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PRIMARY SOURCE READERS Wendy Conklin PRIMARY SOURCE READERS Martin Luther King Jr. TCM10671 Wendy Conklin Quality Resources for Every Classroom Instant Delivery 24 Hours a Day Thank you for purchasing the following e-book –another quality product from Shell Education For more information or to purchase additional books and materials, please visit our website at: www.shelleducation.com For further information about our products and services, please e-mail us at: [email protected] To receive special offers via e-mail, please join our mailing list at: www.shelleducation.com/emailoffers 5301 Oceanus Drive Huntington Beach, CA 92649-1030 714.489.2080 FAX 714.230.7070 www.shelleducation.com S964 Martin Luther King Jr. Wendy Conklin, M.A. 1 Table of Contents The Dreamer ................................................................4–5 The Father Who Was an Activist ................................. 6–7 King Gets an Education in Segregation ....................... 8–9 Publishing Credits Transportation Segregation .......................................10–11 Historical Consultant Sitting Down to Get the Job Done ............................12–13 Shannon C. McCutchen Editor The Battle for Birmingham .......................................14–15 Torrey Maloof Editorial Director A Letter from Jail .....................................................16–17 Emily R. Smith, M.A.Ed. Editor-in-Chief March on Washington ..............................................18–19 Sharon Coan, M.S.Ed. Creative Director We Want to Vote! ......................................................20–21 Lee Aucoin Illustration Manager From Selma to Montgomery.....................................22–23 Timothy J. Bradley Publisher King Clashes with Some ...........................................24–25 Rachelle Cracchiolo, M.S.Ed. Poor People’s Campaign ...........................................26–27 The Fate of a Nonviolent Man .................................28–29 Glossary......................................................................... 30 Index .............................................................................. 31 Teacher Created Materials Publishing Image Credits .................................................................32 5301 Oceanus Drive Huntington Beach, CA 92649-1030 http://www.tcmpub.com ISBN 978-0-7439-0671-5 © 2008 Teacher Created Materials Publishing 2 3 The Dreamer A Famous Court Case In 1892, a man named Homer If ever there was a dreamer, it was Martin Luther King Jr. Plessy wanted to test the When he was just a little kid, he told his mother he was going to Fourteenth Amendment. This amendment says that all men turn this world upside down. There is no denying that this fi rst dream have equal protection under the came true. At that age, he had no idea he would fi ght his nation’s law. In other words, all men second civil war. It is certain that King had many more dreams, but should be treated equally. there was one that stood out from the rest. He said, “I have a dream Seven out of eight of Plessy’s that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they great-grandparents were will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of white. But laws in the South their character.” said that because Plessy had African American relatives, he was not a white man. When Plessy sat in the part of the King was a very gifted speaker. His words train for white people, the motivated people across the country. police arrested him. Plessy’s case went to the King grew up during a very diffi cult time United States Supreme in the South. The South had laws that kept Court. They ruled that races separate from one another. African as long as both African Americans and whites could not go to the Americans and whites had seating on trains, same restaurants or drink from the same then it was okay fountains. This treatment is called segregation that they had to sit (seg-rih-GAY-shuhn). separately. This was People in the South called these laws, the called “separate but Jim Crow laws. This referred to a character equal.” In the end, the case of Plessy v. from the 1800s. At that time, some white Ferguson made the actors painted their faces black. Then they put Jim Crow laws legal. on shows for entertainment. Jim Crow was This movie theater had two entrances, one for white people and one for African Americans. a famous character from those shows. This African Americans had to enter upstairs through a separate door. character made African Americans look silly. 4 5 The Father Who Was an Activist King’s father, Reverend Martin Luther King Sr., was the minister of a church in Atlanta, Georgia. He joined the National Booker T. Washington Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). This group Two Leaders felt that African Americans should be The African American community was not always treated the same as white people. Getting united. Booker T. Washington rid of the Jim Crow laws was a goal of the was the son of a white man NAACP. So, the group’s lawyers went to and a slave. He thought that court. When a judge threw out one of the African Americans should make laws, segregationists (seg-rih-GAY-shuhn- the best of their lives. He felt Martin Luther King Sr. greatly African Americans could istz) passed new Jim Crow laws. It seemed infl uenced his famous son. advance if they worked hard as if the NAACP made very little progress. and educated themselves. His Reverend King was an activist. He school, the Tuskegee Institute, led a march to get African Americans to taught African Americans crafts vote. He also argued that Atlanta should and trades so they could get better jobs. pay African American teachers the same as white teachers. W. E. B. Du Bois (doo-BOZ) Reverend King did not like Washington’s idea of waiting for “separate stood up for what but equal” to end. He he believed. He wanted everything to be taught his son to equal for African Americans do the same. These students are learning immediately. This is what important skills at Tuskegee led to the formation of Institute. the NAACP. W. E. B. DuBois 6 7 King Gets an Education Thurgood Marshall in Segregation As a boy, one of King’s friends was a white boy. This boy’s An Important Lawyer father owned a nearby store. During the school year, King went to Thurgood Marshall was an African the colored school and his friend went to the white school. (In the American lawyer. He worked for early 1900s, people used the word colored instead of black or the NAACP. African American.) Schools for white children had better facilities In the Brown v. Board of (fuh-SIL-uh-teez). In many of the schools for African American Education case, Marshall children, there were few desks and books. One day, King was told argued that separate could that he could not be friends with this white boy anymore. This never be equal. He said that made him very upset. Segregation did not make sense to him. having separate schools sent the message that African Americans were not as good as whites. This policy kept the African American students African Americans around the country celebrated from learning. The Supreme Brown v. Board of Education. Court agreed and ruled that segregation in schools was In 1954, a major segregation law changed. illegal (il-LEE-guhl). It was A seven-year-old named Linda Brown lived a huge victory. close to a white’s only school. Because she In 1967, President Lyndon was African American, she had to go to the Johnson appointed colored school across town. Her father sued Marshall to the Supreme Court. Marshall was the the school system and won. This famous case fi rst African American to is called Brown v. Board of Education of serve in this role. Topeka, Kansas. From then on, the law stated that schools had to be desegregated (dee-SEG- rih-gay-tuhd). Separate was not equal. Many states refused to enforce this law. King attended a school much like this one when he was a child. 8 9 off the buses. This made the city offi cials mad, so they outlawed the Transportation boycott. They sent King to jail and fi ned him $500 for violating this new law. The media printed stories in papers and showed King on Segregation television. NAACP lawyers fought the case in court. At the same time, Montgomery’s African Americans made a difference on the Buses in the South had signs that streets. Finally, the Supreme Court ruled that bus segregation was said African Americans could only ride against the law. in the back. While in high school, King Rosa Parks’s arrest report traveled to a town 90 miles (145 km) away to give a speech. He spoke about African Saying “No” Americans and the Constitution. While In 1955, an African American traveling home, he had to give up his seat woman named Rosa Parks on the bus to a white person. made a choice. She decided not to give up her seat when It was usually the lawyers who the bus she was on fi lled up. fought against segregation. But for real The bus driver told her to move change to take place, everyone needed to the back of the bus, but she to stand up against unfair laws. African just sat there quietly. He did Americans needed to join together as a not know that Parks was an NAACP activist. The bus driver community. In this way, they could called the police and had bring about change. her arrested. King was just a young preacher in This was not the fi rst time an Montgomery in 1955. On December 1, African American refused to Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat give up a seat on a bus. But this on a bus. A local civil rights activist, time was diff erent. The African Jo Ann Robinson, helped start a bus Americans in Montgomery joined boycott.
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