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Autographa Gamma
1 Table of Contents Table of Contents Authors, Reviewers, Draft Log 4 Introduction to the Reference 6 Soybean Background 11 Arthropods 14 Primary Pests of Soybean (Full Pest Datasheet) 14 Adoretus sinicus ............................................................................................................. 14 Autographa gamma ....................................................................................................... 26 Chrysodeixis chalcites ................................................................................................... 36 Cydia fabivora ................................................................................................................. 49 Diabrotica speciosa ........................................................................................................ 55 Helicoverpa armigera..................................................................................................... 65 Leguminivora glycinivorella .......................................................................................... 80 Mamestra brassicae....................................................................................................... 85 Spodoptera littoralis ....................................................................................................... 94 Spodoptera litura .......................................................................................................... 106 Secondary Pests of Soybean (Truncated Pest Datasheet) 118 Adoxophyes orana ...................................................................................................... -
Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Melilotus Officinalis- a Review
IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy (e)-ISSN: 2250-3013, (p)-ISSN: 2319-4219 Volume 10, Issue 1 Series. I (January 2020), PP. 26-36 www.iosrphr.org Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Melilotus Officinalis- A Review Ali Esmail Al-Snafi Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Thi qar University, Iraq. Received 14 January 2020; Accepted 30 January 2020 Abstract: Melilotus officinalis contained coumarins, melilotin, phenolic acids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, volatile oils, fats, triterpenes, carbohydrates, sugar, anthraquinone glycosides, mucilage, tannin, bis hydroxycoumarin, choline, alcohols, uric acid and many other chemical groups. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, neural, protective, sedative, anxiolytic, smooth muscle relaxant, hypotensive and manyother pharmacological effects. The current review highlighted the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Melilotus officinalis. Keywords: chemical constituents, pharmacology, Melilotus officinalis. I. INTRODUCTION: In the last few decades there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine. It is getting popularized in developing and developed countries owing to its natural origin and lesser side effects. Plants generally produce many secondary metabolites which are bio-synthetically derived from primary metabolites and constitute an important source of chemicals which are used as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, flavours, fragrances, colours, biopesticides and food additives(1-35). The phytochemical analysis showed -
Eriogonum Visheri A
Eriogonum visheri A. Nelson (Visher’s buckwheat): A Technical Conservation Assessment Prepared for the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Species Conservation Project December 18, 2006 Juanita A. R. Ladyman, Ph.D. JnJ Associates LLC 6760 S. Kit Carson Cir E. Centennial, CO 80122 Peer Review Administered by Center for Plant Conservation Ladyman, J.A.R. (2006, December 18). Eriogonum visheri A. Nelson (Visher’s buckwheat): a technical conservation assessment. [Online]. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/ projects/scp/assessments/eriogonumvisheri.pdf [date of access]. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The time spent and help given by all the people and institutions listed in the reference section are gratefully acknowledged. I would also like to thank the North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department, in particular Christine Dirk, and the South Dakota Natural Heritage Program, in particular David Ode, for their generosity in making their records, reports, and photographs available. I thank the Montana Natural Heritage Program, particularly Martin Miller, Mark Gabel of the Black Hills University Herbarium, Robert Tatina of the Dakota Wesleyan University, Christine Niezgoda of the Field Museum of Natural History, Carrie Kiel Academy of Natural Sciences, Dave Dyer of the University of Montana Herbarium, Caleb Morse of the R.L. McGregor Herbarium, Robert Kaul of the C. E. Bessey Herbarium, John La Duke of the University of North Dakota Herbarium, Joe Washington of the Dakota National Grasslands, and Doug Sargent of the Buffalo Gap National Grasslands - Region 2, for the information they provided. I also appreciate the access to files and assistance given to me by Andrew Kratz, Region 2 USDA Forest Service, and Chuck Davis, U.S. -
Melilotus Alba Global Invasive Species Database (GISD)
FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Melilotus alba Melilotus alba System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Plantae Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Common name nostrzyk bialy (Polish), white melilot (English), honey clover (English), meliloto-branco (Portuguese), hierba orejera (Spanish), donnik belyi (Russian), Weißer steinklee (German), mielga (Spanish), hubam clover (English), hubam (English), white sweetclover (English), melilot blanc (Catalan, France), Bokharaklee (German), heuin jeon dong ssa ri (Korean), bai hua cao mu xi (Chinese), hvit steinkløver (Norwegian), mielcón (Spanish), trébol de olor blanco (Spanish, Argentina, Mexico), trébol oloroso (Spanish), Vit sötväppling (Swedish), valkomesikkä (Finnish), melilot (English), white millet (English), tree clover (English), meliloto blanco (Spanish), honey-lotus (English), bokhara-clover (English, Australia, New Zealand), meliloto bianco (Italian), Shirobana shinagawa hagi (Japanese), Melilotos (Greek), Weisser honigklee (German), mélilot blanc (French), almengó blanc (Catalan, Spain), fehér somkóró (Hungarian), hvid stenkløver (Dutch) Synonym Melilotus albus , Medik Melilotus albus , var. annuus H.S. Coe Melilotus leucanthus , W.D.J. Koch ex DC. Melilotus officinalis , subsp. albus (Medik.) H. Ohashi and Tateishi Melilotus alba , Desr. Melilotus alba , L. Similar species Melilotus officinales Summary Native to Asia, Europe, and northern Africa, Melilotus alba (commonly known as white sweet clover) was introduced to the United States and first recorded in 1739. view this species on IUCN Red List Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) 2021. Species profile Melilotus alba. Pag. 1 Available from: http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=1170 [Accessed 05 October 2021] FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Melilotus alba Species Description Melilotus alba is a biennial herb with pea-like flowers attached to small stalks of elongated stems (Cole, 1990). -
Soybean Dwarf Virus (Sbdv) Soybean Dwarf Virus (Sbdv) Is an Aphid-Vectored Luteovirus Which Causes Widespread Economic
2013 Wisconsin Crop Disease Survey Results Adrian Barta,1 Anette Phibbs and Sue Lueloff 2 Phytophthora sansomeana Continuing survey work for soybean seedling root rots again yielded Phytophthora sansomeana along with the endemic Phytopthora sojae. P. sansomeana was first detected in Wisconsin in 2012; results from the 2013 survey of soybean plants dug from 51 randomly-selected soybean fields found four fields to be positive. Fields were sampled between June 17 and July 18. The organism was also isolated from corn plants collected in one field which tested positive for P. sansomeana in 2012. While the significance, pathogenicity and environmental requirements of P. sansomeana remain under investigation, it is the apparent host range that raises concern about this organism. With both corn and soybeans being susceptible to infection (though the development of disease on corn has not been documented in Wisconsin to date), the potential for increases in inoculum is significant, given the widespread use of corn/soybean rotations. Soybean Dwarf Virus (SbDV) Soybean Dwarf Virus (SbDV) is an aphid-vectored luteovirus which causes widespread economic 15 Soybean Dwarf Virus (SbDV) 2003-2013 Percent positive 9.9 9.3 10 7.7 6.7 4.3 5 3.2 3.1 3.7 1.7 1.7 1.4 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 1 WI DATCP Pest Survey Program, [email protected] 2 WI DATCP Plant Industry Bureau Laboratory damage in Japan. The first reported detection of SbDV in the United States was made in California in 1983 from clover, the first report on soybeans came from Virginia in 2000, and the first find on soybeans in Wisconsin was made in 2003. -
Aphid Vectors Impose a Major Bottleneck on Soybean Dwarf Virus Populations for Horizontal Transmission in Soybean Bin Tian1,2* , Frederick E
Tian et al. Phytopathology Research (2019) 1:29 https://doi.org/10.1186/s42483-019-0037-3 Phytopathology Research RESEARCH Open Access Aphid vectors impose a major bottleneck on Soybean dwarf virus populations for horizontal transmission in soybean Bin Tian1,2* , Frederick E. Gildow1, Andrew L. Stone3, Diana J. Sherman3, Vernon D. Damsteegt3,4 and William L. Schneider3,4* Abstract Many RNA viruses have genetically diverse populations in a single host. Important biological characteristics may be related to the levels of diversity, including adaptability, host specificity, and host range. Shifting the virus between hosts might result in a change in the levels of diversity associated with the new host. The level of genetic diversity for these viruses is related to host, vector and virus interactions, and understanding these interactions may facilitate the prediction and prevention of emerging viral diseases. It is known that luteoviruses have a very specific interaction with aphid vectors. Previous studies suggested that there may be a tradeoff effect between the viral adaptation and aphid transmission when Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) was transmitted into new plant hosts by aphid vectors. In this study, virus titers in different aphid vectors and the levels of population diversity of SbDV in different plant hosts were examined during multiple sequential aphid transmission assays. The diversity of SbDV populations revealed biases for particular types of substitutions and for regions of the genome that may incur mutations among different hosts. Our results suggest that the selection on SbDV in soybean was probably leading to reduced efficiency of virus recognition in the aphid which would inhibit movement of SbDV through vector tissues known to regulate the specificity relationship between aphid and virus in many systems. -
Flora-Lab-Manual.Pdf
LabLab MManualanual ttoo tthehe Jane Mygatt Juliana Medeiros Flora of New Mexico Lab Manual to the Flora of New Mexico Jane Mygatt Juliana Medeiros University of New Mexico Herbarium Museum of Southwestern Biology MSC03 2020 1 University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA 87131-0001 October 2009 Contents page Introduction VI Acknowledgments VI Seed Plant Phylogeny 1 Timeline for the Evolution of Seed Plants 2 Non-fl owering Seed Plants 3 Order Gnetales Ephedraceae 4 Order (ungrouped) The Conifers Cupressaceae 5 Pinaceae 8 Field Trips 13 Sandia Crest 14 Las Huertas Canyon 20 Sevilleta 24 West Mesa 30 Rio Grande Bosque 34 Flowering Seed Plants- The Monocots 40 Order Alistmatales Lemnaceae 41 Order Asparagales Iridaceae 42 Orchidaceae 43 Order Commelinales Commelinaceae 45 Order Liliales Liliaceae 46 Order Poales Cyperaceae 47 Juncaceae 49 Poaceae 50 Typhaceae 53 Flowering Seed Plants- The Eudicots 54 Order (ungrouped) Nymphaeaceae 55 Order Proteales Platanaceae 56 Order Ranunculales Berberidaceae 57 Papaveraceae 58 Ranunculaceae 59 III page Core Eudicots 61 Saxifragales Crassulaceae 62 Saxifragaceae 63 Rosids Order Zygophyllales Zygophyllaceae 64 Rosid I Order Cucurbitales Cucurbitaceae 65 Order Fabales Fabaceae 66 Order Fagales Betulaceae 69 Fagaceae 70 Juglandaceae 71 Order Malpighiales Euphorbiaceae 72 Linaceae 73 Salicaceae 74 Violaceae 75 Order Rosales Elaeagnaceae 76 Rosaceae 77 Ulmaceae 81 Rosid II Order Brassicales Brassicaceae 82 Capparaceae 84 Order Geraniales Geraniaceae 85 Order Malvales Malvaceae 86 Order Myrtales Onagraceae -
Yellow Sweetclover Melilotus Officinalis (L.)
MN NWAC Risk Common Name Latin Name (Full USDA Nomenclature) Assessment Worksheet (04-2017) Yellow Sweetclover Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam Original Reviewer: Laura Van Riper Affiliation/Organization: Minnesota Original Review: (07/25/2017) Department of Natural Resources Species Description: • Sweetclover is being evaluated due to its invasiveness in natural areas. • Sweetclover invades and degrades native grasslands by overtopping and shading native sun-loving plants thereby reducing diversity. It grows abundantly on disturbed lands, roadsides and abandoned fields. • Native to Europe it was brought to the U.S. in the late 1600s and still used today as a forage crop and soil enhancer predominantly in the Great Plains and Upper Midwest. It is also popular with bee keepers. • Biennial herbaceous plant. First year plants do not bloom. Second year plants grow 3 - 6' high and are bush-like with yellow flowers. • Similar in appearance to white sweetclover (Melilotus albus). White sweetclover has white flowers. • For more information see the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) sweetclover website or the Wisconsin DNR sweetclover website. Yellow sweetclover photo by Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org Current Regulation: Yellow sweetclover is not currently regulated. 1 NOTE: (Additional supporting information may be added to a box even when the decision tree process bypasses that question. Text used for the Answer box for this non-required text should be BOLD AND ITALIC. Furthermore, whenever text is entered for an answer to a question not required by the risk assessment decision tree process, the outcome box should contain the following statement: This text is provided as additional information not directed through the decision tree process for this particular risk assessment.) Box Question Answer Outcome 1 Is the plant species or genotype Yes. -
Distribution and Occurrence of Eriogonum Visheri A. Nels. on the Medora and Mckenzie Districts, Little Missouri National Grasslands, in North Dakota
University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects 1993 Distribution And Occurrence of Eriogonum Visheri A. Nels. On The Medora And McKenzie Districts, Little Missouri National Grasslands, In North Dakota Staria S. Vanderpool Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Vanderpool, Staria S., "Distribution And Occurrence of Eriogonum Visheri A. Nels. On The Medora And McKenzie Districts, Little Missouri National Grasslands, In North Dakota" (1993). Theses and Dissertations. 2632. https://commons.und.edu/theses/2632 This Independent Study is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE OF ERIOGONUM VISHER! A. NELS. ON THE MEDORA AND McKENZIE DISTRICTS, LITTLE MISSOURI NATIONAL GRASSLANDS, IN NORTH DAKOTA Report to the North Dakota Natural Heritage Program Bismarck, ND Institute for Ecological Studies University of North Dakota Research Report #44 10 December 1993 By Staria S. Vanderpool Institute for Ecological Studies University of North Dakota Vanderpool Page2 INTRODUCTION Eriogonum visheri A. Nels. (Polygonaceae) is a plant species whose distribution in North Dakota is incompletely known. The plant species is listed by North Dakota Heritage Program personnel as a G5/S2S3 [G5 = demonstrably secure globally, although it may be rare; S2 = imperiled in the state (6-20 occurrences) or vulnerable to extirpation; S3 = rare in the state (20+ occurrences)]. -
Vascular Plant Species of the Comanche National Grassland in United States Department Southeastern Colorado of Agriculture
Vascular Plant Species of the Comanche National Grassland in United States Department Southeastern Colorado of Agriculture Forest Service Donald L. Hazlett Rocky Mountain Research Station General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-130 June 2004 Hazlett, Donald L. 2004. Vascular plant species of the Comanche National Grassland in southeast- ern Colorado. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-130. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 36 p. Abstract This checklist has 785 species and 801 taxa (for taxa, the varieties and subspecies are included in the count) in 90 plant families. The most common plant families are the grasses (Poaceae) and the sunflower family (Asteraceae). Of this total, 513 taxa are definitely known to occur on the Comanche National Grassland. The remaining 288 taxa occur in nearby areas of southeastern Colorado and may be discovered on the Comanche National Grassland. The Author Dr. Donald L. Hazlett has worked as an ecologist, botanist, ethnobotanist, and teacher in Latin America and in Colorado. He has specialized in the flora of the eastern plains since 1985. His many years in Latin America prompted him to include Spanish common names in this report, names that are seldom reported in floristic pub- lications. He is also compiling plant folklore stories for Great Plains plants. Since Don is a native of Otero county, this project was of special interest. All Photos by the Author Cover: Purgatoire Canyon, Comanche National Grassland You may order additional copies of this publication by sending your mailing information in label form through one of the following media. -
Melilotus Alba, M. Officinalis
Melilotus alba, M. officinalis INTRODUCTORY DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE BOTANICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS FIRE EFFECTS AND MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS REFERENCES INTRODUCTORY AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION FEIS ABBREVIATION NRCS PLANT CODE COMMON NAMES TAXONOMY SYNONYMS LIFE FORM Photo © Michael Shephard, USDA Forest Service, Photo © Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org Bugwood.org AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION: Gucker, Corey L. 2009. Melilotus alba, M. officinalis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [ 2010, April 16]. FEIS ABBREVIATION: MELALB MELOFF NRCS PLANT CODE [256]: MEOF COMMON NAMES: white sweetclover yellow sweetclover TAXONOMY: Sweetclovers are part of the Melilotus (Fabaceae) genus. While some systematists treat white sweetclover (Melilotus alba) Medik. and yellow sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis) (L.) Lam as distinct species ([116,231], Isely 1990 cited in [48]), others suggest they are not distinct and recognize only one species, Melilotus officinalis ([256], van der Meyden personal communication cited in [268]). Other systematists suggest recognizing both species, since they have been identified as such for over 200 years [268], and Barneby [11] reports that the 2 species are genetically incompatible. This review treats yellow and white sweetclover as individual species. "Sweetclover" is used when citing information common to both species. There are many sweetclover cultivars. Information about cultivars is available in the following references: [219,273,285]. SYNONYMS: For Melilotus alba Medik.: Melilotus albus Desr. ex Lam [117,158,169,282] Melilotus albus Medik [48,151,278,298] LIFE FORM: Forb DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE SPECIES: Melilotus alba, M. -
Checklist of the Vascular Plants of San Diego County 5Th Edition
cHeckliSt of tHe vaScUlaR PlaNtS of SaN DieGo coUNty 5th edition Pinus torreyana subsp. torreyana Downingia concolor var. brevior Thermopsis californica var. semota Pogogyne abramsii Hulsea californica Cylindropuntia fosbergii Dudleya brevifolia Chorizanthe orcuttiana Astragalus deanei by Jon P. Rebman and Michael G. Simpson San Diego Natural History Museum and San Diego State University examples of checklist taxa: SPecieS SPecieS iNfRaSPecieS iNfRaSPecieS NaMe aUtHoR RaNk & NaMe aUtHoR Eriodictyon trichocalyx A. Heller var. lanatum (Brand) Jepson {SD 135251} [E. t. subsp. l. (Brand) Munz] Hairy yerba Santa SyNoNyM SyMBol foR NoN-NATIVE, NATURaliZeD PlaNt *Erodium cicutarium (L.) Aiton {SD 122398} red-Stem Filaree/StorkSbill HeRBaRiUM SPeciMeN coMMoN DocUMeNTATION NaMe SyMBol foR PlaNt Not liSteD iN THE JEPSON MANUAL †Rhus aromatica Aiton var. simplicifolia (Greene) Conquist {SD 118139} Single-leaF SkunkbruSH SyMBol foR StRict eNDeMic TO SaN DieGo coUNty §§Dudleya brevifolia (Moran) Moran {SD 130030} SHort-leaF dudleya [D. blochmaniae (Eastw.) Moran subsp. brevifolia Moran] 1B.1 S1.1 G2t1 ce SyMBol foR NeaR eNDeMic TO SaN DieGo coUNty §Nolina interrata Gentry {SD 79876} deHeSa nolina 1B.1 S2 G2 ce eNviRoNMeNTAL liStiNG SyMBol foR MiSiDeNtifieD PlaNt, Not occURRiNG iN coUNty (Note: this symbol used in appendix 1 only.) ?Cirsium brevistylum Cronq. indian tHiStle i checklist of the vascular plants of san Diego county 5th edition by Jon p. rebman and Michael g. simpson san Diego natural history Museum and san Diego state university publication of: san Diego natural history Museum san Diego, california ii Copyright © 2014 by Jon P. Rebman and Michael G. Simpson Fifth edition 2014. isBn 0-918969-08-5 Copyright © 2006 by Jon P.