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Beach Tourism in Nigeria: a Case Study of Elegushi Beach Resort, Lagos State

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Beach Tourism in Nigeria: a Case Study of Elegushi Beach Resort, Lagos State BEACH TOURISM IN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF ELEGUSHI BEACH RESORT, LAGOS STATE. BY OKOYE, CHINENYE N. PG/MA/12/62766 A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND TOURISM, FACULTY OFARTS, UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF ARTS DEGREE IN CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENTAND TOURISM FEBRUARY, 2014 i TITLE PAGE BEACH TOURISM IN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF ELEGUSHI BEACH RESORT, LAGOS STATE i APPROVAL PAGE BEACH TOURISM IN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF ELEGUSHI BEACH RESORT, LAGOS STATE BY OKOYE, CHINENYE N. PG/MA/12/62766 THIS PROJECT HAS BEEN APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND TOURISM, UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA. BY ______________________ ______________________ SUPERVISOR EXTERRNAL EXAMINER ______________________ _______________________ HEAD OF DEPARTMENT DEAN OF FACULTY ii CERTIFICATION OKOYE, CHINENYE NGOZI, a Post-graduate student in the Department of Archaeology/Tourism with Registration Number, PG/MA/12/62766, has satisfactorily completed the requirements for courses and the research work for the Master of Arts Degree in Cultural Resources Management and Tourism. The work embodied in this project report is original and has not been submitted in part or in full for any other diploma or degree of this or any other university. __________________________ __________________________ DR. L. C. EKECHUKWU PROF. E. E. OKAFOR (SUPERVISOR) (HEAD OF DEPARTMENT) _______________________________ EXTERNAL EXAMINER iii DEDICATION This project is dedicated to God Almighty and to my beloved parents (Mr. and Mrs. Emma Okoye). iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To God be the glory for keeping me alive all through this programme and during my research study. It is my wish to acknowledge my beloved parents Mr. Emma Okoye (Okpuzoenweilo) and Mrs. T.N. Okoye (Ojiefi) for their parental love, guidance and financial support all through this Masters programme. Also to my siblings: Emmanuel (Chief), Nneka, Mr. and Mrs. Jude Okoye, Emeka, (my twin) Okey, Ikenna, Obiora and my cousins, Izuchukwu, Nneka, Ijeoma and other relations who have assisted me in one way or the other to see that this research study was a resounding success. To my able supervisor Dr. L.C Ekechukwu, at whose advice, guidance and ideas this project was written and based on experience, valuable contributions/suggestions were made when necessary. Also, for his relentless assistance during my admission into this masters programme. To all the lecturers that taught me in this programme Prof. A.I. Okpoko and others, I say a very big thank you. I wish to acknowledge and appreciate the contributions of Dr. A.M. Ibeanu, for his directives and fatherly assistance all through my research study and this programme. I would like to specially thank Prof. P.U. Okpoko, it was because of your unrelenting efforts that I am able to partake in this programme. I also appreciate the contributions of Dr. E. I. Itanyi, Dr. P.I. Eze-Uzomaka, Mr. E.E Okonkwo, Mr. and Mrs. Uche Ngonadi in this research study. I would like to thank all the academic and non academic staff of the Department of Archaeology and Tourism for their help. I will not forget to mention and appreciate all my classmates/friends: Ogechukwu, Akintunde, Nneoma, Afam, Kenechukwu and Ifeoma for that unity among us and I wish it continues. To Onyi, Oluchi and all my friends, a very big thank you for your help. I am grateful to all my informants who made this research a huge success. To Oba Elegushi and the members of Elegushi family for their help and for granting me access in to Elegushi Beach Resort. Again to the institutions that helped me (Ministry of Tourism and Inter-governmental Relations, Citizenship and Leadership Training Centre (CLTC), the Sea School and Elegushi Beach Resort), I say a very big Thank You. v Lastly, I may have omitted so many people but I implore you to see it as unintentional and I pray that God in his infinite mercy will continue to bless you and reward you greatly in Jesus Name. Amen Okoye, Chinenye N. vi ABSTRACT This research work is divided into five chapters. It highlighted on beach tourism in Nigeria, a case study of Elegushi Beach Resort, Ikate Kingdom in Lagos State as well as other parts of the world. Chapter one discusses about beach/coastal tourism generally all over the world with particular reference to Nigeria. The challenges being faced for sustainable tourism, how beach tourism has a low recognition in Nigeria, the objectives of this research, the methods of data collection and analysis, the scope of study as well as its significance and relevance to Lagos State in particular, the nation as a whole and also to all lovers of tourism and beaches. The limitation of study was experienced and discussed in the course of study and the explanations of terms relating to beach tourism. Chapter two laid emphasis on theories used for this research work and its relevance to the work. Chapter three centers on the background information of Lagos State, Ikate town In Eti-Osa Local Government, its climate and vegetation, the socio-cultural, political and economic activities of people of Lagos State and the genealogy of Elegushi royal family. Chapter four went further to highlight the activities and operations of Elegushi Beach, the problems being faced in that beach resort, the strategies for developing and managing it as well as the implications of beach tourism on the host community. Chapter five summarized the whole thesis, recommended/suggested on what to do for sustainable beach tourism in Nigeria, and the conclusion followed suit. It is hoped that this research work will serve as a guide to lovers of tourism and beaches. vii LIST OF FIGURES/MAPS Fig i: Tourism System Model Showing the Interdependencies among the Various Elements Fig ii : Host-Guest Relationship Fig iii: Map of Lagos State Fig iv: Map of Eti-Osa Local Government showing Ikate Town (the study area) LIST OF TABLES i. Statistics and Percentage of Visitors/Tourists to the Beach by Category ii. Statistics and Percentage of Visitors/Tourists to the Beach by Age Profile viii LIST OF PLATES Plate 1: Vegetation of Lagos State - - - - - - 33 Plate 2: Front View of Elegushi Private Beach Resort - - - - 45 Plate 3: The Fish Market at Elegushi Beach - - - - - 47 Plate 4: De Ark Restaurant and Bar at Elegushi Beach - - - 48 Plate 5: The Saga 10 Bar at Elegushi Beach - - - - - 48 Plate 6: 100% Restaurant and Bar at Elegushi Beach - - - - 49 Plate 7: Blak Lounge Restaurant and Bar at Elegushi Beach - - - 49 Plate 8: Vertigo Bar & Lounge at Elegushi Beach - - - - 50 Plate 9: The Paint Ball Game done at Elegushi Beach - - - - 51 Plate 10: The Coconut Plantation at Elegushi Beach - - - - 51 Plate 11: Shipping Activities in the Ocean - - - - - 52 Plate: 12: Shipping Activities in the Ocean - - - - - 52 Plate 13: The Ocean - - - - - - - - 53 Plate 14: The Researcher on the way to the Sea School - - - - 60 Plate 15: The Researcher and the informant/lifeguard at the Sea School - 61 Plate 16: The Moses Ladder for Man ‘O’ War activity at the Citizenship and Leadership Training Centre (CLTC) - - - - - - 62 Plate 17: The Researcher and the Young Trainees - - - - 64 Plate 18: The Gigantic Rocks used in Controlling Coastal Flooding at the Beach (Preventive Measure) - - - - - - - - 67 Plate 19: A Whale Washed Ashore by Wave being dismembered by Fishermen and Others - - - - - - - - - - - 69 Plate 20: The Researcher with the Informant - - - - - 95 ix TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page - - - - - - - - - - i Approval Page - - - - - - - - - ii Certification - - - - - - - - - - iii Dedication - - - - - - - - - - iv Acknowledgements - - - - - - - - v Abstract - - - - - - - - - vii List of Figures/Maps - - - - - - - - viii List of Tables - - - - - - - - - viii List of Plates - - - - - - - - - - ix Table of Contents - - - - - - - - - x CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION - - - - - - 1 1.1 Statement of the Problem - - - - - - - 4 1.2 Research Questions - - - - - - - - 6 1.3 Research Objectives - - - - - - - - 6 1.4 Research Methodology - - - - - - - 7 1.4.1 Research Design - - - - - - - - 7 1.4.2 Method and Instrument of Data Collection - - - - 8 1.4.3 Method of Data Analysis - - - - - - - 8 1.5 Significance of Study - - - - - - - - 9 1.6 Scope of Study - - - - - - - - - 10 1.7 Limitations of Study - - - - - - - - 10 1.8 Clarification of Concepts - - - - - - - 11 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW - - - - - 15 2.1.0 Theoretical Literature - - - - - - - - 15 2.1.1 Systems Theory - - - - - - - - 15 2.1.2 Environmental Theory - - - - - - - 19 2.1.3 Host-Guest Paradigm - - - - - - - - 21 2.1.4 Motivation Theory - - - - - - - - 23 2.2 Empirical Literature - - - - - - - - 25 2.3 Theoretical Orientation - - - - - - - 29 CHAPTER THREE: BACKGROUND INFORMATION - - - 31 3.1 Geographical Location of Lagos State - - - - - 31 3.2 Climate and Vegetation - - - - - - - 31 3.3 Historical Background of Lagos State - - - - - 33 3.4 The Kingdom Of Ikate Land - - - - - - - 35 3.5 Genealogy of Elegushi Royal Family - - - - - - 37 3.6 Socio-Economic Activities of People of Lagos State - - - 40 3.7 Socio-Cultural Activities of People of Lagos State - - - - 41 3.8 Socio-Political Organisation of People of Lagos State - - - 42 CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS - - 45 4.1 Elegushi Beach and Other Attractions - - - - - - 45 4.2 The Sea School and its Importance to the Beach - - - - 59 4.3 Strategies for Developing and Managing Elegushi Beach into a Tourist Resort - - - - - - - - - - 64 x 4.4 Problems Facing These Attractions at Ikate Elegushi Land
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