Classification of Educational Systems in OECD Member Countries

DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 113 233 SO 008 608

.TITLE Classification of Educational Systems in OECD Member Countries: Australia, Luxembourg, Switzerland.' INSTITUTION Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris (France). PUB DATE 75 NOTE 105p.; For related documents, see ED 023 171, ED 076 453, and ED 086 598 AVAILABLE FROMOECD Publications Center, Suite 1207, 1750 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20006 ($5.50)

EDRS PRICE MF-$0.76 Plus Postage. HC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Classification; Ccmparative Analysis; *Comparative Education; Educational Programs; Elementary Secondary Education; *Foreign Countries; Higher Education; Statistical Data IDENTIFIERS Australia; *Educational Systems; Luxembourg; Switzerland

ABSTRACT This volume is one,of a series intended to provide a comparative view of the education systems of all Crganization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Member countries. It complepents an OECD handbook entitled Methods and Statistical Needs for Educational Planning (see ED 023 171) .The document is based an the need to establish a conversation key for member countries so that published national data can be readily converted on the basis of a standardized system, as proposed in the handbook. The purposes are to assist OECD Member countries in the development of their educational statistics and to provide a basis for the collection of internationally comparable statistics on educational systems and progia-ms...__In this volume, the educational systems of Australia, Luxembourg, and Switzerland are classified by type of education or institution: Preprimary, Primary, General Secondary, Technical Secondary, Teacher Training, and Higher Education. The information requirements, qualifications conferred, organization of studies on a full-time or part-time basis, and other information of possible, interest are presented. A glossary of terms used in the OECD classification is provided. (Author/JR)

*********************************************************************** * Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * *materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * *to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * *reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * *of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * *via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not * *responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions* *supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. * ****************************,3******************************************* . .

u...... n ,`"

ono0 Pub Ile en'Irancals sous le Arg

CLASSIFICATION DES SYSTEMES D'ENSEIGNEMENT AUSTRALIE LUXEMBOURG SUISiE

00003 CLASSIFICATION OF EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS IN OECD MEMBER COUNTRIES

AUSTRALIA LUXEMBOURG SWITZERLAND

ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT \PARIS 1975

cf 00004 The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Devel- opment (OECD) was set up under a Convention signed in Paris on 14th December, IVO, which provides that the OECD shall promote policies designed ti; achieve the highest .sustainableeconomic growth and employment and a rising standard of liningin Member countries, while maintaining financialsta- bility, and thus to contribute to the development of the world economy, to contribute to sound economic expansion in Member as well as non-member countries in the process of economic development, to contribute to the expansion of world trade on, a multilateral, non-discriminatory basis in accordance with international obligations. The Members of OECD are Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States

t')Orgamsitzn for Economic Co-operation and Pevelopment, 1975 Queries concerning permissions ortranslation rights should be addressed to Director of Information, OECD 2, rue AndrePascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France

00005 S

INTRODUCTION

die present volunte is one of a series intended to provide a corn-. parattve view, of the education systems of all OECD Member countries. It is a compierpent to the earlier OECD "handbook:" foreducational planners;Methods and Statistic-a.' Needs for Educational Planning which was published in 1967; one of,theconclusions of which was the need to establish a "conversion key .or -all OECD Memberountries So that published national data can be readilycatr4rted on the basis of the standardized system" as proposed in the above publication*,.

The purpose of both the "handbook'' and this classification is'to_ assist OECD Member countries in the development of theireducatio6-, al statistics and to provide a basis for the collection of internationally . comparable statistics. In fact, although education is first and foremost a nationalconcefh, the problems experienced in the development of educational-systemS are often similar in a number of countries.Far this reason, it may be useful to compare different countries' solutions tospecific problems. But for such comparisons to be valid, they. must be based on common terms-of reference; the statistics must, insofar as possible,have the same meaning in the various countriesconcerned.

For the statistics published by nationalauthoi4ities to be used as a basis for ,inter-country 'comparisons, a classification systemand a set of definitions must be adopted which are acceptable andapplicable to all the coUntries interested in making such comparisons. i Efforts have been made in various OECD studies to publish statistics on as comparable a basis as possible; no classification ofe'duca- tionsystems in their entirety has yet been established.The preparation of such a classification for OECD Member countries wasincluded in the programme of the Committee for Scientific andTechnical Personnel which has recently been replaced by the Education Committee.

. * This publication w -.3 endorsed by the OECD Councilas a suitable framework for the compilation of comparable educational statistics".

7 - The "handbook-provides the basic analyticalframework and rationale for the classification; the present study shows indetail how the different parts of each country's education systemare related to the reference frame in the "handbook".It is intended to be a guide to anyone who wishes to compare or understand the structure of theeducation system in OECD Member countries.

To establish a conversion key for the different countries,we have to start with the national classification of eachcountry; in principle, only those types of education or institutionswhich are explicitly treated ..in national statistics are included.The degree of detail in published statistics varies enormously from country tocountry, and this explains the divergence in the size of the entry fordifferent countries in these volumes. Where appropriate, and when theinformation was available, other types of education have also been mentioned,

The next step was to compile maximuminformation on these different types of education so as to assess them qualitatively.The evaluation criteria included length of studies, admissionrequirements (i. e. previous Schooling), qualifications conferred and the possibilityof transfer to other types of education, organisation of studieson a full-time or on a part-time basis, and any other information of posSibleinterest to poten- tial readers.

On the basis of this information, each type ofeducation or institution has been reclassified under the OECD system, bothfrom the standpoint of standardized designation and in terms of its positionon the educational ladder by year,of study.

Since education is now being extensively reorganised inmany coun -< tries, the present study attempts to present the existingsituation but also to give an indication of changes which have occurredduring the past ten years.

While the present classification is valid for thesituation at the date mentioned for each country, it mayno longer hold for the new educational structures and concepts towards whichsome Countries are already moving: for example, the discontinuance of thenotion of levels and grades, continuing or recurrent education, etc.These changes will be taken into account in future revisions of this classification.

, - Since educational statistics in most countries are stillcast in a national mould which reflects traditional administrativeneeds, it is hoped, that this conversion key may help topromote a better mutual . understanding of the systems-in the different countries,permit the coMpilation and presentation of comparable statisticsand-enable 'each country to identify 'easily what is covered by each aggregate preiented in a,particular study.

= DEFINITION OF TERMS USED IN THE OECD CLASSIFICATION*

This is a classification by type of education and not by institution providing education.In fact, pupils of the same institution may, depending on the section or options chosen, take a general orvocational course, kcourse preparing them forhigher studies, or a terminal course. Oh ly the different types ofeducation are suitable for inter- country comparison: A ease in poihtfethat of the - universities: as edUcatfonal institutions they may provide, in addition to courseslead- ing to the officially;reCognised first universitydegree, courses of shorter .cluratian,leading to qua-litigations below first-degreelevel and comparable to those awarded by higher educationinstitutions not having university status.Conversely, non-university institutions may award the equivalent of a university degree.

Pre-,primary Non-coinpulsory education preceding entrance into primaryeducation.

Primary Compulsory general education for all pupils.In systems providing a comprehensive-type educationfor all pupils which covers all or part of their compulsory schooling, only those yearsin which there is no differentiation (in the form of subject options) have been regardeda.S2 primary education.

General secondary Education which is not direct preparation for an occupation.

Technical secondary Education designed as direcfpreparation for an occupation ortrade,

For further details of this classification, the reader is referred toChapter IX of Methods and Statistical Needrfor Educational Planning[04CD,_ J 7 Secondary (a) General or technical education offers pupils,upon completion, a relatively good chance of continuing their studies ina higher education establishment.

Secondary (b) General or technical education, after which pupilshave little chance of continuing to higher ,education. This separation of secondary education into types(a) and (b) seems preferable to:the frequently-used division into lowerand upper levels or 1st and 2nd cycles because in more and morecases the lower level is common to all pupils (although sometimes composedof different sections) and only at the end of this period do pupilsreceive final guid- anceand make definitive choice concerning their future schooling. Teacher training Preparatory training for the teaching profession.

Non-university type higher education* Higher education leading to a specific qualification, often occupation- al and, unlike the first university degree, generally not offeringthe possibility of pursuing doctorate or other post-graduate studies.

-University type higher education* The length of the different types of education variesfrom country to country.It was therefore considered advisable to specify thecor- responding years of study in the educational scaleso as to permit any regrouping necessary for inter-country comparisons.

,* Where it has not been possible to mai:: the distinction betweennon-university higher education and university higher educationas defined here, tht level of the degree awarded at the end of the different types of studies has been specified:below first-degree level, intermediate diploma (usually preparatory to first degree),first or basic.degree, higher degree (above first degree), doctorate.

--N 8 00009 )

G.- .. er. /

......

_AUSTRALIA (March 1974)

Compulsory schooling : 9 or 10 years, , from the age of 6 to 15 or 16 according to theStat9

00010 '1Ild/ AUSTRALIAEachp,litical of th'e and six administrative Australian States has a Ministei'of Education and a Department of Education which, respectvely, 10 .of schools,throughsystemteachers.sponsibility examination is capital the efor direct andsystems, all recurrent responsibaspects of their In the two Australian Territories, arm of the gState ants Governmentand assistance in ity theschemes offield the fcT theAustralian students.transfer Government. from secondary school systems, and because of the Australian Capital Territory to vocational education, and the which financially supports.all this there ofare education. distinct differences and the Northern Territory, the The Eta4e governments have the recruitment and utilisation ofeducational systems in Australi in organisation, typ s educational represent t primary 'third or fourththereexaminationdenominationalThere isare,year a trendinoftaken all secondand towards inStates, which the thefinalchar pri cry and secondaA7 governmentabolition of externalyear examinationsry education'and usedfees. for w_11 matriculation be replaced by systems By 1975all external examinations schools in which tuition is free purposes isat still this retainedlevel also. iri all States except of internalat assessment. the -junior secondary level, taken and private schools which The senior secondary level at the end ofone. the However, are mainly Type of Education or Institution (inlength years) of Study ,RequimMeMs Entrance Certificate Part Time Full/ Other Information O.E.C.O. ClassificationType of Years of 1. Pre-primary education (1) (2) (3) (0 (5) (8). Education (I) Study (8) centres1.1. Pre- not school ableVari- Under 6 . Gener- The majority. of these schools schoolsattached to primary . oneally nowby non-profitreceive some organisations, financial assistance but are run all. Pre-primary .i y , dayhalf or availablefrom State forgoVernments. teachers' salaries Grants are and, r . moreper equipment.in some areas, towards buildings In one State pre-schools and __. . week partment.are run by the State EduCation De- In the Australian Capital 11 .t, / pre-schooltheTerritory Australian andcentres theGovernment Northernand employs Territory, the provides, . theaAustralian Pre-Schoolsprovisionteachers, allocation Governmentofbut Commissionequipment.of parents expenditure has assistto established The examine in the to en- , givenmatelysure that,an six opportunity years,over a allperiod to children undertake of approx* are at ' . Theseleast schoolsone year are of notpre-school currently education. in- . 1.2Kindergarten 1-2 r piledcluded by thein thestittistical regular statistics services. com- , primaryattached schoolto 'a ' 4-5 years. oldGenerally / ableVari- attachedInchildrenpulsoryThough one State,schodl,attendanceuntil tobegin primary "tbekindergarten school age schools ofbefore 6, is not 'com- are andmost are that age. preparatoryorPre-primary . - 7 usuallyschoolingattendedinto Grade referred forbetween I.one to year5 asand beforeInfants about 8 Throughout Australia, entry School. is' AUSTRALIA 4 4 11 J Type of Education ... Length of Stud - Entrance Certificate . Full/ Other Information _ 0.E.C.O. ClassificationType of Years of or Institution (1) ( in years(2) Requirements (3) (4) Part Time (5) (6) Education (7) Study (8) 2. . Primary . . . Australian Capital Faucation ,enerally 5 years No certificate, , . , Fulltime locationIrrespective of primary of the schools,size or thestan- ' Primary 1-6 Tasmania,SouthTerritory, Wales, Victoria New of age 1 secondaryprogressionis automatic school to / dardssimilarsimilar, of tuition. training as teachers in and a giventeachhave receivedStatein both are SouthNorthern Australia, Territory. 7 ... syllabusesState_Educationrural and metropolitan of,instruction, -Department areas. butprescribes Each I. 1-7 QueenslandWestern Australia. ( pupilthemteachers toabilities. local have circumstancesdiscretion to andadapt to In general, one . .- , . syllabus.teachesteacher all,is in or charge most, ofsubjects a class on and the .. , 3. Secondary education . sentedpointedIn the below firstout thatbetweenplace the it 1stdistinction should and 2ndbe pre- . madecyclescomparison for secondary purposes an schoolsof international has been do not always corre- . t area,-fact,spond todependingsecondary the existing oneducation the situation. State can or be the In provided:(a) in primary/secondary schools _ . . t beginninggathering ofchildren compulsory from schoolingthe . . -' Thistill situationthe age of is 15 becoming approximately. rather . (b) secondary schools providing bothuncommon. . . 1st and 2nd cycles and enrolling , . situationchildren ofis aboutquite 11-17.usual. This . . -...--,...., (c) separate secondary schools for. 1st and 2nd cycles. .----. . . I . AUSTRALIA ".> 12 Type of Education or Institution length of Study Requirements Entrance Certificate Full/ . Other Information 0 E C 0 Classification (I) (in afyears) (3) (4) Part Time (5) c (6) EducationType of + - Years Study of -'."st cycle . . ,-. (r) (0 Secondary -". ',DschoolCompletion7 theyears accordingState primaryof o or tocalleddart' 1stthe certificate cycleace,rdingState: secon- timeFull curriculajectsIn addition begun into primarythe study school, of basic the sub- include elective subjects generalSecondary(a) cr (b) r :.olthT,/r_tory,Vietral._an 'hales and 'apital New 4 School Certificate Governmentandspecialisedorsuch social commercial as foreignschoolseie,ces studies subjects st.dentslanguages, and usually moretechnical ,da ,ar's, mathematics. natural 7-10 Northern Territory . 4 Leaving Secondary attendschool local students schools, freqiently but private travel out ,g. . :asmaniaand South Australia School(Preliminary) Certificatecertificate sultsbasedchoiceof their ellobtained of area generalschool cf in res andabilitybasic dence.course subjects tests, is usually4 re-and The _ r 8-41 .ueensland 4x SchoolJunio? Certificate Certificate ofInparents' secondarythe pagt, and students'schoolsthere were providing wishes. several- dif- -- types 7-107-9 iNestern Australia x CertificateAchievement vial,presentferent technical types although ofand education, agricultural,selective buthigh atcomer- . . I 8-108-10 7.2 Senior high or , theschools trendin one still iscomprehensive towards exist groupingin someschool States,pupils whbre, in 2rd cycle secordary ing-tocate:ad cyclecalled State certifi- accord-time : Full consistingaddition to of a English,core curriculum mathematics, usually . social studies, and one or more ' So'...thTerritoryAstraliar Wales andCarital New , Successfultion of 'stcomple- cycle ' Higherlationtificate/atricu- school Cer- sportandjectssoiences, interests. bestare theypartsuited capof to thespeciali6e their curriculum abilitiei4 in sub-,and Physical education and , 11-12 -Ncrhernand South. Territory Australia i SecondaryPatric.ulation/ School usualmostisinter-school schools beingin State introduced participate- matches.secondary in schoolsthein regularprivate and Co,education is 12 '...ileensland . . MatriculationCertificateSenior(Internal) Certificate, commercialnowsector. equipped subjects, to teach woodwork domestic and sclencv Most secondary schools are . 111-12 Las'ania 1 or 2 II Highertificate/Matrieu- School Octr- Thetionscasesother 1st agriculturalcyclearetechnical organised secondary subjects subjects. on leaving a stateand incerti-e level. Examina- some 11 or lation . ficate gives access to vocational ' 10-11 '.!.' or classessecretarial in technical courses orcolleges, to junior nursing . . 13 AUSTRALIA 0 E C.0 Classification Type of Education or Institution length of Study i - Requirements Entrance Certificate Part Time Full/ Other Information A Type of Years of (1) (in years) (2) (3) (4) (5) s (6) Education (/) , 1(1)Study c Io posts in commerce, industry or public /-12 VictoriaWestern Australia 3 Completionfloats of 1st 1st cycle certi- LeavingculationHigher7ertificate/Matri- SchoolCertifi- daryadministration.colleges,cate leaving/Matriculation gives colleges access toof teacheradvanced certifi- training educa- The Acd cycle secon- 11-17 cycle . catelation and Matricu- 'lion,mostbythe and jectsState.sthe candidaitpas uwersitles particular or thegroups 2nd provided institution.ofpasseeincycle suloects examinations that the required sub- In Department,arerepresentatives controlled the byuniversities, froma board the comprisingEducation. private . ... by trendtakePupilsschoolsthe State.the towardsattending andpublic teachers' examinations examinations private organisations. schools beingre- organised must There is a present . withouttoplaced ficateInsuch some byinstitutions.obtaining receiveschoolStates, assessmentsathe pupilsschool-attendance leaving leaving forcerti- entryschool N . ' certificate from the Principal. , 4. technicalVocational and / tionalThis section training refers given only in institutionsto the voca- 4-?°'16eml-e-tcasev- education 5-ln toful 4 completionyears of. of 3 genera- success- certificateApprenticeship blocktimePart or areTheoreticalexperience designedcrhool,other than andtoacquired comprehensivesupplementpractical on the trainingpractical job.secondary On secondaryTechnical (b) fromRangeiii10-15 secondar'S' scaool release ' dentstarting must theenrol apprenticeship in the appropriate the stu- I\ ' duringcollege.trade courseworking given hours: by a technical Instruction is usually giver, hours per week V , daryvarylevelof education.fromstudies attaiAd 8 to takes 10. by intostudents account in secon-the The organisation AUSTRALIA 14 Type of Education Length of Entrance 0 E.C.O. Masi lotion . or Institution (1) (in years) Study (2) Requirements (3) Certificate Part Time Full/ Other Information Type of Years of courses4.2. Certificate 7time part2 fullto catesecondaryUsually or certificate1st certifi- cycle tenceVocational certificate compe- (4) timeFull or (5) studentsThese courses for technical are designed occupations (6) to prepare and Technical Education (1) Range StudyOH time tradetiontions,entrance ofcourse appropriate or examina-comple- partt inN tosystems.timeThey inhave coursescansome passed be cases/or eftheror examinations a mixture full-timediploma of in courts.both Candidates may be required or part- certain secondary (b) f 11-18 ficatespecific level. subjects at the school Courses cover such sub- certi- .. , , accounting,jects as industrialshorthand, electronics,typing, arts, courses4. Diploma more7 or secondarytionMinimum of 1stis certifi- comple-cycle Diploma . timePull or courseThewool average grading is three length and full architectural of time a full-time years but drawing Technical Range tionsuccessfulexamination,cate of plussecondary entrancecomple- or timepart greatworkeludesvariationsthe infollowingvariety bothlaboratories are lectures of common.areas: subjects and workshops.practicalis taught art, architec- The course inin A versityhigher(according(b)secondary or uni from11-18 certificatepletionschooling, of approvedorcourse com- acquiringqualificationspharmacyagriculture,ture, business and one library pureyear's aremanagement, andawarded science.practical applied onlyengineering,atudy) science,exper-A few after to field of collegescreasinglytionsgraduateDiplomaience giving coursesstudents.of in beingadvanced thediploma areoccupationtransformed alsoeducation.courses available concerned. Schools and sec- areinto in- to 4.4 Other tecni- VariableiVariable .,' y cal courses ' go award usuallyVariableMosf post-graduate, post-certificate-and technical colleges also organise Adult timepart providemotor,generalfresherpoet mechanics,-trade traininginterestcourses courses asetc.onsuch wellsome oras short-termaspectsManual Some of themas courses of arts, ofre- education . , otherschool'schoolcoursesagriculture, public certificate/Matriculation :eavingto prepare examinations.and certificate general adults secondaryfor the or Ligher or AUSTRALIA 15 Type of Education or Institution (inLength years) of Study Requirements Entrance Certificate Part Time Full/ Other Information 0 E C 0 ClassificationType of Years of Study correspondence4.5 Technical 0) Vari-able (2) regularThe same courses as for (3) regularThe same courses as for (4) ayeVari-, (s) Eachtechnical State has correspondence set up a system teaching of to (6) asThe forsame Education 0) (S) courses t.- * structiontinueenable their students is studies. given in eitherrural areasin technical to con- Practical in- . coursesregular , " . settwicecolleges up afor year during a certainor insessions mobile time heldinworkshops various once or . local areas. . S. educationAgricultural 2-3 schoolingyearstionSuccessful of of 4, secondary comple- 5 or 6 universitycatestudied.specialcultureDiploma in agriculturefieldorin degreeinagri- the Certifi- timepartFull or alldiplomaversities.Alleducationtural StatesStates levelsscience exceptand offerand Inat agriculturalat Tasmania.%trainingcollegescertificate degree levelinof collegesadvancedAndAuicul- in uni- in citynon-uniirer-versityHigher uni- or o. Special Vari- Variable Variable Full Physically or intellectually handl- Special Variabl education able time educationalresidentialtogether.voluntaryStatecapped authorities children organisations, facilitiesschools are and areeducated byand necessary, Churchoften teaching by workingandboth In some instances, when t...- ,. andstaffAustralianSomeorganisationLion accepts are financialdepartment supplied responsibilityGovernment provides assistancebywhile a State islivinga voluntary also fcrfrcmeducA2------"' quaw th erefare. primaryOther kinds and of available. educationsecondary . . - _ school,S-.1 Oorrespqndence ableVari- Variable . Variable Fulltimepart or establishedCorrespondence in eachschools State have capital been to secondaryPrimary or 1-12 schools,becausecater for ofsickness thegeographical needs or offor tAudents, isolationother reasons who,from . ,:;, AUSTRALIA 'A 16 Type of Education _ Length of Study Requirement:, Entrance Certificate Full/ Other Information 0 E C 0 Classification -- or-institutran (1) n- year* (2) - (3) - (4) __ Part Time (5) (6) Education Type of 0) Years of Study fi educationTheycannot initially attend butv proitan isordinary1, nowided possible onlyschool. primary to . . :: 4.. ! N. coursecomplete up ato primary matriculation and secondary standard. - air7.: School% of *he ...j , ,.1, 1'1'4 ableVari- Variable Variable parttimeFull or usefulordinarydentsTheto Schools give asupplement littleschool geographically of ofthelife tothe Air correspondenceand atmosphere are toisolated anprovide attempt of atu- a secondaryPrimary or 1 - 12 , suchcourses. schools which enable students to There are at present twelve 8. - radiotalk toequipment. teachers by the use of two-way colleges8.1 Teachers trainingTeacher , , teachers8.'.1 Primary , ,.. , secondarycessAccording In 2nd leavingto-suc- cycle ..ertificatePrimary teachers timeFull advancedhaveAll Statenow education.become government accredited teachers colleges colleges of Primary teacher universityHigher non- 13 - 1 5 . cessobligatory)certificate in English (suc- is superviseddenthominationalcitieseducation teachersgenerally and teaching isa teachersnumberalso practiceconducted of colleges. privatedo eachperiods in anduniver-year. ofde- Stu- 8.1.2teacheis Secondary 4-5 quiredofleavingSecondary the forlevelcertificate schooluniver- re- diplomaversity.ertificate,Secondary ofdegfee educa-teacher' plusuni- timeFull specialistsfessionaluniversitySecondary training. in teachersstudies a combination inusually addition ofundertake sub- to pro- They are normally universityHigher 13 - . 1 5/17 city entrance tion . modernscience.jects languages, such as Englishmathematics and history,and Professional preparation in- c supervisionaalversityludes practice of teachersstaff teaching and college the underobservation or the . if demonstration lessons. 1 AUSTRALIA 17 Type of Education Length of Study Entrance Certificate rt Full/ .. Other Information 0 E C 0 Classification or Institution (in years) (2) Requirements (3) (4) Part Time (5) (6) EducationType of (1) Years of Study (6) -- teachers3.1.3 Specialist (music, Or 3-5 Usually in terms reacher of timeFull the length of studies varies according Higher 13 - 1 oommeroialdomesticart, manual science, subjects) arts. . tionleaving/matricula-cycleof success certificate secondary in 2nd specialist subject teacheshortertotype serve.the of institutioneducationcoursesschool inare institutions.which concernedprovided the teacherwhollydnd the byIs In several States, the universityor non- /17 education3.1.4 Physical teachers time6 parttime3 Full or matriculationcertificate/Secondary leaving teacherPhysical education .,, ).31111timepart or State.teacherteachersCoursesin most education for areStates, physicaloffered andinstitution ineducationin universitiesat least in eachone Higheauniversityoruniversit/ non- 13 - 3.2teachers Fre-school colleges matriculationcertificate/cessAccording in leaving to suc- cateteacher'sFre-school certifi- Itime Full Unionsprivate,Allthe institutions Stateand conducted similar of Tasmania of bodies,by this Kindergarten wherekind except arethere in is a Higheruniversity non- 13 - 1 . government institution. . 3. Advanced:olleges of more3 or Secondaryleaving schoolcertifi- Associate(university diploma or timeFull or TertiaryIn 1965 thdEducation Committee in Australiaon the Future recom- of . L universityHigher . '13 - - Agriculture 2ducation . cate/matriculation Firstnon-university),Fost-graduate degree, timepart mendedsultopment thesome of diversificationhigherexisting education. technological and devel- in- As a re- universityor non- - Applied sciences Art and designuildi rig, survey- certificatedegree,diploma, Advanced Master's Collegesteacherscollegesofstitutions advanced wereofcolleges wereAdvancededucation, formed. developed have Education. nowand asbecomenew colleges All State The - Ebusiness ngineeringtechnologying,'ommerctal architecture studies and and socialmoretionaltuitionrally directed requirementsandgiventhey practical provideintowards universities. than emphasishasindustrial tuitiona more and voca-gene-and is Some - Liberal studiesMus c i byTheotherscater a type specificfor are ora specialistwidetypes college range of tuition areinstitutions.of vocations,largely provided - Fara-medical Teacher education Atofevolved onGovernmentpresent,the a area dollarin termsin finances for1(17',which of dollar the it thethese specific basisAustralian institutions for needs is located. AUSTRALIA 1 18 Type of Education Length of Entrance D.E.0 O. Classl ication or Institution (1) (in years) Study (2) Requirements (3) Certificate Part Time Full/ Other Information EducationType of Years of Study (4) (5) Australianfees.able$1.85 from for StaterecurrentGovernment grants expenditure will and assumestudents' avail- the However, from 1974 ihe (6) - (8 (I) . responsibilitytiary education; of financing tuition feesof ter- will be ...... arrangementsappropriateprogrammeabolished introduced.and adjustments with a new the student States. in.,financial' assistanQe There will be . . .. they4theseFor years part-timeare studies ofthus full-time ableisstudents longer to students,acquire thethan duration the and 3 of con- or . . timewhichcurrently students. may alsosome beprofessional required of experience full- Some collliges offer ,.. 4 external tuition by correspondence. . December,971wherebyAdvancedThe Australian the .Education tolevels developCouncil ofwas thesystemsseton different Awardsup in in . .- Transfersawardtentcolleges willbut betweennotbeand comparablenecessarilythe universities qualifications and uniform. consis- and they --., . possiblecolleges andof advanced-educationstudies already completed are 4 , atitution,-ompleteddecisiontion inare one totaken concerned. elsewhereor give the into creditother consideration.rests kindfor with studiesof theinstitu- The in- 10. Universities 3 to 6 + Matriculation, BatchSlor's degree Pull 2 to1 Valid orto 3 cerningEachits university own the rules number con-haspass combination of DoctorateMaster's degree or honours. timepart or Universities,tiveAustralian .nstitutionscouncil universities or colleges senate.with their of are advanced ownautonomous administra- From 1974 or1 - quiredassubjects, the level as .fre-well . EducationDiploma of timePull ,-pursesnicaleducation,.n colleges section will teachers be 9offering financedabove. colleges tertiary. and as described tech- AUSTRALIA 't 19 Type of Education Length of Study Entrance 4 Certificate Full/ Other Information O.E,C 0 Classification Years of or Institution (1) On years) (2) Requirements (3) (4) Part Time (5) (6) EducationType of-(1) Study(a) . generallyeachAs thanties,the year the numbercandidates ishavebasic limited ofhigher requirements.new seeking in studentsqualifications most admission unversi- admitted andThefulldegree ecaordinglength or variespart-time. of tostudies accordingwhether for students ato first the facultyare The, various sub- ' - majorsconsistyears'asthejects minors, syllabus inoffered stut§'ofwhich atinvolving,only of canleastcase each be they one studiedacademic appear one either oryear, on two a8or Every first degr ust 1Univer ng to qualifications (diplomas ialso organise courses . . . ' universityandpost certificates) graduate level level,qualifications at non-university although arethe ornon- almost, completely phased out. '0 ' shortcannottuitionSome universitiesvacation attend for students lectures,schools/tutorials. provide (part-time) except external for who . i nationsExternal as students on campus take students. the same exam.- /1. SpecialisedOthereducation kinds of . of 11.1music Conservatoria 3 to 4 + tranceSamefor conditions university except for as en- universityDiplomaBachelor's (non- level). degree Fullparttime and fiveatedThere States; with are universitiesconservatoria and of themusic others in two of them are affili- universityHigheror non- 2 to1 4 orto 2 diplomarequiredfor which courses matricu-ation is not Master'sDoctorate degree time responsibilityCanberraeducation.are attached School to of ofcolleges the Music Australian whichof advanced is the In addition there is the university . courseDepartmentstudies.offers of apractical fourof Education year and full-time theoreticaland which diploma AUSTRALIA t 20 Type of Education or Institution Length of Study Requirements Entrance Certificate Full/ Other Information O.E.0 D Class' 'c ation 1 (1) (in years) (2) (3) (4) Part Time (5) (6) EducationType of (1) , i. Years of Study (8), art11.2 Schools of See See 11.1 see 11.1 Full J 1 11.1 _ andtime design,coursesApart from somein painting,the technical art schools sculpture colleges which andalso offer Higheroruniversity non- ' timepart arts.offer courses in plastic and graphic . university Australiandramatic11.7 Institute art ballet and of 1-4 dingVariable,tion's to institu-require- aecor- Diploma andtimeFull . universityHigher non - school11.4 Educational ments timepartFull ... .4, defencetraining services in the time alsocribedApart provide frombelow, the tuitionthe advanced defence of coursesvarying services des-levels . . - Royal Australian 1 Matriculation Gives access to recruits.in their apprentice schools for young Naval College SouthUniversityand2nd engineering Walesyear scienceof New at coringtheUniversityAt 1q68, thisfirst first collegeselected year of degree. Newof affiliated cadets aSouth science completeWales withand since the only engin- universityHigher . - Royal Military College i Matriculation Bachelor's(1st diploma) degree college7his college of the became University an affiliated of New South Higher . - Royal Australian 4 Matriculation Wales in 1968. , , university Air Force Academy diploma)(tatBachelor's and higher degree UniversityThis Academy of isMelbourne affiliated and withoffers the universityHigher . 1 scienceapermanent first asdegree officerswell andas ahighercourses doctorate. degrees leading in to - Austral.ian staffAustraliancollege's: RbyalAir 1 To be an officer - Adult . CollegeForce Staff - . -a education . School'1.5 ofAustralian Pacific Vari- Variable ' Variable , Full This school, attached to the Depart- Administration able time dingadministrationmentin theprimaryof Territories,various and in aspectssecondary Territoriep provides of teaching inclu-training service and educationAdultuniversityorHigher non- AUSTRALIA 21 Type of Education length of Study Entrance Full/ Other Information 0 E C.O. Classification Years of or Institution' (1) (in years) . (2) Requirements (3) Certificate('- (4) Part Time (5) (6) EducationType of (7) Study (8) StaffAdministrative11.6 College Australian ableVari- Variable Variable timeFull ThiscoursestradeGovernment,In is close unions.a forprivate co-operationadministrators.the armedorganisation services with the workI4Odultand-the It conducts residential education AUSTRALIA CLASSIFICATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION BY FIELDS OF STUDY 22 Universities and colleges of advanced education Fields of Study O.E C.D Classification Fields of Study 01 C 0 Mmsdiutim Humanities, fine artsArchabology including: Humanities WoolTextilePollution and technologypastoral control sciences Technology If Divinitysnaffles 11 Natural sciences including:Astronomy LinguisticsHistoryLanguages 11 AppliedMathematics psychology Pure sciences FineDramaPhilosophy arts (arts and crafts) F li4912"' arts BotanyBiologicalBiochemistry technology PureTechnology sciences LawJurisprudenceCriminologyMusic 'Law MicrobiologyMarineEntomology biology IV Social and related Accountancysciences:Education SocialEducation sciences Para-medical including:SpeechPhysiotherapyOccupationalChiropody therapy therapy Medical sciences EconomicEconomicsDemographyCommerceAnthropologyAdministration statistics Engineering, technologyArchitectureAeronautical including: engineering ArchitectureTechnology HealthGeography administration 91 CeramicBuildingBio-chemical' engineering engineering Technology LibrarianshipJournalismInternational relations 91 CommunicationCivic engineering IV SecretarialPolitical science studies IV HighwayElectrical engineering ilvironmentalengineering . engineering Applied sciences including:ChemicalAutomaticSocial workengineering control Technology C.-- Materials engineering MetallurgicalMechanicalMaltingIndustrial and engineering brewingengineering engineering /I ConservationComputerChemical science technology VIIt StructuralNuclearMunicipal engineering engineeringengineering 11 GeologyDomesticIndustrial science arts and design FinePureSocial arts sciences sciences TownTrafficSurveying planning engineering 11 MiningMeteorologyLandscape engineering design TechnologyArchitecture AppliedBiophysicsZoologyWater physics engineering Pure sciences II PharmacologyOceanographyMycology MedicalPure sciencessciences -on PhysicsGeophysicsChemistry 11 AUSTRALIA CLASSIFICATION OF HIGHER FIELDS OF STUDY 23 Agriculture including:Agriculture Fields of Study AgricultureO.E C D. Classification Fields of Study O.E C.D. Classification ForestrySoilPark scienceadministration 11 Medicine, including:AnatomyAnaesthesiaCytology Medical sciences GynaecologyDentistry and obstetrics 11 HumanHistologyHealth genetics sciences 11 Laryngolo3yPhysiologyPharmacyPath*logyOphOalmology and otology 11 Cr N PsychiatryPsychological medicine 11 AUSTRALIA TEACHER'S TRAINING 24 Teachers Place of Training (inLength years) of Study Other Information 1. Pre-School centres -Pre-schoolColleges Teachers =1 Most pre-school teacher education institutions are run by private organs -j 7 UniversitiesEducation(TasmaniaCollege f Advanced 4 tutionstheseThesations, Australian institutions will such be as governmentpaid Kindergarten and by the as from 1974 fees for studentsmakes funds availableAustralian for grants Government.Unions and denominational The secondary school in approved insti- organisations. to students in AusuallyandCandidates pre-schoolleaving possess includes certificate/matriculation must theteaching qualitiesbegeneral at diplomaleast and 17 necessary for service as a teacher.professionalcourse subjects is availableyears and teachingof age,in three physically colleges fit foris the usual entrance prerequisite. Training practice.teaching of secondary2,overnment schools primary and ducteATeacheradvanced education education. for Government primary and secondary teachers is con- (c)(b)(a) withinin separateteacher universities; educationinstitutions. units in colleges of advanced education; soughtthencollegesAs from be and/or private1974of advanced allgained and/or accredited education.college denominational government ofteachers advanced colleges education will status. The only separate institutions teachers colleges which have not become will ofawardsionalTheseThe teachers yearsState holdersawardstraining ineducatioN)departments, onthe providewhothe atgovernment inbaeis return of acadeMic a government institutiona living where.tuition allowance during the period are bonded to serve fdra specified offer training awardsmerit to andintending personal suitability. isof freeprofes- to number Infantschools,2.1 Teachers schools lower for orprimary classes primary grades, Advanced Education Colleges of 3-4 theTheteachers.One matriculationentryState requirementsalso offers level for an unbonded but lesserexamination allowance (named according toteacherschools educationof the State institutions where they to student is success areat trained. Universities students,Statesperiodsan receiveequivalent (New of who general supervisedSouth havequalification. Wales,academiccompleted and their professional practice-teaching in selected schools.South Australia, Western Australia A pass in English is obligatory. studies are not awarded their training and must carry out the State) or and Tasmania) In some teacher'sStudents 2.2 Art and crafts and Colleges of 1 ofcertificate until they have which is_inversely proportional td taught satisfactorily for the length of their studies. a variable period homecraftsptimary schools teachers in Advanced Education46, teAbhersT4epe courses certificate. are designed for persons already holding a primary AUSTRALIA TEACHER'S THAINiroi 25 Teachers Place of Training Length of Study Other Information . secondary2.3 General scnooIS I Advanced-EducationColleges A Moretime4 full(in ysa?).,, training.suchdegreeIntending an thesecondary assubjects the schoolDiploma, they teachersare of toEducation, teach can eitherwith or undertakeadditional obtain aa firstprofessionalfour -yearuniversity or timepart turersthecoursestudentsperiodsIn level both fromof requiredsecondaryofcases canthe practice undertakecollegethey for teacher must teaching universityor professional holdfrom education inthethe entrance.schools secondaryuniversity. attraining a undercollege school whilethe of supervisionleaving continuingadvanced certifi oftheir l Teacher education Inv Ives In someOniversiti s,' education. to of AY maystudies also befor allowed a first to degree study infor education the Diploma (Bachelor of Education of Educhtion). when they hake degree.The BachelorOneonly university one ofmore Science subjectoffers (Education). a.topass four yearbefore full-time obtaining combined a first degree university called - 2.4teaching Physical, in educationsecondary schoOls UniversitiesAdvancedColleges ofEducation more2, 3 or andA DiplomaQueenslandEducationtwo 5,Sydney) collegesor movein withofferPhysicalphysical ofof major part-timeadvanceda 4 Education yeareducationstudy education.full-timestudy'is in coursephysicalis available available(longer bf education.2 or part-time)as in3 ayearsthree major fulluniversities Bacheloror minor ofstudy and in Two universities (Western Australia At the university of -time study secondary2.F Specialist schools teaching - in AdvancedColleges Education of ' Variable Entrancetime,thesubjects Bachelor longer requirements concerned, part-time.wf Arts-and varybut Bachelor inaccording general of toEducationare the based colleges courses,on results and threespecialised in theyear secondary full- DomesticManualArtMusicCommercial Arts Sciences Subjects TechnicalUniversitiesSchoolsSpecialised Colleges collegeschooltakentory.leaving/matric.ulation in offorand separateart, domestica specialisedetc., institutions, scienceat examination. a university,school teachers). orsuch concurrently oras ata conservat9riuma special in a teacher'educationinstitution(e.g. of music,Specialised subject courses and teacher education courses may be A pass in English is usually obliga- secondary2.52.- Agricultural Technical school subjectssubjects in UniversityCollege,.AgriculturalColleges pf 2-4 -5 TeachersdegreecopsistsTraining course, offor technicaleither teachers together an subjectsagriculturalof with agricultural professional 4.n secondarycollege subjects teacher diploma schools in training. secondaryor may a universitybe trained schools in secondary schools 0 44kgzhnicalUniversityAdvanced colleges Education manualacolleges university.' or industrial of advanced arts education, courses oftechnical two to fourcolleges, years orduration in one atState; 3. ChildrenTeachers for handicapped UniversityTechnicalAdvancedColleges of Educationcolleges 1-3 A'pne-yeartoon studentssecondary course on school completion is offeredteachers of to secondarycertificate. candidates schooling. already holding a primary 4 Three-year courses are open AUSTRALIA Length of TEACHER'S TRAINING 26 4. Technical Colleges Teachers Variable Place of Training Variable (in years) Study Todeveloped preserve for links the withrecruitment industry of and Other Information trade practice, schemes have been teachersperience.appropriateVictoria,their trainingreceive the diploma Technical anin or,in-serviceeducational tradeCollege qualifications prov/Yesmethod In New South Wale§ technical college course of teacher training,specialist in gsneral tradesmen as teachers and pd teaching techniques. training for students with and suitable industrial ex- lecturers and tradesmen In for educationandStates.countryvisiting domestic colleges,_ lecturersinstitutions.theory science and assist subj,cts,training the method,newlyhold Many technical ..achers, principally Variations in this scheme are 4n teachersappointed certificatestradesman- whileteacher from correspondence teacherin 0ourses and of academic, commercial operation in other secondary5. schools Private primary and CollegescollegesPrivate of teachers variousPrivate ways:Lndependent, and/or denominational schools are staffed in UniversitiesAdvanced Education - with memb'ersteachers ofwho withthe leave religiousteachers the government educatedwithorder overseas which schoolin privatecontrols qualifications or denominational teachers colleges system the school SectionsiblecationA limited.numbsr for 9to above allprivate non-feesfrom offee-paying 1974placeswith bonded the university are Australian students.tertiary available graduates. However, asGovernment describedin colleges willin of be advanced respon- edu- Education6. Colleges of Advanced Theretested is living no formal and incidentalteacher training allowances. students who will received means- ManyAustralia:efficiencyofteachers. Staffappointments andAssociations academic are made attainments.of Australianfrom Appointmentsalaries and promotion and conditions depend largelyare among junior university staff. Collegesfor college of Advanced of advanced Education.Salaries education are the samesafeguarded throughout by the Federation on experience, tisePart-timeofandlittle advanced isin notresearcha tutor:specialised aeducation requirement has been is encouraged.forconducted promotion. Minimum requirement is a degree in colleges of advanced education, However, research in colleges or recognised exper- To date' DutiesworkAssistantrata experience basis.include lecturer: lecturing, or membership tutoring, of A degree orarea. equivalent recognised Appointment is temporary and on a professional body) is necessary.administration, examination marking. expertise (e.g. a pro- AUSTRALIA TEACHER'S TRAIION6' r I: 27 Teachers Place of Training (inlength years) of Study Other Information hoz-mire degree. The andAndSeniordutiesLecturer: recognisedshared lecturer:are academicthe expertise.same responsibilityas for assistant for lecturer3. a Basic requirement is a degree or an Usually, but not necessarily, a post-graduate Duties include lecturing and administrative department within the school. degree areasdutiesPrincipal within include lecturer: each academic school. and administrative A more senior level than senior lecturer. responsibility for specialised The ' Head±114aeademcFellow: of school: head of a department or specialised area A position not yet common in all Duties are mainly administrative,------but colleges of advanced education; within a school.include some Graduate /Executive assistant: , Registrar's Division in college administration. A graduate appointed to assist the Head 1 of Schoo there is no formal training for University TheremotionprofessionaluniversityAs thein is collegenlecturerdepends also teachers, ,horta onoflevelstrong experience, advancedcourses butand move someabove foreducation,towards publications universitiesnewlyare initially appointed on a accepting teaching efficiency as haveand introducedacademic excellence. voluntary staff. three-year basis. First appointments Pro-' Tutor,UniversitySalariesqualification demonstrator: and Staff conditionsfor Association. promotion. are safeguarded by Minimum requirement is an honours degree Salaries are the same throughout Australia. demonstration and some administra- Vie Federation of Australian and dutiesTeachingyears,tivethe work.ili771777173ring, universitybut fellow; longer inappointments return laboratory for aretutorial common. Tutorshipe are usually renewed annually for a A post-graduate student in receipt of a duties. The appointment 18 salaryperiod offrom three usually limited to three years. Minimum requirement is as for tutor, but the appointment - tioncanSeniorPrincipalintroduced be setting, titter:permanent. tutor: academicmarking andprivileges administration. such as sabbatical As for seniorDuties tutor. include some lecturing, tutorials, Some universities have leave at this level. examine- Lecturer:research.turing,ccu---ioir-lmr tutoring, appointees setting to andhold merking a post-graduate examinations, degree. Minimum requirement is a good honours degree, administration, Duties are lec- but it is AUSTRALIA . TEACHER'S TRAINING 211 / Teachers Place of Training (in years)Length of Study Other Information dutiespost-graduateandSenior toas lecturer: havewell achieved asstudents. academic high It is usua'. for senior lecturers to have academic duties/asstandards. for lecturers, and There are administrative supervision of higher degrees i facultyProfessor:andAssociate usually professor, in independent reader: The duties of tits positionHolds a chair and is in charge of charge of a specialised field.A more senior91 level than senior lecturer are lecturing, administration. a Department, School or N,senior research fellow.anSenior perience.researchhonours research degreeand supervision. and (research research fe'!low) fellow: Appointments are fo a particular is required, and someA post-graduate researcAkeN degree or at least team project led by the , c" Research assistant: k ofAdministrativeas thedirected.School duration /Faculty assistantof the or project.Reg officer: straIs Appointments are renewed on an annual At least graduate, toDivision assist inIn universityresearchA graduateadministration. appointed to assent Head basis, or made for projects .. 7.TB7TOSPAT,EY

Australian 7om.m.ssion on Advanced Education - Third report '973-1975

Australian Department of Educq-lon, Cancerfa: - Directory of !curses 1y(3 - Education in Australia '973 - Postgraduate study in Australian Universities '972 - Secondary schooling in Australia 1972 - Special education in Australia 1972

Australian Universities Commissic,r - Fifth report, May 1972

Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics - Canberra: - No. '3.5 Schools No. 13.7 University statistics - Part - Students and degrees conferred - No. 13.8 University stAtietics - Part 2 - Staff and libraries - No. '3.10 ,olleges of Advanced Education - No. 13.12 Teacher Education

World Survey of Education, UNESCO Year Book of Australi, 1972, No. 58 - Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics

00030 LUXEMBOURG (November 1973)

Compulsory schooling : usually 9 years, from6 'to 15.

00031 LUXEMBOURG 32 Type of Education or Institution ..Lin Length of Study years) Requirements Entrance Certificate Part Time Full/ Other Information 0.E.C.O. ClassificationType of 4 Years of Ai 1. educationPre-primary (1) (2)2 Tc be at least 4 (3) (4) (5) (6) Education (1) Study(e) 2. years old timeFull schools.yearsforThis dadchildren type is ofprovided agededucation between in nurseryis 4optional and 6 primaryPre- 2.1. Premier cycle educationPrimary '6 To be 6 years old . de cycleprimairel'enseignement primary (1st , timeFull foreducationThis boys, is a g.p.ovided'ingeneral 'ls or basic-type mixed primary schools. of schools Primary 1 - 6 education) .- - t. pupils.nonThis fee-payingcycle and common to all- 313 compulsory, State-run, . - .. typeby the of Stet(education. also provide th( PliVate schools supervised same 3. 'educationSpecial VariableAdmission consentboardof a cliA.d and parental guidance on advice timeFull whilewardframeworkThis childrenisthey provided andcan ofisbenefit schooldesignedwithin from the for back- age who, primary Special Variabl. 4. General(shorteducationsecondary . cycle) normalinstruction cy0.e ofca education.-not complete the complementairesprimaire,,de4.1 l'enseignenent classes Deuxieme cycle 3 primaryCompletion cycle of 1st certificatePrimary leaving Fulltime andtionThe to aimequipof pupilsof themth.s basicforcycle their general is thelife knowledgecomple- SecondaryGeneral 7 9 classes)complementaryprimary(2nd education; cycle of classes.providedperiodofcitizens a career. of in assistingcompulsory either boysthem education or girls and Instruction includes work- It covers the final in the choice as is (b) primaire4.2 superieur ... Enseignement 32 or Entrancetion examine- Full Thisdomesticshop level activities scienceof instruction forfor boysgirls. whichand some General 9 - 10 education)(Further p rimary time notcompleteddesignedformerlylongerthe wisn complementary available.to forfulfilledcompulsory pursue children theirthe classesschooling, who, same studies. having aimsis It was however no did as Secondary (b) LUXEMBOURG A.3;$7,04 ''). 33 Type of Educilion or Institution (inLength years) of Study - EntranceRequirements : Certificate Part Time Full/ Other Information (LE C C. ClassificationEducationType of Ye Study of (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) forThereplaced boyscourse and wasby girls, middlerun inand schoolsseparate was gradually following schools (6) (7) (6) moyen4.3 (Middi)e Enseignement tne implemehtation(6th August, 1965. of the law of , cycle)4.3.1schools)inferieur (lower Cyqe f 3 entranceprimarycompletionSuccessful tycle of and1st (noSpecial examination) certificate Fulltime commonThis cycle to all provides pupils, general education secondaryGeneral (b) 7 - 9 . cycle)supexieur4.3.2 (upper Cycle 2 completionSuccessfulexamination.cycle of ofmiddle lowercertificate. Middle school timeFull commercialThistechnical upper andcycle and administrative; Industrial;falls into 3 sections: biology and secondaryGeneral (b) 10 - 11 1 examinatic,I.entrancepassedschool theor secondaryhavecomplete VocationalColleges,Middlesocialeducation sciences.or andintermediateColleges. is In provided Intermediate type-ofIn Intermediate and 5. Ceneral -o . 5.1 Education for 7777771e)777717ry.ducation . 5.1.1reformboys priorLatin tosection 1970 . , Full General - 1st cycle 4 andprimarytionSuccessful entianeof 1steducation comple- cycleexam- certificate.exanination5th year entrance time andstudyLatinthe the fromwasclassics "Athenee".' athe compulsory firstsection year subjectin onwardsthe "lycees"of in As from the 3rd secondary (a) 7 - 10 allination establishments common to ..., yeargreco-latin pupils could section choose including between-the the shady =-2nd cycle 3 ation,of secondary long cycle. educ- . leaving2nd cycle certificate. secondary uponAdmissioncludingof Greek, an theexamination toor study `nththe latinyearof heldEnglish. wassection at conditional the in-end of 11 - 13 Y literaturesectionIsthe awarded. 4th Acouldyear withor forfor thenan whichsub-sectionemphasis opt eithera certificate on B forwit'', sub- Pupils from tyre latin . LUXEMBOURG Type of Education or Institution (inLength years) of Study Requirements Entrance - Certificate Part Time Full/ . Other Information 0 E CO ClassificationType of Years d- (1) (2) (31 (4) (5) an emphasis on mathematics. ' (6) At the Education (1) Study(5) greatermovechoose2ndend into form.of emphasis totheirsub-section staysub-section 5th onin yearnaturalsub-section C whichAof pupils studies, had A sciences. could or to ai.e. .5.1.2 section - 1st cycle Modern 3 tionSuccessful of 1st comple-cycle 4th year entrance timeFull withtheestablishmentsThis the town course exception of Luxembourgwas as runof the thein classics whichthe"Athenee" had same course of secondaryGeneral_ (b) 7 2nd cycle 3 ofallinationandprimary secondary establishmentsentrance commoneducation educa-exam- to leaving2nd cycleficateexamination certificate. secondary certi. ' AsuponAdmissionEnglish thefrom aclassics passthiscommenced to in4th section.an year inentrance theinstructionwas 1stconditional examination The study of year. only was 10 - 12 9 5.2 Education for tion, long cycle an strationbiassectionsub-dividedeconomic, and withbias.a commercialinto a mathematicsan industrial andsub-section admini- and sub.:7_, science with 1970girls Reform prior to - 1st cycle 3 tionSuccessful of 1st comple-cycle 4th year entrance examination timeFull 3-yearThe coarse 1st cyclewas divided and a 4-yearinto 2nd a common secondaryGeneral (a) 7 - 9 educationmentsexaminationtoandprimary all bntranceof establish- secondaryeducationlong common certificate. hadcycle.examinationcycle a choice were between requiredat the theend to latinofsit the 1st AsPupils from goingthe 4th on yearto the girls 2nd an entrance section - 2nd cycle 4 - cycle. . 2ndleaving cycle certificatesecondary andsub-section.sciencelatter the modern wassub-section sub-divided languages and section. intoa commercial Both main sections had a domestic The 10 - 13 5.3 Education post domesticsectiondifferenceexactly wastheand that replabedsamesocial the curriculum sciences latinby commerce of withandthe latin art.orthe .... - 5.3.11970 reform Division . ovola)division,cycleinferieure, (Lower 1st ler Fulltime runandcycleTheIllroAao) girls2ndstructure of cycle educationz.nd ninA secondaryand itniIrn+a is curriculumis provided theclarnnAnyeu schools inof same for boys nrhnnlg State-this secondaryGeneral (a) LUXEMBOURG t iv 4' 1; 35 es.. . - 0.E.C.O. Classification Type of Edication or Institution _ (inLenotti years) of' Study Reitutrements- J : Certificate Part Time Full/ . Other Information ., , EducationType of Years of Study (1) (2) i (3) . . - (4) , , (5) (6) (1) (6) , r - Annee Asorient- atian 1 LionSuccessful of 1st comple--primary . foundationThe lower divisionyear which includewa is common 1st to all , 7 . (Foundation year) examindtion.,cycle and extrance . pupils. . . - Enseignement classique(Classics section: 2 *ionSuccessful of 7th compre-form .' ) natl-ohTransition either_in exams- mayStarting/ be distingiishedi in the 2nd 'ear 2 sections i. a classics 8 - 9 - Enseignement moderne(Modern,s4ction ) 2 year..i.e. fbundation 7 modernclassics section. or in' - . palsoryandwith a themodern study compulsory seotioewithof English. study the of corn-Latin - . 8 - 9 division,cyclesuperieure,5.3.2 (Upper 2nd 2eme Division i . timeFull secondaryGeneral (a) cycle) . , . - i . , - Enseignement Classique(Classics 4 - examination.sectiOnPass in classicstransition arycertificate.2nd leaving cycle second-- . LatinThereincluding -are languages. 2 theclassics following (b) sections Latin options: - (a)science 10 - 13 section) . economicsciencesections -science. mathematicA, must choose naturaleither Engliehsciences Taiptls in both .... - Enseignement moderne(Modern section) 4 examination.sectionPass in transitiormodern . ; certificate.ary2nd cycleleaving second- , ,pciencemodernTheresection,or sectionGreek aresections twoas(b) which asub-divisions modern(a)4th has modern,labgnage, languages3 options; languagesin the and . 40 -.13 liathematics;GeneralchoosePupilseconomic a in notescience.4th modern modernon secondary language language. educationsection must natural science; whocanSpecialsecondarybackgroundsstreaming comebe set coursesfrom up cycleand othertoand andadaptationfacilitate aswho educationalguidance well wish as toofthe classesthose enter-thepupils re- who, _ framework.theirfor a sectionvalid reason within wish the tosecondary change LUXEMBOURG 36 Type of Education , length of Study Requirements Entrance Certificate 0 AM/ Other Information O.E.0 0. Classification or Institution (1) (in years) (2) (3) OY . . Part Time .0) (6) EducationType of (1) Years of Study(e) 6. . Technical and The fpllowing types of education 177-c0=191=--reformtoeducation the 1970 prior ' techniciansTradeeducationcould Schoolbe distinguishedprovided for designed industry by tothe (a) andtrain Craft technical crafts; and . designedeither(b) technicalby to the train Technical educatiqn technicians School provided in , 6.1 deEnseignement l'Ecole . ThereDomesticAgricultureengineering were Science. 3 andorsections: bythe the Centre School of ofRural Pupils CraftsTrademeties(Coursesdes andartsSchool) ofet atas toattoandancetheirleavingtheindentured complete same studies school time certificatetheirapprentices wereabefore vocational vocational awarded completion enablingattending anschool training themof metieri-techniqUes6.1.1 Division des, 4 ationEntrance for 14examin- year- heaving certificate Pull encyThisthus certificate. divisionobtaining included a vocational the following prone'- Technical . 9 - 1: dilasion)(Technical trades classes.completedifild complementary-- pupils 2nd yearwho have roficiency-he.xamination.warded vocationalertificateas equivalent after awarded to It time machineelectrotechni6s,trade tools.sections: and industrial building, mechanics, secondary (b) L 6t1.2 Division 3 ,;";;trance examin- T vocationalstablishments. ' (Craftsdes metiers division) drart 'if classes.completedoldition pupils for2nd who14year year-have complementary was'roficiency equivalent.warded.eavingxamination.he after tovocationalcertificate It timeFull sculpture.ceramics,cabinetThe division making, decorative included wrought-iron painting carpentry work,and and secondaryTechnical (b) 9 - 1 .ertificateT vocationalstablishments. awarded - . 4ecorativedes(Finedes6.1.3 arts beaux-arts artarts*and Otoratifs et Division 2 ofcompleteditionEntrance complements)ld for.14 pupils examin-2nd year- yearwho have washeaving equivalent.warded certificatehexamination. vocationalafter to It timePull paintingexpandinganPupils optional in and theirthis 3rdsculpture. divisionknowledgeyear advanced could of ceramics course,follow secondaryTechnical (b) 9 - 1 division) ,lasses. :ertificatetroficiencystablishments. awarded . .., LUXEMBOURG d , 37 Type of Education Length of Study Entrance Certificate Full/ . Other Information O.E.C.O. ClassificationType of Years of or Institution (1) (in years) 0) Requirements (3) (0 Part Time (5) 0 ) . Education 0(7) , Study 0 ) techniquede6.2 (Technicalltecole school Enseignement 4 \Entrancegraftsofation the forSchoolTrade holders and examin- Higher Technician timePull dividedTheelectrotechnicssemester schoolfirst into yearhadwas 2 semest6rs. 3spentwasand sections: acivil on'practicalfoundation engineering. yea mechanics,The,lst universityHigher non 1210 -? 1513 Or . education) secondaryorleavingof transitionthe vocational4thcertificate,certificate education year examin- opttechnicalwasonlytraining fordivided afterthe instruction.. with 3between thesections completion general mentioned,above andof the A firm. The 2nd semester Pupils could viticoleagricole6.3 et Ensei.gnement ation certificate. foundation year. viticulture)agriculture(Courses in and 3 School leaving Pull The course was open to boys only, Technical 8 - 10 Agriculture)agricole6.3.1(School of Ecole taryyearoldationEntrancecompleted pupilsclasses. offor complemen- examin-13 having theyear- 1st certificate. time ranger.thetraining occupation them forof gardenerrural work and and forest for secondary (b) scienceruraleformation6.3.2(Rural Centre trainingdomestic menag6re de 3 completedoldationEntrancefar pupils for(4 examin-complemen-the13 having year-1st certificate.School leaving timePull aThe ruraltraining course environment. wasthem open for tovarious girls jobsonly, within secondaryTechnical (b) 8 - 10 centre)viticole6.3.3(School Ecole of 3 Entranceoldationtaffy pupils examin-classes.for 13 having year- certificate.School leaving Parttime Technicalsecondary (b) 8 - 10 completed the 1st . Viticulture) 3 Laryrear classes.of complemen- Vocational Full Instruction was both general (3 Technical 9 - 11 commercecommerce)(Schools6.4 of Ecoles de complementary2ndandPo anclasses beyearhave entrance 14 ofcompletedyears and passedold certificate.proficiency time commercialhygienetime2languages, years basisetc) instruction topics. coursesand specialisedthe in2ndwas citizenship, yearrun for onoffered a full - During the 1st secondary (b) examination. , Thethein 3rdpossibility business year was management ofspent specialising entirely or office ineither anwork. LUXEMBOURG Type of Education length of 1 Entrance - 38 or Institution (1) (in years)/ Study Requirements Certificate Part Time Full/ Other Information O.E.C.O. ClauificationType of Years of hoteliere(Hotel6.5 school) Ecole 3 (2) 4ation forcompletedoldEntrance 14 pupils year- examen- thewho 2ndhave (3) ciencyVocational certificate.time profs- (4) Full (5) (4dividedCatering timelanguages; training. into staff 3 parts:had to undergo Instruction(6) was a general one a full- secondary,Technical (b)Education (7) 9 - 11 StudyOD yeartary of classes. complemen- summerinone.tionalEnglish, hotels. months one Dutch), and with a practicala theoretical The course was completed in French, German, vocational training voca- the 7. Technical and educationvocational post . vocationalThere are educatio9: 3 types of technical and 1970 Reform --.., 1. technical type desired.education to level of. qualification full time: . - 2. vocational Type: schoolturededucationcommencing courses. apprenticeship followed with basic by combined anschool inden- mixed training, with kt . 47 3. practical type: compulsoryapprenticeship education on completion with of an indentured courses -. type7.1 training Technical . Full in applied vocational science. time ,and boardingpara-medicalpossibilities:includesThe full school atime education,variety staff,technical of youth training section club fine art, commerce, chemistry, technical trades, art courses for pupilsThecourses.ruralstaff, aim with ofdomestic agriculture thea course economy andis toand tore advanced and more vine-growing, hotel tradeprovide , peoplecourses.indenturedtrainingsystematic to train than apprenticeshiptheoretical forthat offered and plus under Moreover, it allows young careers for which practical school an theor Indenture impossible. scheme bl proves difficult - . t... . yearsclassesmustehaveBefore of oftechnicalembarking the succeasfully foundation andon thisvocational completedand course pupils_ guidance both LUXEMBOURG 39 *floe of Education Institution Length of Study Requirements Entrance Certificate Part Time Full/ Other Information MUM ClassificationType of Years of Study or 0) (in years) (2) (3) 0) (5) ) (6) - Education (7) (t) i training,fears'secondaryisfoundation7.,'ycle also possible except year. or for,on intermediate cpmpletion technical oftradeslevel 2 i.e. common 7th year and 8th Admission to course ?assand crafts. in an entrance examination (taken .0 , N. ..J secureotherat classthe educationaladmission.age to ofthe 14) following backgroundsfor pupils depends fromcan onalso Transition from 1, 7.1.1trades Technical TradesTechnicalschoolspecific restatk.and tradesCraftssections areschool; coursestaught inare the also for certain ,. tutions.provided by other vocational insti- L ation- Cycle et d'orient- 2 ationEntrance to examin,-common timeFull AtThe theperiod end of trainingthe course lasts pupils 3 years.' are _ secondaryTechnical 7 - 8 d'observation(Foundation and who7th have year completed for pupils ...... awarded:ertificate the school of vocational certificatedk proficiency equivalent to the (b) ' guidance dycle) admissionsuccessfully;6thfor primary(technical) secondary to year 8th formor (CAP)They2ertificate).prepare inasmuch can acontinue "maltrise" as they thdir can(adVanceU studiesgo on and to - Formation is 3 pupils0intermediateexamination(middle entrance school) to 8th Leaving certificate Full Technicaltechnician.ecome trades technicians include construction, or higher- - Technical 9 - 1] cycle)professionnelletraining;(Vocational lower primarycompletedpupilstechnical whoform. 7thformhave for time 2-yearAsindustrialmechanics, from cycle academic lectrotec,nnicsmachineelectrotechnics of complementary year -0°1. 1970/71 section and studiesthe has included a secondary (b) on an experimental basis. , Its aim is . - Cycle(Upper superieurcycle) 2 Vocationalcertificate,Trade and profi-crafts CAP Technician'scertificate . Fulltime to-train technicians. secondaryTechnical (b) 12 - 1 3 Crafts7.1.2 Arts and ciency certificate). TheLuxembourgOnly crafts the Trades sectionruns coursesand includes Crafts of thisSchooldecorative type. of secondaryTechnical (b) LUXEMBOURG 40 .Type of Education or Institution (in years)Length of Study Requirements Entrance Certificate Part Time Full/ Other Information 1 , DECZ,ClassHintMnType...4. of Years of - Cycle dtobser- 0) 2(2) . See 7.1.1 - 0) 0, (0 (0 . Education (I) -- Study(e) cycle)andtationvation guidance (Foundationet dtorien- n Fulltime ,-_, aboutpaintingsectionssphereThe radicalevolution ofan of crafts thischanges of grouphastechniques in and ofcertain willcrafts. sculpture. in the bring 7 - 8 -training)professionnelle (Vocational-lowe Formation cycle 3 caving certificate Fulltime bothonemakingInstance 1970/71woodwork comprehensive sections startingthe and carpentry usehad sectionin.the ofto beand schoolincludingmade into synthetic cabinet year For 9 - 11 1 - . . coursematerials will and be theopen traditional in the future carpentry only _2..1.3 Fine, arts and a !Thisto apprentices under contract. ... . dnursesApcorative art . li - in the Crafts and Trades school. type of course is solely piovidedloehnical secondary . ..- continuesectionequivalentcertificatesculptureCourses andin their are to modelling,allowsis thioffered. artisticin CAP, somecandidates palntingdecoratidli training and cases considered The leaving to (b) tationvation- Cycle et(Guidance d'obser- 'dtorien- 2 See 7.1.1 .. timeFull continueHoldersabroad. of their the leavingstudies 'certificatefor a further can 7 - 8 -and Formatiqhcycle) foundation ----.. 0 . artistictheyear higher of specialisationtraining proficiency (CAFAS) certificatethus obtaining in training)professioAnelle((Vocational 1 . . - Lower cycle 3 raving certificate Fulltime - , 9 - 11 .- Upper cy-ile . 1 Leavingof the-fine-arts certificate A S. -. Action . 12 courses7.1.4 Commercial - . technicalCommercial type courses educatipn prayided within , Tochnical. "! . technicalin commercial and sectibnsLof_v'arious:vocational establishments,are offered 'sebondary (b) . . .. . LUXEMBOURG a 41 length of Entrance N. O'.E.C.O. Classification Type of Education or Institution (in years) Study ' Requirements Certificate t Part Time FM Other Information EducationType of Years of Study vation- Cycle et d'obser- d'orierl- (1) . a) 2 ationEntrance to examen-common (3) (4) 'Pull- time, (5) lastsThe period 3 years, of specialisedcomprising 2training years of (6) (1) 7 - 8 (M andtation guidance (Foundation cycle) . whosection9th7th have form;economics completedfor pupils 8th and choosebeginningpracticaltheoretical either trainingof study thethe 2nd"business followedperiod. year pupils bymanagement' a 1-year can At the , Formation 2 + Noyear6th, entrance (complementary)7thof primaryor exam-8th CAP (Vocational Pull - whereuponticalapprenticeshiptionor "office ofpart, the theywork" in2nd aretheirexamination yearsection. awarded chosenpupils a - options,sitpartialtheore- their On comple- 9 - 11 professionnelletraining)Vocational ' coursetrain-1 yearing pupilseconomics9th'nation form who.have toin for8th or ficate).proficiency certi- time whoTheCAP pass(theoreticalcomplete the practicalCAP part).is awarded .examination to pupils at - Cycle(lower inf4rieurcycle) 2ndcompletedsuccessfully year o41st or . theoreticaltraininj.the end of theirpart areyearls admitted practical without Holders of the CAP mediatesecondary cycle. or inter- underThisaftLrintermediateexamination type review.sitting of toeducationcycle thethe or4th entranimination. toisyear 5that ofpresentyear the - .thaoreticalandwillAs fromManagement be run1974/75 by forthe a preparatoryCAPSchool holders- of Commerce class part. 7.1.5 Chemistry . . vation-courses Cycletation et d'obser- (Guidancedforien- '2 7thEntrance form, examin- 8thtion form to common A Fu ti1 leadingchemist3-yearThe chemistry cycletolevel a career leadingandcourse a as2-year tocomprises a assistant-chemist upper a cyclelower secondaryTechnical (b) 7 - 8 trainingcycle)and foundation Vocational completedpupilsin biology who 6thforhave or Theretechnician. are chemistry sections in the , Formationpro fessionrielle and7thstudies. yearcomplementary of primaly 1 vocationalTheIn the latter Luxembourg school is however of Vocational Esch/Alzette the sole Centre. bodyand to -training)(Vocational Cycle inf4rieur - Admissionpupilsor 9th formwho to have8thfor Holdersprovidecertificate trainingof an assistantare as admitted chemist chemists freelytechnician. to the . ti - Cycle(Lower superleurcycle) 23 secondarycompleted2successfully years theofor interfirst . hemisterti4Lcate.ssistantininmn technician's chemists . Fulltimo-time upper cycle. 19 - 9 - 11 1'3 It? (Unnpr ovolp) me la e cycle. LUXEMBOURG 42 Type of Education of Entrance _ P . or Institution (inlength n yearStudy * Requirements ' Certificate t Partpart Time Full/ Other Information ., OEX.O.MassHcatIonEducation of YeYears Of 0) (2) (3) (4) I 1 (W (s) (7) Study(e) training7.1.6 Paramedical . preparatoryThere are two cycle.lasting cycles, the 3first years. or technical econdary A - Formation des , type.Training at this stage is of school (b) tion- Cycle (Guidanceet d'orienta-d'obserVa- and (Nursesinfirmires training) 2 See 7.1.5 timeFull professionalestablishprivatecertainor in hospitals.State-runnursing some milieu contact schools vocational the withcurriculaaffiliated the schools to Courses are provided in In order to 7 -S 8 foundation course) . -. On'completIonhed4dtalsinsludes regularor similarof 1stvisits preparatoryinstitutions. to the cycle preparatorypr6paratoire- Cycle inferieur cycle) (Lower , 3 toPass upper certificate cycle timeFull goingpupils on totake upper an examinationcycle. before 9 - 11 - Cycle(Upper superieurcycle) t 3- awardedPass certificate to pupils Registered nurse Full The upper cycle lasts three years, 12 - 14 thewho lowerhave completedpre- time practicalproviding aspectsboth theoretical of vocational and .4. sciencesbiologyleavingIntermediateparatory andcertifiatesection. cycle. social theTheprivatecycletraining endnursing are of nursingproper. runthe bycourse,. schools. either State-run diploma is awarded at Courses of this Holders of or asAcompleting governmenttraining.thefrom diploma 1974-75 1 proposal orcan pupils2 specialiseyears stipulateswho of havefurther by that . ( admittedsocialmediatecyclecompleted science studiesorto 5this eitheryears section incycle thesecondary automatically.will'bebiologypreparatory or and inter- 1 4 willha-veMoreover becompleted admitted all candidates 11 after an aged examination. 17 who years of studies J% I./ - _-..,.... aides-soignantesB -(Training Formation of des auxi- fullyandTo be have 17 yearssuccess- old completed certificaAuxiliarl ae . i timeFull providedTheoretical in clinicsand practical and hospitals. training is secondaryTechnical NI10 (b) 7.1.7liarles L'Enseigne- in nursing) 9th year of studies _...- - menting pourschool moniteurs monitors) 4..... 1...-...... A -The ato 3-yearstructure nurses' let training: ofor eour8esprepEiratory cycle in similar secondaryTechnical (b) .1 43 Length of Entrance , 0 E.C.D. Classification Type of Education or Institution (in years) Study Requirements s Certificate Full! Time Other Information . EducationType of Years of Study ationvation- Cyclefoundation (Guidanceet d'obser- d'orient- cycle) an (1) 2(t) See 7.1.5 (0 Q6cle.Examinationentrance tofor upper (4) Fulltime (5) - a 2-year upper 'cycleandthepreparatorytraining providingtraineesame proper.for nurses, cycleboth trainee-monitorsthe but curricula in sub- are tlir In 1st year of (7) 7 - 8 (8) - Cycle(Lower superieurinferieurcycle) 23 Examination for Monitor's C Full auxiliarycoursedifferencessequent provides years staff, in therecourses. trainingqualified are substantialfor in the This 12 -.139_7_11_ (Upper cycle) Intermediateparatorycompletedpupils who cycle. pre- have ce/Iificate t time schools,inactivitiessurveillance boardingtheir inextra-curricular ascentresschools, andwell guidance asfor in adolescents haniicappedrefprm of pupils , leaving certificate .. children and youth clubs. Holders vf the intermediate leaving . . whichnurses)certificateparamedical is candivided toenteror studiestheof into theupper periodsupperpass(training cycle cycle ofofs of i ' withLuxembourgVocationalpractical courses. trainingisTeaching the only runCentre bodytogether ofwhich At present the vine-growingagriculture7.1.8 Courses and. in . Schoolschools;Training of isEttelbruck, providedprovides in'and two one this,typeState-run for of training. one for boys - Agricultural secondaryTechnical (b) agricoled'enseignementA - Institut . N 18 privatetraininggirls - establishment. thecentreof Rural Mersch,.Domestic andEconomy in one Agrioulture)-(Institute ler degre of (1st level) . courses2Agricultural levelstraining ofof forretrainingstudies courses adults. as for andwell boysfurther as includespecial , ler cycle (1st cycle) 3 -7th whonationEntrance6th have formto exam.-completed common in primarycerSaficate form for.pupilacycle leadingPassqualifying- certificate to 2nd or practical timeFull 1stclans.and level.comprisingThe 2ndThere 1st degreeThe levelare 1sttechnical 2agricultural trainscyclecycles lasts andfarmin the general techni-managers3 years 7 9 school areandcertificatecyclestudies.certificate. awardedthose successfully who aleading practicalhave been areto theawardedqualifyingunsuccessful 2nd cycle,a pass Pupils who complete this LUXEMBOURG Type at Education length of Entrance 0 E C.O. Classification or Institution 0) (in years) Study (2) Requirements (3) Certitie (4) Part Time Full/ (5) Other Information (5) - EducationType of Years of Study . - 2eme cycle (2nd cycle) 2 thewhoawarded?ass 1sthave certificate cycle. tocompleted pupils . agriculture.Certificate in Fulltime culturefoodstuff;stockvariousThe 2nd breeding; andoptions:cycle forestry. lasta 2 years including mine -growing; rural economyagriculture and and A certificate horti- (1) 10 - 11 (5) whoyearsagriculturecourse.studiedin_agriculture have of failedthe is are1stawarded the runcycleshoving entrancethroughout at for the option(s) students endexami- the of 3the Complementary classes in - ?erne degre (2nd level) 2 Dempletion of 1st I Agricultural Full 2ndthiscertificatenation. levelcourse. course is awarded lasts 2at winter the end of A practical qualifying periodsingtrain-terssemes- + Jegree. diploma.technicians time agriculturalispracticalsemesters; awarded periodstechnicianat the endof trainingcertificateof the and the it is Completed with course. 12 - 13 ruralmenagereB -(training Formation domestic rurale in 43 or ture.schoolforSame 1st conditionof level agricul- of as economy.Certificaterural domestic in Fulltime dealingCentreThe(complementary Rural includeswith Domestic household atypo) 5-year.ectionEconomy subjectsand aTraining social 4 and secondaryTechnical (b) 7 - 109 or andtheoreticalrural providing economy training.both section practical lasting and 4 years . 7.1.9 Hotel school. 54 pr . litranceation exami- to 1st year a..idLeaving CAP (vocational certificat4Full Hotel School of Diekirch trains staff Technical 9 - 12 :ompletedor 7th pupils form who have floats)proficiency certi- time qualifiedtourist industry.for employment in hotel and 1 secondary (b) or 13 for1st..l pupilsyear f primary ntermediaterequired ompletedowho examination school. have 1tech- year to of secondarytechnicalpost-primaryPupilsentrance14 on are completion orschool recruitedexamination intermediatestudies (full of eitherat 1time) isageor school.held 2inof a13for years of or and An completed0.1p.11stotranceEducation. ,ical2nd year examinationwhoor 8th secondaryhavefor year En- areandyearsHotelother 12theach pupils.andtraining forms.followed covers courses 8th,by a 9th,10-weeklast 10th, 4 period 11th The last 3 forms or 5 . tdio(rimary have studies followed and 2 ... IS I ) hotel.of practical training in a Luxembourg 1 45 Length of 14 4 0.E.C.O. Classification Type of Education or Institution (in years) Study Requireants Entrance Certificate Part Time Full/ Other Ihformation - EducationType of (7) Years of Study (e) (1) (2) diateyearstechnical orof secondaryinterme- educa- (3) (4) (5) hotelcourseThe CAPtraining and is aawarded:at leavingwhiCh is certificate thea higher end of inthe 0) type7.2 Vocationaltraining 4 tion. qualificationcommerceTraining andis than; providedindustry. the forCAP. craftwork, 1 There are 2 CAPwithsection,certificatelevels andin thecommercethe in whereas award"mattrise"the are trainingandof providedaTOCational theindustry (masters) CAP. for in crafts:terminate thetraining crafts Academic - Asfirmisinstitutionstraining thein independent theperiod ismain provided whileof carried CompulsoryOf practicalthe in outschoolvocational withineducation training itself. a ; -ends periodsthe 10thapprenticeshiP beforeyear of and Studies. aftercan begin this onlyage in at age of 15 (9 years of study) The limit have to be considered i . 4 natureTrainingseparately. up isto ofthe a agepurely of 15.academic In * . theoryasanthe theindentured coursespupils age requirementcan: avairle, app choose enticeship and isany reached. canone as enter ofsoon 8thprimarycompletingThecyclevocational vocationalmost ofform, straightforward primarythe (comprehensive). 7thcourseform common,education. and is the through.course,way 9th or(comple- the6th The 2nd . tionalline with cycleentary the with 3 taassys)classes regard ofWillto thethe be voca- brought into . contentpracticalconsideredscheme of the athe applications foran9th curriculum. introductory thevocational crafts of apprenticeshipthe formyear craft. isto the 6classPupils monthsship. can who to benefit succeSefully1 year fromon their,apprentice- a completereduction this of . LUXEMBOURG 46 Type of Education - Length of Study Entrance Certificate Full/ t 0 E C.0 Classification or Institution - (in years) (2) Requirements (3) (4) Part Time Othet Information , Education Type of Years a{ Study 0) _ (5) From the age of 1 (0 the indentured (II (N -,1.-time apprenticeing in a undergoesfirm attending practical at the sametrain- . apprenticeship7.2.1 Crafts Fu timed1 Theestablishment.4 craftman'sto 16 hours apprenticeship a week in a vocational . theoretical courses lasting from can be 4 _metal carried out in 6 gioups of trades: work, hairdressing, clothing, - Schooling `'i nationEntrance to commonexami- ...... coursePupilsbuilding, attendcoming food the throUghand common graphic the 7th regulararts. foim, Technical 7- 9 40 whoform7th9th haveform,for vocational pupilscompleted 8th or basis.comprehensive8th guidance year,form onand the 9th a full time the secondary (b) ,, ,, - Apprenticeship proper course:regular nationNo primary6th,entrance 7threquired year. or exami- 8th forproficiency CAP vocational Part industry,trade11thfollows:Toe indenturedform related to food either appenticeshipprocessing to clothing with classes ifof the10th pupil and is learning or puricd a 10 - 11 2 - 2 tional8th or year9th /oca-for certificate time otheformconstruction, If pupil undertakesor 10th, 11th crafts. one of the or 12th or 1.1 . or ofcompletedsuccessfullypupilssecondary intermediate who 2 haveyears / coursepupilonvarie th las (7thomille come through form, the 8th and 9th tradefrom 3but to is3} shortenedyears depending if the the apprenticeship regular . education. completePupilsfinalvocationalon the apprenticeshipfrom 6basis form>.additional 1st ofgroup marks examination.monthsare scoreddin of The CAP is awarded required to the . . ,11th theapprenticeship practical part in theOf theworkshop final after form, before being allowed to their it C,.., week.attendInapprenticeship the an above-mentioned average examination. of 7 periods classes pupils per - - izr isTransitionvocationaldevoted based toon fromtraining.theoreticalresults one obtained.class aspects to These periods are solely the next of .,->'''''''-'''' - _ vocationalfinalincludes apprenticeship onlysubjects practical and the aspects theoret- of examination The N LUXEMBOURG t 47 Type of Education Length of Study Entrance t--- Certificate Full/ Other Information 1 O.E.C.O Clusification Years of or Institution (1) (in years) (2) Requirements (3) _ (4) Part Time (5) . ' EducationType of (7) Study(0 Iliouldship year. thecal pupil stibjecls fa 1 9th of formtheir he can (9 last apprentice- .---, . . . apprenticeship.neverthelessto catch up enterin the H th form ofwill adapt- then be indenturedable (omprehensiveationsubjectspupilsstudied during can 6but includedhours whichattend vocationalthis a 10week.coursesin optional.the form fullin are other time 9th he vocational If necessary For ofthe studiespupilrest ofcompletes' but the is apprenticeship one the year regular behind. period course s. , . "-...., ---.4.-...... Failurerepetitionentails in athe longerof 10ththis apprenticeship formyear. onwards and - - 1 Pupilsin the with same two clasp suacessive will be failures restreamed Other To be 15 years old Part PupilsLnto who the do practical not attend section. the regutir I 10 - 12 12 . 3coursqx - 3i time advantageshensiveoncourse Ifthe they subjectscan9th succeed reservedtakeform taughtanonce they examinationfor they inbenefitpupils theare compre-15.comple-basedfrom the 4 . pupilsIntifig all the haveother regular to casesapprenticeship undergo course. the 9th form e ccmmunicationsfcllows:Trainingoneof adaptationyear behindfor elec-Wical and (radio,in aretheir consequentlytelevision tradesstudies. is etc)as (1) apprentices in telex reducedbeforetheyearareThe 9th required full periqd becomingtocomprehensive time1 yearofto vocational indenturedapprenticeshipattend vocational a specific courseapprentice is form, afterthen 2 i __ dentured vocationaltimearethe(2) recommended formnprinaThe afterotherform, of pnWrpntinpphin thetoapprenticebefore attend9th becomingcomprehensive a electricians10th 1 in-full- apprentices. In this case LUXEMBOURG 1, I' 48 TYPe...of Education Length of Entrance , O.E.C.O. Classification or Institution (0) (in years) Study (2) Requirements , , Certificate Part Time Full/ - Other Information Type of Years of (3) (4) I . . - " (5) reduced to 2 years. ' (0 Thp latter is Education (1) Study(0 apprenticeship'7.2.2 Industrial - 3 ' To be 15 years old NI proficiencyCAP(Vocational. certi , Part Pupilstiled open are totrained apprentice for manual car mechanics. work in Technical 10 - 12 ficate) . . time inindustry the large which group 10 generallyof trades includedquali- secondary (b) . - . . , - . "metalfled by crafts". the crafts apprenticeship as . _ , . .e, - - theSchooling crafts istraining. however more advanced than ". . fromthe tradebetween in 12question to 16 hourstraining per canweek. be . Depending on 7.2.3 Commercial . , apprenticeship - Schooling - % -... areShop trained assistants through and the warehouse commercial staff secondaryTechnical 7 - 9 . Entrance e`xami- _ Full .... e _ nationor 9th ,to form 7th,1,8th for time This.-_,,a1apprenticeship. apprenticeship scheme .is identi- (b) v.. pupils who have , , to the crafts apprenticeship but . cyclecompleted primary with the difference that pupils who - Apprenticeship.NAegular En-Vance to 8th or CAP (Vocational . . Part havetoform, Continuecompleted sates section,a a:9th6 Month comprehensive practical are not required . proper . 2course fromintermediate9th secondaryform fqr cycl-epipitsor fAcete)proficiency certi- . time ___ theoreticalvocatiOnal trainingtraining. period after their 10 - 11 4. . - __ * ., Their apprenticeship contract is thus . years,old.reduced to 2 years once they,are 15 I t - . 3 To be 15 years old . - % 7 ' . years.Forqth pupils form whothe haveapprenticeship riot completed lasts the 3 9 - 1] type7.3 training 'Practical-'` .. - 3 3i To be 1,5 years old,OC2w .' . , proficiency certi- (practical Parttime proficiencyPupils can prepprecertificate) the CCP which (practical consti- secondaryTechnical 9 - 1] 1] . , . ficate)' -.. essentiallylutes vocational practical training nature. of an The (b) - pupilsCCPsufficient doe's(mattrise) to notprepare qualificationhoweler certificate. a master's constitute to enable a , . totheoreticalpupilsThe follow practical who an are courseacademic schemeunable or iscourse.whoto designed followdo not the wishfor pupils . . . _ - - orstreamingare directly recruited from on thPoughcompletionthe vocational a system of comple- section of LUXEMBOURG I 49 Type of Education Length of Y Entrance Certificate . Other Information O.E.0 D. Classification Year or (in years),Itudy (2) Requirements (3) (4) Part Time (5) - (6) EducationType of (7) Study of 0) . thementary apprenticeship prima-y cycle. varies according to The length of (0 . Besidesvocationalthe trade practical scheme. and is training,the identical to trainee -, vals,vocationalapprenticeFortheory therebythe necessary'for finalscienceattends acquiring apprenticeship atcourses regular histhe inactivity.'basis inter-applied exami- in - , . . nationexaminationscience) the apprenticetakes as C4Pthe candidates. same(practical practical How- , . _ ofisever, examinedthe thettheoreticalCCP canless attend.special Istringently. vocational coursesHolders part CD . _ - nationwith a atview a later,to taking date. the CAP exam', O ;7.4 E.Cole ileofgestioncommerce Commerce (School et deand -' '2 nationata,finalPasssection) in (commercial intermedi- exami- or.$)4c Leaving certificate . timeFull -The officemanagement course studies is andin 2computer sections: studies secondaryTechnical (b) 12 - 13 'Management) . cessful compleiion .' . . . . sitondary-of 3rda complete.% cycleform secor . . . entrance exami- I . - nationdates ifhave candi- under- + i - . primarygone 5education. years post - , 8. higher. ted)pi- cal education 12 - 11 School)(Technical.Ecae, tecAnIque 4 . technicalintermediate5 ytars secondary studies or , , diplomaHigher technicianft ' 4( time.Full whichpreparatoryTechnical are dividededucation year andinto includes3 3years sections: of1 study FirstTechnical'years; 2 .-' . Posse- . secondary . , ' ofbilitv eve- - 2.1. Mechanics;Civil engineering; 1 Last two (a) . - ning 3. Electro-technics . - i . years: '.. %. courses ' '" Higher . . . for non-uni- . . . . adults versity(Technol,- ti . ogy) . . LUXEMBOURG. 50 , . A Type of Education Length of Stbdy , Entrance , Full/ , B.E.C.B. Classificatiog -or Institution (in -years) (2) Requirements - ". Certificate Part Time ,- . Other; Information . Type of Years of - - til . ." - (3) (4) , (5) ' (5) Education (7) Study(1) 9. Teacher 1 Institut r77-aid- line,. 2 Admission depend- . pedagogics)(Institute(Institute o1' "ing oncertain placing subjects in cateTeacherls certifi- . (cour- Fulltime sinceplacedThe 1960.Institute the teacher of pedagogics training collegehas Pre-iirimary, primary, re- Higher non- ducation) 14 - 1, of secondary leav- . ses & .00 examinationing certificate , .,...-) )1. -training cationalcomplementary, teachers intermediate are trained and here. vo- . -_0. educationUniversity' 1 leavingTo hald certificate secondary . * periods)Fulltime pnlyLuxembourg the 1st hasyear no of 'full university university. universityHigher - 10.1 Departement de 1 Certificate in universitylevelstudies courses" is centreprovid0 of the in Luxembourgthe "university sciencesdroit et de,eeconomique- 'commercialstudies awarded law ofThe a courseuniversity constitutes law course. the 1st year I (Department of Law . . gnence)and Economic after examination , il 10.2 Departement 1 Certificate in - des lettres et des . literary'atudies , The course constitutes 1st year of 10.3andsciences(Department humanities) Departement humaines of arts 1 exartilAti)nawardedapd human after sciences a university arts bourse. sciences)(Departmentdes sciences of science,awardedafterCertificate examination in . veterinaryuniversityThe course medicine science,constitutes and medicine, pharmacy, lst'year of a .4.. course. . . , . . . . . _ . . 4 . * 1 /IP , %, ..... LUXEMBOURG Length of TEACHER'S TRAINING 51 1. Pre- primary education Teachers pedagogi.sInstitute of Piece of Training (in yeirs) Study 'rainingbyi-tardidates the lasts Government. 2 areyears required ani the to contenthold the ofthe secondary syllabus leaving is determinedcertificate. Other Information Primaryfist 'ycle)edu,tation pedagogisDIstitute 6f During,-atetoPrimary the e -oursethea.mination,tea-hers two-year depends are and training trainedon number results in periodof the obtainedentrants Institutestudents inis secondary determined areof pedagogics.considered leaving annually as oertit'i- pro-by decree. There are both theoretical and practical courses. Admission Bybationaryeitherteai,s sitting hawarded the complementaryteachers specialfirst at the6 andy.'araexaminations end areeducation, of of paid.the primary training candidatesspecial olasaes. period, or canintermediate entitlingobtain a education.certificatethe holder to in, The teaching proficiency certificate workmaryTherecycle.Holders 'ycleteacher's are of alsoespeciallythe certificateseverallatter with certificateother regardconstitutes special tomay thecertificates bea sent for training outmentioneda limited to one course aboveteachingof the open in country's a.,loadto candidateslasts as issecondary for the 5who academic schools case with the have-passed memoir.terms. may dissertationlessons,pedagogics:isgeneral organised teacherthe inmarkingby pedagogics.thetraining directorof pupils course. During in homework conjunction The the general 5th and term thewith teacher ofpresentation 2 theadvisors training practical inof ThU part of the course includes a series of practical course a 'training2individually inspections course each beforein candidateclasses a 5-member where undergoes thecommittee. student It'practical Thisusually examination wominaion teaches includes ; 2 : post.mentionedTheofdemonstration 2 traineeteacherslots ofin pupil a,lessons b, homework.c, who incan havethe be studentappointedsuccessfully specialist immediately passed subject all to thea teaching tests ; correction LUXEMBOURG TEACHER'S TRAINING 53 Teachers -Place of Training (inLength years) of Study Other Information 6.16. edutationTechnical andGeneral vocational subjects University 4 Accordingtermstechnical of to Pmployment the education law of for 27thcan technical beSeptember, staffed and by1961vocational "Professeurs-docteurs", which determinesestablishments, the 6.2 ,Thmmercial subjects Univergity 4 trainedteachersIn commercial asof secondaryphysical subjects educationteachers within (seeand the .technical above.)technical drawingcyclel staffteachers is composed whonicalsecondaryof Teacherfollowedeither hold cycle a economictrainingteacher byuniversityon a 1-year trainingandis thedegreetrainingsocial same and awardeds-ience ashavecoirs,. for been onteacherseconomic withcompletion transferred a privatewhoand havesocialof toora undergone 3-yearthe State-runscience course they are fully qualified or teachers of economic: tech- firm. -8.3 Teachers Technical subjects University 4 - 5 aTheoretical reduceddidatesteachers.aniversLy mto technicaldegree.2 or 1 year training depending is openon the to candidatesengineers orprevious architects vocational with t complete a In order to obtain a teaching qualificationyear teacherscan- training course which can be videdAexperience. great by partteachers of general of technical and theoretical and vocational technical subjects. instruction is pro- sub- jec?:s3 categories may be ofdistinguished. teachers corresponding(a). to the following specialist andgeneral biology) course (arts, mathematical and physical science, chemistry To didatessecure areadmission required:- to the technical(c)(b) and vocational training course can- technical drawingscience (mechanics and electrotechnics) ,University. 3 (b)(a) tolent havehold recognised completeda Luxembourg by six current secondaryuniversity, Luxembourg leaving semesters law. certificate or the Instituteor of foreign equiva- Institute of or - 2+2 asPedagogics a primary course teacher; and have. at least 5 years professional experience hold a 1st cycle (intermediate) teachers' Universitypedagogics and (c) certificateEducationLuxembourghavesity semesterspassed oror before theinequivalent in aannual universityonean examinationof control andthe'above haveof examinationsthe successfullyboard mentionedstudents set up ownofspecialist completedby choice_ the Minister subjects.provided4 univer- the course- either in of LUXEMBOURG TEACHER'S TRAINING 54 Teachers Place of Training (in years)Length of Study Other Information Candidates6 universityinthat questioh the who examination holdsemesters and ais foreign recognised sat by is the regalar final examination of degree awarded on completion of the Luxemboirg exam!_natioa board. the countryat least Thesubjectsnicalsecurirt teachers and are-147mpten vocationaltraining teacherfrom the access (in the country in question)' course which orlasts have 3 completedyears a special higher or to a teachers trainingexaminations. cour.e either to a post as to-fah- studies 'ourse in these "Mr aftertraining1 if completiot' a candidate course. of can Abe give evidence, of professionalexaminations required for admission can be reduced to 2 or experience wired to Me - Priary technical and whichA final deCermines examination entry is held to teaching profession. at the end of the teachers, training -course _ vocational teachers PedagogicsInstitute of ) A 2 maryeducationcertificatethePrimary teaching. Institute technicaltraining or equivalent. of Pedagogics and The minimum duration of the course takes place after 6 yearsvocational teachers are required andAdmission hold the tointermediate the vocational sch,o1 and technical experience in pri- to have attended teachers' - Instructors Institute of Crafts after 6 presentedCandidatesend of.ertifiette which for wishing anthe inexamination trainingtheirto become specialist course entranceis held. examinationinstructors made are required to holdsubject ("maitrise"). training course is They must then be up of a an advanced1 year at \ tional certifi-pro-ficiency(Xa- cate) vocationalnicalingtheoretical coursesector experience. lasts and(general can 3 years,be and reduced vocational as is the case for other teaching staff up to 2 years depending on the candidatestheory) andPractical part. The train-of tech- Agriculture aryvocation411See technical second- and 3/4/5 othervocationalCertificatedvocationaltrain/rg A, .tors teachers isteachersteachers, of equivalent technical as inwellteachers to those engineering (engineers in agronomy),as instructors whose ofscientific physical andeducation,required for the same teaching primary technical andcategories pedagogicalin b. TechhicalEducationHigher technical School University teacher+4 2or year 5 year's 1.There alq 3 categories of Secondary teachers transferred teachers ineducation, the higher are technical recruited to schools or appointed to posts in higher cycle: of agriculture. technical periodtraining 3.2.education (see 5, secondary TechnicalCertificated and teacherstransferred in engineering. education). teachers. 9. andSchool commerce of management University trainingperiodteacher+4 years2 year nostsAll teachers in schcol have of beenmanagement transferred from secondary and commerce. schools or appointed to LUXEMBOURG TEACRER'S TRAINING . . 55 Teachers Place of Trainin (inlength years) of Study Other information 10. Institute of Ped4cigicS University teacher+4 years2training year . course There1.- are 3 categories of tea,hers at Institutesecondary of Pedagogics teachers transferred Or appointed to Institute of Pedagogics InstituteUniversity ofPedagogics At least 4 years course3.2. is pedagogy) primaryuniversity schools degree inspectors holders (centrerecruited of as'part-timepsychology. staffresearch '(practical etc) eamination+cal .3Luxembourg9 experienceyearsyears practi-at University 11. University courses University scientificabroadUniversity-level in higherarticles. educationteaching staffor who is have made completed up of lecturers research qualified work or'published to teach . IRi

4 ocl,2 Ho -wires et programmes de l'ecole technique - 1966 - Ministre BIBLIOGRAPHY 1'Education nationale ,Statistiques:Horaires Courrier et programmesde 1'Education de 1'Ecole des arts et metiers.-nationale, 1967 Ministere de 1'Education nationale - Ministere de 1'Education nationale : cba EnseignementEnseignement technique universitairemoyen - etruin professionnel 1970et Institut prive, u pedagogique,public, jaivier dewembre 1970 1969 juillet 1970 SecondaryHorairesorgalisationEnseignement atand programmesscolaire techniqueintermediate 1970-71 deet l'enseignementprofessionnel,education - Ministere de 1'Education nationale degr4ssecondaire, inferieur armee at moyen,scolaire 1970-71, Ministre de 1'Education nationale 0 - Extracts fromliMemorialuA. n° A. n° 88,60,26,23, 3Q2718 25decembreseptembremai mai 1966 1968 1967 1965 Pre-primary anA primary education- Extracts from "Memorial"A. n° : 47, 22 aoat 1963 Higher education - Texts of various laws from that of 10 : August 1912 to that of 5 August 1963 Bulletin de documentation, Ministere- Extracts from "Memoria1 "1. n° 32, 10 juillet A. n° 27, 21 ruin 1969 d'Etat, Servie information et 1969 presse, II° 10: 23eme annee, 15 octobre 1967 SchoolsStudy on Systems:in teachers/Etude Europe, vol. II,sur partles A, Walter A Cdide. Council of Europe, Council enseignants : Schultze, 1969, Verlag J. Beltz Denmark, Italie, Luxembourg, for Cultural Co-operation DECD, 1968 EducationalDevelopmentWorld Survey-of Expansion.inof Higher Education, Education OECD vol. Countries 1950-1967,II, since III, IV, UNESCO. Statistical Survey, OECD, 19701950, OECD, 1971 SWITZERLAND

I (July 1972)

Period of compulsory schooling varies from canton to canton,from 6th or 7th birthday to 14th, 15th or 16th. Compulsory schoolingends in 7th, 8th or 9th year of studies. In cantons where compulsory schooling is less than 9 years, an optional 8th or 9th year of studiesis often available.

00057 SWITZERLAND 58 Type of Education or Institution , Length of Study Requiremants En tra rum Certificate Full/ Other Information 0.E.C.O. Classification 01 (in years) (2) (3) (4) Part Time (5) (a) , . EducationType of (7) Years of Study(I) 1. Pre-primary . ., . education _ tines1.1 Ecoles(Infant enfan- ableVari- variesAge offroM entry canton Pre-school education in Switzerland . Pre- 1.2'1.cschools) ^' Kindergarten . dindepen- to canton theis notexcretion compulsory of Geneva for Children; where the with primary canton ' final year of infant s:hool consti- o (nursery1.3 Scuole schools) materne cycle.tutes the 1st year of the primary - . . andcompulsoryyearschildrenPre-school 7). of Only agebetween educationschoolin thedepend cantons3 it'-designed of Solothurn, for egins (betweenon age 6 at whichand 6 or 7 .- . _ . . casespre-primaryresponsibleVaud, the Geneva communes instruction. for and the thebear organisation town the ofrunning Basel of 14, many, ore 2. Primary edu- semi-privAtecost. institutions. There are also many private or li. cation . ' -2.1 Zurich,(Unterptufe) Primarschule luzern, 6 oldTo be depending 6 or 7 years on . . timeFull- .Primaryeducationstages. Viz, Is adivided lower andinto upper 2 divi- Primacy St-Gallen.,thurnGlarus,Obwalden,Uri, Schwyz,Appenzell, Zpg, Nidwalden Grau- Solo- canton .sionascountrythechildren and "Gemeindeschule" German_speaking is some non-fee-payingliving primary in Switzerland.(communal partschoOls for of all the areschool) Inknown 1 - 6 Schaffhausen,-bundent Baiel-District, Thurgau 5 - thurnInor-"Volksschule" the pupils cantons can of go (stateLucerne on to school) certainand Solo- 1 - 5 -Aargau Berne, Basel-Town 4 thesecondary canton5th year schoolsof ofVaud primary onsecondary completion cycle schools and of in 1 2.2 tcolv primaire , Full- yeartake primaryin pupils cycle. on completion of 3rd ,, . - 4 Geneva-niveau Fribourg, inferieur Valais, 6 . time 1 -. 6 2.3- SCuolaNeuchatel, elemen- Vaud 5 J Full- 0 II -.5 'tare.. Ticino 5 time - 1 - 5 SWITZERLAND 59 Type of Education lengthsof Study Entrance Certificate Full/ Other Inform Ilion 0,E.C.O. ClassificationType of Years of 5. Special Educa- tion or Institution (I) (in years) (2) Requirements (3) (4) Part Time (5) c, (6) Education (2) Study (e) )r5.1.Sonderklassen Sonderschule Full-time usedtheseAll of in arethese teaching schools schools of or children fulfilclasses same whospecia- role:.are Special ' iilfsschule5.2.Hilfsklassen or physicallyIn most casesand mentally length ofhandicapped. period of , 5.4.3pezialklassen5.3.F3rderklassen I schoolingcompulsorycycle but corresponds inperiod those is cantonsto less normal than where school 9 years or nentales3.5.ClassesSpezialschule specialor enseigne- speci- study.completeit is often 1 or possible 2 further for years pupils of to . ieveloppement3.6.Classes de . - 4.5.7.Scuola 1st Cycle speciale General tionSecondary (practical Educa- . ' 4.1.Primarschula 717Eses) Completion of . Full- Thii 'also marks the end of compulsory General (Oberstufe) sectionlower primary time training,education usuallyand may completedlead to vocational at a S Secondary (b) 5 Nidwalden,- BernUri, Obwalden, Appenzell 5 12 , post-school level. , 7 7- 8 9 -bundenZug, Schwyz,AargauSt-Gallen, Basel-Town Glarus, Grau- 33 76 - 98 -4.2.Realschule Zurich 3 primaryCompletion school of timeFull- variousTheseacanton practical schools cantons of Zurich aretype but to ofthatit be instruction.is foundthey only prdvide inin the 11 7 - 9 -4.3.Sekundarschule Basel-Town- Basel-District 53 'Completionyear-cycle 5thof ofprimaryyear 4th Full-time leadsregarditsThis meaning termto. to This,theis varies usedopenings is bywhyespecially 17 thisthe cantons termschool with willbut It 5 89 - Solothurn .. 3 - 6th year be emphasisthisfound classification at of various the schools points depending ourriculum. throughout on the 76 - 9 SWITZERLAND Length of 60 Type of Education m Study Wrenn . Certificate f AV Other Information OEM Clauffication Years of 0)Institution On (2)years) Requirements (3) o) Part Time (5) (s) EduutionType of (7) Study (e) 4.4.Scuola elemen- 1 -tare Ticino 3 See 4.1 , Fulltime See 4.1. These classes are being SecondaryGeneral (Primary4.5.Ecole School primaireupper division) primarylowerCompletion division school of. of timeFull vocationalmayOnphased completionenter out. employmenttraining. of this or cycle take pupilsup (b) II 6 8 Geneva- Fribourg, Valais,Vaud . 43 7 - 9 classes)nales4.6.Classes (Terminal termi yearschoolCompletion of 'primary of 7th timeFull . 2These years classes of compulsory correspond schooling to the last 1 6 9 - NeuchAtel 2 . 8 - 9 complementairestation4.7.Classes et classes d'adap- yearCompletiAX of, 6th ary timeFull introducedThese classes for havepupils been who especially cannot ti complementary("Adaptation" and school - follow the "foundation course". . - Genevaclasses) 3 . 7 - 9 tation4.8.Cycle (Foundation d'orien- yearCompletion of 6th of primary . timeFull while providing instruction of a ,, -coursecourse) Geneva practical 3 school , inforpulsorywhichgeneral their all corresponds pupilseducationnaturechoice aimsthisof andtostudies.The at foundation the whichguiding end is of coursepupils com- commoncourse, 7 9 . thetionalcomprises practical training. 4 sections,section leading one of towhich voca- is The other sections ralOberklassen4.9.Oberschule, secondary (Gene- primaryCompletion school of Fulltime will theTheseappear primary schools under cycle' appropriateare aand continuation lead headings, either ofto n . -schools) SchaffausenLuzern,Zurich Solothurn . 32 cakestranceeducationorthe toBerufsschulen these theexamination forFortbildungsschulen are apprentices) terminal (vocationalis held. schools - no schools)(further en-and In some 67 - 8 8 -klassen4 Obwalden,Nidwalden.10.Abschluss- 2 II 11 theyasthe also lead to the Fortbildungs-equivalentAbschlussklassen to the Oberschulen can be considered since 7 - 9 - Glarus, Zug , a 3 --- tudy.lessen" after 2-3 years of full-timeera The. canton of Schaffhausen that - e 7 - 8 9 SWITZERLAND 4 61 Type of Education Length of Entrance Certificate Full/ Other Information . 0.E C 0. Classification Years of or Institution (1) (in years) Study (2) , Requirements (3) (4) Part Time (5) (6) EducationType of (7) Study 04 -, , nalyearstoeducation,completing classes the but Fortbildungsachulen also (2 theirand years).fill include period the for role a of those4th aftercompulsoryof yearpupilsterms- 3 . called "Berufswahlklasse". (see 4.11.) , . schule4.11. Berufswahl-(Vocation'al Completion of 3rd timeFull correspondsThis is a school to 9th or year class of whichschooling. .. secondarygeneral -school) Aargau or "1 , schule"year of "Sekundar- andbetweenThis beginning is endin factof of compulsory avocational "transition" schooling training. year (b) 9 -Berufswahlklassen Basel-District, 1 . .,. 9 Appenzell,hausen Schaff-- . it -4.12.Werkschulen Graubunden 3 yearCompletion of primary of: 6th Fulltime Couries lead to vocational schools. - 7 - '1 - Uri, Schwyz or 2 studies , . 7 - b Werk- und Berufs- primary8th year studies of . . . - .St- (,alien wahlschule 1 . - . .. . 9 4.13.Enseignementet classes d'ada'p- primary5th year studies of ... timeFull schoolingCorresponds and to leads end ofto compulsoryvocational tation pre-profes- r ...... 'schools. . . sionnelsclasses.-tion"course'and ("Adapts:- pre-voca- t _ . . tional) . . . , . 6 9 . 4 , - NeUchAtel4:14.Classes de . 0 6th year of, , . ... Full Corresponds to "Abschlussklassen" 44 promotion (promo7 . primary studies , -time , ' -titn Valais classes) 2. . , . 7 - 8 tation4.15,Classe profession- d'Orien- . primary,studiesFollowi 8th year . Fulltime betweenThese are the also primary transition achools'and classes com- ,4 ... guidancenelle (Vocational claAses) 1 . plementary vocational scboOlh. 9 4.T6.Classe. menagbreVaud S Follows $th year , Full This course is desigged for girls and n . -course)(Domestic Vaud science _ - primary stuiies , . .time / science.Itis post-schoolis a course levelpurely but in isdomestic compulsory. 9 SWITZERLANP 62 Ty14 of Education Lengt11 of Bitranc , ._ . , . ,- . or Institution 01 yam), Mindy Requireme ft- , Certificate , FWU . Other , Information . &EC 0 MassigcationType 0 . 'k (1) . , (2) - i3) 10 Part Time '(5) . . . (Q) : - . -.., . . EdmUen (7).- Study 0 er . . . (e) . 4.17.EcOle menagere . - . , ., ,.-1 school)Domestic science . . . . timeFull .. ehablesThe coUrse them is to designed complete Tor girls their com-: and second9ry"General - Valais. _ , 2 of Followsprimary 6thstudies year ' . pulsoryto _domestic schooling science. and introduces In Genevb thethem girls (b)---- 7 - 8 - Geneva . Follows 7thyear 40- furthercan continue 3 years their,atudies (cf 7.7.) for a of primary studies . . . . 8 - 9 4 :18.Scuolaiomia domeetica di-eco- TO be,aged 14 . . Full " - Ticino 1 . 'time . adaged14Attendance apprenticeship who isdo compulsorynot orintend enter for to girls a vocatio- undergo , . nal or general school. instruction 9 4%1-9.Scuoie dl . . . . - schoolingcovers the(9th last year). year of compulsory . l . . )nalesvviadento e commerciale- Professi- scuolaCompletion maggiore of . -time Full vocationalPreparatory and courses commercial leading school. to' ,i 9 , . 5. 1st Cycle General . , 1 moderntionSecondary -classes general Educe- or - - . , . -5.1.Sekundarschule Luzern, Uri,. 3 Completion of 6th , . i - Full, . The "Sekundarschu]e" , _ can in some cases . , . " Nidwalden,Schwyz,,Obwalden, Glarus, studies,year of primary(with ex- . time 4ducationlead to theor teacher2nd cycle training of secondary "- . 7 - 9 ception of Bern, college . AppenzellZug, Solothurn -Rh.Ext., In4All store year. 'cantons bdtto this a "gymnasium" ;type of school or college seldom leads preparing . len,St-Gallen, Aargau,Tturgau Graubun- AL' examinationan entrance is . condarypupils forleaving either certificate, category A More or B se- - Zul-ichBern! 2,3 or 5 required ; . . . . thecommonly higher the commercip3 "Sekundarsdhule" school (St. leads to . 5 4 . . zell,Gallen, Zug, Thurgovia, Schwyz, Luzern,Crausunden, Born and Appen- -77 - rip- 9 84. . " 2ndZurich) year of frequently studies. on completion of . /10 . 11 Zurich there are 3 types of , . . . . - . -¢arschule:sohulo" there iswhich the leads"SokOndar- to the "Handel- Sekun- 0 . . -teachervtraining'2 yearsschule" further dr college the study "Oberrealschule" afterand to the 3 yea after . 'further study; the "Sekundarreal-* , . , Schulte" loading to the Technikum, leadingstudy;Werksachulen theto the"Sekundarrealoberaohule" Borufsachulenetc. after 3 years of part- . time1 vocational schools)17- after r .2, SWITZERLAND,. - 63 .. -, TypelotEducation or listitution (idLength of Study OM) Requirementi Enhance , , Certificate , Part Time Full/ Other Information 0a 0 ClassificationEducationType of Years of Study . tt) i" (2) - ... (it (4) (5) (6) (7) _ (e) . . . These schools, which are of same . General 7 - 9' - Otallden,.z:Rolischule Appen- 3 Completion of: Fuldtime . Secondary Lsell Basel-:Town (Innen4thodes) , primaryEth,year stucien. o! ., _level leadas "Sekundarschule", to vocational schools generally and comer- - (b), 5.-10' Basel-District .4 6 - 5 and4th 5than BaSel-toumin Basel- , , ,oialschools.can go 9n to the "MAdchenoberschule" In Basel-town, girld an b6 --9/1C . 4 district and , . after IFyears of study. Here -they 9 - Luzern Luzern. . . , .. . r prepar=e certificates over 4 years, one Generallyexamination entrance re- - . schools.of Inwhich the leadscanton -to of certainLuzern thenigher Realschulc quired , corresponds"Mittelschulen". to type C courses of the . . . 5.3.Stadtrealschule 4 - yearCompletion of pribury., of5.th . - .' timeFull' yearAfter of2 yearsthe "Kantonsschule" (gymna- years of study may lead to 1st Generqi . - Schaffhausen . 5 studies- Entrance ' ' '. sium) or after 4 years to 2nd year of. Generally leads to vocational -1P24-q14-,---9/1 . examination . . ,-. . same. -s-ctaffhauseri.5.4.Landi-eaIschUls , yearCompletion of "Obe'r.kl:as.=. offtst timePull Leadstraining. to schoOls of agriculture. Generalsecondary / - 9 . een"', Entrance ' . . (h) . :. %exabination , Full Contrary to what the school's name ,, -5.5.1lnterrealschule Uri .; completion. "primaTy years ),. Entrance school (6 of time notsuggests, lead tothe the "Unterrealschule" "RealsChule" but does to . .. .7 - 9 . 1 , ., .- ..., . examination . partcanton -time Gfilri. vocational schools of the i This type of educe- ,- ! .- . _ tionalonly inestablishment the canton ofis Uri.known as such bChule et, Realliorkurs..6.MStichenreal.- - .- Completion'school.vEntranceyear,ofprimacy . of 6th timeFull, .of the instituteThislead school to forthe and girlscommercial the. andcourses may section are partof the ,, 7 - - NidWalden. ., . . . ;3 examination ..,. institute. . 9 Completion of7th . ' Full Leads to vocational training. 5.7.Handwerkerschul . -' yeas or primary time 8 - 9 - Glarus. . 2 . . schdol.examination Entrance 5.8.BezIrksschp/e * dompketionot 13ri . Full Leads to commerical school% and " 7.'Solothurh . . 5 -,4 mpty:school. En- time teacher training colleges. . . 7 -9/1( trance.examination, , . & . - . V- SWITZERLAND , 64 4- 1' . , .: ,Type of. Education or Instotutioo _ - _Length ofOn years) Study Requirements Entrance .. . Certificate , full/ , Other Information - . 0.E.C.O. -,Classification.', , , (2) -, Part Time , . - . Type of '' , Years of Study - (4 . ta) . : (4 . . .(5) (0 . ,'Educition (D- (0.... lafres):9. Eel:51es inferieureS secon- . yes!'Completion primary of'6th . , Full, 'This includes ants technical and com-' o schools),iscycle secondary school . . time . biasedmercial regional sections. schools 'belong The agtieultnrally- tothiO (a),orsecondeiyGeneral (p) Fribourg 3 z 4 . -. . ofiscategory. similarthe "gymnasium", Theto thatarta of bectibnthe the 1,st'eycle curriculum . 7, -9/10 . - . . _ . .o lead either,after 2 other sections . - years, to teacher . -- . training colleges and higher, . , commercial , , . schools, or after 3 years to vocational training,- full 'or part -time. . . ' , - . 5.10:Classes super- . 'Completion Leaving . " . :1Leures asses) (Upper 6 years primary of 5 or cate . certifi- timeFull- sotThese attending classes areoseondary intended colleges" far pupils Genell - Veud 3 - 4, schooling . who show enough ability to 'benefit but secon ary. ' (b) . . larlyfrom gifteda secondary pupils course. these classes For particu- . . 6 .- 9 - . lead to a'transition clhss. in the may 7 or 9 . .. , mathematics and science section of the . . . "gymnasium" and direct entry Of the 2 - 5.11.Collbges -secon- Completion of 3rd Fpli. year of the' higher . of commerce. . -iolleges),iaires Vaud (Secondary . school.Yearexamination orprimary Entrance Secondarycertificate leaving . . time canschoolan enrolcompletion pupilsin a 2-year ofin 3rdthe foundation cantonbf school year of, primary Vaud cour , " .Cycle d'orientation '(Founds- - 2 ' toafter their which intellectual they are streamedability andaccordin voce 4 - 5 - Section longues tion course) 4 , - . . . sectionstional preferences of these colleges. into the various . -,modernes et sec- . _ - commercialsections lead courses either or VC, to vocatiOnala general Thee or ionsgenerales - : . . . . course leading to a general studies 6 - 9 sections)and(Modern general language . . 1 . 5,3.)certif,teFor other sections see _ 5.12.Enseignement Completion of 6th - : . . ,, sicondafre du ler . Full 1st cycle secondary education generaledegre -(1st section cycle - Entranceyear primary examine- school. . time ' leads2 sections: especially General to, studiesvocational section comprises . secondary education- tion .- . poMmercial courses. (For other and section - -general Valais section) . - . . . see 6.4.) \ t . . ,- . . 7 - 9 . . 65 SWITZERLAND . O.E.C.O ' Type of Education or Institution . (in years)Length of Study Requirethents Entrance Certificate Part Time Full/ Other Information - Type of Class' ication Years of Study 5.13.Enseignement, 0) A (2) Completion of (3) (4) Full (5) The 1st year of studies, known as the (6) , * General Education (4 (0 mr,secondaire classes inferi- moder- primary(5 years) school, time "first commonmodern tovocational the modern year" aod,vocational is secondary (b) . . . les (1st cycle section (See 4:13.) Instruction . . . -aodern3e,-ondary Neuchatel section) education, 4 . vocational'andprovided(See also in these6.5) commercial classes courses,'leads to 6 -.9 . The 2-year pre-reform type classes . , cantonbeforeor transition maythe alsopresent classes be includedreform in operationin in the tl4s, category. . 1. , foundationtation5.14.Cycle (General course)d'orien- . schoolyearsCompletion of primary of 6 . timeFull tionalcourseThis section andleads commercial ofin theparticular foundation courses to (Seevoca= . - Geneva 3 4.8. and 6.6. for other sections) . . . 7 - 9 5.15."College-noderne" Geneva 2 schoolyearsCompletion of primary of 7 , , timeFull parationis Instructionintended for for vocationalis boys of generalproviding and naturecommer- pre- and " 8 - 9 , . cial courses. ti ore5.16.Scuola maggi- yearsCompletion of scuola of 5 timeFull maggioreAfter 3 years may leadof study either the to scuola the . , - Ticino 3 elementare , the"scuola higher di school economia of commercedomestica" (scuola Or to 6 - 8 . . a di 8thcommercio), year without or to an the entrance ginnasio exami- (,to , - . trancenation examination),or to 9th year or with to the.an en- . commercialwhich"scuola provides d'avviamento and vocationala preparatory professionale" schools, year foror , . t: 34e=ritrainin g college prepare- . 6.1st Cycle'Secondary General Educa- . . . secondaryeducationMost cantons establishmentsin longprovide courses this i.e. generaltype of sciencetioii - latinclasses and ,,' - . 8."gymnasium" as described in section There are however several speci- . . fic establishments - see list beldw. SWITZERLAND 66 Type of Education or Institution finLength years) of Study Requirements Entrance Certificate Part Time Full/ Other Information 0.E.C.D. ClassificationType of Years of ..1.Progymnasium (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Education (7) Study(8) Basel-DistrictBern 45 orschoolyearCompletion 5th primary (Basel-(Bern) of 4th timeFull slum)attendstudiesOn completion anda pupilssecondary prepare of in 4th thecantonschool year entrance of(progymna-of Bernprimary exami- can SecondaryGeneral (a) 65 - 9 9 crSt-Gallen 3 Gallen)6thDistrict) (Zug with and or satis-St. , . nations2nd cycle allowing secondary them schoolto go onor tothe the 7 - 9 'ZugIrntergymnasium 3 entrancefactory marksexamine- and . awardingHandelsschule a commercial (commercial leaving school) certifi- tion of(with Bern) excep- . sameafterin cate.canton type 5th Such ofyear establishmentBasel-districtis of also primary the case school.is who knownfor enrol Thepupils as 7 - 9 C , schoolsZug.an "Untergymnasium" Statistics are included concerning inwith the those thesecanton on of n2.Bezirksschule 4 Completion of 5th Full Thisthe Sekundarschulen type of school forprovides canton prep- of Bern. ri Aargau year of primary . . time aration for both 2nd cycle*of second- 6 . . , examinationschool. Entrance ..., tionalary schools and teacher and for training commercial schools. voca- - 9 .atine-etlaires-'sec--,ionsn3. collage:: taths= secon- - foundationCompletion- courseof : school-certificateLower secondary timeFull colleges"gymnase"Leads to see corresponding(For 5.11.) other sections section of of thee: the " :ion)laths-sciences:ollegegiciences (Secondary,- latlnard sec7 . , - -. . , Vaud , . . 4 . . . . _ .. 5.4, Enseignement .. COMpletion of 6th Full Leads-to 2nd cycle of secondary schoo . 11 6 - 9 c [egretiecondaire section du terlit- .". school.year of..11trance primary time dart'preparing leaving pupils certificate for 2nd cycle("maturite) secon- . arts;econdary:.eraire section) 4lit education, cycleValais 3 examination . - (See 5.12. for other section), ;econdairei.5.Enseignement inferieun - ' primaryCompletion school of Full Leads to corresponding section of 7 - 9 , time "Gymnases" (See also 4.13. and 5.13) , rtSections scieotifignes classiques L (5 years) , . .1clucation;1st cycle -secondary classics . -and Neuch&tel science section) , 4 6 - 9 67 SWITZERLAND Length 0 Entrance O.E.C.O. Classification Type of Education or Institution floYear0 Study R uirements \ , Certificate -Part Time Full/ Other Information . EducationType of (l) Years of Study (0) , (3) , (0) (5) ' , (6) '(A) 6 .6. Cycle d'orien- ifl Completion of 6 - Full Leads to 2nd cycle of secondary : . General et ( ntifiqueation, SectiOns el: latine sci- schoolyears of primary time education (see also 5.14.) t secondary (a) Latin and scienceFoundationection) course, . Geneva 3 . . 7 - 9 .7.GinnasioTicino 5 5Completion years(primary-school)"scuola elementardof certificate)secondaryleLicenza (1st cycleginnasia- leaving - timeFull secondarysection.'intocommonAfterenrol either 1stto either -school)allyear Holdersthe pupils ofinarts wherestudiesa of liceo ortheythe theythe "licenza"arewhich(2nd sciencecan streame cycle ispre- can secondaryGeneral(a) or (b) 6 -10 yearspareinpre-primary(3-4 type a oryears)higher inA, aB leadingteacherschoolteachers'or C "maturite" oftotraining commercecertificatea primary incollege (33 or or , aleyears)"maturita" maturita" leading oror to toin the thethe commercial "economica-soci-"technicum". ' ,2nd Cycle -tionSecondaryGeneral general - short studiesEduca- tut Fulltime generaltointendedThis toprovide vocationaltype instruction for ofthem girlseducation withschools andbefore a wider-basedits iswhere particularlytheypurpose age go ofonis . schools,admission kindergartenis 17 or 18 (e.g.teacher social training schoolsdoes notetc.). generally This type lead of to course the 2nd - '.1.Frauenbildungs- Completion of the . Full Leadscycle("maturit6"). tosecondary kindergarten leaving teacher certificate colleges General 1 and MSdchenschulen2urich 3 the"Realschule" "Sekundar- or . time science.and colleges for teachers in domestic. secondary (b) 10-12 '.2.Fortbildungs- Completionschule" - 3of years the Leaving certifi- Full Leads to kindergarten teacher colleges ,-. 11 chule Bern 2 "Sekundarschule" cate . time ft It 10-11 Aargau,A7.3.Tochterschule Thurgau, Luzern, St-Gallen 2 dary1stSekundarschuleCompletion cycle school secon- ofof or timeFull 10-11 SWITZERLAND 68 fi TypeofEdbcMmn (inLength of- Study, Entrance Certificate Full/ . Information DUD, Classification or Institution n yrs) Requirements ntPart . Pe Time EducationTyped YEW of Study (1) (2) a) (4) (5) -;chule'.4.Madchenober- Basel-Town 4 "Realschule"Completion of cateLeaving certifi- iftheFull theseOneof schoolsthe loeptificates gives access awarded to certain by , (e) secondaryGeneral (r) o) '.5.Gymnases, Sec- 1 Completion of higher schools. II (b) 9 -12 -Fstudies)Onerale;ion Vaud de culture(general 2 general"secondary'hd section especiallycollege" to cateLeaving certifi- timeFull - II sure7.6.Ecole de jeunes superi- Completion of 1st Leaving cart fi- Full This school leads to general subjects it 10-11 -3cnriol)LLX1es Neuchatel (Girls Higher 3 educationcycle secondary cate , time forcertificate women. and to various profession4 7.7.Ecole menagere Completion of 1st Various leaving Full 11 10-12 -science)(School Geneva of domestic ) '3 educationcycle secondary certificates time thevidestheandThe teaching certificatestrainsinstructionupper sectionofstudents the in gives subject. of domesticfor this access careers school science to in pro- One of 10-12 .r.-----__- ticeshiprelatedschools ofmedicalsection nursing fieldspthetrains and careerstailoresses in ' appren- . in its own workshops. 8..General SecondaryC17717=ongEducation -type, 2nd All(from establishments 8.1. to 8.12.), mentioned the below ,.. names of , -8.1. Zurich Gymnasium 6a 6thtionEntrance year after: ofexamine- pr.i.m5-proMMaturite"/A, - B tineFull nations,ficateminedpreparewhich byvaryboard details pupilsthk according (l'Ordonnancesecondary forof which"maturite" to leaving arethe sur deter-canton exami-lacerti- secondaryGeneral (a) - - Uri 7 studies 11 . "Maturite" A,B,C. maturitethisreconnaissance board, - ORM). the IndeConfederation conjunctioncertificats withde- 7-137-12a - Zug - 6i II "Maturiten A,B,C. nisesas follows: the "mazurite"lcertifiCates recog- - Appenzell Rh.Int. 7i 11 cantonalnmaturite" (a) Type A,B or C awarded by a canto- 7 -12k - . , St-Gallen- Schwyz ' 7i6i IIIt "Maturiten"Maturite" A, B,C.B. fulfilnalarticle school conditions 6board to 25 ifstipulated-inof schools certificate concerned board. , 7 -12k-13k Ob'i-valden it cantonal"maturite""Maturiten A, B,C. kb) Type A, B or C awarded by the 7 -13k - Glarus 86i " "Maturite" A and B bydatesFederal the have boardcertificate taken in accordance examinations board after with set candi-the . 77-14 -12k SWITZERLAND 69 Type of Education Length of Study Entrance 'Certificate Full/ Other Information D.E Type of C 0 Classification Years of or Instution 0> it (m years) (2) Requirements (3) 0) Part Time (5) (6) ! tEducation AT' StudyIN - Solothurn . 7i studies5th year of primary "Maturite A,and B timeFull of certificate20th January.1925. examination regulations . secondaryGeneral (a) 6-12* - Basel-Town- Basel-District 3i studies4th"Progymnasium" year of primary "Maturite"cantonal "maturite" A,B,C.A,B,C boardcerWicstesderationsCantonal( "ma.turites") of examinersleaving and awarded the certificates recognised federalhave by theequal leaving federalby status.the Confe- 105-12 -12k - Bern 3i or"Sekundarschule" -"Prog mnasium" y . cantonal"Maturit4" "Maturit& A,B,C. ...dinsecondaryrite"Maturite emphasisB" leavingincludes A" representsis certificate onlatin classics. and a 2nd modern whose"Matu- cycle 10-12* Holdersandlanguages,the"maturit4" science. condition of "Maturit4any can one that enrol of C" theythase inmathematics- takeany 3-types facultythe com-of on ' - . plementary examinations required by - differentleavingthe faculty. certificates universities. Recognition of cantonal depends on the , . . In the German-speaking patt of Swit-, . . . . . bearsofzerland period the thisname of.study typeof "Gymnasium". ofvaries establishment depending Length on 8.2.Kantonssdhule Completion of: Full Otherattending6thwhether year name pupils of afor 1stprimary enroltypes cycle schoolafterof secondary institution 4th,or after 5th,schooL General - Luzern 8 ary5th studies.year of prim-En- ',. "Maturit4" A,B,C. time . similar to "Gymnasium". ' . secondary (a) 6-13 Schaffhausen . 5i 2trance yearsrealschule. examinationof Stadt- En- "Maturit4" A,B,C. -' 8-12* - Appenzell Rh.Ext. 6 trancestudiesC)or6th of7thyear examinationprimary year or(type en- (type A/B) "Maturit4",A,B,q. havepupilsThe"Sekundarschule" firstcompleted of twosection yearsthe A2nd can areand year go commonB. on PupilsqY to theto the who 3rd 8-12i7-12* - Aargau trancetionEntrance"Bezirkschule" examination examina- MatUrite A,B,C. ' yearof: the course. 10-13 SWITZERLAND Type of Educ3tton Length of Entrance 0.E C 0 Classification 70 or Institution I) on years) Study Requirements Certificate -Part Time Full/ Other Information Type of Years of . (2) (3) (4) 0) (6) Education 0) Study00 -Fidelis8.3.Kollegium Nidwalden St- , 8 studies.6thCompletion year ofEntrance primer/ of: A or B "maturite" timeFull dedotherCorresponds into'a cantons. 3-year to the 1st "Gymnasium" cycle of Instruction is divi- common to. secondaryGeneral (a) 7-34 8.4.Oberrealschule Completionexamination of: ' whichall pupils includes and ana 5-yearA and a2nd B section.cycle . - Zurich 4} examination2Sekundarschule years. Entrance - "maturite" C timeFull cyclerealschulen"generalin contrastmost and secondarycantons prepare toprovide have educationpupils onlyboth for thecycles the type 2nd "Ober- ofC the "Gymnasium" which " 9-12i - Glarus 3} Sekundlirschule. . II "maturitd" only. . tionEntrance examine- . 10-12i - Solothurn 4i-5i Sekundarschule " ,. 12i8-9/ -8.5.Mittelschule Luzern (type 4/B) 6 school,5thCompletion year entranceprimary of: - timeFull yearAfter of 3 theyears "Kantonsschule gives access to 4th - type C" I, 6-11 - ----_,_ ination bonding classes ofcertificate.canschule"and the afterprepare "Kantons- - 4type orA or6A yearsandB "maturite" B towhere ,the leaving pupils corres- - Graubunden 7 school6thexamination year - ofentrance primary C."maturit6" A,B-or rolyearPupils in of 3rd whothe year have"Sekundarschule" ofcompleted section theC aftercan 2nd en- 11 7-13 slum8.6.Tochtergymnar 5thCompletion year of of: sitting an entrance examination. . ' - Luzern 6 Entrancetionprimary examine-school. - timeFull orschule"yearCorresponds "gymnasium"B "matdrite"of studieswhere to and pupils classescertificatein gives the prepare "Kantons-1.access to in6 type of 2in the 7thA II 6-11 nal8.7."College 4t-Michel" canto Completion of: . Full yearn.This is a boys college only. It also I, - Fribourg 8 studies6th year of primary and"maturitd,A, C B time officialcialsectionhas asection higher inU.S.A. administration runschool curricula. in conjunctionof commerce, and a with a spe- , 7-14 SWITZERLAND vvf 7 Type of Education Leneh of Study Entrance Certificate Full/ Other Information . 0 E CIL Classi (cationType of Years of or Institution On years) Requirements . Part Time (6) - Education (7) Study(t) (1) (2) (3) 0) A (5) . 8.8."Academie Ste- Completion of: Full This is a school for girls. . General . -Croix" Fribourg' 7 primary6th year studies of "maturite" A and B Fulltime Imaddition to the "baccalaureat es- lkt secondary (a) " 7.-13 8.9.Gymnase 2 years "maturite" ApB and . , dime certificatelettres" (2nd in cyclearts subjects)secondary whichleaving 10-11 - Vaud andterm 1 certificateSecondary studies C . baccnlaureatesCes-sciences"Bis "maturite","maturlte" considered -and thedeequivalentinequivalent theLatin schools "baccalaureat and toto mathema-also thethe Aawardtype or .r, ofnottics these as and yet schoolsin recognised modern has languages also officially. a section which One areof , general studies (see 7.5.).., . . 7 -114 - Valais 8 studiesyearCompletion of primary of 6th rite"A, B and C "matu- A .-1. - NeuchAtel 3i standardcyclesectionsicsCompletion oe'sciencesecondary of 1stof cla A, rite"B and C "matu- trainingA "baccalaureat" colleges in(see teaching 9.6.) is also giving access to teacher . ' J 10-12 8.10.College de 7 Completion of 6th A, B and C "matu- Full There are 2 divisions, laating3 and - ., 7 -13 Geneve studies.yearexamination of primaryEntrance for rite" time gocompleted4 years on to respectively. the the upper foundation'cpurse division of the can Pupils who have \, . pupilshave whosatisfactory do not . examinationCollege with depending or without on takingmarks ob-an marks. Girlslable.tained are and admitted the number only ofto placesthe clas- avai- . 8.11. Ecole super- Completion of 7 B and C "maturite" Full Thistheysics canschoolsection prepare also of upperthehas A2 divisiontypedivisions "maturite" where of 3 n fillesieure de(Girls jeunes high schoolingyears of primary urite"and cantonal "mat- time - andsections 4 years of respectively. the upper division Oneof thepre- J sz.°:ool)- Geneva 6 . i ,particulargeneralpare pupils interest,tosubjects for theand girls. certificateother subjects in of 8 -13' SWITZERLAND 72 Type of Education or Institution Length of Study Requirements Entrance Certificate Full/ Other Information 0 E.0 0 Classification 0) (in years) (21 (3) (4 Part Time (0 ' (0 Education Type of (4 Years of Study 04 - Ticino3.12.Liceo 3 ginnasiale"Hold the "licenza . rite"A, B and C"matu-. timeFull ,) General 9. Teacher Training , . secondary (a) 11-13 9.). Lehrerseminar requiredIn trance6ener.t1 whichexamination en- certificatePrimary teacher's timeFull 5-yearinstructionThese schoolsteacher and providetraining teacher both schoolstraining. general tend The trainingteacher'sSecondary .. .h takee place after: subjects.professional2-yearinstructionto have upper a lower oftrainingcycle a 3-yeargeneral devoted and cycle natureoptional more providing toand a Aargau Bern, St-Gallen . 4 1st cycle secon- - ffolders of a primary teacher's certi- 10-13 - Schwyz, Grau- 5 dary (3 years) . e cancularficate enrol with (primaryin somea view faculties,teacher-male to preparing in orparti- a femalse- holden, 'utirau 5 condary teacher's certificate. 10-14 . - Luzern, Zug secondary2 cycle Oars of 1st andGenevaIn female) the primary cantons are teacherstrained of Basel-Town in(both the maleuniver-and 9 -13 , - Basel-Town 2 D3 "gymnase"years in a type andsities. candidates must hold the "matu- Training.lasts 2 or 3 years . 13-14 -9.2. Zurich Lehramtschule 5 2 years of 1st , u timeFull rite". 9 -13 9.3.Lehrerbildungs- secondary cycle , 1 Full -anstalt Solothurn 4 .1 time cycle1st (3secondary years) . ,10-13 -9.4.Unterseminar Uri,Schaffhausen- Zurich Glarus . 43 2 years"kantonsecortile" of " " " , . Fulltime 10-1210-13 -9.5.0berseminar Zurich 1 "Unterseminar"Completion of the timeFull. 1k - Schaffhausen 1 , . - 1A SWITZERLAND . OICO Classification Type of Education m Mgdamn Length d Study years) Requirements Entrance - Certificate . PPart WU Time Other idormidion Type of 'Jame Study . (in EdumMon 9.6.Ecole normale 0) (2) (3) (0 . (5) (6) Secondary (1) (0) -college) Fribourg(Teacher training 4-5 secondary cyclend year of 1st Primary*eacher timeFull . 'reachingmen lasts training 5 years collegeand 4, yearscourse for for teacher's 9 -12/1 1, women. - Vaud . 4: cycle1st (3secondary years) part-timeremedialThese schools basis class to alsoteachers primary have openateachers section on a for 10-13 3 . " teachersinfantInfant schooland semi- ficateholdersawith needlework several andof aof vocationalteachers yearsat least of section experience 19aptitude years open of certi-and toage 10-12 1i generalCertificate"Maturite", studies in and teachersDomestic science lentHoldersthe certificate competitive of the "maturate" ore entrance admitted or examinations equiva-without 12-13. - Valais 5 primarydary2ndcertificate year cycleteachers of secon- certificatePrimary teacher's 3to semesters. the classes on pedagngice lasting' 9 -13 - Neuchatel- 2 inHold teaching "baccalaureat' 11 13-14 9.7.Scuola-trale Ticino magi.- 3rd year of " scuola timeFull The school has various sections. " Corso prepara- , Maestritorsoelementare di scuola 42 maggiore"orLicenza preparatory ginnasiale Primary teacher . 9 -1011-14 , course . Licenza ginnasiale Nursery school , maternaMaestre di scuola 3 courseor preparatory teacher , 11-13 miaMaestre domestica di econo- 3 . 11 sciencesTeacher of domestic 11-13 amtsschule9.8.- St.GallenSekundarlehr- 3 collegeteachingHold(all a "maturite"types)certificate training or a dary1st cycle teacher secon- timeFull Onlyuniversity.cycleuniversitiesningcollege' the of secondarycanton thiswhich In (2typeall ofis teacherto St.Gallen otherindependent is3 years).provided cantonstraining hius ofby trai-a the the1st . universityHigher(education non 14-16 SWITZERLAND 74 Type of Educition lenott ct Study E ntrank e Full/ 0 E C 0 Classification m Institution 0) tin yedrS) (2) Requiremadts 'N., Certificate (a) Part Time (5) Other Information EducationType of Years of Study 9.9.Kinderg4rtner-innenseminar quiredexaminationGenerally,entrance after: re- (3) Nursery teacher timeFull mentionedThese schools in 9.10. together 9.11. with and those9.12. (6) teacherSecondary (7) (1) -Schwyz, ZugBern, Luzern,Graubunden 2 8th11th year-of year ofstudy study 4 ence.asometimes certain amountrequire of candidates practical toexperi- have training 12-13 - Solothurn,St--Gallen Aargau 22 9th10th year year of ofstudy study 11-12.10-119 -10 -rinnenseminar9.10.Arbeitslehre- Zurich 2 12thquiredexaminationGenex1/411y year afthr: ofentrance re-study teachersDomestic science timeFull secondarytrainedHere domestic for schools primary science or schools,girls teachers schools. 1st cycle are " - LuzernBernSolothurn -3 2 1i 9th10th year year of ofstudy " stIl'd3ra 11-1313 13-14-13k lehrerinnenseminar9.11.Hauswirtschafts-- Aargau . 2 Generally10th year entrance of study Teachers of dome- Full Trains domestic science teachers i r " 10-1111-12 -lehrerinnenseminarou BernZUrich Haushaltungs- - 42i quired10th12thexamination after:year of re-study stic Science time schoolsprimary orschools, girls schools.1st cycle secondary 13 -14k - AargauLuzern 23 - 11th year of study 12-1411-14 -Arbeitslehrerinnen-9.12.Haus- Schwyzseminar and 3 11th year of study ticCraftsTeachers science and of domes-handi- timeFull inof This9.10.teacher is and a training combination9.11. schools of the mentioned 2 typos II 12-13 --.Zug GraubundenSt-Gallen 234 9th8th11th year or of 12th study year 10-129 -1212-14 e of study .. ...4 12-13/1 SWITZERLAND DIU Classification 75 Type of Education. Ui Institutoi Length of Study Rmwmmots Entrance Certificate Part Time Full/ Other Informatidh Type of Years of Study 10:Commercial Education tul years) /0) (3) (a) (6) (6) Education (6) -nasiumor Zurich, 10.1.HandelssehulenWirtschaftsgyp- Zug,/ 4-5 2ndCompletion year 1st of: Certificate, com- Fulltime thetoschoolsIn theeithercase majority providemay leaving be, ofinstruction3 certificateorcantons 4 years these leading ofafter,as study, secondaryTechnicalficate(b) certi- 9 12/13 GallenSolothurn,walden,- {Luzern,Obwalden Appenzell-St= Nid- SOiwyz, 3-4 3 secondary cycle Certificatemercial "maturit6" thertainedor socialthefacultiesto study theschoolon studies completioncommercialgiving ofof economic higherof access St.Gallen. of"maturit6" economic aacionceto year certain of ob-and fur- to rite"(a) "math 9 11111/12 -Outer Bern*- Thurgau Rhodes Graubunden Aargau 3-4 3rd3rd year year Certificate,"maturit6"ertificate andIncanton but"maturit6" theValais in cantonsof different St.Gallenthe can certificateof be Basel-Pawn,sections. preparedthe certificate and together Fribourgthe In the 10`10-12/13 12 10.2.Ecole- Basel.-Tbrih or 2nd year "maturit6"ert_Aficate, Full Ingymnaaiumw.andcan Ticino, thebe prepared"maturit6" students in inthearo the "Nandelsschule"split "Wirtschafte- Into 2 9 12 -commerceecole VaudFribourg superieure de 3r4 4 2nd year ertificate,"mattrcit& tl time "maturit6"monawardsections course of theone 'lastingor certificateofto whicha 2nd2 years leadscycle after and toeconomics atheto com- the 9 -11/1212 - ValaisNeuchAtel,10.3.Scuola Genevacan- 3-4 3 Completion2nd3rd year year of ommercial It onAdmissionsocial examination. typo to section. some of these schools is 10-12/139 -11 -ditonale Ticino 11.commercio Othersuperiore types of. 35 or "ginnasio")or"ginnasio" the 3rd year(5 years of nd certificate or "maturit6"conomics-social "maturit6 'Full time 11-139 13 or Sprachschule11.1.Sprachkurs, Sprach- secondaryeducation S secondaryGeneral Variable guagedeHeilschule langues course) (lan-- Cours tt. (b) SWITZERLAND 76 Type of Education - or Institution Length of Study kequire meats Entrance Cedificate . . Full/ Other Information .. . 0.E.C.O. Classification ,(i) (in years) (2) -..r (3) (0 Part Time (5) ). , EducationType of (1) s , Years of, Study ' ,/ . 0 AN - Schwyz, Uri, Ob- 1-2 . . . Gallen,Schaffhausen,walden, Zug,Valais, St.- . -. . . . . N- . . . . . % . . . . 11.2.Fremdgnrachen- . ' . .,,, . - languageklassen courses) (Foreign . . ,. , 1 . - Gene'ralsdoOnda'ry . . . . t (b) -. Basel Distrrct . . ... ' ...... , , . - - . . ,.. 11-3.Classes d'ad- - , . - % .. - - , ft .. . aptation pour . . . --. 1 , etrangers (Inte- , %, . , . . . . "." ' .. % , fOreigOsrs)'gratipn classes for . . . . ,.../ St . - Neuchatel .. -0. ,,, - , . - - . . . . ." ...... - .. %.; . 11w4.Hausbeamtin- . - . . .. herinnennen, Ueime-rzie- (Youth . . % . . -,'.n_uh Luzern Leaders) 2-3 'r - , .. .- - ' -. ,..% ., ."1 . . . t.. . , . , , , - . . . . . - ,- . .. . 11.5.Fortbi/dungs- . *X .. . " . . .1., Schulenand HausW±ntsch (School . . , Parttime '.'Girls quirecrfo, attepd these courses which wh9 ha've'left sdhdol, clre re- "Spmple:.mentary -.- . . " . of complenniatary represen't:,360 pours of instruction ... domestic science) Vari7 . .., . Oeryear, untir_they re4ch the , . ageof i' - Basel District 'able .- - - ' 18, A :-...c, I .. -...... , ' . , ,..*: .4it, - 4 -, 11-.6.Industrie- ' . .. . . - . .. --k - ', ' N. , schulescnool) (Industrial . ., - . .. . .4 - Schwyz . _ . . ° .. .- . , t -,, _ , . . . .' a ) '.A 55 . 11.T.Vorbereitungs- _, ' = . At cyclesecondary level aneprepare -1Qenerill .-....- kurs'(Preparatory . pupils for "gyninase" . ., -, ..% . course) ' , . . v;^. secondary.. (6) r rs r 4 4%..Z* 1 SWITZERLAND . Type otEducetion or . . . , Length of . Entrance; . Certificate , Full/ , , fither.infOrmation. .. . 0.1E11, Citssifititien , . .. 'Institution 'fin Study years) :Requirements 5(3) . (4) . Part Time . - . t - ' Education Type of (1), 'tura cf .-(0Study (1) , (6) , : . (t) ,,, A .... 11.8.Vorschule -' , General .. . (Preparatoryfir': Pflegeberute ' . ,, . 4 Se under CO 4 I -school) Thurgau - , T. , '- a . t 11.9.Umschulangs- . , . a . The course is designed for.pr/mary :' . CoMple- . . .. . teachers and teachers. of handicrafti:' . theot4Fy . .. . k:.)rs,(R-ti.aining , . -courses Thurgau . . ' i : . . - TechniCal 10-11 - 1t.1.p.Scuola di , 2 Completion of 9th Leaving certifi- .amukInistrazione(School of .year of studies.?Atrapce examine- cate . ' ? Secondary (b) , . . " . . 'o administration) . tion ' - - Tieing . - . . . 12. Vocational daryIf in studiesthe fields-of the"chntons primary have aud entirelyBacon-, -,. - . . tducption . ' independent legislation - hence the . -'- . . educationaldiversity and system complexiity - in theat the.Swissfield of . . r . . '"differrt.vocational education the situation is According to certain arti- .. - . . . . , . - ' gler:rnmertlitle.hl:dlieglsMEitt=ririrtihethe field of vocational training 16 . . agricultureindustil, traded and domestic and crpfta, sc5ience. comberce, - . > . . . ofThis names explaIns used,-there why, despite is a certain the variety Uni- ,J -- - s Si lengthformity aud inentrante level Of requirements,Studies and the . . . , qualityawarded. of diplomas or certificates Moreover, these VoCational . . . blishmentsSchoold are runoften by supranationalprofessional bodies.esta- . ' . e.g-. hotel.schooIs, cheese-making , . .', , , . 'schoolsschools, fan HAroguistes". schools of andembroidery, th Textilfachachule -Schxeizerische(Zurich) whLch is d specialised voca- . ' . . . . fromtional all overschool the catering.coun.try, for pupils- In . ,. . ,- -. . mostare.subject-ta cases curricula federal and examinationslaws. 4 s '78 Length of O.E CM tIas Sification Type if Education. or Institution (in iears) Study Requirements Entrance 'Certificate . Part Time Full/ Other Information Type of Years of -.ning.tor commerce,12 .1,Vocationip. (1) trai-. (21 (3) (4) _ (5) (6) Education (7) . Study(8) . statte.12.1.1.-Lehrwerk-trade and industry Completion of encyFederal certifioate profici- Fulltime, These are workshop - schoolsproviding Technical . Bern, Zurich 3-4 studies9th year and of in ship)(end of apprentice- anda complete theoretical, training for bothapprentices practical secondary (b) 10-12713 - Graubunden 1 sometrance cases examination. en -- Intrained.exclusively the canton of Graubunden in 'the school.pupils llers12.1.2.Ecoles ate- Completion of Federal profici- Full Iquivalentningstudies,may, onafter a gotopart7time,basis. oneonschools withfull-time theirmentioned' lear-ofschool trai- above 10 Fribourg' .3-4 tion9thentranceand year in someof examina- school cases ship)(endency ofcertificate apprentice- . . time (see 12.1.1.) 10-12/13 schulen12.1.3.Verkehrs-, 'Completioncompulsory of schoo- / Certificate Full These schools of commerce and Admini- IL Solothurn- St.-Gallen, Luzern, ' tenddary3ling years toschoolwith inenter ata and secont- leastpub- in time startformainstration their cantonsat theare'apprenticeship ageandlocated ofprepare 17 in with ayoung chichfew the or theypeopleC.F.F. the 1 lic services forfiirotherwithTelecommunications) the(nationalVerkehrV Swissairsamecantons apprenticeships preparingrailways), there'are"Berufsschulenand Swiss 'Customs young P.T,T.radio. people services, (Post as above In and 1 -fo:sionnelles Vaud,120.4.E.-.1ez,pre- - Neuchatel pendingbleVaria- de- nerallyVariable 15but or ge- over ficatesDiplomas of nr'certi- various timeFull thisIntheseor the'cantonsgiving termposts. refersthem Matriculation ofcomplete to Vaud the and grouptraining fee..NeuchAtel of for Vari- subjectcialiston spe- saroolaof tranceschooling.15compulsory and have completion en-Several examination , schools mechanics,schoolstricity,the town'of composed woodwork,electricity, Lausanne of: automobiletrades (7 radio-elec= sections: school engi- of able 4. lisesTheding).neering,corators,(3 trades sections:in Trade machinemechanics school photography,and window tools,craft ofand Yverdon dressers electricity.schoolsmithy ceramics). specia-and wel- and de- of Vevey SWITZERLAND 4 79 Type of Education Length of Study _ Entrance Certificate Full/ Other Information 0 E C 0 ClassificationType 'of Years of or Institution . (in years) Requirements . Part Time . . , , Education Study (9) (1) (2) .(3) (4) (5) making,theThety in Jouxschoolvocational Sainte-Croix.precision valley of mechanics andtechnicalspecialisedmechanics and and inelectrici-school elec-clock of (6) (7) . surMarcelin-sur-MorgesThegirlstricity. Moudon.cantonal in LausanneThe schoolsvocational training andof agricultureschoolFrange-Verney dressmakers. for of fessionale12.1.5.Scuola femme- pro- forTo beapprenticeship 14 years old .., ficateProficiency - vocation- certi- timeFull oneThereSchool in areofLugano, cheese-making.2 such the schools other in BellinzonaTicino secondaryTechnical -nile Ticino 1 -3 oldcourse);course for (preparatory others 15 years certificateal or commercial andBothtiercourses commerce are training communalin domestic in schools dress-making, science providing and cookingfur- (b) 10-11/' 12 ' menagerefessionnelle12.1.6.Ecole (vocation- et pro- II timeFull invisiblecomplementaryof_This apprentices school mending, contributes classes in "textiles"milliners, (dressmakers, to the throughlaunder- training 11 -scienceal Geneva and domesticschool) , " ing)and apprentice home-helps. undBerufsschulen12.1.7.Gewerbliche kaufmgnnische andpulsoryCompletiOn be an schooling appren- of com- admissionofCertificates, which secureto cer- some timePart Thisschools is the inand name the complementary givenGerman-speaking to vocational vocational cantons 1, 10-11/' 4 thurn,Glarus,den,Luzern,- Zurich, Nidwalden, Basel-Town, Uri,Zug, Bern, Obwal-Solo- 2-5 tice oftain apprenticeship) colleges (end 'variouspart-timeCoursesawardedor in theare basisin evening.run the eitherfor gewerbliche apprenticesCertificates during undthe in kauf-day trades and professions on a - Basel-District or . followingmgnnischeto the length choiceBerufsschulen of is the generally courses. vary accordingopen to The Appenzell-Gewerbeschule Appenzell Rh.Ext., Rh.Int. _ qualifyingapprenticesstudents: him can to obtain exercise a certificate his after 2 or 3 years the - Schaffhausen,Aargau,bunden Thurgau Grau- St.Gallen, / profession.establishmentscertificate securing of higher admission education to is After 4 or 5 years a . . , awarded (for example, technikums). SWITZERLAND 80 Type of Education length of Study Entrance Full/ . 0 EC.O. Classsfication or Institution (I) (in years) (2) Requirements (3) Certificate (4) Part Time (5) Other Information Education Type of Years of Study mentarysionnellesplomentaires12.1.8.Ecoles vocational (Comple- profes- com- . year)naryCompletion cycle or 1st (9thof cycle pri- - timePart craftsincludeThese and complementary theindustry vocational and vocational commercial schools ofschools (6) secondaryTechnical (b) (7) (5) NeuchAtelValais,-schools) Fribourg, Geneva, Vaud, 2-4 (3secondary years) school . 4 contract.pulsoryvocational for schools. all apprentices Attendance under is com- 10-11/1 Trade12.2. schools Craft and - - i'.1 arts12.2.1.Ecole et métiers des . ' pulsoryCompletion schooling of com- proficiencySchool diploma certi- or timeFull In several cantons the crafts and 11 - Geneva, Fribourg 3-4 apprenticeship)ficate (end of- Ok, time_Partand VerytechnicumtoTechnicumtrade aoften group school the or (Fribourg)of technical iscraftsschools part and ofor includingcollege thetradeit mayCantonal (Geneva,school referthe 10-12/1 3 ' offorcovers clock example full-time and thewatch school vocational making, of mechanics,of schools trade as in 3 ticeship.nicsdesignerradlo-electrician,anic,bourgGeneva mechanicelectricalleading or the aftertoworkshop mechanic,employment a 4 schoolsyear machine aselectro- ain mech- Fri- appren- -mestieri Ticinotonale12.2.2.Scuola d'arti ecan- 4-5 formfullyandTo haveof becompleted "ginnasio" 15success- years 4th old statocertificateand"Licenza" proficiency di capacitA) of(Atte- schoo] timeFull machineschoolintoIn Bellinzona 4 of designing"schools": electromechanics, the and schoolschool school of is school of mechanicsdivided, of car- " - successfullysaggiore"zaor helddella the scuolaand ""Licen- com- have - ofEntrancepenters. the studies requirements varies andwith the each length course ableVari- :nursepleted (seepreparatory 4.19) . and school. . len12.2.3.Berufsschu- 2-4 onVariable school (dependingchosen) School certificate , PartandtimeFull generaltons,craftsThis isand andtermthe particularly trade Swiss-Germanrefers schools. to allin ZurichInvocational some this equivalent o4 can- 11 ableVari- time ., ,beschuleprovidingrufsschulen"termarefull-timeschools. also Thecovers including"ganztages-Berufsschulen"coursesvocational the tewerblichein the'Kunstgewer- graphicschools. Be- This SWITZERLAND 81 Type of Education or Institution (in Lengthyears) of Study Requirements Entrance Certificate Part Tine Full/ Other Information 0 E C 0 ClassificationEducation Type of Years of Study (1) (2) (3) (4 (S) arts, interior decorations, photo- (6) . . (1) '' (11) . schaftlichegraphy,residentialtextiles goldsmithing, andBerufsschulen" schools painting; withfashion, the courseswhich "hauswirt- weaving ire las- 12.3.Complementary schulen"Alsointing thisthe one (Agricultural "landwirtschaftlichecategory semester (domestic are schools). also science).included Barufs- ticcultureeducation science and - agrdom -s- . d,p',4mentaires12.3.1.F-31es ..-:.:,1e4cul-ure menag;rge.erale s et oT.-rt- 3 shipandpulsoryCompletion no apprgntice- sch2oling of com- timePart Allrequiredterticeship pupils a vocational toandwho attend whodo notschooldo a notentercomplementary ortherefore ancollege appren- en-are taryComplemen-cation edu- - Fribourg A domesticwhogeneralcompulsoryrequired have orsciencecompleted toagricultural schooling. attend after primary a 90the school. day periodschool course Girls ofare in licheund12.3.2.Allgemeine landwirtschaft- Fortbildungs- pulsoryCompletion schooling of com- to certificateNo diploma or timePart whoCourses are arenot designed under apprenticeship for boys and gir,2..s nor 11 - Bern,schulen Luzern,Uri,2 semes- foratattend theseboys a andschoolsvocational girls is of oftenschool. 16 and compulsory Attendance17. Their - . Obwalden, SolothUrnters to . aim is to acquaint them with the cul- . Aargau,AppenzellBasel- District, Thurgau Rh.Int., years3-4 , lifetrytural asconsidered heritagewell as someoflikely the aspects cantonto interest of and working coun- . . them. This last point likens them to theypost-schools(e.g. leadschool Luzern)of to further courses.schools education ofIn agriculturesome cantonsproviding - 12.3.3. Landwirt- . . u 1, . Part (Same characteristics as schools of II hauswirtschaftlitheschaftliche und Ottime 12.3.2.) i hausemir-- Appenzellbunden,St.Gallen, Schaff- Rh.Ext Grau- 1-2 . SWITZERLAND .11 F2 Type of Education Length of Study Entrance . O E CO Maw 'cation f or Institution (I) fin years) (2) .( Requirements (3) Certificate Part Time Full/ (5) Other Information EducationType of Years of Study. - Solcthurn-bildungsschuleschaftliche Nidwalden,12.3.4.Hauswirt- Fort- 2-3 .- pulsoryCompletion schooling of corn- (4) timeFull devotedschoolThis15. igThe oftentoa main typedomestic compulsorl part'of domestic science.of the for science girls of (6) course i-s cationComplemen-tary edu- (1) (8) 12.3.5.Nichtberu3- 11 Full 11 --'Glarus,kchule Vilailiche Fortbildungs Zug 4 1 time +13 bildungsschulen",Thisgemeine is another andchools hauswirtschaftlithem term etc.,more describing commonly called Fort- "all- -&chule Obwalden12.3.6.Bauerinnen-Graubunden 1-2 timePart institutions.These are often private schools or 11 agricole12.4.1.Scuoleeducation12.4.Agricultural "Licenza" della Certificate of the Full - Ticino 2months years to3 sionaleavviamentapletedivisionofscuola tipper course maggioreagricolo" orprimary profes- com-"di or school time secondaryTechnical 10-1110 ,d'agriculture12.4.2. Ecole vocationalCompletionor certificatehdld equivalent sectionof pre- cateLeaving certifi- timeFull culture)(School of agri- Neuchatel terssemes-1 or-2 condary,and 1st cycleschool se- 11 7turalagricole Fribourg12.4.3.Institut Institute) (Agricul- 2 maryinationoldyears).Completion school.'Entrance Be (9 16of yearspri- Leaving cate ^ certifi- timeFull managersliftedThe aim agricul'aralists ofetc.) the course is (farmers, to train qua-fa rm It 10-11 I 83 SWITZE AND, --,..,_ D E.0 D. Classification Type of Eduction or Institution a (inLength years) of St,pdy Requirements Entrance Certificate . Part Time Full/ Other Information , Type of Years Study of (I) (2) (3) (4) Full 0) "Vocational training particularly for (6) . Technical Education (1) (8) tercole12.4.4.Ecole school d'hiver of (Win- agri- schoolpletion16 years or of ocomple- d.primary Com- cateLeavin certifi- . time farmers' sons. secondary (b) ) X -agriculture) Fribourg winter 2 agriculturementary school of . %, --- - - I semes-ters . laiterie,(Schoor12.4.5.Ecole de . and16 primary or 18 yearstrai- old School diploma timeFull theTheoretical techniques and of practicalcheese >ild1C i. gses and on 10- of dairying) . 1 year nihg . dairy produce are provid . , - Fribourg winteror 1 . -. semes- , ter II n ticulture12.4.6.Ecole (School d'hor, yearCompletion of compulsory of 9th Ir. . 'Fulltime trainingThis is afor residential various posts school in providinghorti- i _ 10-13 d -of Geneva horticulture) 4 valentschooling,or training equi- s culture. . . d 12.4.7.Landwirt- Completion of 1st " ° Full These schools correspond to agricul- Variable -schaftlicheschule Zurich, Bern 2 educationcycle secondary and be time speakingtural schools agricultural and other-Swiss institutions. French- p- Zug,- Schwyz, Solothurn, Glarus, ter2 win- se- dep$hding16,17,18 yearson cantor old . whereIn the wine.Canton and offruit Valais, growing for instance,represent Basel-District mesters , , / a substantial part of the economy of Gallen,Schaffhausen, Graubunden, St. . offersthe canton, special the coursesagricultural on these school specl- . -"Aargau, ThurgauLandwirtschaft-s12.4.8.Alp- and secondaryCompletion cycle of'lst " timeFull Variantfic branches of above-mentioned of agriculture. school. licheschule '... -. and be at least 17 , . - Obwalden . mesers 2 se- t years of age . _ --______t 12.5.Art education . . . , 12.5.1.Ec e'des Certificates: , Full The aim of the cantonal school of fine ofbeaux-art Fine Arts) (School . time pupilsand applied artistic arts knowLedge,is the increasing and to pre-of - Vaud arts)beaux-arts.(fine 4 examination16.and entrance Fine-arts . teacher.skillpare themas well for asposts the requiringprofession artistic of art 10L13 artstta...1.4A appliques ... 1,.....4-cN 4 Applied arts ' TrainingThe 1st yearin pedagogics is common ofto intendingall pupils. 10-13 SWITZERLAND 84 - Type of Education Length...... of Study Requirements Entrance Certificate Full/ Other tnformation ...... 0.E.0 D Classification or Institution (i) (in years) r, (2) (3) . Pail Time (5) , (6) 1Z----,_ Education Type of (1) Years of Study (8) 13dagogie(pedagogy) 4 Primary teachers ' ,*eneral art (0) art teachers is completed in 4140,..t..1 .__.111.:gliez . . equivalentcertificate or studies teacherspedagogics are seminary trained. where secondary university 12-15 12.5.2.Art schools . 15 years of age and Diplomas from Full - Geneva beaux arts ' .-.1.e Vari- edu:_satroncyclecompletion secondary of 1st various schools .% . time of blishments,Thesefine schoolsarts, formerlyschool group oftogether,3 separate: decorative _este-school secondaryTechnical (b) 4finikarts) . artstitiveter and the training examinationpreparatory college pupilsclass of ande4herart. a compe- enter Af- ablevari- > arts clecoratifs II , shipor thesculptors as various a graphic or ateliers undergo artiste;-fashion trainingan apprentice- painters % designd:ol'e(decorAtive normaleLteacher arts)de 5 'alent'Maturitti" or equi- Art teachers Theinteriorler,signer, training working potter,collegedesign. of in preciousenamel art 411131i:O7.7TaFT"-- painter, stones, jewel- de- Higher 14-18 college:raining art diploMas . atan aadvanced university. coursp,and students enrol university - Zurich,Bernbeschule12.5.3Kunstgewer- Luzern,_ 3-4 1 f1d 1st and cycle completionion. secon-15/16 tranceyears examine- sectinSchool specialist certificate- sub- timeFull interiorartveryThe structureschools,siMilipr design, andtoof thatthphotography,include ese of schools thegraphic Geneva gold is ...... , arts, secondaryTechnical (b) 10-12/1 cseno,r1Pt- . ary education andweavingworking, fine andarts.fashion craftsmansh12_in The-length-6f designing, manual thetextiles 1 J1 , certainspeaking,Intrainedsedcourses some section epartments here.therecantonsvaries chosen. are dependingwhere, ofno Teacherstheart strictly Gewerbe-schools,on speciali- are also 12.5.4Centro sco- 5 years of age and . schools.coursesschulen similar(e.g. town to thoseof Basel) of the provide art lastico -artisticheindustrie Ticino (CSTA) . 2-3 r"seuolaompletion maggiore"ear of "ginnasio" of 4th proficiencySchoolficate diplbma certi- and timeFull .phics,AfterSame decorative typeobtaining of art8,course the fashion diplomaas above etc.). students (gra- . t can attend an advanced course in same 10-11/1 ionale:nd the'avinemento coursee commer profes ' specialist subject. . . . , 1r ' iale" / 4 , --.. r .. . SWITZERLAND 85 Type of Education or institution (inLength years) of Study Requirements Entrance tii 1,,,tdmMe Part Time Full/ Other Information 0 E.0 0 ClhssificationEducation_Type of Years of Study 13. Higher cal education (1) (2) (3) ,11 (5) (6) (I) (8) school)13.1.Ecole(ues superihigher urea tec techni- ical 6 se Relevant profi- gineeringTechnicianstudies)(Higher technical(PTS) in en- timeFull nalThese'coursescertaincate Technikum" schoolscourses incolleges. the areaandsome following also provide Generallyof whichcalled subjectscertifi- lead speaking"canto- to versitynon-uni-Higher - Fribourg- Vaud mes tens 3 ship)ciency(end certificateof apprentice- niquesgineering,are(deneva),techniques offered: mechanics,chemical witharchitecture, nuclear engineering, electrotech- engineering civil en-micro and electronics, electro- 14-1614-16 4 - Geneva seme-8-125-6sters Completioneducationcycl'e'secondary of 1st basedIntonThetechniques thetochoice oncanton.canton a competitiveandobviously of clock Vaud andvaries admissionentrance watch from making.examiis can- 10-14/1510-13/15 11 nation. -13.2.TechniCum Ticino 4-6 andTo behave 15 passedyears oldthe orTechnical technical engineer archi- delsectionsAlso Cantone called Edilizia Ticino". "scuola (building) Thetecnica school superioreand has teni 2 or10-13 I. (J.c.) ginnasioscuolaparatorylent4th(after form school maggiore)or courseof3 equiva- yeaEstheor pre- of tect's certificate calbinedCivilethe studiestraining 1stwith(civil year alast which2-yearengineering). of 4 studies. yearstakes period andplace Draughtsmenof Theoiet1-are practi-after com- 10-15, 0, whotrainingnotyearsnicum.certificate hold required for Thean course. draughtsmen apprenticeshiRproficienccourse can to alsocomplete is reducedenrol the in to practicea 4Tech- and they are -cantons)13.A.Technikum Zurich,(Gerban-speaking kern 3 Iproficiencysections):ungenTechnische (technical certifiholdAbteil-ate a("Fdhigkei chosenaccordingCertificatese.g. section:Architekt- to vary 11 appliedThecantonaltechnischecolleges term to "Technikum"is Swiss-Germanschoolssometimes Lehranstalt". run known byatechnical generalthe Theseas cantonal"Hdhere areterm 14-16 -Basel-DistrictLuzern, Schaffhausen Basel -Town, 1 fompletedeugnis") 3 years or ain mh a se- imam e Techniker/ngenieur- H.T.L. onlyuniformconditionsauthorities-but to facilitatethroughout and examinations instruction, thethe mobilitycountry, tend entrance of bqto itbe ompulsoryranceondaryorases. candidatesexamine school in ceptidn mostion who is made En- etc.ChemikerDiploml4i.terTechniker H.T.L. H.T.L. onlytheAlthoughandskilled thecollegecommercial "main" workmen,these in cantonsLuzernareemployees. and cantonal senior forhave example, themcollegesindustria and is SWITZERLIAND , et, Type of Education or Institution Length of Study Requirements Entrance Certificate Full/ Other Information O.E C 0 Clissification (11 . jin years) (2) , .A (3) (4) Part Time (5) I (6) EducationType of (1) Years of Study(W reachedcan prove vocational they have i the Technikum which serves many can-- . ciencygradethe federalequivalentcertificate, profi- to Technikumnametons "Das of Luzern".Zentralschweizerischecentral SwitzerlandVery often hence the the .4, ., theindustrytradesacquired entrance school incan a, sit or andtechniciansections"Technikum" in trades which in schoolengineering areaward divided awardinga certificate (H.T.L.)into profici-technical of examination .. . nikumtionsenc?certlficates. oftenand trades reflect schools the of The various sec- economic needs the Tech- t thetheyof'the cantonal are canton situated, Technikum or district as, offor in St.Imier example, which Technikumschoolmakingwhich hasofand ofprecision aof schoolthe micro-mechanics town. ofmechanics, clockof Bienne and and a or the whic4watch i P 1 ' assemblyhasexplained an "Automobil plant by ofthe,existence "GeneralYechnike" of section the_ )17 3-5 Trades school Eidgenbssisches Full tories.Bienne, which has also 2 truck Motors" in fac- ti o . To (Fachschulen)be 15 years old Fahigkeitszeugnis(Federal pripfici- time pleteofThe"Technikuegenerally 19-20 apprenticeship a theoretical and andrequire give pupils a com technicalSecondary 10-12/1 s school.awarded(Ex.orency certificate incertificate) by Bienne the pre- pupilswithSchaffhausenThetraining. "Technikum"that are oftransferred Winterthuroperates of the into (Zurich) conjunction canton of practical and (b) certificatecision mechanics after examination..end of 1st year after sitting latter at am ' semestersticeshipa complete inof appren-the-8 ' 14. Adult Education. _mechanics)school of precisioA - . -technicums14..1.Abendtechniken du soir- ablevari- ' Certain higher teZhIOZal schOols kin . , Adult \Evening schools) 6 ficateacquiredevening in a courses- subjectsfederal forprof,Jciencyta people t. who have certi- edudation . populairds14.2.Universites (Open . No specific en- full There are severe 'Open ti University) mentstrance require time ralSwitzerland cultural pr . tudtem. Although the al, Ong courses in-gene universities i ' 87 SWITZERLAND Length of . RUM Classification Classification - .T ype of Education m institution Study .... Requdemegs Entrance Certificate Pad Time Full/ Other Information Type of Years of 0) 61) years) (2) 0) (0 . ,(6) (6) Education U) Study 0) . . , of the open universities. is to provide V . . alsocourses provided, lastingwith a enabling "cultural"several participantssemesters bias, are to prepare for advanced courses in . In order to sit Certificate VocationalorfederalistSwisstheir communal spareopen spirit,associationstime.framework. wLthin run a cantonalfurther universities are run in a Adult professionnelles(vocational14.3.Associations asso- nations,one of these candi- exams- . Masters certifi- menttraining leading courses to the for award adults of in.employ-a certi- education - ciations) datespossessiontheir must full:Civic beof in cate vedExaminationficate by the and Department master's regulations ofcertificate. education. must be appro- . . . proficiencyrightstion.fessionficate andMoreover', ofin hold thecern-ques- pro-a . managerhasThesarysigned thecertificate to orabilityto carry totest run andexaminationoutwhether a smallknowledgethe functionthe business iscandidate neces- de- of ercisedthey must their have pro- ex- . (examenIn the advancedde maitrise) vocational candidates examination must 4qkP -a ofafterleastfesslons(certificate) apprenticeships 2completion yearsfor at../2-" and showaccountanthighlydeMandsledge they necessary qualifiedofhave theirIn the charge to professionabilityemployee, fulfil of the andthe ualified(manager, accounting know-highest 15. Higher Educe- _ ficatethefor master's3 years(maitrise) forcerti- department of a large firm etc.) * 15.1.Universities tion . mesters6-8 se- old.At least "Baccalaureat, 18 years . nicalThere areschools 7 universities, and a school 2 ofpolytech- advanced universityHigher degreeformede-cine)(13 1st for e.g.:eignorfederalcantbnal equivalent qualification "maturite" "maturite, for- cityveralsocialhavefieldeach level other acantonstudiesof university education,in establishments isSwitzerland,,Although and Independent economicscould the cantonsnot of in andthemselvesuniver- the whichSe- . GermanySpain:"Reifezeugnis"."Abiturium" &"Bachille- Austria or grantsbybear them. the considerable Thetotal Confederation, running cost therefore,incurred financial aid J ''' . , t- +.France:rato A .-. superior" Baccalau- + 1 sitywhich is is dependent ever-increasing. on the Department Each univer- of SWITZERLAND .4 Type of Education length of - , or Mshtutmn On years) Study Requirements Entrance Certificate , Put Time full/ Other Information 0 E C 0 ClassificationType of Yurs.of (1) (2) Gt.Britain: G.C.E. (3) (4) (5) administration 'and finance but is is) com- Education (0 Study (8) - foruniversityat (plus(2 "advancedBasel). or 32 subjects) yearsstudies level" of hasteaching.matters;pleta.ly its ownindependentthere special is complete characteristicsin academic liberty Although each university in . Italy: "Maturity ". . ,. theytheir are basic all structuredivided into is thefaculties: same and Foreignlentconsideredcountries:Scandinavian "Student-Examen" dodiplomas not equiva-howeve Foreignsciencezarts,exceptiontheology, science, students oflaw, economicsFribourg aremedicine freely andand (with admitted NeuchAtel)social the medicalexaminatipnsitenable the profession- holdersfederal for to 'those ofApproximately theytostudents Swiss hold, universities inqualifications 1/3Swiss of universitiesthe in total asequivalent much number is required of Swiss students. as tc cations.necessarywhotionEntrance do fornot qualifi-candidateshaveexamina- d feesareprimary,withmade Tree,musttheup of secondary exceptionbematriculation foreigners. paid. andof Genevahigher and school wherestudies In most4Cantons In'all canton - --, , educationthere is a(e.g. cantonal Vaud) fund or anfor equivaleni higher 1 controlledgivendentsbody whichlevel.whose byallocates parental Thisthe federalsystem grantsincome oflaw grantstois below on the &tu- is = . ..,. forallocation educational to cantons, grants. orThis subsidies law is . . TheunderSwitzerland university review. are degrees the doctoral awarded degreein . Swissdiplomas.and the German-speaking "licence", as universitieswell As a general rule the as various irtiversitiesAle'reasiSthe,exceptionconfer required inonly thethe beforethe Swiss1stofla doctoral degree preparingfew faculties, ("licence')degree with French-speaking a docto- . . professionsheldrate. for Special a considerable(particularly State examinations number in medicine of are regularquirementsStudentshigherpharmacy, education). students who foodor dowho chemistry, notcan do haveattendnot wish entrancekre-law toand be most ) SWITZERLAND Type of Education or Institution (in years)Length of Study Requirements Entrance Certificate Part Time Full/ Other Information O.E.0 0 ClassiEducation icttionType of Years of Study - NeuchAtel (1) (2) (3) "Licence-and doc- Fulltime,. students(6) can prepare the first pre- Therecourses is ribas ilauditeurso.faculty of medicine but (6) (7) Philosophy4 faculties:LawTheology toratemerce,Diplomaandinency teachingsciences). certificates+ politicsprofici- in com-(arts nariespharmacyparatorythefaculty. faCulties, have examinationand Variousgradually dentistry -Erre-seminary institutes inbeen inmedicine, theadded anascienceof to modernsemi- Science andlawence(commercial sociology faculty) section sci-of andthenomicsFrenchIn zoology.institutes addition andfor commercialforeign toof thephysics, students, 5science faculties chemistry thesection, eco-the Lausanne catestorate"Licence" in + juris-certifi- and doc- - aud) consistsiversity of 4 schopls:of Lausanne the (canton of ArtsMedicineLaw,Theology5 faculties: Certificateprudenceformedicalfaculty). foreign (lawstudies .in stu- pharmacytothedies the school atfiliated arts affiliated chool offaculty, modernhigher toof socialthe totheFrenchcommercial^stu- lawthe schooland faculty,facultyaffiliated political of of science, Science Certificatemedicine).dentscate(arts).French (faculty and studiesCertifi7 diploma of Acid:nee;institute.cluding alsothe policeseveral and institutes criminology in- A pharmacystry,in "Licence"faculty)physics, geology (science chemi-and and doc- Courses are given in French and 4Fribourg( faculties:Theology(Roman Catholic) encyteachipgtorate certificate plus profici- 0 yearLatin.Germancinefaculty examination Therebutwhile ofstudents isTheologythe noinmain facultymedicinecan arecourses prepare givenof in medi-of the1stin the I - ScienceArtsLaw science faculty. , SWITZERLAND . 90 Type of Education Length of Entrance . . 0 E C D. Classification or Institution (11 . (in years) Study Requirements Certificate Part Time Full! Other Information Type of Years of 061eva 0) -0) "Licence" and . 0) ' (5) In addition to the faculties (6) Education cn 4* Study'tk, Science6 faculties: - specialdoctorate diploTas plus -to thefollowing university: institutes interpretor's are affiliated the . sciencesEconomicandArts social - school,institute)education institute (formerlyschool of ofthe thearchitecture, science J.J.Rousseau of and'InstituteMedicineLaw physical (withof sport studies.school of advanced international 1, - theologyof Independenteducation)protestant faculty --, * '' ) i Zurich __..* ,Lizenziat Doktoratand . The faculty of law and politics in- O C7 LawProteTtant6 faculties: and Politics, theology . cludesences,cludes the theeconomic dental faculty institute.and of commercial medicine in-sci- The VeterinaryMddicine nedicipe -. . followingfaculty of sections: philosbphy philosophy, I includes the e O Philosophy III - . . IIhistoryphilology,psychology, includes: of artshistory, pedagogy,mathematics, and music.ethnology, sociology, Philosphy physics, . Berne , : Doktorat or . 16 - chemistry, astronomy etc. . ,Protestant7 faculties: Theology .., - sophyof "licence"law - naturaland philo- (faculty includeTheCoursesfew faculties in a are French,jurisprudence conducted of lawItalian and in section economicsandGerman English. -and ynda a . , kind(onlyCatholicTraditional in oneSwitzerland Theologyof Romanits science) ' Theencessection faculty with of courseseconomicof medicine 6h and journalism. hassocial sci- a dental,' -, MedicineLaw and Economics - . tute,.institute, and a pharmaceutical instl- A. school of pedagogy, training 4e HistoryVeterinary and medicine Philo- li . Aecondaryteachers, has'bean added to , Y Philosophysophy and 1 scieno,es.:1443,dIaln,r7fgillT!gy-caTil Illitn%]*. . . natural, natural science . . l A, ...... - ^1 a. 91 - SWITZERLAND , & . .. 0 Classification 4 Type of Education Length at Study Entrance , Certificate - ' . Full/ Time . Other Information 0.E.0 Type of Years of . or Institution ( 0 . 6n years) Requirements (3) Part (5) . Educ0 eMn ( Study 60, 80) (0 - (6) . Basel .? e Doktorat , . '. GermanCourses but are some mainly courses conducted are gi,yeh in in Thsology5 faculties:Law - . aTheFrench, dentalthe faculty 5.faculties ,Itallan institute. of medicine and mentioned English. also opposite, includes In addition to 1. MedicinePhilosophyHistory and . - generalSwissseveral tropical coursesinstitutes institute in tropicaltncluding providing medicine the naturalPhilosophy15.2.Eidgenossisoh science and 8-8i' "Maturite or equi-"School diploma Full dayTheare includes1edoral affaliated polytechnical11 sections to the university:plus school an opento- universityHigher' e tctiiilkTechnische Uoch- . seme- valent recognised time section viz: architecture, civil fed4raleEcole(Federal polyiechnique Polytech- sters tionby examinationthe or Confedera-entranos , ' forestry,nicaland mechanical studies, agriculture, chemistry,-engineering rural pharmacy,and engi- tech- Zurichalgal school) - . years2-3 , Holdersschool of certificates one of calDoctorate science) (techni- and'phySica,neering and topography, naturalscience, mathematics mill- . " - naturalmathematics science and . ieronautics,followingtheretary science. are townaubjeCts:special and coursescountry metallurgy, inplan- the In addition to these , . .. 'ques.andning, officers meteorology of the and Swiss reactor army techni-are Only aspiring instructora ._ ti . handTheadmitted open to increase courseto the is militarystudentet designed coUae. general**cm one . 4. ,U. - 'knowledgeTherecaltheirand of andor knowledgephilosophyare thetechnical also other coursesof andhand sciences.natural, politics toin increasegymnastics mathemati- s" . . veraityIiatedSeveral,inatitutesand sport teachers. to thetraining E.P.F. secondaryare - viz.direCtly the and fade- affi-uni- r . ral Laboratory of product testing and . gm. . theexperimental laWratOry research of hydraulic in DUbendorf, research . . . , andBirmonsdorf soil studis, (Zurich) the federal etc. Instl- of forestry in tutee . . research' in r 4 rya fi V SWITZERLAND .. -1 _ (-12 Type of Education or Institution Length 'of Study Requirements Entrance Certificate -. Full/ Other InfOrmation f , . 0 ES 0 Classification (11 (in years) (2) , . (3) , (4) . Part 'Time - (51 . . . Education-Type of (7) Years of Study. (e) 15.3. Foole poly- 5-8 . . 0' , . teolir.ig-e fedev.le semes- , "Maturite" or equi- Dip omas ' eng1- Full It is made up of an engineering . lirgher valent ,. de :a.zsanne (F51y- ters neer ng,su veying time , school with 6 sections: civil La.zsanne)-teo;:r...oal :-ohool of - f -- andooctorat in chit cture - neering,electrical mechanical engineering, engineering, physical gaga- Univorsity 1 technics services engineering, chemrcel engineering and . , architecturesurveying and ture.Thosurveying; special and,a schoolmathematicg of arcntec- course . candidates(2 semesters) quilifled is degigned for EPFL for'univeisity . . matriculationfurther their and knowlege enables of them mathematics, to - , - . %physice, meehap.Cs, chamisti-y . . 7.---` " and . :.15.4:Ho:leole .qa11cn fn- seme- 7 valent"Maturity" or equi- School diploma " Thedesigning.. Hig , het'school.of.social and econo., . n .3:.--..alosen-.A.1,-2fti: ..nd sters . , , mic studies comprisei 3 sections: . schoolsohafen of social(Higher 2 School diploma . . u andA) F-cont.my commerce; section: banking; industry; private end trades staaies,and economic St.GallenY . stersseme- nomicDoctorate or admini- im eCo- charteredsocial ipsurances; adcounting. tourist industry; . . - strative sciences B) Administrative sciences: general . ' / , % administration;administration: diplomatic and consular administrationfinandial and fiscal of 4 . r- C) serVicestDiploma in commercial teaching: . _ 1...... q. teaching.top-levelthese courses In poetsaddition prepare an commercialto candidatesthe fdr regular : .! , . basedcourses on thereare'eveninga wide variety of classes cultural . I activities: literatUrt,fine arts, 1 . music, history, p'sycholdgy and . . - medi- transport; t clne . _. A . . - V . . . . I ...... % . . . . a . '! . . r - . . . SWITZERLAND CLASStFICATIO HIGHER EOUCATION BY FIELDS OF STUDY '15 List of university subjects Fields of Study AEC.° Classification Fields of Study 0.E C.D. Classification Theology ChristianRomanProtestant Catholic Catholic Humanities Sciences Training- St.Gallen of 2nd1st cycle secondary teachers Educationuniversity) (non- Law Mathematics4stronomy Pure science II Economic and social sciences Social science ChemistryPhysics II **Medicine Law Law Geology,Mineralogy,Physical paleontologychemistry petrography IfII .DentistryGeneral Medical science BotanyBiologyZoology II Arts VeterinaryTraining &edicineof 1st cycle secondary 4 teachers EducationAgriculture OthersGeographyPharmacyBiochemistry OthersSocialMedical sciences science Psychology,PhilosophyTraining- of 2nd,pedagogy cycle secondary teachers = HumanitiesEducation(non university) Other fields InstituteSchool of architectureorscience of Education EducationArchitecture GermanClassical language philology and literature 11 II II HigherSchool ofinstitute Interpreters of Internationhl studies SocialHumanities science RomanCeEnglish " II 11II PraticalCentre of school Oriental and studiesheminary Humanities II OtherSlavonic languages " and comparative philology II11 Modern French History of Art 4 II OthersMusicologyArcheologyEthnology Others II ti SWITZERLAND PRIMARY AND GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION IN 25 CANTONS . 94 unterstufe(lowerPrimarschule primary derestufePrimarschule AnsprUche ohne beson- ober- oberstufe11-imarschule mittlere unterstufenMittelachulen zum ReifeSchulen mittlerer Schulen die zu einer education) dary(1st cycle secon- education - oycleeducationAnsprUche secondary -(1st General Gymnasium(1st cycle secon- -dory - general(2nd cycle secon- t longMaturitat(2nd type cycle -fQhren leadingsecondary, ZURICH practicd1 classes) modern classes) ,Latin and classes)daryscience education - type)classes, short leavingto 2nd cyclecertificate) secondary 6 years (1-6thkyear)rimarschule , year):3 years 2 years(7-9th . year):3 years (7-9th 3 yeas (10-12th 7 years (7-13th year): ib ,Oberschuleyear)Werkjahr(7-9th (7-8thor year)Realschule(9th + 1 year Sekundarschule undKindergdrtnerinnen-ungs-year):seminarschulen Hortnerinnen- and Frauenbild- MUcichen-including *5 years OberrealschuleGymnasium(9th -13th year): O BERN 4 yearsPrimarschule (1-4th year) Primarschuleyear):5 years (5-9th Sekundarschuleyear):5 years (5-9th Progymnasiumyear):5 years (5-9th ungsschuleyear):2 years Fortbild- (10-11th Gymnasium4 years (10-13th year): LUZERN Primarschule6 years (1-6th year) year):3 years Oberschule (7-9th year):3 years Sekundar- ,(7 -9th year):2 years (10-11th 6 years (6-11th year): optional)(9th year:' typeRealschule(MIttelschule(6-9thschule C) year):4 years Tochterschule Kantonsschule8 yearsKantonsschuleT8chtergymnasium,7Mittelschule years (6-13th (6-12th (type typeyear):(type year): A/B.A C) URI Primarschule6 yearS (1-6th year Primarschule1 year (7th year): year):,3 years-:(7-9th 7and years B) (7-13th year)' SCHWYZ .4 year):28th years(possibility year) Werkschule (7-8th of an Unterrealschule.Sekundarschule; Gymnasium Primarschule6 years (1-6th year) year):2Primarschule years1 year Werkschule (7-8th(7th year): year):Sekundarschule3 years (7-9th Gymnasium8 years5 years (7-14th (7-11thtypestype Cyear):A year):and B SWITZERLAND Primarschule Primarschule ober- PRIMARY AND GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION IN 25 CANTONS Primarschuleoberstufe mittlere . .;1 Mittelschulenunterstufen zum SchulenReife mittlerer MaturitUtSchulen die fUhren zu einer unterstufeeducation)(lower primary darypractical(1stderestufe education cycleAnsprUche ohne classes) secon-beson- - GeneraldaryAnsprUcheclasses)(1st education cycle modern secon- - LatindaryGymnasiumclasses)(1st education andcycle science secon- - type)classes,dary(2Rd cycle- eneral short secon= darycate)tolong(2nd 2ndleaving cycletype cycle - secondary, certifi- leadingsecon- 4. OBWALDEN Primarschule6 years (1-6th year) 2 years (7-8th / Abschlussklassen/Primarschuleyear): or year):RealschuleSekundarschule3 years (7-9th Gymnasium8 years (7-14th year): NIDWALDEN 6 yearsPrimarschule (1-6th year) 2 years (7-8th year):Primarschule or %Jeer): Sekundarschule;Realschule3 years (7-9th Kollegium8 years (7-14th year):,,. GLARUS Abschlussklassen Realvorkurs 7 years (7-13th year):. Primarschule6 years (1-6th year) Abschlussklassenyear):Primarschule31 yearyears (7th (7-9th year):Handwerkerschule,2.Sekundarschule3 yearsyears (7-9th(8-9th Oberrealschule4Gymnasium years (10-13th year): ZUG . 6 years (1-6th year) 1 year (7th year): 3 years (7-9th 3 years (7-9th Gymnasium7 years (7-13th year): , ' Primarschule Abschlussklassenyear):2Primarschule years9th(possibility year) (7-8th of a year):Sekundarschule nasiumMUdchenyear): Untergym- SWITZERLAND 1 1 96 unterstufePrimarschule stufePrimarschule ohne beson- ber-PRIMARY AND GENERAL SECONDARY oberstufePrimarschule mittlere MittelschulenEDUCATION IN 25 CANTONS Schulen mittlerer Schulen die zu biner (lower primaryeducation) practicaldary(1stdere cycleAnsprUcheeducation classes) secon- - classes)Generaldary'education(1stAnsprUche cycle modern secon- - classes)LatindaryGymnasiumunterstufen(1st education andcycle science zumsecon- - type)classes,daryReife(2nd - generalcycle short secon- leaving2ndMaturitatlone(2nd cycle cycle typecertifi seconfUhre -secondary, leading ate)ary to FREIBURG (cycleE;gle6 years primaireinferieur) (1-6th year ): 3 years (7-9thyear): year):4'years (7-10th 8 years (7-14t year): l- e (lower cycle) Ecole_primaire(upper(cycle cycle)superieur) 4 schoolsyearsinferieuresEcoles in secondaires private (3. section7 yearsAcademietion latin(8-14t Ste.0 onigues. oix, tin-gre St.Mic el sec- year): CD tionCollege56 years latin-lanlatin-sci (9-13t1(9-14tst.MicSt.Mic hes. hces.elyear): sec- I year): SOLOTHURN 6 yearnPrimarJchule (1-6th year) Oberschule3 years (7-9th year): 4 years (7-10th year): 8 yearssectionAcademie (6-13th latin St.Cr year):-: ix,. ec. -BASEL-TOWN Sekundarschule r- Bezirksschille GymnasiumOberrealschule5-6 (8/9-13th y ar): p BASEL-DISTRICT PrimarsChule5 years4 (1-5th year) 5 yearsSekundarschule (5-9th year): 6 Realschuleyear): years (5-10th Madchenoberschuleyear):4 years (9-12th Gymnasium8 years (5-12th year): PrimarsOule5 years1(1-5th year) Berufswahlklasse1schule4 yearyears3 years: (9th (6-9th year): year): Sekundar- year):Realschule5 years (6-10th Progymnasiumyear):4 years (6-9th Gymnasium3 years (10-12t year): SCHAFFHAUSEN 5 years (1-5th year) 4 years (6-9th year): 5 years (6-10th- S Primarschule Berufswahlklasse13 yearyears, (9th Oberklassen year Year):Lattd-Realschule3Stadt-Realschuleyear): years (7-9th' KantonsschUle6 years (8-13th ear): SWITZERLAND PRIMARY AND GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION IN 25 CANTONS 97 unterstufe(lowerPrimarschule primary derestufePrimarschule AnsprUcheohne beson-, Ober- An°bePri arschulestufe mittlere ruche (1st GymnasiumunterstufenMittelschulen zum (2ndReifeSchulen cycle mittlerer secon- MaturitatSchulen(2nd cycle die ftlhren zusecondary, einer APPENZELL Outer Rhodes education) practicaldary(1st education cycle classes) secon- - modernecy ucation le secondaryclasses) - General dary(1st(-lasses)Latin educationcycle and secon- science - darytype)classes, - general short longleavingto type2nd cycle-certificate) leading secondary Primarschule6 years (1-6th year) Primarschule2 yearsBerufswahlklasse13 yearyears (9th (7-9th andyear) year): Sekundarschuleyear):3 years (7-9th Kantonsschule6Kantonsschule.7 years(types (8-13th(7-13thA and (typeB) year): C) . APPENZELL Inner Rhodes 6 yearsPrimarschule (1-6th year) 2 years1Primarschule year (7-8th (8th year)year): Sekundarschule;year):A years (7-9th Gymnasium7 years (7-13th year): ST. GALLEN 6 years (1-6th year) 3 years (7-9th Abschlussklasse 3Realschule years (7-9th year): 3 years (7-9th year): year):2 years (10-11th Gymnasium7 years (7-13th (type Ayear): and B) Primarschule Primarschule;year):1Abschlussklasse;Ausgebaute year (9th year):' Sekundarschule;Vorbereitungskurs Progymnasium TalhofTbchterschule . Gymnasium5 years (9-13th(type C) year): GRAUBUNDEN wahlschuleWerk- and Berufs- 7 years (7-13th year): 6 years (1-6th year) 8 Klassen-System: , 3 years (7-9th year): -1. .0 Mittelschule Primarschul . Primarschuleyear):2 years (7-8th and Sekundarschule 9Werkschule Klassen-System:WerkschulePrimarschule;year):3 years-(7-9th AARGAU Primarschule5 years (1-5th year) 4 years (6-9th year):3 years: Primar- Sekundarschule3 years (6-8th year): 4 years (6-9th year:Bezirksschule 2 yearsT8chterschuleyear): (10-11th Kantonsschuleh years (10-13th year): . year)wahlschule1schule year: Berufs- (9th t SWITZERLAND ilv!,i,c; 98 unterstufePrimarschule stufePrimarschule ohne beson- Ober- PRIMARY AND GENERAL SECONDARY oberstufePrimarschule mittlere MittelschulenEDUCATION IN 25 CANTONS Schulen nittlerer Sehulen die zu einer education)(lower primary practicaldary(1stdere education cycleAnsprUche classes) secon: - classes)GeneralJnsprUchedary(1st educationcycle modern secon- - classes)LatindaryGymnasium(1stunte'stufen educationand cycle science secon- zum- type)classes,daryReife(2nd - generalcycle short secon- longleavingtoMaturitdt (2ndtype2nd cycle certificate)- leadingfUhren seconddry,secondary THURGAU Primarschule6 years (1-6th year) 3 years Abschlussklassen-year): '(7 -9th Sekundarschule3 years (7-9th year): year):2 years (10-11th Gymnasium6 years (7-12th,year): TICINO 5 years (1-5th year) schule Tdchterschule Oberrealschule4 -years (9-12th year): Scuola elementare year):3 years (6-8th Scuola3 years maggiore (6-8th year): 5 , year): years (6-10th 3 years (11-13th year): O fessionaled'avviadentodomesticaScuolaand (9th dimaggiore year) oreconomiapro- Scuola - Ginnasio Liceo WAADT/VAUD 5 years (1-5th year) 4 years (6-9th 4 years (6-9th Ecole primaire classesmaireEnseignementyear):(9th - year):1menageres year prt- Collegesyear):6.yearsClasses (4-9thsuperieures secon- science)latinedairesCollegesyear):4 years (sectionset secon-maths-(6-9th generaleGymnasestionsyear):2 years de - (10-11thculturesec- deGymnases2 yearsculture (10-1th(except generale) year):section years)etdaires: languesandentatiotvgenerales sections cycle modernes (2 (4 dlori-years) WALLIS/VALAIS 6 years (1-6th year) year)':3 years (7-9th year):3 years (7-9th 3 years (6-8th 8 years (7-14th year): tionclassesClasses primaires,de promo- sectiondaireEnseignement dugenerale ler degre,secon- -.- condelreEnseignementyear): du ler se- Gymnase6Gymnases years (type(9-14th (types C) year):A and B) I ecoleyear):2 years menagere a- l7 -8th Gymnasesdegre,litteraire section type B , I # 'AO 99 SWITZERLAND PRIMARY AND GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION IN 25 CANTONS f 9 education)unterstufePrimarschule(lower pr,imary -derestufePrimarschule(1st AnsprUche ohnecycle beson- secon-ober- AnsprUcheoberstufePrimarschule(1st cycle mittlere secon- GymnasiumunteretufenMittelschulen(1st cycle zum secon- - ReifoSchulendary(2nd -cycle mittlorergeneral secon- SchulenlongMaturitdt(2nd typo diecycle -fUhronzu loading secondary,einer NEUENBERG/NEUCHATEL practicaldary education) classes) - classes)Generaldary education modern -, classes)Latindary educationand science - type)classes, short leavingto 26d cyclecertificate) secondary Enseignement5 years (1-5th primaire, year). year):Enseignement4 years (6-9th pre- Enseignementyear):3 years (7-9th secon- year):4 yearsdaireEnseignement (6-9thinferieur secon- sec- do Jeunes filles Ecoleyear):3 years superieure (10-12th Gymnases3 years (10-12th year): Classesyear):2professionnel yearstion pre-proles-tenninal.s(8-9thd'adapta- p year):2classesdaire yearsstyle"classes inferieur, modernes (8-9thou "ancien de scientifiquestions classiques of O0CI19 , GENEVA sionnelle transition maire6 yearsEnseignement (cycle ('1-6th infe- pri-year) year):3 yearsEnseignement (7-9th pri- Cycleyear):3 years d'orienta- (7-9th Cycleyear):3 rearstion, d'orienta- sections(7-9th year):divisionEcole3 years menagere, (10-12thsuperi- 6College7 yearsEcole (8-13thdo(7-13thsuperieure Geneve year): do rieur) maire,year):2sectionCyclerieur; years cycle d'orientation oratique;(7-8th supe- Collegeyear):2generaletion, years section moderae(8-9th scientifiquelatine et cure jeunes lilies taiclassesclasse(cycleecole res menagereinferieur), d'adaptationcomplemen- SWITZERLAND TEACHER TRAINING 00bLEGMOF VARIOUS CANTONS Canton Name Length ofCourse (in Years of Study FribourgLuzern,Zug Lehrerseminar Years) 5 9 to 13 ZurichTicinoValais ScuolaEcole magistralenormale 4/5 5 11 9 to 1312/13 to 14 Uri, Glarus, UnterseminarOberseminarUnterseminarLehramtsschule et 4 35 1 10 10to to12 14 9 to 1'i SchaffhausenSolothurnBern, Aargau UnterseminaranstaltLehrerbildungs-Lehrerseminar et 4 10 10to to13 13 C77, (-7 VaudThurgauSchwyz, Graubunden, EcoleLehrerseminarOberseminer normale 45+ 1 10 to 1413 C7, St-Gallen ...schuleteachers)Sekundarlehramts-Lehrerseminar 1st(Training cycle ofsecondary 43 1410 to 1613 13 Basel-DistrictNeuchatel LehrerseminarEcole normale 2 ,12 and 1313 and 14 SWITZERLAND TEACHER'S TRAINING 101 Teachers Place of Training (inLength years) of Study Other Information Nursery schools schoolseminarKinderglirtnerinnentraining teacher's (nursery college) 2-3 years schoolingSpecialcoursesto the school schoolinand a invocationalfor mustsome pre-school becases 18 school. yearsare teachers. required old and Girlstohave have completed compulsorywishing to be admitted attended advanced Scuolabambini)(docenti magistrale casedei - ZugStIn GallenBerne,: 2 years andLuzern, Solothurn: Schwyz,(12/13th year of studies) 2 years (11/11th yeal (9/10th year cf studies) 2 years (10/11thGraubunden y earcourses of studies) last 2 years ,f :,tudies) Primary schools (Geneva1. Universities and town 2-3 years Primary teachers are trained in the Basel-town.- Vaud:Ticino:Aargau: Candidates are required to have a 3 years (10/12th year of studies)3 years (11/1'ith yet! (1 4.1tudits) universities in Geneva end secondary leaving with 2.Lehrerseminarof Basel) variable TrainingAll'theteachingcertificatetraining lasts otherpractice colleges ("maturit6").3 cantonsyears and (Lohrerseminarien) in methods.train Geneva Training their and own2is years mainly teachingproviding in concerned staff in teacher both a moreBasel. complete -WasCrO training(Primary college) teacher asgeneral afterageteachers of education4 15or or5 years16, and pupils ofthe training necessaryenter thesit training an examination in college and generally pedagogy. qualifying them At the , the universities Special schools Zurich)bourg,equivalentUniversities Geneva, (Fri- or 2-3 years TeachersStudentsestablishmenteducation.of Fribourg of wishinghandicapped In and ofZurich Genevauniversityto enter suchchildren where thesecourses level. there are training aretrainedare provided "seminaries" in in a colteges must have a private speelal Realschulen,(Sekundarschulen,Secondary schools etc.) (1st cycle St.Galleninsecondarytraining2.1. UniversitiesSpecialthe canton-of 1st teachersschool cycle 2 years andinteachers'secondary thescience universities. certificate.leaving subjects. certificate ("maturite") or a primary The curriculum includesTraining options last in 2arts years and is provided SecondaryLyzeen(Mittelschulen, etc.) schools Gymnasien,(2nd cycle) Univdrsities 4 years a2ndA universitytrainingawardexamination cycle of level.ineither course degree('fisturite")pedagogy- 'After an ofis arts at necessarysitting leastor candidates science Itthe for years leaving teachingdegree.are terminating required certificate at the to secondaryhave completed They then undergo with the SWITZERLAND .t" TEACHER'S TRAINING 102 Teachers Place of Training (in years)Length of Study Other Information and-Other Teachers domestic types inof science hometeaching: management Handarbeits-und Hauswirtschafts-: 1 -2 years Entrance requirements: a 'complete apprenticeship (linen-drapery, sewing, collegesteachersectionsor lehrerinnenspecialised training of seminar courseanddresstrainingIn the Basel, making).on cantonal completion course the"Frauenfachschule"provides Training teacher at ofthe which intrainingend teaching ofthere which college ismethods anan examinationexaminationprovides a 2 year specialised last 1 or 2 years," ais hold 1 year 1 -yooational teachers Gewerbelehren holdandVocationalteaching,practice havean advanced several teachers federalyears andmust ofmethods. degree havepractical completed (maitrise), experience: their but apprenticeship allthey candidates may on - Art, music, singingteachers School of Fine Art aare teacher required training to have college undergone or a trainingvocational in school.pedagogy t in either - University University varybeteachingThere distinguished:from are cantonstaff. several toThe canton.categories requirement's The infollowing the and classification criteria general of categories recruitment of university ft may invitationgeneralauthoritiesfullFull timetable.professors recruitment and on therethe Theycarry recommendation procedure isare out tt generally basiccompulsory is teachingthat of appointed theof "habilitation"university age limit of 70. Professors duties which represent a by the cantonal senate. or direct The appointedeveryExtraordinarytimeof retirementuniversity between by the their ageprofessorsNationalthere arepersonal are generally Peseatch alsocarry research associate outnominated either Foundation and who anddivide teaching their duties. professorsemeritus whoprofessors. are In Lecturerssamesubject.isdo renewable.criterianot Theyrepresentare appointedasare full appointed a completeprofessors for ain definite timetablethe but for period. a period of 4 same way and according to theor teach their specialist basic teaching duties which years which fortotheirJunior "Lecteurs" replacea definiteappointment Lecturers'are a professorcarry period is out renewable.appointedof inpractical time. charge for ofteaching apractical definite duties and This appointmentTheir mainis renewable. duty is to assist or work.period of time and are appointed it 1-Zt ,Y;fr 'SWITZERLAND Length of TEACHER'S TRAINING 103 Teachers Place of Training (in years) Study professorsAssistants inassist the preparationfull professors, of thoix wperitus teaching professors duties andor associatein their Other Information r. optionalbypersonal "habilitation"."Privetthe profespor researchcourses docents" inunder work.The Thespecialised "privat whomtitle they "privatdocents" subjects. work. docent" are entitled is conferred to give after students the The task they carry out is allocated to them They are appointed for a Federal poly*hnical school University main,byThelimited "privat-docents"the teaching thegovernment. period, same staff as which thoseincludesand isassistants. required subject Dull andforto renewalemeritusthe universities. by professors, the faculty lectlfrors, board. Recruitment requirements and criteria ere, in tho The teaching staff are appointed BIBLIOGRAPHY - Archly fUr das schweizerische Unterrichtswesen - Statistique scolairedesetDr.Eugen suissed'education, Bundesherausgegeben Egger,1967/68 GeneveGeneva et 1968/69 1969 1967von etder 1970. Konferenz der kantonalen -Erziehungsdirektoren JahrgangCentre d'Information 51/52, 1965/66 en Mitmatire UnterstUtzung d'enseignement - Redaktion: - BureauAnnuaireLes ecoles federal des superieures universites de Statistique:1966 technioues etet hautessuivants) Enseignement de4Coles Suisse suisses, (extracts 1966/67, des atrich - Impr. La Sirene, Geneve annuaires statistioues de la Suisse; --.Enseignement Les carrieres secondairede del'enseignement l'enseignement geneyois secondaire secondaire - information destinees - Geneve - presentation des 4coles, 1969 aux etudiants - Direction - L'enseighementLes probnmes de' en l'universiteSuisseCanton - Prode deBerneHelvetia Berne - 1965 -- RapportService deInformation is Direction at de Presse, oetobre 1968 l'Instruction publique du - Schoolsc_d Survey insystems: Fuof rope,Education, a Guidevol. I - UNESCO, PartCouncil A, 4Walter,Schultze,for volumes, Cultural Paris Co-operation, Verlag J. Beltz,*1968 Council of Europe - Strasbourg 1965 - DevelopmentStudyTraining on Teachers/Etudeand of Functions Higher Education ofsur Technicians les -Enseignants: 1950-1967 - Switzerland Suisse, OECDYugoslavia, 1968 - Statistical Survey, OECD 1967 OECD 1968 - quantitative trends in Teaching Staff in Higher Education, 0019A OECD 1971 OECD SALES AGENTS DEPOSITAIRES DES PUBLICATIONS DE 'L'OCDE

ARGENTINA - ARGENTINE JAPAN UPON Cart, Hirsch S R L OECD Publications Centre rio,,a. 165 BUENOS AIRES AttaAka,P,earkka Budding, It 33 1717.1391 V 30-7122 Minat4u AST! ALIA - AUSTRALIE TOKYO 107 It 514.1016 International B C N Library Suppliers Ply Ltd , Maruzen Company Ltd 165 Sam 5,, South MELBOURNE Vic 3105 6 TOIS NOChOffIt Nihonbashi TOKYO 103, !S 69 7401 P 0 B 5050 Tokyo International 100.31 431 ',owner Road BROOKVALE NSW 2100 It 272 7211 * 931 2247 LEBANON - LIBAN ALSTR1A - A UTR1CHE Docurnenta Scienufica/Rodoco Gerald end COGraben 31. WIEN 1 . Edison Building, Bho Street * 52 22 35 P 0 Box 5641BEIRUT It 354429 - 344425 EEGIUM - BELGIQUE THE NETHERLANDS - PAYSIAS Librarrie des Sciences W P Van Stockum Courdenberg 76.711 B 1000 BRUXELLES I e 11iiiienhof 16 DEN HAAG *010-65 41 OA Itt 512 -0560 NEW ZEALAND - NOUVELI E-ZELANDE BRAZIL - BRESIL The Publications Officer Moor lou S ARua Gum pi 51$ Government Printing Office Clow Postal 2409005019 SAO PAULO 10 Mulgra or Street (Private Rau *2564746;262 1409 WELLINGTON. *46807 Rua Senador Denies 19 si105 4RIO DE and Government Bookshops at JANE/10 GBIt 23247 32 AUCKLAND ft 0 1 33441 '*329I9 CANADA CHRISTCHURCH (POP 17211 *50 331 Intormatwn Canada HAMILTON (1. 0 B 1571It 10 103 Stater OTTAWA KIA 0S9 DUNEDIN fr 0 I11041 9S 11 204 * (613) 192 9731 NORWAY - NORVEGE DENMARK DANEMARK Johan Grundt Tamils's lokhandei. Munkmards. Boghandel Karl Johansgate 41/43, OSLO I *02-331910 Niarregade 4 1165 KOBENHAVN K PAKISTAN 21' (019 12 49 70 Mirza look Agency 65 Shahrah QuaidEA:am FINLAND - FINLANDE LAHORE 3*66139 Akateeminen Kirokauppa PHILIPPINES Keskuskatu ICOICO HELSINKI 10 'S 625 901 R M Garcia Publishing House FRANCE 903 Quezon Clod Eat , QUEZON CITY. Bureau des Publications de I OCDE PO box MO.- M ANIL A It 91 93 47 2 1. Andre .Esscal.75775 PARIS CEDEX 16 PORTUGAL a 524 II 47 1.1.faIll Portugal. Principaux correspondents . - Rua do Como 7071" LISBOA 2 *360512,7 Librairse 13602 AIX-ENPROVENCE SPAIN ESPAGNE 1 Univerute VS 24 It 01 Libreni Munch Prenta 310:0 GRENOBLE IArthaud 17 25 It '5275 46 55 11 09 26 Castello 37 MADRID I 31000 TOULOUSE Prival Libreria Ilastinos GERMANY ALLEM'AGNE relay°. 32 BARCELONA I *2220600 SWEDEN - SUEDE il3"11010WHIATIchlaG'31'6.11N cue, lunlfernsnn9 21 Fritz. Kunil, Hovbokhandef, . a 04045-62400 Fredsgatan 2 11152 STOCKHOLM 16 GREECE - GRECE *01/23 $900 Librairic Kauffmann 21 rue do Stade. SWITZERLAND - SUISSE ATHENES 132 .* 322 21 10 Libraine Payot, 6 rue Grrnus 1211 GEiVEVE II HON GKONG *022 31 19 50 Government InformationStIVICCS, TAIWAN Wes of Pubhcations Office Books and Scientific Supplies SCIVICCS, Ltd IA Garden Road. P 0 II03 TAIPEI H252281-4 ICELAND - 1SLANDE TURKEY - TURQUIE h f L ibrairic Hachette Snacbsorn arisson and Co 464 Istalal Caddcs, Hafnarstrseti 4 and 9 P 0 111131, *44 94 70 *13133/14211/11936 Illeyoglu ISTANBUL REYKJAVIK et 14E Zly a Gok alp Cadele"i INDIA - INDE ANKARA *12 10 10 Oxford Book and Stationery Co It 47311 UNITED KINGDOM - ROYAUME-UNI NEW DELHI Sandia House H MStationery officeP 0 B549 LONDON CALCUTTA 17 Park Street 24033 SE1 9 NH, *01 921 6977 Eat 450 IRELAND - IRLANDE Of Eason and Son 40 Lower 0 Connell Street 49 High Holborn P 0 1142 DUBLIN I *01 41161 LONDONWS I V OHS (personal callers) ISRAEL Branches at EDINIURGH,r BIRMINGHAM. Emanuel Brown BRISTOL MANCHESTER CARDIFF. 35 Allenby Road, TEL AVIV. * 5 1049 /54012 BELFAST also at U NITED STATES OF AMERICA 1. Worn:ion Hainalka Street, JERUSALEM OFCD Publications Center, Suite 1207, It/34807 1750 Pennsylvania Ave N W 44 Nahlath leroarnin Street. TEL AVIV WASHINGTON! D C 10006 *(102119t 1755 It' 33276 VENEZUELA ITALY - ITALIE Libreria del Este, Avila F Wanda 52. Libreria Commissionar,a Sansom Eddicio Galipin, Aptdo 60 337, CARACAS 104 Via Lamarmora 45, 50121 FIRENZEIt 579751 *365013 It 32 23 01133 26 04,33 24 73 Vu Ilartolini29 20155 MIL'ANO YUGOSLAVIA - YOUGOSLAVIE Sous dePosilarres Editrice c Libreria Herder Jugoslorenska Knpga Teraziic17,P O 1136.- Piazza Montecitono 120. 00116 ROMA BEOGRAD *621992 a 674629 Libreria Horepli,Via Hoepli 510121 MILANO *165446 Libreria LasesVia Garibaldi 3, 10122 TORINO *519274. La diffusions dells edizioni OCDE c inoltre assici rata dalle m,ghor, librene nelle clot 90 important,

Les commandos provenam de pays ou I OCDE n a pas encore designs dc depoutairr peuvent etre ad resign a OCDE Bureau des Publications2 rue AndrePascal, 75775 Paris CEDEX 16 Orders and inquiries from countries where sales agents have not yet been appointed maybe sent to OECD, Publications Office. 2 rue Andre Pascal 75775 Pans CEDEX t4

OECD PUBLICATIONS, 2, rue Andre-Pascal, 75775 ParisCedex 16 14r;30.945 1975 PRINTED IN FRANCE

00105