgare L., (G, Cp, U3,5, T3, R4), in oak- and beechfor- ests. GYMNOSPERMATOPHYTA PINALES PINACEAE 20. Abies alba Mill., (MPh, E, U3, T3,5, R4), planted in mixed and conif- erous forests. 21. Larix decidua Mill, (MPh, Alp-Karp, U2,5, T0, R0), planted in mixed and coniferous forests. 22. Picea abies (L.) H. Karst., (MPh, E, U0, T0, R0), common in mixed and spruce-forests. 23. Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold, (MPh, E), planted.

70 Kun Annamária

24. Pinus strobus L., (MPh, Adv), planted. 25. L., (MPh, Eua, U0, T0, R0), planted. 26. Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, (MPh, Adv), planted. CUPRESSACEAE 27 .Juniperus communis L., (mPh, Eua(C), U2, T4,5, R4,5), on pastures. ANGHIOSPERMATOPHYTA DICOTYLEDONOPSIDA ARISTOLOCHIALES ARISTOLOCHIACEAE 28. Asarum europaeum L., (H(G), Eua, U3,5, T3, R4), common in oak and beech-forests. 29. Aristolochia clematitis L., (H(G), Eua, U3,5, T3, R4), semi-ruderal area, near Vătava. 30. Aconitum lycoctonum L. ssp. moldavicum (Hacq) Jalas, (H, Karp (end), U3, T2, R3), in mixed forests. 31. Actaea spicata L., (H, Eua, U3,5, T3, R3), in beech- and mixed for- ests. 32. Adonis aestivalis L., (Th , Eua(M), U3, T4, R3, WWF: EN), in culti- vated lands. 33. Anemone nemorosa L., (G, E, U3,5, T4, R0), common in forests. 34. Anemone ranunculoides L., (G, E, U3,5, T3, R4), common in forests. 35. Caltha palustris L., (H, E, U5, T3, R0), common in wet grasslands and marshes. 36. Clematis recta L., (H, P-M, U2,5, T3, R4), in forest-fringe vegetation, near Brâncovenesti. 37. Clematis vitalba L., (nPh, Ec(M), U3, T3, R3), common in oak- and beechforests, in shrubs and forest-fringes. 38. Consolida regalis Gray, (Th , Eua, U2, T4, R4), cultivated. 39. Helleborus purpurascens Waldst&Kit, (H, Karp-B-Pn, U2,5, T3, R4), common in oak-, beech-, and mixed forests, in forest-fringe vegeta- tion and shrubs, and on pastures. 40. Hepatica nobilis Screb., (G, E, U3, T3, R4), common in forests. 41. Isopyrum thalictroides L., (G, Ec, U3, T3,5, R3), common in oak- and beechforests.

71 Biologia | Acta Scientiarum Transylvanica, 15/1, 2007

42. Nigella arvensis L., (Th , E(M), U2, T4, R4), in cultivated lands, as weed. 43. Pulsatilla pratensis (L.) Mill., (H, Ec, U2, T4, R4; GR: VU), in dry grasslands near Ideciu, Săcalu de Pădure. 44. Ranunculus acris L., (H, Eua(M), U3,5, T0, R0), common in grass- lands. 45. Ranunculus arvensis L., (Th , Eua, U3, T3, R0), in grasslands. 46. Ranunculus auricomus L., (H, Eua, U3,5, T3, R3), common in for- ests. 47. Ranunculus carpaticus Herbich, (G, Karp (end), U3,5, T2, R4), in wa- terfringe-vegetation, in Sebes Valley. 48. Ranunculus cassubicus L., (H, E(K), U3,5, T3, R0), common in for- ests. 49. Ranunculus fi caria L., (H(G), Eua(M), U3,5, T3, R3), common in for- ests. 50. Ranunculus lanuginosus L., (H, Ec, U3,5, T0, R4), in hay-meadow, near Brâncoveneşti. 51. Ranunculus sardous Crantz, (Th (H), Eua, U3, T3, R4), on pastures. 52. Th alictrum aquilegiifolium L., (H, E, U2,5, T2,5, R4), in humid hay- meadows. 53. Th alictrum fl avum L., (H, Eua, U4,5, T0, R4,5), in humid hay-mead- ows. 54. Th alictrum lucidum L., (H, Ec, U4,5, T3, R5), in humid hay-mead- ows. 55. Trollius europaeus L., (H, E, U4, T2, R4; GR: R), in humid hay-mead- ows near Lunca Mureşului. PAPAVERALES PAPAVERACEAE 56. Chelidonium majus L., (H, Eua, U3, T3, R4), in forest-fringes, shrubs, ruderal areas. 57. Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg & Körte, (G, Ec, U3, T3, R0), common in forests. 58. Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv, (G, E, U3, T3, R0), common in forests. 59. Papaver dubium L., (Th , E, U2, T3,5, R3), common in ruderal areas (near the railway). 60. Papaver rhoeas L., (Th , Eua(M), U3, T3,5, R4), in cultivated lands.

72 Kun Annamária

CARYOPHYLLACEAE 61. Arenaria serpyllifolia L., (Th , Cp, U2, T2,5, R0), in dry grasslands. 62. Cerastium fontanum Baumg., (H(Ch), Kozm, U3, T0, R0), in oak- and mixed forests and shrubs. 63. Dianthus armeria L., (Th (TH), E, U2, T3, R3), in dry grasslands. 64. Dianthus barbatus L. ssp. compactus (Kit.)Heuff el, (Ch, Alp-Karp-B, U2, T4,5, R5), in waterfringe-vegetation, in Sebes Valley. 65. Dianthus carthusianorum L., (H, E, U2, T4,5, R5), common in grass- lands. 66. Dianthus collinus Waldst.&Kit., (H, Pn, U2,5, T0, R0), in wet hay- meadow. 67. Dianthus superbus L., (H, Eua, U3, T0, R0), in forest-fringes and shrubs. 68. Gypsophila muralis L., (Th , Eua, U2, T3, R2), on pastures. 69. Lychnis fl os-cuculi L., (H, Eua, U3,5, T2,5, R0), in wet hay-meadows. 70. Lychnis viscaria L., (H, Eua, U3, T4, R0), in mixed and oak-forests. 71. Moehringia trinervia (L.) Clairv, (Th (TH), Eua(M), U2,5, T3, R3), in oak-and beech-forests, and shrubs. 72. Saponaria offi cinalis L., (H, Eua(M), U3, T3, R0), on salty soil, near Ideciu. 73. Silene dioica, (L.) Clairv, (H, Eua, U3,5, T0, R4), in beech-and mixed forests. 74. Silene italica (L.) Pers. ssp. nemoralis (Waldst. et Kit) Nyman, (H, E(M), U3, T0, R3), in dry grasslands and shrubs. 75. Silene latifolia Poir. ssp. alba (Mill) Greuter&Burdet, (Th (TH), Eua, U3,5, T2, R3), in cultivated lands. 76. Silene nutans L., (H, Eua, U2, T3, R4), common in oak-forests. 77. Silene vulgaris (Moench) Gaercke, (H(Ch), Eua, U3, T3, R4), common in oak-forests. 78. Spergula arvensis L., (Th , Kozm, U3, T0, R0), on pastures. 79. Stellaria graminea L., (H, Eua(M), U2,5, T2, R3), in hay-meadows. 80. Stellaria holostea L., (H(Ch), Eua, U3, T3, R0), common in forests, forest-fringes and shrubs. 81. Stellaria media (L.) Vill, (TH(Th ), Kozm, U3, T0, R0), in weed-com- munities. 82. Stellaria nemorum L., (H, E, U3,5, T3, R3), in waterfringe-vegetation, in Sebes Valley.

73 Biologia | Acta Scientiarum Transylvanica, 15/1, 2007

83. Stellaria palustris Retz, (H, Eua, U3, T4, R0; GR: R), in wet hay-mead- ows. PORTULACACEAE 84. Portulaca oleracea L., (Th , Kozm, U3, T0, R0), in weed-communi- ties. CHENOPODIACEAE 85. Salicornia europaea L., (Th , Kozm, U4, T0, R5), on salty soil, near Brâncoveneşti, Ideciu and Lunca Mureşului. AMARANTHACEAE 86. Amaranthus retrofl exus L., (Th , Adv, U3, T3, R0), in weed-communi- ties. POLYGONALES POLYGONACEAE 87. Polygonum aviculare L., (Th , Kozm, U2,5, T0, R3), in ruderal com- munities. 88. Polygonum bellardii All., (Th , Eua, U2, T3,5, R4,5), on salty soils. 89. Polygonum bistorta L., (H, Eua, U4, T2,5, R3), in wet hay-meadows. 90. Polygonum hydropiper L., (Th , Eua(M), U4,5, T3, R4), in waterfringe- vegetation. 91. Polygonum maculosa S. F. Gray, (Th , E, U2,5, T0, R3), in weed-com- munities. 92. Rumex acetosa L., (H, Kozm, U3, T0, R0), common in wet hay-mead- ows. 93. Rumex acetosella L., (H(G), Kozm, U2, T3, R2), common in dry grass- lands and weed-communities. 94. Rumex crispus L., (H, Eua, U4, T3, R0), in weed-communities. 95. Rumex kerneri Borbás, (H, B-Pn, U3, T5, R3), in wet hay-meadows. 96. Rumex obtusifolius L., (H, E, U4, T0, R3), in beech-forests. 97. Rumex sanguineus L., (H, E, U4, T3, R4), in oak-forests and forest- fringes. 98. Rumex thyrsifl orus Fingerh., (H, Eua, U2,5, T4, R2), in wet hay-mead- ows. PLUMBAGINALES PLUMBAGINACEAE 99. Limonium gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze, (H, Eua(C), U3,5, T4, R4), on salty soils. FAGALES

74 Kun Annamária

FAGACEAE 100. Fagus sylvatica L., (MPh, E, U3, T3, R0), common in beech- and mixed forests. 101. Quercus petraea (Matt) Liebl, (MPh, E, U2,5, T3, R0), common in oak- and mixed forests. 102. Quercus robur L., (MPh, E, U3,5, T3, R0), common in oak- and mixed forests. 103. Quercus rubra L., (MPh, Adv), planted. BETULACEAE 104. Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., (MPh, Eua, U5, T3, R3), in marshy for- ests. 105. Alnus incana (L.) Moench, (MPh, Eua, U4, T2, R4), in marshy for- ests. 106. Betula pendula Roth, (MPh, Eua, U3, T2, R2), in forest-fringes and shrubs. CORYLACEAE 107. Carpinus betulus L., (MPh, E, U3, T3, R3), common in forests. 108. Corylus avellana L., (mPh, E, U3, T3, R3), common in forests and shrubs. 109. Corylus maxima Mill, (mPh, Adv), planted. URTICALES ULMACEAE 110. Ulmus glabra Huds., (MPh, Eua, U4, T3, R3), in shrubs. 111. Ulmus laevis Pall., (MPh, E, U4, T3, R3), in shrubs. 112. Ulmus minor Mill., (MPh, Eua, U3,5, T3, R4), in shrubs. CANNABACEAE 113. Humulus lupulus L., (H, Eua, U3,5, T3, R4), in forest-fringes. URTICACEAE 114. Urtica dioica L., (H(G), Kozm, U3, T3, R4), in ruderal areas. JUGLANDALES JUGLANDACEAE 115. Juglans nigra L., (MPh, Adv), planted. 116. Juglans regia L., (MPh, Karp-B-Anat-cauc, U3, T4, R4), planted. CRASSULACEAE 117. Sedum sexangulare L., (Ch, Ec, U2, T3, R0), in dry grasslands.

75 Biologia | Acta Scientiarum Transylvanica, 15/1, 2007

118. Sedum telephium L. ssp maximum (L.) Krock, (H(G), Eua(M), U2, T3, R0), in oak-forests. SAXIFRAGACEAE 119. Chrysosplenium alternifolium L., (H, Cp(bor), U4, T2, R4), in beech- forests on wet soils. 120. Agrimonia eupatoria L., (H, Eua, U2,5, T3, R4), in dry grasslands. 121. monticola Opiz., (H, Eua, U3,5, T2,5, R0), in beech-for- ests. 122. Alchemilla xanthochlora Rothm, (H, Ec, U3,5, T2, R2), in beech-for- ests. 123. Aruncus dioicus (Walter) Fernald, (H, Eua (mont), U4, T2,5, R3), in waterfringe-vegetation, in Sebes Valley. 124. Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai, (mPh, Adv), planted. 125. Crataegus monogyna Jacq., (mPh, E, U2,5, T3, R3), in oak-forests, for- est-fringes and shrubs. 126. Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim, (H, Eua, U4,5, T2, R0), in wet hay- meadows and marshes. 127. Filipendula vulgaris Moench., (H, Eua, U2,5, T3, R0), in hay-mead- ows. 128. Fragaria vesca L., (H, Eua, U3, T2,5, R0), in grasslands and oak-for- ests. 129. Fragaria viridis Duchesne, (H, E(K), U2, T4, R3), in dry pastures. 130. Geum urbanum L., (H, Eua(M), U3, T3, R4), in oak- and beech-for- ests. 131. Malus sylvestris Mill., (mPh, E, U3,5, T3, R4), in shrubs and oak-for- ests. 132. Potentilla alba L., (H, Ec, U2,5, T3, R3, in dry grasslands and oak-for- ests. 133. Potentilla anserina L., (H, Kozm, U4, T3, R4), in wet pastures. 134. Potentilla argentea, L., (H, Eua, U2, T4, R2), in dry grasslands. 135. Potentilla erecta (L.) Rausch, (H, Eua(M), U0, T0, R0), in grasslands. 136. Potentilla heptaphylla L., (H, E(K), U2, T3, R3), on pastures. 137. Potentilla inclinata Vill., (H, E(K), U3, T0, R4), in forest-fringes and pastures. 138. Potentilla reptans L., (H, Eua, U3,5, T0, R4), on pastures.

76 Kun Annamária

139. Prunus avium L., (MPh, E, U3, T3, R3), in forests. 140. Prunus padus L., (MPh, Eua, U3,5, T3,5, R4), in forest-fringes. 141. Prunus spinosa L., (mPh, Eua, U2, T3, R3), in shrubs. 142. Pyrus pyraster Burgsd., (MPh, E, U2, T3, R4), in forest-fringes and pastures. 143. Rosa canina L., (nPh, E, U2, T3, R3), in forest-fringes, shrubs. 144. Rosa gallica L., (nPh, M, U2, T4, R4), in shrubs. 145. Rosa pimpinellifolia L., (nPh, Eua, U2, T3, R4), in oak-forests. 146. Rubus caesius L., (H(nPh), Eua(M), U4,5, T3, R4), in shrubs. 147. Rubus idaeus L., (nPh, Cp(bor), U3, T3, R3), in forests and clearings. 148. Sanguisorba minor Scop, (H, Eua, U2, T3,5, R4), in dry grasslands. 149. Sanguisorba offi cinalis L., (H, Eua, U3, T3, R0), in wet hay-meadows. 150. Sorbus aucuparia L., (MPh, E, U3, T2,5, R2), in forest-fringes near Aluniş. 151. Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz, (MPh, E(M), U2,5, T3, R4), in forests. 152. Spiraea chamaedrifolia L., (mPh, Eua, U3, T2,5, R0), on rocks in Sebes-Valley. 153. Spiraea x vanhouttei (Briot) Zibel, (mPh, Adv), planted. FABALES FABACEAE 154. Anthyllis vulneraria L., (H, E(M), U2, T0, R4), in dry grasslands. 155. Astragalus glycyphyllos L., (H, Eua, U3, T3, R4), common in oak-for- ests. 156. Astragalus monspessulanus L., (H, E(M), U1,5, T4, R4), in dry grass- lands. 157. Chamaecytisus hirsutus (L.) Link, (nPh, Ec(M), U2, T3,5, R4), on pas- tures. 158. Coronilla varia L., (H, Ec(M), U2, T3, R4), common in grasslands and forest-fringes. 159. Dorycnium pentaphyllum Scop. ssp. herbaceum (Vill) Rouy, (Ch(H), Ec(M), U2, T5, R4), common in dry grasslands. 160. Genista tinctoria L., (Ch(nPh), Eua, U2,5, T3, R2), in dry grasslands. 161. Gleditsia triacanthos L., (MPh, Adv), planted. 162. Lathyrus niger (L.) Bernh., (H, E(K), U2,5, T3, R3), common in oak- forests. 163. Lathyrus nissolia L., (Th , Atl-M, U2, T3,5, R3), in weed-communi- ties.

77 Biologia | Acta Scientiarum Transylvanica, 15/1, 2007

164. Lathyrus pannonicus (Jacq.) Gaercke, (H(G), Eua(C), U2, T4, R4,5), in dry grasslands. 165. Lathyrus pratensis L., (H, Eua, U3,5, T3, R4), in wet hay-meadows. 166. Lathyrus transsilvanicus (Spreng) Fritsch, (H, Karp-Pn, U2, T4, R4; WWF: EN; GR: R), in oak-forests, near Ideciu. 167. Lathyrus tuberosus L., (H(G), Eua(M), U2, T4, R4), in ruderal areas. 168. Lathyrus vernus (L.) Bernh., (H, Eua, U3, T3, R3), common in oak- and beech-forests. 169. Lotus corniculatus L., (H, Eua, U2,5, T0, R0), common in grasslands. 170. Lotus tenuis Waldst&Kit ex Willd, (H, Eua(M), U2,5, T0, R0), in dry grasslands. 171. Medicago lupulina L., (H, Eua, U2,5, T3, R4), in grasslands. 172. Melilotus albus Medik, (Th (TH), Eua, U2,5, T3, R0), in weed and ru- deral communities. 173. Melilotus offi cinalis (L.) Pall, (Th (TH), Eua, U2,5, T3,5, R0), in weed and ruderal communities. 174. Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) DC, (H, Eua(C), U2, T3,5, R5), in weed communities. 175. Ononis arvensis L., (Ch(H), Eua(C), U3, T4, R0), in grasslands. 176. Robinia pseudacacia L., (MPh, Adv, U2,5, T4, R0), planted. 177. Trifolium alpestre L., (H, E(M), U2,5, T3, R4), on pastures. 178. Trifolium arvense L., (Th , Eua(M), U1,5, T3, R4), in hay-meadows. 179. Trifolium aureum Pollich, (Th (TH), Eua(M), U3, T3, R0), in hay- meadows. 180. Trifolium campestre Schreb., (Th (TH), E, U3, T3, R0), common in grasslands. 181. Trifolium fragiferum L., (H, Eua, U3, T3, R5), in shrubs and pastures. 182. Trifolium medium L., (H, Eua(C), U2,5, T2, R4), in oak-forests. 183. Trifolium montanum L., (H, Eua(C), U2,5, T2, R4), in forest-fringe vegetation. 184. Trifolium pratense L., (H(TH), Eua, U3, T0, R0), in grasslands. 185. Trifolium repens L., (H, Eua, U3,5, T0, R0), common in grasslands. 186. Vicia cracca L., (H, Eua, U3, T0, R3), in hay-meadows. 187. Vicia grandifl ora Scop., (Th (TH), B-P-Kauk, U3, T3, R0), in ruderal communities. 188. Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray, (Th , Eua(M), U2,5, T3,5, R4), in weed-com- munities.

78 Kun Annamária

189. Vicia pannonica Crantz, (Th , P-M, U2,5, T3,5, R4), in dry grasslands. 190. Vicia pisiformis L., (H, Ec, U2, T3, R4,5), in oak-forests. 191. Vicia sativa L. ssp. nigra (L.) Ehrh, (Th , Eua(M), U0, T3, R0), in weed- communities. 192. Vicia sepium L., (H, Eua, U3, T3, R3), in hay-meadows. 193. Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Screb, (Th , Eua, U3,5, T3, R3), in weed-com- munities. MYRTALES ONAGRACEAE 194. Epilobium angustifolium L., (H, Cp, U4, T1,5, R0), in oak-forests. 195. Epilobium hirsutum L., (H(Hh), Eua(M), U4, T3, R3), in water-fringe and marsh-vegetation. 196. Epilobium montanum L., (H, Eua(M), U3, T0, R3,5), in forest-fringe vegetation. 197. Epilobium parvifl orum Schreb., (H, Eua, U5, T3, R4,5), in mixed for- ests. LYTHRACEAE 198. Lythrum hyssopifolia L., (Th , Kozm, U4, T3, R0), on salty soils. 199. Lythrum salicaria L., (H(Hh), Kozm, U4, T3, R0), in wet hay-meadows and water-fringe communities. ELAEAGNALES ELAEAGNACEAE 200. Hippophaë rhamnoides L., (H, Eua(C), U0, T3, R4,5), planted. SAPINDALES SAPINDACEAE 201. Staphylea pinnata L., (mPh, E(M), U2,5, T3,5, R4), in oak-forests. ACERACEAE 202. Acer campestre L., (MPh, E, U2,5, T3, R3), in oak- and mixed forests and shrubs. 203. Acer platanoides L., (MPh, Eua, U3, T3, R3), in oak- and beech-forests and shrubs. 204. Acer pseudoplatanus L., (MPh, Ec, U3,5, T3, R3), in oak- and beech- forests and shrubs. HIPPOCASTANACEAE 205. Aesculus hippocastanum L., (MPh, B), planted. GERANIALES OXALIDACEAE

79 Biologia | Acta Scientiarum Transylvanica, 15/1, 2007

206. Oxalis acetosella L., (H(G), Cp, U4, T3, R3), in beech, spruce- and mixed forests. 207. Oxalis corniculata L., (Th , Adv, U2,5, T4, R0), in weed-communities. 208. Oxalis dillenii Jacq., (Th , Adv, U3,5, T0, R0), in weed-communities. LINACEAE 209. Linum catharticum L., (Th (TH), E(M), U3, T2, R4), on pastures. 210. Linum austriacum L., (H, Eua, U1,5, T3,5, R4), in dry grasslands. 211. Linum fl avum L., (H, P-Pn-B, U2, T4, R4), in dry grasslands. GERANIACEAE 212. Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Her, (Th , Kozm, U2,5, T0, R0), in dry grass- lands and ruderal communities. 213. Geranium dissectum L., (Th , Eua, U3, T3,5, R0), in weed-communi- ties. 214. Geranium phaeum L., (H, Ec, U4, T3, R3), in oak-forests and forest- fringe vegetation. 215. Geranium pratense L., (H, Eua, U3,5, T3, R5), in hay-meadows. 216. Geranium robertianum L., (Th , Kozm, U3,5, T3, R3), in oak-forests. 217. Geranium sanguineum L., (H, E, U2, T3, R4), in shrubs. POLYGALALES POLYGALACEAE 218. Polygala comosa Schur, (H(Ch), Eua, U2, T4, R4), in grasslands. 219. Polygala major Jacq., (H, P-M, U2, T3, R4,5), in dry grasslands. 220. Polygala vulgaris L., (H(Ch), Eua, U3, T3, R3), on pastures. 221. europaeus L., (mPh, E, U3, T3, R3), in shrubs. 222. Euonymus verrucosus Scop, (mPh, E, U2,5, T3, R4), in shrubs. RHAMNALES RHAMNACEAE 223. Frangula alnus Mill., (Ph, Eua, U4, T3, R3), in shrubs. VITACEAE 224. Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch, (mPh, Adv), in forest-fringe vegetation. SANTALALES SANTALACEAE 225. Th esium bavarum Schrank, (G(H), E(K), U2,5, T3,5, R4,5), in dry grasslands.

80 Kun Annamária

LORANTHACEAE 226. Loranthus europaeus Jacq., (Ch(nPh), E, U3, T3,5, R0), in forests and shrubs. 227. Viscum album L., (Ch(nPh), Eua, U3,5, T3, R0), in forests and shrubs. EUPHORBIALES EUPHORBIACEAE 228. Euphorbia angulata Jacq., (H(G), P-M, U2,5, T3, R4), in mixed for- ests. 229. Euphorbia cyparissias L., (H(G), Eua, U2, T3, R4), on pastures. 230. Euphorbia amygdaloides L., (Ch, E(M), U3, T3,5, R4), common in for- ests and shrubs. 231. Euphorbia epithymoides L., (H, Pn-B, U2,5, T4, R3), in oak-forests. 232. Euphorbia helioscopia L., (Th , Eua, U3, T3, R0), in weed-communi- ties. 233. Euphorbia palustris L., (H(Hh), E, U4,5, T3,5, R4,5), in wet hay-mead- ows and marshy areas. 234. Euphorbia villosa Waldst&Kit ex Willd, (H, P-M, U3, T3,5, R0), in hay-meadows. 235. Mercurialis perennis L., (H(G), E, U3,5, T3, R4), in forests. THYMELAEALES THYMELACEAE 236. Daphne mezereum L., (nPh, Eua, U3,5, T3, R3), in beech-forests. ARALIALES ARALIACEAE 237. Hedera helix L., (nPh(Ep), Atl-M, U3, T3, R3), common in forests. APIACEAE 238. Aegopodium podagraria L., (H(G), Eua, U3,5, T3, R3), in oak-forests and grasslands. 239. Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoff m., (H, Eua(M), U3, T3, R4), in forests and forest-fringe vegetation. 240. Astrantia major L., (H, Ec(M), U3,5, T2,5, R4,5), in water-fringe veg- etation in Sebes Valley. 241. Bupleurum falcatum L., (H, Eua, U2, T3,5, R4), in dry grasslands. 242. Carum carvi L., (TH, Eua, U3,5, T3, R3), in grasslands. 243. Chaerophyllum aromaticum L., (H, Ec(K), U3,5, T3, R3), in water- fringe vegetation.

81 Biologia | Acta Scientiarum Transylvanica, 15/1, 2007

244. Conium maculatum L., (Th (TH), M, U3, T3, R3), in weed-communi- ties. 245. Daucus carota L., (TH(H), Eua(M), U2,5, T3, R0), common in grass- lands. 246. Eryngium campestre L., (H, P, U1, T5, R4), common in dry grass- lands. 247. Eryngium planum L., (H, Eua(C), U2, T3, R4), in grasslands. 248. Heracleum sphondylium L., (H, Eua, U3, T2,5, R0), in forest-fringe vegetation and grasslands. 249. Pastinaca sativa L. ssp pratensis (Th (H), Eua, U3, T4, R4), in water- fringe vegetation and wet hay-meadows. 250. Peucedanum offi cinale L., (H, Eua, U2, T3, R3), in wet hay-meadows and marshy areas. 251. Peucedanum oreoselinum (L.) Moench, (H, Ec(M), U2,5, T3, R0), in dry grasslands. 252. Pimpinella L., (H, Eua, U2,5, T0, R3), in wet hay-meadows. 253. Sanicula europaea L., (H, Atl-M, U3,5, T3, R4), in oak-, beech and mixed forests. 254. Selinum carvifolia (L.) L., (H, Eua(C), U3,5, T3, R3), in hay-mead- ows. 255. Seseli annuum L., (Th , E(K), U2, T3, R3), on pastures. PAEONIALES PAEONIACEAE 256. Paeonia lactifl ora Pall., (G, Adv), escaped from cultures. THEALES GUTTIFERAE 257. Hypericum hirsutum L., (H, Eua, U3, T3, R0), in oak- and mixed for- ests. 258. Hypericum montanum L., (H, E, U3, T3, R4), on pastures. 259. Hypericum perforatum L., (H, Eua, U3, T3, R0), in grasslands. 260. Hypericum tetrapterum Fries, (H, E, U4, T3, R4), in water-fringe veg- etation. VIOLALES 261. Viola arvensis Murray, (Th , Eua, U3, T3, R0), in dry grasslands and weed-communities. 262. Viola canina L., (H, Eua, U2,5, T3, R2), in oak-forests.

82 Kun Annamária

263. Viola mirabilis L., (H, Eua, U3, T3, R4), in oak-, beech- and mixed forests. 264. Viola odorata L., (H, Atl-M, U2,5, T3,5, R4), in grasslands and shrubs. 265. Viola reichenbachiana Jord ex Boreau, (H, Eua, U3, T3, R3,5), in for- ests. 266. Viola riviniana Reich., (H, E, U3, T3, R3), in forests. 267. Viola tricolor ssp. subalpina L., (Th (H), Eua, U2,5, T3, R0), in grass- lands around Fiţcău, Aluniş, Idicel-Pădure. CISTACEAE 268. Helianthemum ovatum (Viv.) Dunal, (Ch, Ec, U2,5, T3, R4), in dry grasslands. CAPPARALES BRASSICACEAE 269. Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande, (Th (H), Eua, U3, T3, R4), in decidous forests and shrubs. 270. Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L., (Th (TH), E(K), U1, T3, R0), in weed-com- munities. 271. Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh, (Th (TH), Eua(M), U2, T3, R3), in weed-communities and ruderal areas. 272. Barbarea vulgaris R. Br, (Hh, Eua(M), U6, T3, R4), in forest-fringe vegetation. 273. Brassica elongata Ehrh., (Th (H), E, U1,5, T4, R4), in weed-communi- ties. 274. Bunias orientalis L., (TH(H), Eua(K), U3, T3,5, R3), in weed-commu- nities. 275. Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik, (Th , Adv(M), U3, T0, R0), in weed-communities. 276. Cardamine amara L., (H, Eua(M), U5, T0, R0), in water-fringe veg- etation. 277. Cardamine bulbifera (L.) Crantz, (G, Ec, U3, T3, R4), in decidous for- ests. 278. Cardamine glanduligera O. Schwarz, (G, Karp (end), U4, T2,5, R4), in beech-forests. 279. Cardamine impatiens L., (Th (TH), Eua(M), U4, T3, R3), in oak-for- ests.

83 Biologia | Acta Scientiarum Transylvanica, 15/1, 2007

280. Cardamine pratensis L., (H, Cp, U5, T3, R0), common in wet hay- meadows. 281. Cardaminopsis arenosa (L.) Hayek, (Th (H), Ec, U2,5, T3, R4), in weed-communities. 282. Cardaria draba (L.) Desv, (H, Eua, U2, T4, R4), in weed-communi- ties. 283. Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort, (Th (H), Eua(M), U2, T3,5, R5), in weed-communities. 284. Erophila verna (L.) Chevall, (Th , Eua(M), U2,5, T3,5, R0), common in dry grasslands. 285. Erophila verna (L.) Chevall ssp. spathulata (Lang) Walters, (Th , Eua(M), U2,5, T3,5, R0), in dry grasslands. 286. Lepidium campestre L., (Th , E, U2,5, T3, R0, in weed- and ruderal communities. 287. Rorippa amphibia (L.) Besser, (Hh, Eua(M), U6, T3, R4), in marshes. 288. Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser, (Th (Hh), Kozm, U5, T3, R4), in marsh- es. 289. Sisymbrium strictissimum L., (H, Eua(C), U3,5, T4, R4,5), in water- fringe vegetation. 290. Th laspi arvense L., (Th , Eua(M), U2, T3, R4), in dry grasslands. SALICALES 291. Populus alba L., (MPh, Eua, U3,5, T3, R3), in forests. 292. Populus tremula L., (MPh, Eua, U3, T2, R2), in forests. 293. Salix alba L., (MPh, Eua, U5, T3, R4), in water-fringe vegetation, and marshes. 294. Salix caprea L., (mPh, Eua, U3, T3, R3), in shrubs and marshes. 295. Salix cinerea L., (mPh, Eua, U3, T3, R3), in shrubs and marshes. 296. Salix fragilis L., (mPh, Eua, U4,5, T3, R4), in shrubs and marshes. 297. Salix myrsinifolia Salisb., (mPh, Ec, U5, T3, R3), in shrubs and marsh- es. 298. Salix pentandra L., (MPh, Eua, U4,5, T0, R3,5), in shrubs and marsh- es. 299. Salix triandra L., (mPh, Eua, U5, T3, R0), in shrubs and marshes. 300. Salix viminalis L., (mPh, Eua, U5, T2, R4,5), in shrubs and marshes. CUCURBITACEAE

84 Kun Annamária

301. Bryonia alba L., (H, Eua(C), U3,5, T4, R0), in weed-communities. 302. Echinocystis lobata (Michx) Torr&Gray, (Th , Adv, U4, T0, R4), in weed-communities and in forest-fringe vegetation. TILIACEAE 303. Tilia cordata Mill., (MPh, E, U3, T3, R3), in decidous forests. 304. Tilia platyphyllos Scop., (MPh, Ec, U2,5, T3, R4), in decidous forests. 305. Tilia tomentosa Moench., (Mph, B, U2,5, T3,5, R3), in decidous for- ests. MALVACEAE 306. Hibiscus trionum L., (TH, Eua, U2,5, T4, R4), in weed-communities. 307. Lavatera thuringiaca L., (H, Eua(C), U2,5, T3, R0), in wet hay-mead- ows. 308. Malva neglecta Wallr, (Th (TH), Eua(M), U3, T3, R3), in weed-com- munities. 309. Malva sylvestris L., (Th (H), Eua (cosm), U3, T3, R0), in weed-com- munities. CORNACEAE 310. Cornus mas L., (mPh, P-M-Ec, U2, T3,5, R4), in forests around Sânio- ara-peak. 311. Cornus sanguinea L., (mPh, Ec, U3, T3, R4), common in forests, for- est-fringe vegetation and shrubs. PYROLACEAE 312. Pyrola rotundifolia L., (H, Cp, U3, T0, R2,5), shrubs in Sebes Valley. ERICACEAE 313. Vaccinium myrtillus L., (nPh(Ch), Cp, U0, T2, R1), in forests and shrubs. PRIMULALES PRIMULACEAE 314. Anagallis arvensis L., (Th , Kozm, U3, T3, R0), in weed-communities. 315. Lysimachia nummularia L., (Ch, E, U4, T3, R0), in decidous forests. 316. Lysimachia vulgaris L., (H(Hh), Eua, U5, T0, R0), in marshes, wet grasslands and water-fringe vegetation. 317. Primula veris L., (H, Eua, U3, T2, R5), in grasslands and decidous forests.

85 Biologia | Acta Scientiarum Transylvanica, 15/1, 2007

GENTIALANES GENTIANACEAE 318. Centaurium erythraea Rafn, (Th , Eua, U3, T3, R2), in grasslands. 319. Centaurium pulchellum (Sw) Druce, (Th , Eua, U1, T3,5, R4), on salty soils. 320. Gentiana asclepiadea L., (H, Ec(M), U4, T2, R4), in hay-meadows and on salty soils. 321. Gentianella ciliata L., (H, E, U2, T0, R4,5), on pastures and shrubs. 322. Gentiana cruciata L., (H, Eua, U3, T3, R4), on pastures and shrubs. 323. Gentiana pneumonanthe L., (H, Eua(M), U4, T3, R0; GR: VU), in for- est-fringe vegetation. APOCYNACEAE 324. Vinca minor L., (Ch, Ec(M), U3, T3, R3), common in decidous for- ests. ASCLEPIADACEAE 325. Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik., (, E(M), U2, T4, R4), common in decidous forests. RUBIACEAE 326. Asperula cynanchica L., (H, Ec(M), U2, T3,5, R4,5), in dry grasslands and weed-communities. 327. Asperula taurina L., (H, M, U3, T4, R3,5), in beech-forests around Ideciu. 328. Galium odoratum (L.) Scop, (G, Eua, U3, T3, R3), in decidous forests and shrubs. 329. Cruciata glabra (L.) Ehrend, (H, Eua, U3, T2, R2), in forest-fringe vegetation. 330. Cruciata laevipes Opiz., (H, Eua, U2,5, T3, R3), in forest-fringe veg- etation. 331. Galium album Mill., (H, E, U2,5, T2,5, R3), in grasslands. 332. Galium aparine L., (H, Eua, U3, T3, R3), in grasslands and water- fringe vegetation. 333. Galium boreale L., (H, Eua, U4, T2, R4), in wet hay-meadows. 334. Galium glaucum L., (H, Ec, U2, T4, R4), in dry shrubs. 335. Galium palustre L., (H, Cp, U5, T3, R0), in wet hay-meadows. 336. Galium rotundifolium L., (Ch, Ec, U3, T3, R3), in hay-meadows. 337. Galium schultesii Vest, (G, Ec, U2,5, T3, R3), in decidous forests and shrubs.

86 Kun Annamária

338. Galium sylvaticum L., (G, Ec, U2, T3, R4), in decidous forests and shrubs. 339. Galium verum L., (H, Eua, U2,5, T2,5, R0), common in grasslands. OLEALES OLEACEAE 340. Fraxinus excelsior L., (MPh, E, U3, T3, R4), in forests. 341. Ligustrum vulgare L., (mPh, E(M), U2,5, T3, R3), common in forest- fringe-vegetation and shrubs. DIPSACALES CAPRIFOLIACEAE 342. Lonicera xylosteum L., (mPh, Eua, U3, T3, R4), in oak-forests. 343. Sambucus ebulus L., (H, Eua(M), U3, T3, R4,5), in ruderal communi- ties. 344. Sambucus nigra L., (mPh, E, U3, T3, R3), common in forests and shrubs. 345. Viburnum lantana L., (mPh, Ec(M), U2,5, T3, R4,5), in shrubs. 346. Viburnum opulus L., (mPh, Cp, U4, T3, R4), in shrubs. ADOXACEAE 347. Adoxa moschatellina L., (H, Cp(bor), U4, T3, R3,5), in decidous for- ests. VALERIANACEAE 348. Valeriana offi cinalis L., (H, Eua(M), U4, T3, R4), in hay-meadows. 349. Valeriana tripteris L., (H, Ec, U3, T0, R4,5), in water-fringe vegeta- tion, in Sebes Valley . 350. Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr, (Th , Ec(M), U3, T3,5, R4), in grass- lands. DIPSACACEAE 351. Dipsacus laciniatus L., (Th , Eua(C), U4, T3,5, R4), common on pas- tures. 352. Dipsacus pilosus L., (TH, Atl-M, U4, T3,5, R4), in weed-communi- ties. 353. Knautia arvensis (L.) Coult, (H, E, U2,5, T3, R0), common in grass- lands. 354. Scabiosa ochroleuca L., (H, Eua(C), U2, T4, R4), common in grass- lands. SOLANALES CONVOLVULACEAE

87 Biologia | Acta Scientiarum Transylvanica, 15/1, 2007

355. Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br, (H, Eua, U4, T3, R4), in water-fringe veg- etation. 356. Convolvulus arvensis L., (H(G), Kozm, U0, T0, R0), in weed-commu- nities. CUSCUTACEAE 357. Cuscuta epithymum (L.) L., (Th , Eua, U0, T3, R0), in grasslands. SOLANACEAE 358. Solanum luteum Mill. ssp. alatum (Moench) Dostal, (Th , Eua(M), U3, T4, R3), on pastures. 359. Solanum dulcamara L., (Ch(nPh), Eua(M), U4,5, T3, R4), on pas- tures. 360. Anchusa offi cinalis L., (H(Th ), E, U2, T3,5, R0), in weed- and ruderal communities. 361. Cerinthe minor L., (TH, P-M, U3, T3, R0), in ruderal communities. 362. Echium vulgare L., (Th , Eua, U2, T3, R4), in weed- and ruderal com- munities, in grasslands. 363. arvensis (L.) Hill, (TH, Eua, U3, T3, R0), in hay-meadows. 364. Myosotis caespitosa F. Schultz, (Th (TH), Cp, U4,5, T0, R0), in hay- meadows. 365. Myosotis ramosissima Rochel, (Th , Eua, U2, T3,5, R4), on pastures. 366. Myosotis scorpioides L., (H(Hh), Eua, U5, T3, R0), in wet hay-mead- ows and water-fringe-vegetation. 367. Myosotis sparsifl ora J.G. Mikan ex Pohl, (Th , Eua(C), U3,5, T3, R4), in oak-forests. 368. Myosotis sylvatica (Ehrh) Hoff m, (H, Eua, U3,5, T3, R3), in forest- fringe-vegetation. 369. Nonea pulla (L.) DC, (TH(H), Eua, U2, T4, R3), in dry grasslands. 370. Pulmonaria mollis Wulfen, (H, Eua, U2,5, T3, R4), in grasslands and shrubs. 371. Pulmonaria offi cinalis L, (H, E, U3,5, T3, R3), in decidous forests. 372. Pulmonaria rubra Schott, (H, Dac-B, U3,5, T2, R3), in beech- and mixed forests. 373. Symphytum cordatum Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd., (H(G), Karp-B, U3,5, T2, R3), in beech- and mixed forests.

88 Kun Annamária

374. Symphytum offi cinale L., (H, Eua, U4, T3, R0), common in grasslands and weed-communities. 375. Symphytum tuberosum L., (H(G), Ec, U3, T3, R3), in oak-forests. SCROPHULARIALES SCROPHULARIACEAE 376. Digitalis grandifl ora Mill., (H, E, U3, T3, R3), in water-fringe-vegeta- tion. 377. Euphrasia stricta D. Wolff , (Th , Ec, U3, T3, R0), in grasslands. 378. Lathraea squamaria L., (G, Eua, U3, T3, R3), in beech- and mixed forests. 379. Linaria vulgaris Mill., (H(Th ), Eua, U2, T3, R4), in dry grasslands. 380. bihariense A.Kern, (Th , Dac-B, U2,5, T3, R3), in oak- forests. 381. Melampyrum cristatum L., (Th , Eua, U2, T3, R5), in dry grasslands. 382. Rhinanthus angustifolius C.C. Gurel, (Th , Eua, U0, T0, R0), in grass- lands. 383. Scrophularia nodosa L., (H, Eua, U3,5, T3, R0), in water-fringe-veg- etation. 384. Scrophularia scopolii Hoppe, (H, P-M, U4, T3, R0), in weed-commu- nities. 385. Scrophularia umbrosa Dumort, (H, Eua, U5, T3,5, R4,5), in decidous forests. 386. Verbascum blattaria L., (H, Kozm, U2,5, T3,5, R3), in hay-meadows. 387. Verbascum phlomoides L., (Th , E, U2,5, T3,5, R4), in weed- and ru- deral communities. 388. agrestis L., (Th , E, U3,5, T2,5, R4), on pastures. 389. Veronica anagallis-aquatica L., (H(Hh), Cp, U5, T0, R4), in water- fringe-vegetation, marshes and springs. 390. Veronica beccabunga L., (Hh(H), Eua, U5, T3, R4), in marshes and springs. 391. Veronica chamaedrys L., (H(Ch), Eua, U3, T0, R0), common in grass- lands. 392. Veronica hederifolia L., (Th , Eua, U2,5, T3, R4), common in decidous forests. 393. Veronica longifolia L., (H, Eua, U4, T3, R4), in water-fringe-vegeta- tion.

89 Biologia | Acta Scientiarum Transylvanica, 15/1, 2007

394. Veronica offi cinalis L., (Ch, Eua, U2, T2, R2), common in decidous forests. 395. Veronica persica Poir., (Th , Adv, U3, T0, R4), in weed-communities. 396. Veronica prostrata L., (Ch, Eua, U2, T4, R3), common in grasslands. 397. Veronica serpyllifolia L., (H, Kozm, U3, T3, R0), in decidous forests. 398. Veronica spicata L., (H(Ch), Eua, U1, T4, R4), in dry grasslands. 399. Veronica scutellata L., (H(Hh), Cp, U4, T3, R4), in marshy grassland. 400. Veronica urticifolia Jacq., (H, Ec, U3, T2,5, R4), in water-fringe-veg- etation. 401. Veronica verna L., (Th , Eua, U2, T2, R3), in dry grasslands. 402. Orobanche artemisiae-campestris Vaucher et Gaudin, (G, Ec, U2, T4, R0), in dry grasslands. 403. Plantago altissima L., (H, B-Pn, U4, T3, R4), in hay-meadows. 404. Plantago lanceolata L., (H, Eua, U0, T0, R0), in hay-meadows. 405. Plantago major L., (H, Eua, U3, T0, R0), in ruderal communities. 406. Plantago maritima L., (H, Eua, U4, T0, R5), on salty soils. 407. Plantago media L., (H, Eua, U2,5, T0, R4,5), in grasslands and ruderal communities. VERBENACEAE 408. Verbena offi cinalis L., (Th (H), Kozm, U3, T3, R4), in weed- and ru- deral communities. 409. Acinos arvensis (Lam) Dandy, (Th (TH), E(M), U1,5, T3,5, R4), in weed-communities. 410. Ajuga genevensis L., (H, Eua(C), U2,5, T3, R4), on pastures. 411. Ajuga reptans L., (H(Ch), E, U3,5, T0, R0), in decidous forests and grasslands. 412. Ballota nigra L., (H(Ch), Ec(M), U2, T3,5, R4), in weed-communi- ties. 413. Betonica offi cinalis L., (H, Eua(M), U3, T3, R0), on pastures. 414. Clinopodium vulgare L., (H, Cp(bor), U2, T3, R3), in oak-forests. 415. Galeopsis ladanum L., (Th , Eua, U2, T0, R4,5), on pastures. 416. Galeopsis speciosa Mill., (Th , Eua(C), U3, T2, R0), in wet forests.

90 Kun Annamária

417. Galeopsis tetrahit L., (H(Ch), P-M, U2,5, T3, R4), in weed-communi- ties. 418. Glechoma hederacea L, (H(Ch), Eua, U3,5, T3, R0), in dry grasslands and ruderal communities. 419. Glechoma hirsuta W et K, (H(Ch), P-M, U2,5, T3, R4), in oak-for- ests. 420. Lamiastrum galeobdolon (L.) Ehrend. & Polatschek, (H(Ch), Ec, U3, T0, R4), in decidous forests. 421. Lamium album L., (H, Eua, U3, T3, R0), in grasslands and ruderal communities. 422. Lamium maculatum L., (H(Ch), E, U3,5, T0, R4), in ruderal commu- nities. 423. Lamium purpureum L., (Th (H), Eua, U3, T0, R4), in weed-communi- ties. 424. Lycopus europaeus L., (Hh, Eua, U5, T3, R0), in marshes and wet grasslands. 425. Lycopus exaltatus L., (Hh, Eua(C), U5, T3, R0), in marshes and wet grasslands. 426. Melittis melissophyllum L., (H, Ec(M), U2,5, T3, R5), in oak and mixed decidous forests. 427. Mentha aquatica L., (Hh(H), Eua, U5, T3, R0), in marshes and wet grasslands. 428. Mentha arvensis L., (H(G), Cp, U4, T3, R0), in weed-communities and waterfringe-vegetation. 429. Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds., (H(G), Eua, U4,5, T3, R0), in water- fringe-vegetation. 430. Mentha spicata L., (H, Atl-M, U3, T3, R0), in waterfringe-vegetation and marshes. 431. Nepeta cataria L., (H(Ch), Eua(M), U3, T3, R4), in dry grasslands. 432. Origanum vulgare L., (H, Eua(M), U2,5, T3, R3), in dry grasslands and shrubs. 433. Prunella grandifl ora (L.) Jacq, (H, E(M), U3, T3, R4,5), in hay-mead- ows. 434. Prunella vulgaris L., (H, Cp, U3, T3, R0), in grasslands. 435. Salvia austriaca Jacq., (H, P-Pn, U2, T3,5, R4), in hay-meadows. 436. Salvia glutinosa L., (H, Eua, U3,5, T4, R3), in waterfringe-vegetation. 437. Salvia nemorosa L., (H, Ec, U2,5, T4, R3), in dry grasslands.

91 Biologia | Acta Scientiarum Transylvanica, 15/1, 2007

438. Salvia pratensis L., (H, E(M), U2,5, T3, R4,5), common in grasslands. 439. Salvia verticillata L., (H, Ec(M), U2, T4, R0), in dry grasslands. 440. hastifolia L., (H, E, U5, T3, R3), in hay-meadows and wa- terfringe-vegetation. 441. Stachys germanica L, (H(TH), P-M, U2, T4, R3), on pastures. 442. Stachys recta L, (H, P-M, U2, T4, R4,5), on pastures. 443. Stachys sylvatica L., (H, Eua, U3,5, T0, R0), in decidous forests. 444. Teucrium chamaedrys L., (Ch, Ec(M), U2, T3,5, R4), on pastures. 445. Th ymus glabrescens Willd., (Ch, P-Pn, U2, T4, R0), on pastures. 446. Th ymus pannonicus All, (Ch, Eua(C), U1,5, T3,5, R4), on pastures. 447. Th ymus pulegioides L., (Ch, Ec, U2,5, T3, R3), on pastures. CAMPANULALES CAMPANULACEAE 448. Campanula glomerata L., (H, Eua, U2,5, T3, R4), in hay-meadows. 449. Campanula patula L., (TH, E, U3, T2,5, R3), in hay-meadows. 450. Campanula persicifolia L., (H, Eua(M), U3, T3, R0), in oak-forests. 451. Campanula rapunculoides L., (H, Eua, U3, T2, R0), in oak- and mixed decidous forests. 452. Phyteuma spicatum L., (H, E, U3, T0, R0; GR: R), in oak-forests. 453. Achillea asplenifolia Vent, (H, Pn, U3, T4, R4,5; WWF: EN), in hay- meadows. 454. Achillea collina Becker, (H, Ec, U2, T3, R3), on salty soils. 455. Achillea millefolium L., (H, Eua, U3, T0, R0), in grasslands. 456. Achillea ptarmica L., (H, Eua, U4,5, T0, R2,5; GR: R), in wet hay- meadows. 457. Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn., (H(Ch), Cp, U3, T1, R2,5), in dry grasslands. 458. Aposeris foetida (L.) Less, (H, Ec, U3, T2,5, R3), in decidous forests. 459. Arctium lappa L., (TH, Eua(M), U3, T3, R4), in ruderal communi- ties. 460. Arctium tomentosum Mill., (TH, Eua, U3, T0, R5), in ruderal commu- nities. 461. Artemisia absinthium L., (Ch(H), Eua(M), U2, T3,5, R0), in ruderal communities.

92 Kun Annamária

462. Artemisia vulgaris L., (H(Ch), Cp, U3, T3, R4), in ruderal communi- ties. 463. Aster linosyris (L.) Bernh., (H, Eua(C), U5, T0, R5), on salty soils. 464. Aster tripolium L., (H, Eua(M), U5, T0, R5), on salty soils. 465. Bellis perennis L., (H, E(M), U3, T2,5, R0), in pastures near Fiţcău. 466. Bidens cernuus L, (Th , Eua, U5, T0, R0), in marshes and waterfringe- vegetation. 467. Bidens tripartitus L, (Th , Eua, U4,5, T3, R0), in marshes and water- fringe-vegetation. 468. Carduus acanthoides L, (TH, E(M), U2, T3, R0), on pastures and ru- deral communities. 469. Carlina acaulis L, (H, Ec(M), U2,5, T0, R0), on pastures. 470. Carlina vulgaris L, (TH(H), Eua(M), U2,5, T3, R0), in grasslands. 471. Centaurea cyanus L, (Th , Kozm, U3, T4, R0), in cultivated lands. 472. Centaurea jacea L, (H, Eua, U3, T0, R0), in wet hay-meadows. 473. Centaurea macroptilon Borb, (H, Ec, U3, T3, R3), in wet hay-mead- ows. 474. Centaurea phrygia L., (H, Ec, U3, T2,5, R3), in wet hay-meadows. 475. Centaurea pseudophrygia C.A.Mey., (H, Ec, U3, T0, R3), in wet hay- meadows. 476. Cichorium intybus L., (H(TH), Eua, U2,5, T3,5, R4,5), in grasslands and ruderal communities. 477. arvense (L.) Scop, (G, Eua(M), U0, T0, R0), in weed-commu- nities. 478. Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop, (H, Eua, U4, T3, R4), in marshes and waterfringe-vegetation. 479. Cirsium rivulare (Jacq.) All., (H, Ec, U4, T3,5, R0), in wet hay-mead- ows. 480. Crepis biennis L., (TH, E, U3, T3, R4), in wet hay-meadows. 481. Crepis tectorum L., (Th , Eua(C), U2,5, T0, R0), in clearcuttings. 482. Doronicum austriacum Jacq., (G(H), Ec(mont), U2, T3, R4), in water- fringe-vegetation in Sebes-valley. 483. Erigeron annuus (L) Pers. ssp strigosus (Muhl et Willd) Wagenitz, (Th , Adv, U4, T0, R4), in waterfringe-vegetation. 484. Erigeron canadensis L., (Th (TH), Adv, U2,5, T0, R0), in weed-com- munities.

93 Biologia | Acta Scientiarum Transylvanica, 15/1, 2007

485. Eupatorium cannabinum L., (H, Eua(M), U4, T3, R0), in waterfringe- vegetation. 486. Galinsoga parvifl ora Cav, (Th , Adv, U3,5, T0, R3), in weed-communi- ties. 487. Gnaphalium sylvaticum L, (H, Cp, U3, T3, R3), in hay-meadows. 488. Helianthus decapetalus L., (H, Adv, U3,5, T3, R4), in waterfringe-veg- etation. 489. Hieracium aurantiacum L, (H, Eua, U2,5, T2,5, R2), in wet hay-mead- ows. 490. Hieracium murorum L., (H, Eua, U3, T0, R3), in beech-forests. 491. Hieracium pilosella L., (H, Eua(M), U2,5, T0, R0), in dry grasslands. 492. Inula britannica L., (TH(H), Eua(M), U3, T3, R0), in hay-meadows. 493. Lactuca serriola Torner, (Th (TH), Eua(M), U1,5, T3,5, R0), in hay- meadows. 494. Lapsana communis L., (Th (TH), Eua(M), U2,5, T3, R3), in beech-for- ests. 495. Leontodon hispidus L., (H, Eua, U2,5, T0, R0), in hay-meadows. 496. Leucanthemum vulgare Lam., (H, Eua, U3, T0, R0), common in hay- meadows. 497. Matricaria chamomilla L., (Th , Eua(M), U3, T3, R0), in ruderal com- munities. 498. Matricaria inodora L, (Th (TH), Eua, U0, T3, R3,5), in ruderal com- munities. 499. Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort, (H, E, U3, T3, R0), in decidous forests. 500. Petasites albus (L.) Gaertn., (G(H), Eua, U3,5, T0, R0), in waterfringe- vegetation. 501. Picris hieracioides L., (TH(H), Eua, U1,5, T3, R4), in grasslands and ruderal communities. 502. Rudbeckia laciniata L., (H, Adv, U4,5, T4, R4), in waterfringe-vegeta- tion. 503. Scorzonera purpurea L., (H, Ec, U2, T4, R4), in grasslands. 504. Senecio erucifolius L., (H, Eua, U3, T3,5, R4,5), on salty soils. 505. Senecio jacobaea L., (H, Eua, U2,5, T3, R3), in hay-meadows. 506. Senecio vulgaris L., (Th (TH), Eua, U3, T0, R0), in weed-communi- ties. 507. Serratula tinctoria L., (H, Eua(M), U3,5, T3, R0), in wet hay-mead- ows.

94 Kun Annamária

508. Solidago virgaurea L, (H, Cp, U2,5, T3, R3), in oak-forests and grass- lands. 509. Sonchus arvensis L, (H, Eua (Cosm), U3, T3, R4), in weed-communi- ties. 510. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, (Th , Eua, U3,5, T3, R4), in weed-communi- ties. 511. Sonchus oleraceus L, (Th , Eua, U2,5, T3, R4,5), in weed-communi- ties. 512. Tanacetum corymbosum (L.) Sch.Bip., (H, Eua(M), U2,5, T2,5, R3), in oak-forests. 513. Tanacetum vulgare L, (H, Eua, U3, T3, R0), in dry grasslands. 514. Taraxacum offi cinale Weber, (H, Eua (cosm), U3, T0, R0), in grass- lands, ruderal and weed-communities, in decidous forests. 515. Tragopogon pratensis L., (TH(H), Eua, U3, T3, R4), in hay-meadows. 516. Tussilago farfara L., (G(H), Eua, U3,5, T0, R4,5), on eroded soils. MONOCOTYLEDONOPSIDA ALISMATALES BUTOMACEAE 517. Butomus umbellatus L., (Hh, Eua(M), U6, T3, R0), in marshes and ponds. ALISMATACEAE 518. Alisma lanceolatum Wither, (Hh, Eua, U6, T0, R4), in wet grasslands and marshes. 519. Alisma plantago-aquatica L., (Hh, Kozm, U6, T0, R0), in wet grass- lands and marshes. HYDROCHARITALES HYDROCHARITACEAE 520. Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L., (Hh, Eua, U6, T3,5, R3,5), in ponds. NAJADALES JUNCAGINACEAE 521. Triglochin maritima L., (H, Kozm, U4, T0, R4), in wet and salty grass- lands. 522. Triglochin palustre L., (H, Cp, U5, T0, R0), in wet and salty grass- lands. ZANNICHELLIACEAE 523. Zannichellia palustris L., (Hh, Eua(M), U6, T0, R4), in salty lakes. DIOSCOREALES

95 Biologia | Acta Scientiarum Transylvanica, 15/1, 2007

TRILLIACEAE 524. Paris quadrifolia L., (H, Eua, U3,5, T0, R4), in decidous forests. ASPARAGACEAE 525. Maianthemum bifolium (L.) F.W. Schmidt, (G, Eua, U3, T3, R0), in decidous forests. 526. Polygonatum latifolium (Jacq) Desf, (G, P-Pn-B, U3, T3,5, R4), in de- cidous forests. 527. Polygonatum multifl orum (L.) All, (G, E, U3, T3, R3), in decidous for- ests. 528. Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce, (G, Eua(M), U2, T3, R4), in de- cidous forests. 529. Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All., (G, E, U3, T2,5, R2,5), in decidous and mixed (spruce) forests. HYACINTHACEAE 530. Muscari comosus (L.) Mill., (G, Ec(M), U1,5, T3,5, R0), in dry grass- lands. 531. Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill., (G, Ec(M), U2,5, T3,5, R4), in dry grass- lands. 532. Scilla bifolia L., (G, E, U3,5, T3, R4), in decidous forests. ALLIACEAE 533. Allium atropurpureum Waldst&Kit, (G, Pn-B, U2,5, T3, R4), in dry grasslands. 534. Allium ericetorum Th ore, (G, Alp-Karp, U0, T2, R0), on salty soils. 535. Allium scodoroprasum L., (G, Ec(M), U2, T3, R4), in dry grasslands. 536. Allium ursinum L., (G, E, U3,5, T3,5, R4), in beech-forests. 537. Galanthus nivalis L., (G, E(M), U3,5, T3, R4; HD: A5), in oak-forests. 538. Narcissus poëticus L. ssp. radiifl orus (Salisb.) Baker, (G, Ec(mont), U3, T2,5, R0; WWF: EN; GR: R), in wet hay-meadows. MELIANTHACEAE 539. Veratrum album L., (G, Eua, U4, T2,5, R4), in wet grasslands and oak- forests. COLCHICACEAE 540. Colchicum autumnale L., (G, E(M), U3,5, T3, R4, in grasslands.

96 Kun Annamária

541. Anthericum ramosum L., (G, Ec(M), U2,5, T3,5, R4), in oak-forests. 542. Convallaria majalis L., (G, E, U2,5, T3, R3), in oak-forests. 543. Erythronium dens-canis L., (G, Eua, U3,5, T3,5, R4; WWF: VU), in decidous forests. 544. Fritillaria meleagris L., (G, E(M), U4, T3,5, R4; WWF: EN; GR: VU), in wet grasslands. 545. Fritillaria orientalis Adams, (G, B-Kauk, U3, T3, R4; WWF: EN; GR: VU), in oak-forests. 546. pratensis (Pers) Dumort, (G, Ec, U2, T3, R3), in oak-forests. 547. Gagea lutea (L.) Ker-Gawl, (G, Eua, U3,5, T0, R3), in dry grasslands. 548. Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L., (G, Adv), escaped from cultivated areas. 549. Lilium martagon L., (G, Eua, U3, T0, R4), in decidous forests. 550. Ornithogalum boucheanum (Kunth) Aschers, (G, P-B, U2,5, T4, R4), in hay-meadows. 551. Ornithogalum umbellatum L., (G, Ec(M), U0, T3,5, R4), on pastures. 552. banaticus Gay, (G, Dac-B, U3, T3, R0; WWF: EN), in oak- and mixed forests. 553. Crocus heuff elianus Herb, (G, Karp-B, U3, T1, R2), on pastures (Iod- clearing). 554. Gladiolus imbricatus L., (G, Eua(C), U4, T3, R3), in wet hay-mead- ows. 555. graminea L., (G, Ec-sM, U2, T3,5, R4), in oak-forests. 556. Iris pseudacorus L., (G(Hh), E, U5,5, T0, R0), in waterfringe-vegeta- tion. 557. L., (G, P-Pn, U2, T0, R0), in dry grasslands (Ideciu). 558. Iris ruthenica Ker-Gawl, (G, Dac-Kauk, U4,5, T3,5, R4,5), in oak- and mixed forests. 559. L., (G, Eua(C), U4,5, T3, R4,5; WWF: EN; GR: R), in wet hay-meadows. ORCHIDALES 560. Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill) Druce, (G, E(M), U2,5, T3, R4), in decidous forests. 561. Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch, (G, E, U2,5, T3, R4), in decidous forests.

97 Biologia | Acta Scientiarum Transylvanica, 15/1, 2007

562. Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soo, (G, Eua, U4, T3, R0), in wet hay- meadows. 563. Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soo, (G, Eua(M), U0, T0, R0; GR: R), in wet hay-meadows. 564. Dactylorhiza majalis (Rchb.) P. F. Hunt & Summerh., (G, Ec, U4,5, T3, R4), in wet hay-meadows. 565. Dactylorhiza saccifera (Brongn) Soó, (G, E(mont), U4, T2, R2), in shrubs. 566. Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz, (G, Eua, U3, T3, R3), in decidous forests. 567. Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Br, (G, Eua, U4, T0, R4,5), in wet hay- meadows. 568. Listera ovata (L.) R. Br, (G, Eua(M), U3,5, T0, R4), in wet hay-mead- ows and decidous forests. 569. Neottia nidus-avis (L.) L.C.M. Rich, (G, Eua(M), U3,5, T3, R3), in de- cidous forests. 570. Orchis coriophora L., (G, E(M), U4, T0, R4,5; GR: R), in grasslands. 571. Orchis laxifl ora Lam ssp. elegans Heuff , (G, Eua(M), U4, T3, R0; GR: R), in wet hay-meadows. 572. Orchis morio L., (G, Ec, U2,5, T3, R4; GR: R), common in grasslands. 573. Orchis purpurea Huds, (G, Eua, U2,5, T4, R4,5), in oak-forests. 574. bifolia (L.) L.C.M. Rich, (G, Eua(M), U3,5, T0, R3), in decidous forests. 575. Platanthera chlorantha (Cust) Rchb., (G, Eua(M), U3,5, T3, R3), in mixed forests (Ideciu). JUNCALES JUNCACEAE 576. Juncus articulatus L., (H, Cp, U5, T2, R0), in wet hay-meadows. 577. Juncus atratus Krock, (H, Eua, U4, T3, R4), in wet hay-meadows. 578. Juncus compressus Jacq., (G, Eua, U4, T3, R4), in wet hay-meadows. 579. Juncus eff usus L., (H, Kozm, U4,5, T3, R3), in marshes. 580. Juncus gerardi Lois, (G, Cp, U4,5, T3,5, R0), in wet hay-meadows. 581. Juncus subnodulosus Schrank, (Hh, E, U4,5, T3,5, R0), in wet hay- meadows. 582. Juncus tenuis Willd, (H, Adv, U3,5, T3, R4), on salty soils. 583. Luzula campestris (L.) DC, (H, E(M), U3, T0, R3), common in grass- lands.

98 Kun Annamária

584. Luzula luzuloides (Lam) Dandy et Willmont, (H, E, U2,5, T2,5, R2), in forests. 585. Luzula multifl ora (Ehrh) Lej, (H, Cp, U3, T2, R2), in oak-forest. 586. Luzula pilosa (L.) Willd, (H, Eua, U2,5, T2, R0), in beech-forest. CYPERALES 587. Blysmus compressus (L.) Panz, (G, Eua, U4,5, T4, R4), in wet hay- meadows. 588. acuta L., (Hh(G), Eua, U5, T3, R0), in marshy grasslands. 589. Carex acutiformis Ehrh., (Hh, Eua(M), U6, T3, R4), in marshy grass- lands. 590. Carex brizoides L., (H(G), Ec, U3,5, T3, R2), in oak-forests and hay- meadows. 591. Carex caryophyllea Latourr, (G, Eua(M), U2, T2,5, R0), in oak-for- ests. 592. Carex depressa Link. ssp. transsilvanica (Schur) T.V. Egorova, (H, Karp-B, U3, T3, R4), in shrubs and dry grasslands. 593. Carex digitata L., (H, E, U3, T3, R3), in oak-forests. 594. Carex disticha Huds, (G(Hh), Eua, U5, T3, R4), in wet hay-meadows. 595. Carex divisa Huds, (G, Eua, U4, T3,5, R5), in wet hay-meadows. 596. Carex echinata Murray, (H, Cp, U5, T2, R1), in hay-meadows. 597. Carex elata All, (Hh, E, U5, T2,5, R4), in marshy grasslands. 598. Carex fl ava L., (H, Cp, U4,5, T3, R0), in marshy grasslands. 599. Carex hartmanii Cajander, (G, Kozm, U4,5, T0, R0), in hay-meadows and marshy grasslands. 600. Carex hirta L., (G, E(M), U0, T3, R0), in ruderal communities. 601. Carex hordeistichos Vill, (H, Pn-P-M, U4, T4, R4), in wet grasslands. 602. Carex humilis Leyss., (H, Eua(C), U2, T3, R4,5), in dry grasslands. 603. Carex michelii Host, (G, Ec-P, U2, T3, R4), in oak-forests. 604. Carex montana L., (H, Eua, U2, T2,5, R0), in oak-forests. 605. Carex ovalis Good, (H, Eua, U4, T2,5, R3), in grasslands. 606. Carex pairae F. Schultz, (H, Eua, U3, T3, R0), in oak-forests. 607. Carex pallescens L., (H, Cp, U3,5, T3, R3), in oak-forests and wet grasslands. 608. Carex panicea L., (H(G), Eua, U3,5, T3, R0), in wet grasslands. 609. Carex pilosa Scop, (H, Eua, U2,5, T3, R3), in beech-forests. 610. Carex pilulifera L., (H, Eua(bor), U3, T2,5, R2), in mixed forests.

99 Biologia | Acta Scientiarum Transylvanica, 15/1, 2007

611. Carex riparia Curtis, (Hh, Eua(M), U5, T4, R4), in marshes and marshy grasslands. 612. Carex rostrata Stokes, (Hh, Cp, U5, T2, R0), in marshes and marshy grasslands. 613. Carex sylvatica Huds, (H, E, U3,5, T3, R4), in forests. 614. Carex vulpina L., (Hh(H), Eua(M), U4, T3, R4), in marshes and marshy grasslands. 615. Carex tomentosa L, (G, Eua(M), U3, T3, R0), common in wet grass- lands. 616. Cyperus fuscus L., (Th , Eua(M), U6, T3, R4), on salty soils. 617. Eleocharis ovata (Roth) Rilm&Schult, (Th , Cp(bor), U4,5, T4, R0), in marshes and marshy grasslands. 618. Eleocharis palustris (L.) R. Br, (G(Hh), Kozm, U5, T0, R4), in marshes and marshy grasslands. 619. Scirpus lacustris L. ssp. lacustris (L.) Palla, (Hh(G), Kozm, U6, T3, R4), in marshes and marshy grasslands. 620. Scirpus sylvaticus L., (Hh(G), Cp, U4,5, T3, R0), in wet grasslands. TYPHALES TYPHACEAE 621. Typha latifolia L., (Hh, Kozm, U6, T3,5, R0), in marshes and marshy grasslands. POACEAE 622. Agrostis capillaris L., (H, Cp(bor), U0, T0, R0), in grasslands. 623. Agrostis stolonifera L., (H, Cp(bor), U4, T0, R0), in hay-meadows. 624. Alopecurus aequalis Sobol, (H, Cp, U5, T3, R5), in wet grasslands. 625. Alopecurus pratensis L., (H, Eua, U4, T3, R0), common in hay-mead- ows. 626. Anthoxanthum odoratum L., (H, Eua, U0, T0, R0), common in grass- lands. 627. Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv, (H, E(M), U3, T3, R4), common in hay-meadows. 628. Avenula pubescens (Huds) Dumort, (H, Eua, U3,5, T2,5, R4), common in hay-meadows. 629. Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) Beauv, (H, Eua(M), U2,5, T4, R4), in oak-forests. 630. Briza media L., (H, Eua, U0, T3, R0), common in hay-meadows.

100 Kun Annamária

631. Bromus hordaceus L. ssp. hordaceus L., (Th , Eua, U0, T3, R0), in hay- meadows. 632. Bromus inermis Leyss, (H, Eua(C), U2,5, T4, R4), in forestfringe-veg- etation. 633. Bromus sterilis L., (Th , Eua(M), U2, T4, R4), in ruderal communities. 634. Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth, (H(G), Eua, U2,5, T3, R2), in weed-communities. 635. Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth, (H(G), Eua(M), U2, T3, R0), in de- cidous forests. 636. Catabrosa aquatica (L.) Beauv., (H, Cp(bor), U5, T2,5, R4), on salty soils. 637. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers, (G(H), Kozm, U2, T3,5, R0), in weed- and ruderal communities. 638. Cynosurus cristatus L., (H, E, U3, T3, R3), in grasslands. 639. Dactylis glomerata L., (H, Eua(M), U3, T0, R4), in hay-meadows. 640. Dactylis glomerata L. ssp. aschersoniana (Graebn) Th ell, (H(G), Ec, U3, T0, R4), in oak-forests. 641. Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) Beauv, (H, Kozm, U4, T0, R0), in hay- meadows. 642. Deschampsia fl exuosa (L.) Th ell, (H, Cp, U2, T0, R1), in mixed (beech and spruce) forests. 643. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv, (TH, Kozm, U4, T0, R3), in weed- communities. 644. Elymus repens (L.) Gould, (G, Eua, U0, T0, R0), in weed-communi- ties. 645. Festuca altissima All., (H, E, U3,5, T3, R4), in oak-forests. 646. Festuca pratensis Huds, (H, Eua, U3,5, T0, R0), common in hay-mead- ows. 647. Festuca pseudovina Hackel et Wiesb, (H, Eua(C), U2, T4, R4), com- mon in grasslands. 648. Glyceria fl uitans (L.) R. Br, (Hh(H), Eua, U5, T3, R0), in marshes and ponds. 649. Hierochloë odorata (L.) P. B., (H, Ec, U2,5, T2,5, R3; GR: R), in shrubs. 650. Holcus lanatus L, (H, Eua, U3,5, T3, R0), common in hay-meadows. 651. Hordelymus europaeus (L.) C.O.Harz, (H, E, U3,5, T3, R3), in de- cidous forests.

101 Biologia | Acta Scientiarum Transylvanica, 15/1, 2007

652. Hordeum murinum Huds, (Th , Atl-M, U2, T4, R3), in ruderal com- munities. 653. Koeleria pyramidata (Lam) Beauv, (H, Ec, U2,5, T3, R4), in dry grass- lands. 654. Lolium perenne L, (H, Eua(M), U2,5, T4, R4,5), in hay-meadows and pastures. 655. Melica unifl ora Retz, (H, E, U2,5, T3, R4), in decidous forests. 656. Milium eff usum L, (H, Cp(bor), U3,5, T3, R3), in oak-forests. 657. Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench, (H, Eua, U4, T3, R0), in grasslands and on salty soils. 658. Nardus stricta L, (H, E, U0, T0, R1,5), on pastures (Vătava). 659. Phalaris arundinacea L., (Hh(H), Cp(bor), U5, T3, R0), in wet hay- meadows. 660. Phleum pratense L, (H, Eua(M), U3,5, T0, R0), common in hay-mead- ows. 661. Phragmites australis Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., (Hh, Kozm, U5, T0, R4), common in marshes and ponds. 662. Poa angustifolia L, (H, Eua, U2, T3, R0), on pastures. 663. Poa annua L., (Th (H), Kozm, U3,5, T0, R0), in ruderal communities. 664. Poa nemoralis L., (H, Cp, U3, T3, R0), in decidous forests and shrubs. 665. Poa pratensis L, (H, Cp, U3, T0, R0), common in hay-meadows. 666. Poa trivialis L, (H, Eua, U4, T0, R0), common in grasslands. 667. Puccinellia distans (L.) Parl., (H, Eua(K), U3,5, T0, R5), on salty soils. 668. Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv, (Th , Subcosm, U2, T4, R0), in weed-com- munities. 669. Trisetum fl avescens (L.) Beauv, (H, Ec(M), U0, T2, R0), common in hay-meadows. LEMNACEAE 670. Lemna minor L., (Hh, Kozm, U6, T0, R0), in ponds.

Discussion

Until the end of 2006 670 taxons (species and subspecies) were described in the area. Th e importance of this list is, that until now, there was no fl oristic data available for the area. Previous studies were

102 Kun Annamária made only for the Mureş Valley, in its whole length, and only for the minor riverbed (Drăgulescu 1995, Walz 1879), and not for the hydrographic basin. Finding places are not specifi ed in the study, that is why it is impossible to compare the results. Th e 670 taxons are included in 102 families. Th e most populated fami- lies, with more than 30 species/family, are, in decreasing order: Asteraceae (64 species), Poaceae (47 species), Fabaceae (40 species), Lamiaceae (39 species), Rosaceae (34 species), Cyperaceae (33 species). Th e analysis of the fl oristic elements shows that the area’s fl ora is char- acterized by the predominance of the Eurasian (47,43%), European (15,85%) and Central-European (10,42%) element. Th e Carpathian, Dacic, Balcanic and endemic species are about 3,15 % of the total amount of the species, as shown on fi g. 2.

Figure 2. Distribution of species between fl oristic-element categories. 2. ábra: A fajok megoszlása a különböző fl óraelem-kategóriák között.

Th e analysis of life forms shows some characteristics of the biotopes and the infl uences exerted on them by diff erent factors. Th e very high percent- age of hemicryptophytes (50,3%), is closely connected to the large surfaces of grasslands and the presence of the grass-layer in diff erent other habitats. Th e therophytes (14,76%) are the manifestation of the warmer climate, due

103 Biologia | Acta Scientiarum Transylvanica, 15/1, 2007

Figure 3. Distribution of species in life-form cathegories. 3. ábra: A fajok megoszlása a különböző életforma-kategóriák között. to the Transylvanian Basin’s infl uence in diff erent areas. Th e presence of geophytes (14%) indicates surfaces in the area, where spring and summer light-conditions diff er signifi cantly (forests and coppices) (fi g. 3). Analyzing the humidity (U) needs of the plant-species, we can see that most of the species belong to the mesophytic category (U3-3,5 – 41,53%), followed by the xeromesophilous species (U2-2,5 – 30,53%). Th e presence of mesohygrophytic (U4-4,5), hygrophytic (U5-5,5) and hydrophytic (U6) species in a considerable amount (22,28%) is explained by the presence of marshes and wet habitats in the area. Concerning the temperature factor (T), the richness of the microme- sothermic species (T3-3,5) holding for 60% can be noticed as the area is situated in a moderate climate with an annual mean temperature of about 8-9°C. Th e microthermic (T2-2,5 – 11,59%) and the mesotermophilous (T4-4,5 – 9,76%) species are present in almost the same percentage, howev- er with a small deviation in the direction of microtherophytes, fact, which reveals the not too warm climate in the area. We must also notice the rela- tively high percentage of eurithermic species (T0 – 17,68%) In soil reaction (R), one can notice the abundance of the weaker acid- neutrophiluos (R4-4,5 – 38,36%) euryionic (R0 – 31,81%) respectively the acid-neutrophilous (R3-3,5 21,92%) species. Th is distribution refl ects the

104 Kun Annamária

Figure 4. Ecological preferences of the listed species. 4. ábra: A fajok ökológiai preferenciái. existence of the brown podsolic, clayey podsoled, acid brown and salty soils, developed partly on volcanic rocks. Th e ecological preferences’ study is refl ected in fi g. 4.

Conclusions

1. Until this moment, the species-list of the studied area contains 670 tax- ons (species and subspecies), included in 102 families. 2. Th e area’s fl ora is characterized by the predominance of the Eurasian element. 3. Th e life forms reveal the large grass-covered area, as well as the tem- perate continental infl uence. 4. From the ecological point of view, the area is mesophilous to mes- oxerophilous, micromesothermic to microthermic and weaker acid-neu- trophiluos to acid-neutrophiluos.

105 Biologia | Acta Scientiarum Transylvanica, 15/1, 2007

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank this way especially to Kun Csaba, who helped me a lot during the fi eld-study and with the mapping. I also want to thank Kecskés Attila, for joining me in the fi eld-work.

References

Anderberg, A, Anderberg, A.-L., (2007): Den virtuella fl oran. Naturhisto- riska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, www.nrm.se. Balás, Á. (1999): Maros megye – útikönyv. Pallas-Akadémia Könyvkiadó, Miercurea Ciuc, Romania. Buttler, K.P. (2000): Orchideák. Magyar Könyvklub, Budapest, Hungary. Ciocârlan, V. (2000): Flora ilustrată a României. Ed. Ceres, Bucureşti, Ro- mania. Drăgulescu, C. (1995): Th e fl ora and vegetation of the Mureş (Maros) Val- ley. in: Hamar, J., Sárkány-Kiss, A. (eds.) (1995): Th e Maros/Mureş River Valley. Tiscia monograph series 1, Szolnok – Szeged – Târgu Mureş, Hungary – Romania, pp. 47–111. Grau, J., Kremer, B.P., Möseler, B.M., Rambold, G., Triebel, D. (1998): Füvek. Magyar Könyvklub, Budapest, Hungary. Höhn, M. (1998): A Kelemen-havasok növényzetéről. Mentor Kiadó, Ma- rosvásárhely. Mac, I. (1972): Subcarpaţii Transilvaniei dintre Mureş şi Olt. Ed. Acade- miei, Bucureşti, Romania. Sanda, V., Popescu, A., Doltu, M.I., Doniţă, N. (1983): Caracterizarea ecologică şi fi tocenologică a speciilor spontane din fl ora României. Muzeul Brukenthal, Sibiu, Romania. Sârbu, A, Coldea, G., Negrean, G., Cristea, V., Hanganu, J., Veen, P. (2003): Grasslands of Romania. Final Report on National Grassland In- ventory 2000–2003, Universitatea Bucureşti, Bucureşti, Romania. Săvulescu, T. (1951-1976): Flora R.P.R./R.S.R., vol. I–XIII. Ed. Academică, Bucureşti, Romania. Simon, T. (2000): A magyarországi edényes fl óra határozója. Nemzeti Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest, Hungary

106 Kun Annamária

Walz, L. (1879): A Görgény hegységben, a Maros mentén és Borszék vidékén 1878 nyarán gyűjtött növények jegyzéke. Magy. Növ. Lapok, 3: 65–72. Witkowski, Z.J. (ed.) (2003): Carpathian List of Endangered Species. WWF and Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Scienc- es, Vienna – Krakow, – Poland. *** (2005): Anuarul statistic al judeţului Mureş, ediţia 2005. Institutul Naţional de Statistică, Direcţia Judeţeană de Statistică Mureş, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania.

Adatok a Maros felső szakasza vízgyűjtő medencéjének fl órájához

Kivonat

A Maros egyike a legfontosabb folyóknak a vízgyűjtőjében. Az álta- lunk tanulmányozott terület nagysága kb. 42 000 hektár és 400–1470 m tengerszint fölötti magasságon helyezkedik el. Jelen tanulmány az e területről kimutatott növényfajokat mutatja be, összesen 670 taxont. Minden faj esetében megadjuk az életforma- és a fl ó- raelem-kategóriát, az ökológiai preferenciát és a védettségi státust. A fl óraelem-kategóriák megoszlása alapján elmondható, hogy a vizs- gált terület fl óráját az eurázsiai elemek dominanciája jellemzi. A kárpáti, dacikus, balkáni és endémikus fajok körülbelül 3,15%-ot tesznek ki. Élet- forma-kategóriák szerint a fajok nagy része hemikriptofi ton, s ez szoros összefüggésben van azzal, hogy a vizsgált területen nagykiterjedésű füves területek találhatók, illetve dús az aljnövényzet más élőhelytípusokban is. Az ökológiai preferenciák elemzése révén kiderül, hogy a fajok többsége mezofi ton (U3–3,5), mikromezoterm (T3–3,5), és enyhén acido-neutrofi l (R4–4,5).

107