FUEL CELL POWER Generating Electricity, Heat and Hydrogen, Cleanly ,Quietly and Efficiently

No. 56 SUMMER 2015 www.fuelcellpower.org.uk

FUEL CELL POWER Generating electricity, heat and hydrogen, cleanly ,quietly and efficiently

HEADLINE NEWS CONTENTS Following upon higher than expected sales in Toyota enables free use of patents p.2 Japan, production of the Toyota Mirai is being Intelligent Energy welcomes motor increased, ready for the launches in Europe industry moving towards fuel cells p.3 and the USA this year. Sales plans are being Bloom Energy fuel cells for global formulated taking into consideration each interconnection and data p.6 region’s level of hydrogen infrastructure, en- Delivering Hydrogen and Fuel Cells ergy policies, consumer demand, purchasing to market p.8 subsidies and environmental regulations. Doosan meeting business demands for sustainable, flexible electricity p.14 Honda has announced commercial produc- Global Apollo programme tackling tion of its fuel cell vehicles in the USA in 2016. climate change p.16 Their plan is to offer sales of battery, fuel cell ITM Power installing UK hydrogen and hybrid powered systems, in order to refuelling stations p.18 achieve volume markets for the introduction Fuel cells cut water demand p.25 of electric vehicles. FuelCell Energy proposed 63 MW

Hyundai is extending sales of its hydrogen fuel Fuel cell park at Beacon Falls p.26 cell production vehicle from Korea and the Clean power from wastewater p.27 USA. Six of their Hyundai ix35 models are to be NEWS p.15, p.20, p.28 operated in London. EVENTS p.28

TOYOTA OPENS ITS FUEL CELL VEHICLE PATENTS FOR FREE USE

As part of efforts to popularize fuel cell vehi- and fuel cell system control technology cles (FCVs), Toyota Motor Corporation will (approx. 3,350 patent licenses). allow royalty-free use of approximately 5,680 of the FCV-related patent licenses, including To facilitate more rapid expansion of hydro- pending applications, it holds globally on an gen station networks, Toyota will also provide unconsolidated basis. royalty-free use of approximately 70 hydrogen-station-related patent licenses Toyota believes it is important to give priority indefinitely for those installing and operating to spurring more widespread use of FCVs at hydrogen stations. Toyota plans to make the the initial introduction stage. It therefore be- royalty-free patent licenses available for use lieves that concerted initiatives will be vital by companies and organizations that con- with energy companies that are looking to clude contracts with Toyota based on nego- expand hydrogen station infrastructure, and tiations with the company concerning spe- automobile manufacturers that are looking cific usage plans, in line with standard patent to move forward with FCV development and license procedures. market introduction. Toyota has always had an open policy re- Toyota will allow royalty-free use of its FCV garding use of its intellectual property, allow- patent licenses by those manufacturing and ing licensing of patents by third parties that selling FCVs through the initial market intro- pay appropriate usage fees. By allowing roy- duction period, which is anticipated to con- alty-free use of FCV-related patent licenses, tinue until about 2020. This initiative will in- Toyota is going one step further as it aims to clude patents that are critical to the devel- promote the widespread use of FCVs and opment and production of FCVs, such as actively contribute to the realization of a those relating to fuel cell stacks (approx. hydrogen-based society. 1,970 patent licenses), high-pressure hydro- www.toyota-global.com gen tanks (approx. 290 patent licenses),

JOINT ACTION ON

HYDROGEN STATIONS

Toyota Motor Corporation, Nissan Motor Co. Ltd., and Honda Motor Co. Ltd. have agreed a new joint support project for the development of hydrogen station infrastruc-

ture in Japan. The three auto- makers have agreed to help infrastructure companies deliver the best possible customer service and create a convenient, hassle-free refuelling network for owners of fuel

cell vehicles. 2

INTELLIGENT ENERGY WELCOMES MOTOR INDUSTRY MOVE TOWARDS FUEL CELLS NEW HIGH PERFORM- ANCE FUEL CELL An innovative 100kW automotive fuel cell from Intelligent Energy provides vehicle manufacturers with a new high performance option for their next generation of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs). It has been developed in re- sponse to increasing market demand for high power automotive fuel cell solutions and is the result of extensive research, engineering, cost reduction and test activities undertaken by Intelligent En- ergy’s Motive division. The system builds upon the company’s suc- cesses in developing advanced zero emission solutions both inde- pendently and with its world-class automotive customers. With 25 years of experience in the develop- engineered for low cost, high volume series ment and delivery of high power density, production. scalable fuel cell systems, Intelligent Energy already has non-exclusive, collaborative The key enabler for these high power densi- commercial relationships in place with a ties is the company’s proprietary, evapora- number of global vehicle manufacturers. tively-cooled (EC) technology. Compared to James Batchelor, Managing Director of Intelli- conventional liquid-cooled fuel cell stacks, gent Energy’s Motive division, said: “Our ca- the EC design removes the need for individ- pability and proven technology provides a ual cooling channels between each cell. This cost-effective opportunity for any vehicle delivers a considerable advantage in terms manufacturer without a presence in this fuel of stack mass and volume, and helps contrib- cell power-band to jump ahead of its com- ute to Intelligent Energy’s leadership in stack petitors. Our 100kW platform provides auto- power density which translates into in-vehicle motive original equipment manufacturers packaging and weight advantages. (OEMs) with a fast-track route to our next generation evaporatively-cooled stack tech- The 100kW fuel cell system is being an- nology, integrated into a compact system”. nounced at a time when consumer aware- ness of FCEVs is growing, boosted by new The 100kW fuel cell and core technology will vehicles being launched by Toyota, Hyundai be available to vehicle manufacturers and Honda. Batchelor added: “The concept, through technology licensing programmes design, technology elements and IP pack- and joint development agreements. It takes age are all in place to enable the platform to full advantage of Intelligent Energy’s superior be applied to customer vehicle programmes stack technology, which offers world leader- today.” ship in power density of 3kW/kg, whilst being 3

FUEL CELL TO EXTEND RANGE OF BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Intelligent Energy will lead a UK industry consortium that is to develop a new class of zero- emission, light commercial vehicle. By integrating fuel cell technology into battery electric vehicles, the consortium will deliver the capability to provide low carbon light commercial vehicles with significantly improved range and rapid refuelling.

The three-year project, utilising Intelligent En- MOTOR INDUSTRY PREPARING ergy’s world leading fuel cell technology, is to develop validated systems and vehicle FOR SALES OF FUEL CELL VEHICLES conversion expertise ready for volume manu- Dr Henri Winand Chief Executive Officer, Intel- facture. The goal is also to provide fleet op- ligent Energy, said that he has noted recently erators with a solution that enables vehicle how the automotive industry is readying itself operation for extended periods whilst being for the market introduction and commercial emissions free at the tailpipe. sales of fuel cell electric vehicles and he was delighted that Toyota had come to the same The consortium will receive a £6.3m grant conclusion. In fact, Toyota has been some- from the Advanced Propulsion Centre as thing of a trailblazer. Only in December did part of the £12.7m project. The other partners they release their new ‘MIRAI’ car, yet its re- comprise Frost EV, Frost Electronics, Millbrook, lease marked the culmination of 20 years’ CENEX, British Gas and DHL. The collabora- development. tive project minimises technical and commercial risk by providing a package that can While Toyota and other brands like Suzuki, a be integrated into vehicles, either as an end- long term partner of Intelligent Energy, have of-line fitment by an original equipment been early adopters and developers of hy- manufacturer, through a new-vehicle con- drogen technology, other Original Equipment version facility, or by retro-fitting at approved Manufacturers (OEMs) have chosen to focus centres. their attentions elsewhere. As the market develops and commercialisation of hydrogen Jon Beasley, Director of Technology and Pro- fuel cell vehicles becomes a reality, this po- jects from the Advanced Propulsion Centre, tentially leaves other OEMs significantly be- located at the University of Warwick, said: hind the curve. This is where Intelligent En- “Our aim is to position the UK as a global ergy comes into its own. Since our inception, centre for low carbon propulsion systems de- we have been working every day towards velopment and production. This consortium creating a fuel cell, now protected with over of British companies is helping the Advanced 1,000 key patents, with industry leading Propulsion Centre to deliver its aim with this power density, power per weight and power innovative project that uses hydrogen fuel per volume (critical factors in the automotive cell technologies. It has the potential to de- sector) and have become the only credible liver a viable zero-emission vehicle for fleet independent supplier of next generation operators around the world.” technology to the industry.

VOLKSWAGEN’S COMMITMENT UPPTM 2015 GOLD EDISON TO FUEL CELLS AWARD WINNER

The announcement that the Volkswagen Intelligent Energy has announced that Group has acquired a portfolio of patents Upp™, its hydrogen fuel cell portable power from fuel cell provider Ballard for approxi- solution, has been named a 2015 Gold Edi- mately £32m is a strong indication of the son Award Winner. Products entered in this growing importance of this zero-emission prestigious programme are judged by a power source to the global automotive in- panel of more than 3,000 leading business dustry. James Batchelor, Managing Director executives and academics and represent Automotive at Intelligent Energy, believes this game-changing innovations that are at the agreement significantly reduces the avail- forefront of product development, marketing ability of Ballard’s technology in the mass and human-centered design. Building on market automotive sector, thereby confirm- Intelligent Energy’s innovative proprietary fuel ing Intelligent Energy as the leading inde- cell technology, Upp powers USB-compatible pendent fuel cell developer and implemen- mobile electronic devices, such as smart- tation partner for vehicle manufacturers. phones, eReaders, portable gaming devices

and digital cameras instantly with up to five Following just a few weeks after major an- charges from a single cartridge. Upp makes nouncements in this sector, including state- its own power so you don’t ever have to be ments by Toyota and Honda, the ongoing tethered to a wall again enabling anyone to commitment of another of the world’s largest work, connect, manage mobile commerce vehicle manufacturers is a clear indication and share experiences all while off the grid. that fuel cell technologies are now firmly established on the automotive agenda. “With investment in fuel cell technology reported to ACQUISITION OF BIC ASSETS have cost a number of global car makers billions of pounds, a faster and more cost- Intelligent Energy has acquired the portable effective alternative to the in-house route is fuel cell and disposable fuel cartridge assets to collaborate with an industry-respected of Société Bic ('BIC'), a world leader in dispos- specialist, such as Intelligent Energy,” com- able consumer products. Combined with In- ments Batchelor. “This approach is proving telligent Energy’s class leading fuel cell tech- very effective with our major customers, who nology, this acquisition is a significant forward value access to our next-generation, high step towards the mass-market availability of power, cost-effective fuel cell systems and embedded hydrogen fuel cell technology to our future technology roadmaps, as well as power applications and consumer electronic the system-level integration expertise we pro- devices, such as PCs, laptops, smartphones, vide to accelerate the development process wearables and more. for early series production.” “Our vision for universal wireless power is a “This news from another top global auto world without boundaries where people can manufacturer will also stimulate wider public experience true mobility,” said Dr Henri and industry interest in fuel cell technolo- Winand, Chief Executive Officer, Intelligent gies,” continued Batchelor. “The scale of Energy. “This acquisition of BIC’s assets is an Volkswagen Group’s new commitment to important step in realising this vision, and ac- fuel cell technology means that the drive to- celerating our roadmap to bring our world wards zero-emission fuel cell vehicles will be class hydrogen fuel cell technology to port- further accelerated. This announcement is to able electronic devices everywhere.” be warmly welcomed by everyone who be- www.intelligent-energy.com lieves in a low-carbon future.”

BLOOM FUEL CELLS FOR GLOBAL INTERCONNECTION AND DATA CENTER

Equinix Inc, the global interconnection and footprint and move toward 100% renewable data center company, together with Bloom energy. By working with Bloom Energy to pur- Energy, have announced a one megawatt chase 100% biogas and fuel cells, we're able (MW) biogas fuel cell project at their data to support the energy needs of our customers center in Silicon Valley. The deployment of in an environmentally responsible way." Pe- fuel cells supports Equinix’s long-term sustain- ter Gross, vice president of mission critical sys- ability goal of using 100% clean and renew- tems, Bloom Energy added: "Companies are able energy across its global platform of increasingly turning to data center co- more than 100 data centers. The 1 MW location services in order to interconnect with Bloom Energy fuel cell will provide an esti- other businesses and they want to do this in mated 8.3 million kilowatt-hours per year of an environmentally responsible way. By de- clean, reliable electricity. The fuel cell uses ploying Bloom Energy fuel cells, Equinix is tak- Bloom Energy’s solid oxide technology to ing a leadership position in sustainability. The generate electricity through an electro- clean and modular nature of Bloom's tech- chemical process, using air and biogas, nology makes us uniquely suited to meet the which results in only water and a small growing demand for renewable power to amount of carbon dioxide as by-products. support cutting edge IT infrastructure." Biogas is methane gas captured from de- composing organic matter such as that from CELEBRATING EARTH DAY landfills or animal waste. By using biogas, Bloom Energy fuel cells were celebrated dur- Equinix avoids the use of natural gas—a fossil ing Earth Day in two locations in the USA. fuel. They are powering Comcast’s Western New

England Regional Headquarters in Berlin, SOx (sulfur oxides), NOx (nitrogen oxides) and Connecticut. Comcast announced that the other harmful smog-forming particulate emis- facility serves as the regional headquarters sions are virtually eliminated with the use of for five New England states and is the master Bloom Energy fuel cells. Fuel cells are also facility for receiving and processing television associated with significant indirect water sav- signals for distribution on the Comcast net- ings, because they displace demand from work. The 400 kW fuel cell system will gener- coal or gas fired thermal power stations ate more than 3 million kWh of electricity which require large amounts of water. The each year, providing up to 80% of the facil- project also includes uninterruptible power ity's total energy load. The Bloom Energy modules that are configured to protect a Servers® are installed with uninterruptable portion of the data center's energy load from power modules and will enable the Comcast electrical outages, reducing reliance on tra- facility to maintain operations through grid ditional back-up equipment. Equinix al- outages. The project will help Comcast re- ready gets approximately 30% of its global duce the facility's carbon emissions by an energy from clean, renewable sources and estimated 1.93 million lbs of CO2 emissions over time it plans to deliver on its long-term each year as compared to electricity pur- goal of using 100% clean and renewable en- chased from the grid in Connecticut. "It's ergy by using a variety of mechanisms, in- very encouraging to see more companies cluding fuel cells or solar panels, power pur- taking advantage of fuel cells and other chase agreements, utility renewable energy green energy sources," said Senator Paul programs, renewable energy credits and Doyle, Senate Chair of the Energy and Tech- carbon offsets. Sam Kapoor, chief global nology Committee. "Fuel cells like the one we operations officer, Equinix said: "This project have here today are an important step for- demonstrates Equinix's commitment to find ward in the way we use energy. cost-effective ways to reduce our carbon 6

They produce clean, reliable energy without Combined with the solar energy system in- producing toxic by-products that damage stalled atop the store in 2011, these fuel cells our environment and our health. I applaud will help generate more than a majority of Comcast for converting this building to fuel the store’s energy onsite. This investment in cell power." Mary McLaughlin, Comcast fuel cell technology reflects the company’s Senior Vice President for the Western New goal to be energy independent by 2020 and England Region, added “Technology and complements other IKEA renewable pro- innovation are at the core of everything grams in the U.S. Drawing from its Swedish Comcast does and this project is another ex- heritage and respect for nature, IKEA strives ample of how we are deploying innovative to minimize its operations’ carbon emissions technology to build a stronger, more reliable and finds that reducing its environmental im- and secure broadband network for our cus- pact makes good business sense. Globally, tomers, By generating clean energy on-site, IKEA evaluates locations regularly for conser- we can enhance the resiliency of our opera- vation opportunities. tions while also supporting our sustainability goals and reducing our carbon footprint.” BLOOM ENERGY JAPAN

Bloom Energy Japan Limited has announced CenturyLink also commemorated Earth Day the installation of a Bloom Energy Server at by commissioning Bloom Energy Fuel cells, the Osaka Prefectural Central Wholesale which added reliable, sustainable power in- Market in Ibaraki City, Osaka Prefecture. The frastructure to its Irvine, California, data cen- fuel cell can produce 1,200 kilowatts of ter. David Meredith, senior vice president at power and provides 50% of the buildings' CenturyLink said: “Synchronizing the fully overall electricity needs. The Bloom Energy commissioned Bloom Energy fuel cells to our solid oxide fuel cell generates clean electric- electrical infrastructure supports the escalat- ity from multiple fuel sources, such as city gas ing power demands for network and IT infra- and biogas at over 60% efficiency. To con- structure in an environmentally sustainable tribute to the disaster preparedness policy of way. Businesses that use multi-tenant data Osaka Prefecture, Bloom Energy Japan will centers and cloud-based solutions, like those supply electricity generated by Bloom Energy offered by CenturyLink, are contributing to a Servers to the important facilities of the better environment, which is further en- Osaka Prefectural Central Wholesale Market. hanced by technologies such as Bloom En- Osaka Prefecture and Bloom Energy Japan ergy.” The Bloom Energy Servers deliver en- will also report on resulting carbon dioxide hanced sustainability benefits, including high emission reductions. efficiency, small physical footprint and reduced water use.

IKEA FOCUS ON EMERGING ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES

IKEA, the world’s leading home furnishings retailer, plans to install a Bloom Energy fuel cell system at its location in Emeryville, one of the Swedish company’s San Francisco-area stores. Consistent with the IKEA focus on emerging energy technologies, this project represents the first IKEA endeavour globally to convert biogas into electricity through a Bloom Energy has more than 150 MW of fuel clean electro-chemical process. The 300-kW cells installed in the USA and Japan. Their system will operate on biogas and produce aim is to make clean, reliable energy afford- approximately 2.5million kWh of electricity able for everyone in the world. annually for the store, the equivalent of re- www.bloomenergy.com ducing 1,304 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2). 7

DELIVERING HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELLS TO MARKET At the international conference in Birming- by 40% since 2010 and the aim is for €600,000 ham, Ben Madden of Element Energy out- with a 20 year lifetime by 2020. lined progress with the EU Clean Hydrogen in Cities (CHIC) trial of 83 fuel cell powered Simona Webb, of the Greater London Au- buses operating across Europe. It is expected thority said that London has a target to re- that availability will be improved to over 85%, duce C02 emissions by 60% by 2025. The both by resolving the teething issues in the Mayor’s plan is to support the widespread current trial and as manufacturing develops introduction of innovative technologies. with volume production. The EU Fuel Cell Hy- ‘Hydrogen London’ will ensure that London is drogen Joint Undertaking (FCHJU) study is a global centre for the development, de- determining how the capital cost of a fuel ployment and use of hydrogen and fuel cell cell bus can be reduced to below €500,000 in technologies. Under the EU CHIC project a order to enable genuine market traction. whole route is now fully operated by eight Van Hool hydrogen fuel cell buses are oper- hydrogen fuel cell buses. London already ating in Cologne. has a publicly accessible hydrogen refuelling station and five operational taxis and the next step will be the introduction of Hyundai’s ix35 hydrogen fuel cell cars. Several hydrogen powered vans from Revolve Technolo- gies will be operated by Commercial Group.

The CHIC project is demonstrating that fuel cell buses have the potential to provide the same operational flexibility as conventional diesel buses. They can do this with zero emissions of pollutants, while being easy to drive and providing a good service for the travelling public.

A range of hydrogen fuelled passenger cars is emerging, led by Hyundai, Toyota, Honda, Hydrogen London is working alongside other Daimler, Nissan and BMW. There are also taxis European participants in HyFive (Hydrogen and hydrogen delivery vehicles with either for Innovative Vehicles) to deploy up to 110 i.c. engines or fuel cells. The UK plans to have hydrogen fuel cell vehicles across Europe 65 hydrogen refuelling stations, mainly in ur- from the five global automotive companies ban areas, before 2020. Starting with fleets of that are leading in their commercialisation. cars or vans with predictable routes and refu- A strategic network of hydrogen refuelling elling patterns will facilitate the introduction stations is being introduced. They will deploy of the hydrogen infrastructure. six new hydrogen refuelling stations and link them to the 12 existing stations supplied by Jean Luc Delplancke of the FCHJU outlined Air Products, Copenhagen Hydrogen Net- EU investment in hydrogen and fuel cells. He works, ITM Power, Linde and OMV. said that bus vehicle costs have come down

FUEL CELL CAR CLUBS IN THE GENERATING YOUR OWN HEAT ‘CIRCULAR ECONOMY’ AND POWER

John Jostins of Microcab is launching a car Christian Engelke of the Viessmann Group club with vehicles which will be recycled and Introduced a world first – the Viessmann fuel powered by hydrogen from renewable en- cell Vitalovalor. Till now there have been a ergy. It is estimated that over a twenty year small number of large energy producers and life cycle the chassis and hydrogen storage the customer had no choice. Now in addi- will not need to be replaced; the motors and tion to power plants, we can choose wind, electronics will be replaced once; the body, solar, CHP or fuel cells. The first UK house with fuel cell and battery pack will be replaced a Vitovalor 300-P is detached, with four occu- twice; and the interior trim and rolling gear pants. The annual heat requirement is 28,000 three times. Suppliers will be encouraged kWh which was previously supplied by a con- to refurbish and re-use components and densing boiler. materials.

The technology will be licensed to other clubs, which will be mainly based in urban areas and will help reduce congestion, provide cleaner air and maximise renewable energy assets. Range will be up to 180 miles with top speed of 55 mph and refuelling in three minutes. Annual membership will cost £50 and approximately £8 per hour will cover hire costs including fuel.

RESIDENTIAL CHP MARKET OPPORTUNITY

Jonathan Watkins of Ceres Power said that

their steel cell fuel cell is a disruptive technol-

ogy. The European market for residential

CHP is 10 million units per year and the Ameri-

can market 8.5million units per year. The

Japanese are leading the way with sales of

1.2 million projected for 2020 and 5.3 million

by 2030. Overtaking other electricity genera-

tors, the efficiency of Ceres Power’s steel cell

was 45% in 2014 and is expected to be 55%

by 2016.

HYDROGEN PRODUCED BY ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

Alexander Lamond of the University of Not- tingham and Lindhurst Innovation Engineers, compared the cost of small scale farm production of hydrogen by anaerobic digestion with production on an industrial scale.

STORING RENEWABLE ENERGY Hydrogenics is also producing methanol fuel (CH3OH) from C02 captured at a coal power A major theme of the meeting was energy plant and renewable hydrogen. The hydro- storage. E. Andersen of Proton on Site ex- gen is produced by electrolysis when demand plained the growing need for onsite storage is low and the methanol could be used to of renewable energy. Total wind capacity power industry, buildings or transport. continues to increase and so does localization of that capacity, which can lead to grid insta- bility. Instead of curtailing electricity genera- Methanol fuel from C02 tion, there are several options for storing it. Solar power is also increasing rapidly, stimu- lated by the 80% decline in prices between 2008 and 2012. Greater use of renewable energy will be needed to combat increased air pollution and rising atmospheric C02. There is a broad applicability for hydrogen: for injec- tion into the natural gas grid, for chemical processes, for biogas conversion and with fuel cells for both local power generation and electric vehicles. Proton is now launching its 1 MW PEM electrolyser to store energy from intermittent renewable energy sources.

Denis Thomas of Hydrogenics said that his company is a global supplier of fuel cells and electrolysers. They provide both alkaline and PEM electrolysers in order to store wind and solar energy as hydrogen.

COMBINED HEAT AND POWER considerably reduce the building’s carbon footprint. The fuel cell reduces C02 emissions (CHP) CUTS EMISSIONS by 40% and NOx and SOx by 99.9%.

Klaus Ullrich of Fuel Cell Energy Solutions (FCES) outlined the operation of their mature Direct Fuel Cell (DFC®) for clean, distributed energy production. Over a hundred DFC plants operating at more than 50 sites around the world have generated over 3.3 terawatt hours (TWh) of ultra clean power.

The fuel cells can be powered from the existing natural gas infrastructure, by LNG, pro- pane, biomass, or waste from landfills or water treatment plants. Electrical efficiency is up to 60% and in addition high temperature heat is available. The system can also be used for cooling or it can supply hydrogen from carbon neutral sources for use on site or to power vehicles. An interesting new development, which has already been established in smaller cells, is the capture and storage of carbon dioxide. This is simplified as the ex- haust gas from the fuel cell electrode is no longer mixed with air.

HUGE MARKET There is a large potential market in the UK which has very low installed CHP capacity, FCES is providing turnkey distributed power one of the lowest in Europe. CHP comprised generation solutions. Full service agree- less than 6% of gross electricity generation in ments are available with variable contract the UK in 2013, compared with over 30% in periods. Operating costs are low, there is lit- the Netherlands, nearly 50% in Denmark and tle maintenance and the cost of material over 60% in Luxembourg. and staff is covered. Stack exchange is in- cluded after 5 to 7 years, as well as all In London a DFC 300 was installed in a mixed- (planned and un-planned) maintenance. use re-development in Regent Street by the There is high plant availability and guaran- Crown Estate. De-centralized energy pro- teed energy output. DFC® power plants are duction and energy efficiency measures designed for a 20 year lifespan.

FCES’ online global s u p p o r t team oper- ates 24/7 and technology risks r e m a i n completely with FCES.

HYDROGEN PRODUCES ONLY Oliver Philips said that the Engineering & ENERGY AND WATER Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC) is working with the Government to support Dr Nuno Bimbo of the University of Bath ex- university and other development with hydro- plained that by 2050 global energy demand gen and fuel cells. They have set up an En- is projected to increase by 40%, demand for ergy Catalyst to support early stage feasibil- water by 55% and for food by 60%. Fossil fu- ity, technical development and evaluation els at present provide 80% of our energy and for universities, SMEs and large companies. there are growing problems with energy security, air quality and climate change. How SOFC ASSISTS LNG ENGINE could hydrogen help? Hydrogen plus oxygen produce only water and energy, but Prof Kevin Kendall, Dr Michaela Kendall and there are difficulties with storage due to its their team at Adelan Ltd are making pro- very low volumetric density. Hydrogen has gress with a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) incor- traditionally been stored by compression or porated into an assisted power unit (APU) for liquefaction and work is progressing in several a truck. other areas with chemical storage and ad- sorption.

LONGER TERM FINANCING FOR INNOVATION

Andrew Oldfield, a consultant for new clean technology companies, suggested ways of providing early stage finance for innovation. Current financing options are limited and make it difficult to build large scale businesses. Financial regulators could introduce mandatory rules for pension fund allocation to long term assets. Institutional investors could get in cheaply at the early stages and The microtubular SOFC is attached to an LNG help steer companies forwards. There could tank and provides 100W power and 500W be alternative channels to market for foreign heat/cooling. This combination makes it pos- investment. sible to switch off the engine and cut idling by 40%, improve efficiency of the electrics and reduce air pollution and noise.

DIESEL V. FUEL CELL BACK-UP David Kipling, Vice President, Corporate Investment of Jabil, said that they are working with- low temperature PEM fuel cell generators and the market is projected to approach $18bn by 2018. They are introducing high temperature PEM as well as SOFC. Already the five year cost of fuel cells is less than that of diesel gensets but capital expenditure (capex) is the key buying decision. 12

CUSTOMERS WANT ENERGY Kevin Lowe of British Gas referred to the Ene- field programme to install 1,000 fuel cell mi- EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS cro heat and power systems across Europe. Kevin Fothergill of Johnson Matthey proposed Richard Baines of the Black Country Housing a Hydrogen Hub, which would bring together Association explained what the customer users of hydrogen in buildings and for trans- wants from low or zero carbon fuel cells. port with suppliers of renewable energy. Future well insulated homes will require little heating, hot water will be produced more efficiently and electricity utilised more efficiently. GOOD PERFORMANCE WITH ADVANCED FUEL CELL VEHICLES

Simon Howroyd and Prof Rui Chen, Aeronau-

tical and Automotive Engineering, Loughbor-

ough University, assessed the benefits of par-

allel, series and combined hybrid drive trains.

Dr Shangfeng Du of Birmingham University

reported on advances with a new genera-

tion of catalyst electrodes for automotive fuel

cells.

Peter Speers of CENEX found drivers happy

with the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in the

HyTEC project in London and Copenhagen.

In the past two years, the vehicles have cov-

ered 180,000 kms with quiet and smooth op-

eration and excellent acceleration.

Full papers of the Birmingham The housing association will utilise LED lights in Conference are freely available at : order to cut electricity demand in their www.climate-change-solutions.co.uk homes and more efficient appliances will be installed.

HYDROGEN FOR SHIPPING

Carlo Raucci, of the Energy Institute University of London, said that hydrogen could be used as fuel in international shipping in a relatively short time period. This would help to keep the global temperature rise below 2°C.

GROWING DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY TO MEET ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

Two of the most active global markets for fuel cell growth are the United States and Korea. Six more power plants from Doosan Fuel Cell (Doosan), headquartered in Connecticut, USA, have gone live at the Korean South East Power Co. Ltd (KOSEP) facility in Ansan, a suburb of the capital city of Seoul. The six Doosan PureCell Model 400 fuel cells are providing 2.6 megawatts of clean energy and heat to the local electric grid and KOSEP customers. This is the second Doosan-KOSEP partnership; seven PureCell systems were installed in 2013 at the KOSEP plant in another Only a month after the six Doosan fuel cells Seoul suburb. went live at the KOSEP facility in Ansan, KOSEP has ordered a further 13 Doosan Pure- “Doosan’s fuel cells are leading the industry Cell Model 400 units for their plant in Bun- in dependability and proven performance,” dang, south of Seoul. The new installation says KOSEP Deputy General Manager Hoan- will incorporate a state-of-the-art construc- O Sung. “With seven PureCell Model 400 fuel tion design – the first of its kind in South Korea cells already providing power at our Bun- – with multiple 400 kW fuel cells installed on dang facility, we are confident the additional each floor of a two-story structure. The instal- fuel cells will add value and sustainability to lation will conserve valuable urban land re- our energy portfolio.” sources, taking up half the space of previous configurations, while maximizing power den- Overall, Doosan has six projects in South Ko- sity. The 13-unit installation will produce 5.6 rea totalling 35 active fuel cells, which megawatts (MW) of clean energy and heat equates to over 15 megawatts (MW) of elec- for the local electric grid and KOSEP custom- tricity generation. There is a growing demand ers and is fully scalable to support the addi- for electricity throughout South Korea, and all tion of power plants to meet future needs. utility companies must adhere to Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS), which establish ABB AGREEMENT EXTENDED regulations for clean energy integration ABB, one of the world’s largest power and throughout the country. (Similar RPS guide- automation engineering companies, and lines also exist in many U.S. states that require Doosan Fuel Cells have extended their part- a specified percentage of electricity to be nership agreement through 2016. “Our com- generated by renewable sources.) panies are highly compatible,” said Derek “The Doosan-KOSEP partnership exemplifies Monk, ABB general manager. “We both be- how utilities can utilize clean energy tech- lieve the planet requires clean energy re- nologies to effectively reduce costs and sources, and fuel cells are a dynamic com- emissions,” says Doosan President and CEO ponent for building our energy future. Jeff Chung. “As a viable alternative to tradi- Doosan is a fuel cell company with a legacy tional utility generation, fuel cells are creating of practical, credible experience and our energy quietly and without pollution at an companies both have similar business phi- increasing number of commercial buildings losophies and a technical heart. Together we across Korea and the U.S. Businesses around are building a sustainable energy future that the globe are investing in fuel cells, which is will benefit society.” an investment in the future of our planet.” www.doosanfuelcell.com

carbon monoxide, the use of these multi fuels NEWS will pave the way to zero emission liquid fuel MULTI FUELS FOR power units. Well done to Cygnus Atratus and their powerful research team who have ALKALINE FUEL CELLS accomplished these first steps without the support of grants, subsidies or speculative Scientists at Cygnus Atratus Ltd are achieving investors! high efficiency and low degradation with [email protected] anionic membranes which makes it possible for liquid fuel powered alkaline fuel cells to CERES ACHIEVES 40% INCREASE challenge proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMS) in transport applications. Since IN POWER OUTPUT the 1960’s, ammonia has been known as a direct fuel for alkaline fuel cells. However, Ceres Power announces that early test results tests have demonstrated that power output show an increase of greater than 40% in the for such devices has been generally lower overall power density of their Steel Cell tech- than ideal. Other systems, such as reforming nology through a variety of material and me- ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen pio- chanical improvements to cell and stack de- neered by the late Karl Kordesch, while per- sign. Ceres Power’s unique Steel Cell is a low haps interesting as a technology, offers little cost, next generation fuel cell technology in realistic commercial applications against and Ceres is working with leading power sys- other shift systems. tems companies to develop and commer- cialise power products using the technology. Work has been underway in seeking new Considerable technical progress has been strategies for use of Direct Ammonia Fuel made in the past 6 months and all of the key Cells (DAMFC’s) with varied success. How- technical performance milestones have ever, recently, Cygnus Atratus attained sig- been met, with an increase of net electrical nificant improvements of power output, efficiency to 47%. This is equivalent to the reaching open circuit voltages of 1.2 volts. highest performance achieved for SOFC in Such improvements make the prospect of the Japanese market and superior to existing multi fuel powered alkaline fuel cells more offerings from PEM technology providers. The likely to find favour in mobile and small scale target is for net efficiency exceeding 50%, applications. Equally, the avoidance of re- which will enhance the already significant forming to produce pure hydrogen reduces benefit to the residential consumer in terms of cost. The possibilities opened by such ad- economic payback and widen the potential vances are important for a variety of reasons. of the technology to other markets, such as So far, fuel cell powered vehicles have suf- prime and back-up power applications for fered from cost and the need to use on businesses. board compressed hydrogen or internal re- formers. Direct methanol fuel cells have suf- Ceres expects these improvements to be fered from poor lifetimes and low power out- brought forward from R&D to customer pro- put. The work undertaken by Cygnus Atratus grammes later this year, resulting in lower shows no such degradation while providing product costs and accelerating the adop- high power efficiency. This opens the possibil- tion of the technology. Mark Selby, Chief ity of new mobile applications and in time, Technology Officer, stated: “The impact of stationary applications for diverse liquid fuels. this performance improvement is potentially a 40% reduction in stack cost and in the re- The work opens the way to using other fuels, gion of a 20% reduction in overall system including alcohols and ketones and provides cost. We have a number of exciting technol- a direct biofuel advantage to fuel cell ogy development programmes, like this one, power. As alkaline fuel cell electrolyte does that will translate into a sustained competi- not crystallise in the presence of non resident tive advantage. www.cerespower.com

GLOBAL APOLLO PROGRAMME TO TACKLE CLIMATE CHANGE

Several leading British scientists, economists energy on a massive scale before it is too and industrialists have proposed a compre- late. All countries are invited to join the hensive global programme to combat cli- Apollo Programme, with the aim of making mate change within the coming decade. renewable energy cheaper than coal. The contributors are Sir David King, Lord John Browne, Lord Richard Layard, Lord Gus If clean energy becomes less costly to pro- O’Donnell, Lord Martin Rees, Lord Nicholas duce, the coal, gas and oil will simply stay in Stern and Lord Adair Turner. the ground and until then it is right that fossil- fuel-based energy should be charged for the In the past, when our way of life has been damage it does. Most of the main techno- threatened, governments have mounted logical advances of the last hundred years major scientific programmes to overcome have derived from publicly funded R&D, but the challenges. In the Cold War the Apollo in the case of climate change, governments Programme placed a man on the moon. To- have been relying on the private sector to day we need a global Apollo programme to solve the problem and only provided incen- tackle climate change, but this time we tives such as carbon prices, feed-in tariffs and need a major international scientific and regulatory standards. technological effort, funded by both public and private money. Member Governments will pledge to spend at least 0.02% of GDP as public expenditure With a really focussed 10-year programme of from 2016 to 2025 and will have a representa- research, development and demonstration tive on the Commission which will appoint a (RD&D) beginning in 2016, it should be Roadmap Committee of some 20 senior possible to discover the disruptive new technologists and businessmen. technologies which can help produce clean

In 2010 world leaders agreed at Cancun to limit the rise in temperature to less than 2˚C above the pre-industrial level, but the commitments made since then have little chance of achieving that target and the temperature is projected to reach 4˚C above the pre-industrial level. This is the central forecast, implying a 50% chance of still higher temperatures. 16

Publicly funded R & D on energy has been increase the rate at which prices of renew- starved. Worldwide, publicly-funded RD&D able energies have been falling. Prices of on renewable energy is under 2% of the total solar photovoltaic (PV) panels have been of publicly funded research and develop- falling but with more research they can fall ment – only around $6 billion, which is hardly even faster – as they do in consumer elec- commensurate with the gravity of the threat tronics (which, like PV, uses semiconductors). we face. It compares poorly with the $101 Basic R & D would also restore the momen- billion spent worldwide on production subsi- tum of falling prices for onshore wind. dies for renewables, not to mention the Renewable energy cannot replace base- counterproductive subsidies for fossil fuel en- load fossil fuel powered electricity unless it ergy totalling $550 billion. There are three can be stored more cheaply. Finally, Integra- foundation elements that are common to all tion into the grid requires more sophisticated sources of energy: we must be able to store software management.. the energy cheaply; transmit it cheaply to where it is needed; and finally, rein in our One current area of breakthrough is batter- overall demand for energy through energy ies, especially those based on lithium ions, efficiency. vanadium and other flow batteries, but there THE PILLARS AND FOUNDATIONS are also other possibilities including thermal The Global Apollo Programme covers all storage, capacitors, compressed air, fuel forms of clean energy but focuses on areas pumps, flywheels, molten salt, pumped hydro where there is far too little research: and hydrogen. Hydrogen has other potential renewables, storage and transmission. The uses as a source of clean energy. It may be- sun provides 5,000 times more energy to the come an economic fuel for road vehicles earth’s surface than total human demand for (directly or indirectly via methanol) and it energy. Most of the future growth in world may become possible to generate it directly energy demand will be in countries with high from sunlight by photocatalysis of suitable solar radiance and basic R & D would substances.

There are many potential ways in which we can use the sun and wind to power the world economy. Almost all these ways require more research to become fully competitive. The box shows some of the key links which require further research.

www.globalapolloprogramme.org. 17

ITM POWER EXTENDING THE UK HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE OLEV HYDROGEN STATION INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT

The strategic rationale for the funding from the Office of Low Emission Vehicles (OLEV) was established by the UKH2Mobility project. In order to expedite the introduction of hydrogen powered vehicles, UKH2Mobility identified those locations for refuelling stations that would deliver the greatest benefit for users. This took into account areas of population concentration and the national trunk routes. The illustration shows the initial network of 65 stations which would be sufficient to start the market in major cities and connecting roads. It is planned to extend the ITM Power has been awarded £1.89m to network to meet the growing demand for build two new hydrogen refuelling stations in hydrogen, with 1,150 stations providing close- London, sited with strategic partners, and to-home refuelling to all the UK projected for £1m for the upgrading of four existing ITM 2030. Power stations. The award was made by the Hydrogen Refuelling Stations Infrastructure Grants Scheme, which is run by the Office of Low Emission Vehicles (OLEV). The project also benefits from additional financial support from the European Fuel Cell and Hydro- gen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU).

The four existing hydrogen refuelling stations to be upgraded comprise three in London, under development as part of the HyFive project, and one in Rotherham. The latter will be upgraded from 350 to 700 bar refuelling capability. This project represents the first deployment in the UK of ITM’s standardised HGas180 platform, capable of generating 80 kg of hydrogen per day. The first such unit was recently deployed for a power-to-gas application in Germany, operated by RWE. The HGas180 is the template for further refuelling station deployments in both the UK and the US. This strategic refuelling location in Rotherham will allow fuel cell electric vehicle OLEV has £7.5m funding available – £2m for (FCEV) users to travel between London and fuel cell electric vehicles, £2m for hydrogen the North of England. refuelling station upgrades and £3.5m for new hydrogen stations. 18

HYFIVE In so doing, ITM Power will be playing a key role in making the UK an attractive launch Hydrogen for Innovative Vehicles (HyFive) is market for fuel cell vehicles. Dr Graham an ambitious European project funded by Cooley, CEO, ITM Power, commented: “The the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking funding for these new refuelling stations in (FCHJU) includeing 15 partners. They will de- London, coupled with partnering a major ploy 110 FCEVs manufactured by five global global fuel retailer are both important steps in automotive companies across three Euro- the roll out of Hydrogen mobility in the UK. By pean regions, 25 in Copenhagen, 53 in Lon- the beginning of 2016 ITM Power will own and don and 29 in Southern Europe. operate six hydrogen refuelling stations in the UK, centred on London” FCEV ROLL OUT IN THE UK INTEGRATED HYDROGEN SYSTEM FOR TIDAL ENERGY STORAGE

ITM Power has won a competitive tender to supply an integrated hydrogen system for use at the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) tidal test site on Eday, Orkney, Scot- land. The system’s principal component is a 0.5MW polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyser with integrated compression and up to 500 kg of hydrogen storage. They have also offered an additional maintenance contract alongside the integrated system, as well The first Hyundai ix35 FCEVs, funded under as a fuel cell for local back up power. the HyFive London cluster, are now deployed in the UK with further roll out expected as the Part of the hydrogen gas will be used off-site infrastructure provision develops. Toyota has by a further project being developed sepa- launched the Mirai FCEV and will begin to sell rately which plans to absorb output of a local this in Europe in mid-2015. ITM Power looks community wind turbine operated by Eday forward to working with partners from the fuel Renewable Energy Ltd. cell vehicle manufacturers and local, na- www.itmpower.com tional and European funding partners in the coming years to deploy further stations and achieving the agreed 2020 goal.

ITM’s 0.5MW electrolyser will be used to absorb excess power generated by the tidal turbines testing at EMEC. The hydrogen gas generated will be compressed and stored, with some of the gas being used in (an optional) hydrogen fuel cell to provide backup power to critical EMEC systems.

NEWS CONSUMPTION BASED EMISSIONS NEW HYDROGEN GENERATION A report by international scientists led by the TECHNOLOGY University of Leeds, UK, indicates that current UK Government policies to cut global warm- Horizon Energy Systems (HES) has announced ing gases could be insufficient. The Govern- a breakthrough "on-demand" hydrogen gen- ment includes emissions generated in the UK eration technology based on a com- but does not take into account those gener- pact solid fuel system, further improving the ated elsewhere for UK consumption. flight endurance of small fuel cell electric ‘Consumption-based GHG Emission Account- drones. The new technology uses spe- ing’ illustrates that even if the UK achieves its cial software algorithms whereby hydrogen is legal emissions reduction target of 80% by no longer stored as a gas, but is the result of 2050 it could still be responsible for nearly 800 a controlled chemical reaction on-board the million tonnes C02 equivalent by 2050 unless Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The unique there are specific policies to address con- ability to perform long endurance missions sumption, or there is a radical change in with a low-altitude mini-UAV provides consid- global production efficiency. (This does not erable new benefits in border patrol, infra- take into account international marine or air structure surveillance, exploration, critical as- travel.) http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ set and environmental monitoring. 14693062.2013.788858

"The new AEROPAK-S is the result of years of effort in simplifying what are typically com- CLIMATE CHANGE: plex systems and making them easy to de- A RISK ASSESSMENT ploy," said Taras Wankewycz, HES' Chief Ex- A report by economists from the UK, USA, ecutive Officer. "We have explored a number China and India finds that there are two rea- of feedstock options through the years and sons for the increase in global warming our new system trumps them all on gases: governments are not making maxi- performance, safety and scalability in mum use of the technologies to reduce emis- manufacturing." sions that we already have; and technology is not yet progressing fast enough to give governments the policy options they will need in the future. www.csap.cam.ac.uk

EMISSIONS CUTS ESSENTIAL FOR OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS An article in the July 3rd issue of Science magazine assesses the impact of human emissions of C02 on the oceans. Despite the oceans’ critical role in regulating climate— and providing food and livelihoods for mil- Compared to 200Wh/kg lithium batteries and lions of people—international climate nego- preceding fuel cell designs, the new 700Wh/ tiations have only minimally considered im- kg solid fuel AEROPAK-S completely elimi- pacts on the ocean. Immediate and sub- nates the need for a complex catalytic reac- stantial emission reductions are required to tor, which reduces size, weight and complex- prevent the massive and mostly irreversible ity, while offering a self-contained, plug & impacts on ocean ecosystems that are pro- play fuel cartridge system. www.hes.sg jected unless emissions are kept within the limit agreed in the Copenhagen Accord. www.sciencemag.org 20

AFC ENERGY MEMORANDUM OF FORZE VI HYDROGEN FUEL CELL UNDERSTANDING WITH DUBAI RACING CAR

AFC Energy plc has received its final Building TU Delft showed their Forze VI hydrogen fuel Permit from the Stade building and urban cell racing car at the Shell Eco-marathon development authorities in Lower Saxony, Europe 2015, on the stand of Linde Gas. Germany to conclude construction of what will be the world’s largest industrial alkaline fuel cell. Adam Bond, AFC’s Chief Executive Officer, said: “Receipt of the final building permit from the Stade consenting authorities will now allow us to conclude our construction activities over the next few weeks and reinforces the Company’s confidence in delivering an accelerated timeline for initial power generation from the KORE fuel cell system in July 2015”.

AFC Energy plc has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Dubai Carbon Centre of Excellence. The Dubai Electricity and Wa- Forze VI broke the record for hydrogen fuel ter Authority (DEWA) stated that both sides cell cars at the Nürburgring race track. will investigate using AFC's hydrogen fuel cells Dutch Formula-One driver Jan Lammers com- in certain sites and projects that are under pleted the track in the Forze VI in under 11 construction to generate a total of 300MW minutes. The record-breaking lap was more by 2020. This will provide significant eco- than a morale booster. It has allowed them nomic opportunity to monetise not only en- to gather data on Forze VI's performance. ergy generated from the fuel cell, but also The data collection is an important part of from the sale of water by-product from the test-laps offering the opportunity to optimise catalytic process. Dubai Carbon and AFC the car’s performance. The significance of will initially assess the potential for deploy- completing the lap at the Nürburgring, as ment of the fuel cell within projects such as opposed to another track or testing facility, Dubai Expo 2020, The World Development by according to team leader Menno Dalmijn, Nakheel, and major infrastructure projects was to show-off what the team can do. To including Al Maktoum International Airport. complete the ring “the car has to be ex- www.afcenergy.com tremely well designed, and that's why we went there" he said. www.forze-delft.nl UNST RENEWABLE HYDROGEN

Community development Group, Unst partnership Ltd, has been awarded £25,000 to investigate the production and use of hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen from renewable energy on the island. The project is funded by the Scottish Government and will involve the PURE Energy Centre and Shetland Islands

Council. It is part of a strategic plan for renewable development. Results will help any communities with grid constraint to take advantage of energy storage technologies to https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f - enable renewable generation. g5hXF8qAk www.unst.org 21

ECUITY CONSULTING REPORT energy system savings estimated at £2.4bn due to the avoidance of centralised genera- FUEL CELLS FOR THE UK SMART tion and transmission costs. The high effi- POWER GRID ciency of smart power units in generating To date UK policies supporting fuel cell tech- simultaneously heat and electricity means nology have primarily focused on transport that they could reduce gas needs by 33%, applications, yet as experience in other mar- thus enabling greater energy security for the kets has shown, fuel cell technology could be UK. Reducing gas usage also means lower- the solution to the UK’s more pressing energy ing carbon emissions. By reducing the need challenges. to consume expensive electricity from the grid, smart power units would support con- Over the next decade, the UK will lose sumer self-reliance and generate energy sav- around a quarter, or 20 gigawatt (GW), of ings with over 20% reduction in the average existing electricity generation capacity as energy bill. There will be further benefits for nuclear, coal and oil plants close. Recent other energy users when the electricity gen- statements by Ofgem and the National Grid erated is shared within the local community. indicate that capacity margins could fall be- This does not include any payments for Feed low 5% around the end of this decade, in- in Tariffs, and the potential is expected to creasing the likelihood of costly blackouts. grow as electricity prices increase. Widespread deployment of smart power fuel cell units would allow a greater number of INTERNATIONAL ADVANCES consumers to generate power for their own This is the right time for the UK to strategically needs while making a meaningful difference exploit the technological advances and unit to addressing grid security risks at a lower cost reductions achieved in the smart unit cost to the UK. Smart power units can enable sector and draw lessons from successful case more extensive deployment of inflexible re- studies in other economies. Since the Cali- newable power generation, such as wind fornian Self Generation Incentive Program and solar. There is also expected to be in- (SGIP) was established in 2001 there has creasing demand for electricity due to the been a significant shift in the choice of tech- uptake of heat pumps and electric vehicles. nology that applicants to the programme have submitted, with fuel cells accounting for The improvement in fuel cell unit costs and three quarters of installed capacity during the progressive development of products for 2011 and 2012. The USA example demon- the market, combined with proven service in strates that fuel cells have gained accep- international markets, presents a unique op- tance by the market as a superior technol- portunity for the UK where market potential is ogy for the self-generation of reliable elec- significant. Smart power units are suitable for tricity supplies. South Korea's 'green growth' 90% of households and small businesses in the energy strategy is designed to stimulate eco- UK, equal to around 22 million premises. nomic growth and job creation while increas- Converting millions of UK homes, flats and ing demand for clean and low carbon small businesses into mini power stations power generation, spurring fuel cell adop- would place power into the hands of con- tion. Based on its experience with cost re- sumers, unlocking a set of material benefits ductions in its Ene-Farm project, Japan pro- for the UK’s economy by delivering afford- poses to introduce 5.3 million fuel cell systems able, secure and clean energy. in homes by 2030. The German government has given its support to fuel cell micro com- REDUCING COSTS bined heat and power to provide low car- The deployment of 5 million smart power units bon flexible electricity generation at the would introduce 5 GW of new flexible distrib- point of use. This facilitates balancing inter- uted electricity generation capacity into the mittent electricity from wind and solar power energy system and could create total annual and reduces dependence on expensive gas fired generating capacity. www.ecuity.com 22

HYDROGEN STORAGE FOR LOAD they will give communities, businesses and individuals the opportunity to generate their LEVELLING ON THE GRID own electricity, heat and cooling on site. Mil- lions of people require off grid electricity The Energy Technologies Institute has pub- when they are travelling and fuel cells pro- lished an assessment of using the salt cavern, vide a flexible source. The main growth in traditionally used for storing natural gas, to carbon emissions is in developing countries store hydrogen for power generation to meet which may not have access to natural gas or the daily peak demands for electricity during an existing electricity infrastructure. the mornings and evenings. 30% to 40% of power produced is used to meet the chang- FUEL CELLS POWER REMOTE ing daily demand for power—this is called load following. Fossil fuel power stations can CONTROL SYSTEMS be used to back up Intermittent supplies of Simark Controls Ltd, a company of SFC En- renewable energy, but they are inefficient at ergy AG, will sell and service Schneider Elec- lower loads. tric Telemetry & Remote SCADA Solutions (TRSS) products in Western Canada. SCADA The report recommends that natural gas or (supervisory control and data acquisition) biofuels with carbon capture and storage uses coded signals to provide control of re- (CCS) would be used to create hydrogen mote equipment. TRSS enable operators to and a turbine would produce electricity to efficiently monitor and control field equip- meet peak power demands. This would re- ment and operations across widely dispersed duce the investment needed in clean power installations but they require reliable off-grid station capacity and lift the average effi- power. Applications range from simple reser- ciency of the UK’s power system. The report voir level measurement in the water and finds that electrolysis of hydrogen would only waste water industries to complex optimisa- be competitive if there were sufficient off tion and other production based processes in peak energy from renewables to provide en- the oil & gas industry. For this application ergy with no market value. Although the Simark offers a range of integrated, fully load following characteristics of fuel cells autonomous power supply solutions based may be good, the cost and performance of on SFC Energy’s popular EFOY Pro fuel cells. these does not yet match the turbine. Sev- www. sfc.com www.efoy-pro.com eral thousand alkali fuel cells powered by pure hydrogen would be required to match the turbine. Solid oxide fuel cells may offer more scope for good power cycle efficien- cies. The demand for hydrogen grows to around 20GW and smaller quantities of hydrogen can be fed to industry and possibly also the transportation sector for use in fuel cell vehicles. The UK has sufficient salt bed resources to provide tens of gigawatts of electricity (GWe) to the grid. This must have low emissions if the UK is to reach its 2050 climate change targets. www.eti.co.uk

Fuel Cell Power welcomes all means of cutting carbon dioxide emissions and envisages important roles for hydrogen electrolysis and fuel cells. There are increasing volumes of renewable energy freely available for the Telemetry & Remote SCADA (TRSS)- Field electrolysis of hydrogen. The cost of fuel cells Installation by Schneider Electric is coming down as production increases and 23

INSTANT POWER FROM FUEL ON SITE HYDROGEN AND CLEAN CELL POWERED BY WATER ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND SALT FuelCell Energy announces affordable on-site

generation of high purity hydrogen for trans- The myFC PowerTrekk is a portable power portation and industrial applications using plant – it produces the electricity you need, commercial fuel cell power plants. A mega- when you need it. It’s always-ready power, watt-scale FuelCell Energy hydrogen delivery generated from water and salt, is contained system can generate more than 1,200 kilo- in a slim power card. grams of hydrogen per day, suitable for lar-

ger industrial applications or adequate to

power a fleet of more than 1,500 fuel cell

cars while also producing two megawatts of

ultra-clean electricity. The emerging transpor-

tation market has the potential to signifi-

cantly increase hydrogen demand as vehi-

cle manufacturers introduce hydrogen fuel

cell vehicles.

Industrial users of hydrogen, including metal

processors, glass makers, operators of large

material handling equipment fleets and pet-

rochemical applications, can benefit from When the card is inserted into the charger, environmentally friendly and affordable on- hydrogen is produced to fuel up the cell and site hydrogen generation. FuelCell Energy is power you on. Whether you are travelling demonstrating these advanced manufactur- somewhere or stuck in a traffic jam, you can ing capabilities with a stationary Direct Fuel- use a portable charge for keeping your Cell® power plant that converts clean natu- phone open and operational. If you plan to ral gas into power and heat for the manufac- be outdoors a lot during the summer, far turing process and hydrogen that will be away from a power outlet, you can charge used as an oxidation preventative in the your phone from just water and salt - any- manufacturing ovens, replacing purchased time, anywhere. hydrogen. In addition, the fuel cells power

an electric vehicle charging station located In the Swedish Telecom Awards Myfc on-site. Industrial demand for hydrogen is achieved "Technology Provider Of The Year". substantial with more than 9 million kilograms Myfc has also been nominated for the Ger- per day produced and distributed to end man Design Award, which is the international users. premium prize of the German Design Coun- cil. Every year, top-quality submissions from product and communications design are awarded, all of which are in their own way ground-breaking in the international design landscape. Keep your fingers crossed for the results in September!

Fuel cell technology is a green way of producing electricity. It doesn’t use any fossil fuels and doesn’t generate any residual products. www.myfcpower.com

www.fce.com 24

FUEL CELLS HELP TO CUT GLOBAL WATER DEMAND

RENEWABLE ENERGY users and the environment. Uncertainties per- sist over potential human health and the long REDUCES GLOBAL WATER -term environment impacts of unconven- DEMAND tional sources of gas (fracking) which requires disproportionately large quantities of water According to the 2015 United Nations World and poses significant risks to water quality. Water Development Report, the planet is Yet there are pragmatic measures that can facing a 40% shortfall in water supply by 2030. be taken to co-produce energy and water Nearly all forms of energy require some services and to exploit the benefits of syner- amount of water as part of their production gies. These include combined power and process. Thermal power generation and hy- desalination plants, combined heat and dropower, which respectively account for power plants, using alternative water sources 80% and 15% of global electricity production, for thermal power plant cooling, and even generally require large quantities of water. energy recovery from sewerage water. Meeting ever growing demands for energy www.unesco.org will generate increasing stress on freshwater resources with repercussions on other users, FUEL CELLS CAN PRODUCE BOTH such as agriculture and industry. ELECTRICITY AND WATER Maximizing the water efficiency of power plant cooling systems and increasing the ca- Fuel Cell Power points out that fuel cells oper- pacity of wind, solar PV and geothermal en- ate in water balance. Their widespread use ergy will be a key determinant in achieving a will conserve the huge amounts of water cur- sustainable water future. In addition to dis- rently used by thermal power stations. Fuel placing water intensive thermal power, re- cells provided power and potable water for newables offer additional benefits, including the astronauts in the Apollo space pro- enhancing energy security and diversity, re- gramme and have now been developed to ducing GHG emissions and local air pollution, meet the growing requirements for electricity contributing to ‘green growth’, and mini-grid and clean water. They can be powered by or off-grid solutions which are often less costly energy from waste water, as well as by hy- than grid extension to rural areas (IEA, 2013). drogen produced by electrolysis when there Support for the development of renewable is superfluous wind or solar power. energy, which remains far below that for fossil fuels, will need to increase dramatically be- Pangaea Power Ltd, a newly formed com- fore it makes a significant change in the pany, is developing a disaster relief box to global energy mix, and by association, in produce both electrical energy and water. water demand. The system consists of a multi-stage anaerobic digester coupled with a solid waste gasi- Availability of water for various energy pro- fier, a water shift reactor for gas reformation, duction processes is far too rarely taken into a novel electric swing absorber to separate account in energy policy-making. The two the gas flow and alkaline fuel cells. The sys- domains have historically been regulated tem is first expected to produce 50kW of and managed separately (World Bank, 2013). electricity and between 250 and 350 litres of This has led to the adoption of unsustainable potable water per hour. The system will also practices that jeopardize the availability of provide up to 500 litres of grey, nutrient rich water resources and creates risks to other water per day. [email protected]

PROPOSED 63 MEGAWATT FUEL CELL PARK

FuelCell Energy, together with O&G Indus- are clean and quiet is very compelling" said tries, a leading construction company and William Corvo, President of CT Energy & Tech- CT Energy & Technology LLC, the project de- nology. "This project is advancing rapidly as velopers, announced a proposed 63.3 the right companies are involved and time megawatt fuel cell park in Beacon Falls, Con- and money is being invested to bring it to necticut. The project, known as the Beacon fruition." Chip Bottone, Chief Executive Offi- Falls Energy Park, will be the world's largest. cer, FuelCell Energy, Inc. said "This project is Under a letter of intent, FuelCell Energy has an effective approach to utilize private capi- been identified as the fuel cell supplier, and if tal for improved grid resiliency, contributing the park becomes operational, is expected materially to achieving the State's Renew- to be retained to operate and maintain the able Portfolio Standard (RPS) goals, and re- plants under a long term service agreement. ducing volatility of electricity prices." "Due to O&G Industries owns the property and CT En- the size of this project and the high availabil- ergy & Technology is developing and will ity of fuel cell power generation, this one pro- own the project. The electric grid intercon- ject meets about 10% of the State of Con- nection study is in process and site engineer- necticut's RPS requirements for 2016, and no ing is in advanced stages. State funds are needed as private capital will be used to finance the project." "O&G Industries has extensive experience in developing and constructing power genera- The fuel cell park and substation will only oc- tion from on-site installations to large scale cupy approximately 8 acres of the 23.8 acres power plants in excess of 600 megawatts," of land available. This low land requirement said David Oneglia, Chief Executive Officer, illustrates the advantage of fuel cell parks. O&G Industries. "This project makes so much Due to the high availability of fuel cell power sense for the local community and the region generation, fuel cell projects can generate 3 at large as we are proposing state-of-the-art to 4 times the amount of renewable energy power generation designed and built in Con- credits as intermittent renewable power gen- necticut, installed by a local company and eration. 63.3 megawatts is adequate to most importantly, delivered in a manner that power more than 60,000 homes, and the is affordable for rate payers and pays a ma- power is delivered around-the-clock no mat- terial amount of local and State-level taxes." ter the weather or time of day. Multi- megawatt fuel cell parks solve power gen- CREATING RENEWABLE ENERGY eration challenges as the combination of near-zero pollutants, modest land-use needs, WITH LOCAL JOBS and the quiet operating nature of fuel cell The project has the potential to generate up power plants facilitates their siting in urban to $90 million of tax revenue to the town of locations. Beacon Falls and the State of Connecticut over the project life. The fuel cell plants will be manufactured at the FuelCell Energy facility in Connecticut and installed by O&G, driving additional tax payments to the region and the State from job creation and reten- tion. Torrington-based O&G industries has approximately 1,000 employees living throughout Connecticut while Danbury-based Fuel- Cell Energy has more than 500 employees in Connecticut. "Returning a former sand mine site to the tax rolls is solid economic policy, and doing so with unobtrusive fuel cells that 26

CLEAN POWER FROM WASTEWATER

FuelCell Energy has made a power purchase Ernest Marquez, Jr., Principal Engineer, City of agreement (PPA) with the City of Riverside, Riverside, said: "The benefits of this fuel cell California to install a 1.4 megawatt com- project are that we avoid the flaring of the bined heat and power (CHP) Direct Fuel- biogas, we remove future compliance obli- Cell®(DFC®) power plant at the Riverside gations from the South Coast Air Quality Regional Water Quality Control Plant. The Management District regulations due to the Riverside wastewater treatment facility proc- emission of only water vapour from the fuel esses approximately 40 million gallons of cells, and we obtain carbon credits from the wastewater per day with around-the-clock California Air Resources Board. Fuel cells op- operations. The continuous power profile of erating on renewable biogas solve a number the fuel cells will support the treatment proc- of our issues and concerns about permitting ess, utilizing approximately one half of the and sustainability that are not easily or com- biogas generated to provide about half of pletely addressed by other forms of on-site the power needs for the facility. power generation."

The fuel cell power plant will convert biogas The City will reduce its power costs and avoid from the wastewater treatment process into the need to directly invest in the power gen- a continuous supply of ultra clean electricity eration equipment by utilizing the PPA struc- to power the facility as well as two electric ture and retaining FuelCell Energy to operate vehicle charging stations. It will also provide and maintain the power plant. The City thermal energy for the water treatment proc- found that retrofitting existing internal com- ess. The City of Riverside is forecasting cost bustion biogas engines for compliance with savings under the PPA, paying only for power clean air permitting regulations, specifically produced and advancing their sustainability South Coast Air Quality Management District initiatives. FuelCell Energy will install, operate Rule 1110.2, was a more expensive option. and maintain the plant under a long-term This illustrates a key advantage of DFC plants service agreement for a term of 20 years. The as they utilize chemistry rather than combus- plant is expected to be operational in 2016. tion to generate power, resulting in the virtual absence of criteria pollutants including nitro- "We are doing the right thing to ensure gen oxide (NOx) that causes smog, sulfur di- cleaner air for our residents to breathe as we oxide (SOx) that contributes to acid rain, and power critical facilities within a framework particulate matter that can aggravate that saves the city money," said Mayor Rusty asthma. Bailey of the City of Riverside, California. "The opportunity to further clean our air without FuelCell Energy has several megawatt scale significant investments in equipment, while fuel cells generating clean power from also obtaining cost savings, is a win-win." wastewater. www.fce.com

"It is great to provide the City of Riverside with a power generation solution that will deliver energy savings and energy security in an environmentally-friendly way with no capital investment required by the City," said Chip Bottone, Chief Executive Officer, FuelCell En- ergy. "Our fuel cell power plants are fuel flexible, utilizing on-site biogas for this application, which is carbon-neutral due to the renewable nature of the fuel source."

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL RACING CAR FOR THE FUTURE

GreenGT’s hydrogen fuel cell powered racing car is a real solution for the future. Its performance on the circuit and its autonomy are already equivalent to those of an internal combustion engine and there are still plenty of developments to come. Its technology can be used in any vehicle requiring high levels of power, including industrial vehicles, buses and trucks. www.greengt.com

25th—29th April 2016 EVENTS Group Exhibit Hydrogen + Fuel Cells 16th - 19th November 2015 Hannover Fair, Germany. Includes Europe’s Fuel Cell Seminar and Energy Exposition largest hydrogen and fuel cells exhibition. Los Angeles, California. Westin Bonaventure www.h2fc-fair.com Hotel www.fuelcellseminar.com 4th—5th May 2016 All Energy 2016 15th March 2016 The largest UK renewable energy event 12th UK International Conference on includes sessions on hydrogen and fuel cells. Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Glasgow, Scotland. www.all-energy.co.uk The Conference, Exhibition and Partnering 5th—8th July 2016 Event will be held in Birmingham, UK. 12th European SOFC and SOE Forum www.climate-change-solutions.co.uk Lucerne, Switzerland. www.efcf.com

Fuel Cell Power’s Blog covers all types of fuel cells and their applications in distributed power generation, portable power, CHP and transport. For millennia, energy has been obtained by burning fuels, which is changing the chemistry of the atmosphere and the oceans. Cleanly, quietly and efficiently the electrochemical conversion of fuels is now becoming a practical alternative to combustion. Fuel cells utilize fossil fuels or energy from waste efficiently. They can equally be powered by hydrogen which can be generated from intermittent renewable energy sources. Articles and features in Fuel Cell Power will help individuals, businesses and communities to plan for long term energy efficiency, price stability and cuts in harmful emissions. www.fuelcellpower.org.uk Fuel Cell Power provides information on the practical application of fuel cells. It is produced by the family and friends of the late Dr F T Bacon OBE, FRS, who dedicated his life to the development of fuel cell technology. Information can be obtained from: Jean Aldous, Editor, Fuel Cell Power, The Gallery, The Street, Woolpit, Suffolk, IP30 9QG. Telephone : 01359 245073 www.hydrogen.co.uk www.futureenergies.com www.fuelcellpower.org.uk