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Antigua and Barbuda an Annotated Critical Bibliography
Antigua and Barbuda an annotated critical bibliography by Riva Berleant-Schiller and Susan Lowes, with Milton Benjamin Volume 182 of the World Bibliographical Series 1995 Clio Press ABC Clio, Ltd. (Oxford, England; Santa Barbara, California; Denver, Colorado) Abstract: Antigua and Barbuda, two islands of Leeward Island group in the eastern Caribbean, together make up a single independent state. The union is an uneasy one, for their relationship has always been ambiguous and their differences in history and economy greater than their similarities. Barbuda was forced unwillingly into the union and it is fair to say that Barbudan fears of subordination and exploitation under an Antiguan central government have been realized. Barbuda is a flat, dry limestone island. Its economy was never dominated by plantation agriculture. Instead, its inhabitants raised food and livestock for their own use and for provisioning the Antigua plantations of the island's lessees, the Codrington family. After the end of slavery, Barbudans resisted attempts to introduce commercial agriculture and stock-rearing on the island. They maintained a subsistence and small cash economy based on shifting cultivation, fishing, livestock, and charcoal-making, and carried it out under a commons system that gave equal rights to land to all Barbudans. Antigua, by contrast, was dominated by a sugar plantation economy that persisted after slave emancipation into the twentieth century. Its economy and goals are now shaped by the kind of high-impact tourism development that includes gambling casinos and luxury hotels. The Antiguan government values Barbuda primarily for its sparsely populated lands and comparatively empty beaches. This bibliography is the only comprehensive reference book available for locating information about Antigua and Barbuda. -
From Grassroots to the Airwaves Paying for Political Parties And
FROM GRASSROOTS TO THE AIRWAVES: Paying for Political Parties and Campaigns in the Caribbean OAS Inter-American Forum on Political Parties Editors Steven Griner Daniel Zovatto Published by Organization of American States (OAS) International IDEA Washington, D.C. 2005 © Organization of American States (OAS) © International IDEA First Edition, August, 2005 1,000 copies Washinton, D.C. The opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Organization of American States or the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. Editors: Steven Griner Daniel Zovatto ISBN 0-8270-7856-4 Layout by: Compudiseño - Guatemala, C.A. Printed by: Impresos Nítidos - Guatemala, C.A. September, 2005. Acknowledgements This publication is the result of a joint effort by the Office for the Promotion of Democracy of the Organization of American States, and by International IDEA under the framework of the Inter-American Forum on Political Parties. The Inter-American Forum on Political Parties was established in 2001 to fulfill the mandates of the Inter-American Democratic Charter and the Summit of the Americas related to the strengthening and modernization of political parties. In both instruments, the Heads of State and Government noted with concern the high cost of elections and called for work to be done in this field. This study attempts to address this concern. The overall objective of this study was to provide a comparative analysis of the 34 member states of the OAS, assessing not only the normative framework of political party and campaign financing, but also how legislation is actually put into practice. -
Representation of the People Act (2007, Cap
1 L.R.d. 1991 Representation of the People CAP. 12 CHAPTER 12 REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART I Preliminary SECTION 1. Short Title. 2. Interpretation. 3. Repealed 4. Repealed. 5. Date of casual vacancies and address of writ. PART II House of Assembly Franchise and Registration of Electors QUALIFICATION OF ELECTORS 6. Electors. 7. Qualifications for registration. 8. Disqualification for registration. 9. Right to remain registered. 10. Requirement to register. 11. Provision as to incomplete registration. 12. Registering Officers. 13. Registers of electors. 14. Revised register and register for elections. 15. Repealed. 16. Claims and objections. 17. Revised Register. 18. Special electoral registration period and publication of the preliminary list and the register for elections. 19. Register for elections to be used for any election. THE LAWS OF BARBADOS w,,ti by tic ~ovemment Printer. Bay Street, St. Mi~.=l, by tic wtmrity of the Govanmcnt of BarbPda CAP. 12 Representation of the People L.R.O. 1991 2 SECTION 20. Corrupt and illegal practices list. 21. Foreign service electors. 22. Registration of foreign service electors. 23. Names of foreign service electors to be kept separate from those of other electors. 24. Voting by foreign service electors. 25. Identification cards. 26. Effect of registers. OFFENCES 27. Offences. 28. Offence to omit person entitled from register. 29. Division of each constituency into polling districts. PART III Exercise of House of Assembly Franchise ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS 30. Appointment of, power and duties of Supervisor of Elections. 31. Appointment of returning officer. 32. Appointment of election clerk. 33. Appointment of presiding officer and poll clerks. -
1 Political Party and Campaign Financing In
OAS Unit for the Promotion of Democracy- International IDEA POLITICAL PARTY AND CAMPAIGN FINANCING IN BARBADOS1 Peter W. Wickham Dave Marshall I. INTRODUCTION Research into the culture of political party financing reveals that there are no substantive regulations on political party financing in Barbados, however, the state does provide financial support to political parties through several mechanisms. One major source of funding is through the Parliament (Administration) Act 1989 (CAP. 10). This facility allows parliament to provide an annual subvention of BDS$300,000 which is shared among the political parties having a parliamentary presence. In addition, each constituency is entitled to an office and a stipend of BDS$750, as well as the provision of a constituency assistant attached to each Member of Parliament under the provisions of Section 10 of the Parliament (Administration) Act. Finally there is also a tax-incentive granted to Members of Parliament, which allows them to claim up to 5,000 annually or 10% of their Parliamentary salary (whichever is smaller) in respect of financial contributions to their political party. II. THE NATURE OF PARTY FINANCING Interviews with senior executive officials of both political parties in Barbados, the opposition Democratic Labour Party (DLP) and the ruling Barbados Labour Party (BLP) reveal contrasting fortunes and levels of capacity to sufficiently attract party financing. It must be noted from the outset however, that neither official of either of the two parties interviewed was willing to provide quantitative details or information relating to specific sources of finance outside of that provided through parliamentary means. Moreover it was evident from the interviews that there was a high level of creativity used in fund raising and individual officers in both organisations often pursued independent sources and indirect fund-raising through special and highly personalised relationships. -
Freedom in the World
Barbados Page 1 of 6 Published on Freedom House (https://freedomhouse.org) Home > Barbados Barbados Country: Barbados Year: 2018 Freedom Status: Free Political Rights: 1 Civil Liberties: 1 Aggregate Score: 96 Freedom Rating: 1.0 Overview: Barbados is a democracy that regularly holds competitive elections and upholds civil liberties. Challenges include official corruption and a lack of government transparency, discrimination against the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) population, violent crime, and poverty. Political Rights and Civil Liberties: POLITICAL RIGHTS: 38 / 40 (–2) A. ELECTORAL PROCESS: 12 / 12 A1. Was the current head of government or other chief national authority elected through free and fair elections? 4 / 4 The prime minister, usually the leader of the largest party in parliament, is head of government. The British monarch is head of state, and is represented by a governor general. https://freedomhouse.org/print/49949 9/27/2018 Barbados Page 2 of 6 Freundel Stuart of the DLP was appointed prime minister after the DLP narrowly won the 2013 general elections, which were regarded as competitive and credible. Philip Greaves was sworn in as governor general in July 2017. A2. Were the current national legislative representatives elected through free and fair elections? 4 / 4 Members of the 30-member House of Assembly, the lower house of the bicameral Parliament, are directly elected for five-year terms. The governor general appoints the 21 members of the Senate: 12 on the advice of the prime minister, 2 on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and the remaining 7 at their own discretion. -
CARICOM and the Politics of Migration: Securitisation and the Free Movement of Community Nationals in Barbados
CARICOM and the Politics of Migration: Securitisation and the Free Movement of Community Nationals in Barbados George Christopher Brathwaite B.Sc (Hons.), M.Phil A Thesis Presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Geography, Politics and Sociology Newcastle University Department of Politics June, 2014 i ABSTRACT This thesis seeks to understand how the ‘free movement of CARICOM nationals’ (FMCN) and intra-regional migration have become securitised in Barbados. The key aim of the thesis is to understand the social facts constitutive of the FMCN in Barbados. The thesis presents data on key securitising actors and audiences in Barbados. It analyses how Caribbean Community (CARICOM) migrants are understood to be posing threats and dangers to the Barbadian society and/or state. The processes, interactions, and discursive practices that lead to these conditions of security/insecurity are then examined in more detail. The thesis, on the basis of an instrumental case study of Barbados, advances social constructivism and the Copenhagen School’s concept of securitisation as the most appropriate theoretical framework for gaining an understanding on the FMCN and intra-CARICOM migration dynamics. Primary data are drawn from a selection of methods incorporating elite interviews with key state/institutional leaders and the media. This method is complimented with documentary research in the format of parliamentary debates; government speeches and reports; books and journals; communiqués; and newspaper articles. The thesis engages with critical discourse analysis in order to gain analytical purchase on agency within domestic and international structures. It argues that market forces, material conditions, cultural constraints, and technological forces are crucial indicators for any reading of the securitisations taking place in the transnational and national spaces of CARICOM. -
Historical Dictionary of the Gambia
HDGambiaOFFLITH.qxd 8/7/08 11:32 AM Page 1 AFRICA HISTORY HISTORICAL DICTIONARIES OF AFRICA, NO. 109 HUGHES & FOURTH EDITION PERFECT The Gambia achieved independence from Great Britain on 18 February 1965. Despite its small size and population, it was able to establish itself as a func- tioning parliamentary democracy, a status it retained for nearly 30 years. The Gambia thus avoided the common fate of other African countries, which soon fell under authoritarian single-party rule or experienced military coups. In addi- tion, its enviable political stability, together with modest economic success, enabled it to avoid remaining under British domination or being absorbed by its larger French-speaking neighbor, Senegal. It was also able to defeat an attempted coup d’état in July 1981, but, ironically, when other African states were returning to democratic government, Gambian democracy finally suc- Historical Dictionary of Dictionary Historical cumbed to a military coup on 22 July 1994. Since then, the democracy has not been restored, nor has the military successor government been able to meet the country’s economic and social needs. THE This fourth edition of Historical Dictionary of The Gambia—through its chronology, introductory essay, appendixes, map, bibliography, and hundreds FOURTH EDITION FOURTH of cross-referenced dictionary entries on important people, places, events, institutions, and significant political, economic, social, and cultural aspects— GAMBIA provides an important reference on this burgeoning African country. ARNOLD HUGHES is professor emeritus of African politics and former direc- tor of the Centre of West African Studies at the University of Birmingham, England. He is a leading authority on the political history of The Gambia, vis- iting the country more than 20 times since 1972 and authoring several books and numerous articles on Gambian politics. -
Report of the British Guiana Constitutional Commission 1954
REPORT OF THE BRITISH GUIANA CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSION 1954 (The Robertson Commission Report) Copyright © by GNI Publications, 2003 Editor: Odeen Ishmael This edition is published by GNI Publications. January 2003 36 COLONIAL OFFICE REPORT OF THE BRITISH GUIANA CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSION 1954 Presented by the Secretary of State for the Colonies to Parliament by Command of Her Majesty September 1954 LONDON HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE THREE SHILLINGS NET 37 Cmd. 9274 MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION SIR JAMES ROBERTSON, K.C.M.G., K.B.E. (Chairman). SIR DONALD JACKSON. MR. GEORGE WOODCOCK, C.B.E. MR. R. E. RADFORD, Colonial Office (Secretary). TERMS OF REFERENCE In the light of the circumstances which made it necessary to suspend the Constitution of British Guiana to consider and to recommend what changes are required in it. 38 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION - 5 CHAPTER 1. THE GENERAL BACKGROUND - 10 I. Economic Factors II. Social Factors III. Political Factors ... IV. Conclusion CHAPTER 2. THE WADDINGTON CONSTITUTION - 29 CHAPTER 3. THE ELECTIONS - 33 CHAPTER 4. THE SUSPENSION OF THE CONSTITUTION - 36 I. Introduction II. The P.P.P. and the Constitution III. The Attitudes of Others IV. The Working of the Constitution V. Main Issues which Arose VI. Development of the Crisis CHAPTER 5. THE FUTURE - 74 CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSIONS - 84 CHAPTER 7. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS - 85 ** APPENDIX I - 88 Extracts from P.P.P. Periodical " Thunder " and from Writings and Speeches of P.P.P. Leaders APPENDIX II - 96 List of Communist Literature distributed by the P.P.P.... APPENDIX III - 99 Note on the Arson Plot 39 APPENDIX IV - 101 List of Witnesses APPENDIX V - 109 Itinerary of the Commission APPENDIX VI - 112 Brief Notes on P.P.P. -
RACE and MIGRATION in BARBADOS by Stac
A TREATY DOES NOT MAKE A COMMUNITY: RACE AND MIGRATION IN BARBADOS by Stacey L Cumberbatch A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of George Mason University in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Cultural Studies Committee: Director Program Director Dean, College of Humanities and Social Sciences Date: Fall Semester 2015 George Mason University Fairfax, VA A Treaty Does Not Make a Community: Race and Migration in Barbados A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at George Mason University by Stacey L Cumberbatch Masters of Science University of the West Indies, 1998 Director: Zofia Burr, Professor Dean, Honors College Fall Semester 2015 George Mason University Fairfax, VA This work is licensed under a creative commons attribution-noderivs 3.0 unported license. ii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my family: Bean, Ganelle, Ivan, Stephen and Shawn. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It has been a long journey for me to complete this dissertation, and I have many people to thank for seeing me through this process. I thank all of my committee members for believing in my project, for understanding its importance to the Caribbean, for helping me complete it, and for encouraging me to ask critical questions about my research. I thank my dissertation director Zofia Burr for her guidance and patience and for helping me shape my dissertation into a manageable project. I am deeply grateful to her for demonstrating to me what it means to be a teacher. I thank my committee member Susan Harewood for the detailed and insightful comments she provided. -
The Statesmanls Yearbook 2020
The Statesman’s Yearbook 2020 The Statesman’s Yearbook 2020 The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World Springer Nature Limited Published annually since 1864 The Statesman’s Yearbook 2020 ISBN 978-1-349-95939-6 ISBN 978-1-349-95940-2 (eBook) ISBN 978-1-349-95941-9 (Bundle) https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95940-2 © Springer Nature Limited 2020 The author(s) has/have asserted their right(s) to be identified as the author(s) of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. -
Cavehilluwibrianfrancis.Pdf
Cover features an Ashanti Talking Drum made by Kumasi craftsmen. The drum stands 5 feet 8 inches in the lobby of The UWI, Cave Hill Campus Administration Building. The University of the West Indies Cave Hill Campus, Barbados Departmental Reports 2009–2010 The University of the West Indies MISSION STATEMENT The enduring mission of The University of the West Indies is to propel the economic, social, political and cultural development of West Indian society through teaching, research, innovation, advisory and community services and intellectual leadership. These Reports, which represent the research and teaching activities of the departments and the activities of non-teaching departments at Cave Hill, are presented annually to Campus Council and to the University Council. Reports are similarly presented at Mona and St. Augustine. Contents 4 Faculty of Humanities 104 Faculty of Pure 192 Institute for Gender and & Education & Applied Sciences Development Studies: 5 Dean’s Overview 105 Dean’s Overview Nita Barrow Unit 7 Cultural Studies Department 110 Department of Biological 12 Department of History and Chemical Sciences Non-Teaching Departments & Philosophy 119 Department of Computer 200 Learning Resource Centre 18 Department of Language, Science, Mathematics and 207 The Main Library Physics Linguistics & Literature 214 Office of Student Services 125 Centre for Resource 30 Errol Barrow Centre for 230 UWI HIV/AIDS Response Creative Imagination (EBCCI) Management and Environmental Studies Programme (UWIHARP) 33 School of Education (CERMES) -
Pre-Election Manifesto Part
THE SOCIETY FOR MASS FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY & THE PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC CONGRESS PRE-ELECTION MANIFESTO PART TWO OCTOBER 2006 2006 The Society for Mass Freedom and Democracy / People’s Democratic Congress No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the expressed permission of the copyright owner. Copyright 2006 The Society for Mass Freedom and Democracy/People’s Democratic Congress All Rights Reserved. 2 Part Two TABLE OF CONTENTS Pgs 4 - 11 Fundamental Reform of the Barbados Stock Exchange 12 - 21 The Creation of Partnerships as the ONLY MultiMember Corporate/ Business Entities Possible 21 - 28 A New State Management Entity For Barbados 29 - 45 Some Policies for the Modernization of Outdoor Business( Vending), Agricultural Work, and Domestic Home Help Services in Barbados 45 - 52 Reform of the Public Transportation System 52 - 55 Measures that will certainly Reduce Traffic Congestion on our Roads 55 - 69 The Development of a Modernized School System in Barbados 70 - 75 Some Policies for the Modernization of the Health of the country 75 - 79 Some Policies for the further Development of Media Enterprises in Barbados 80 - 93 Some Policies for the Modernization of Police and other Legal Affairs 93 – 158 Politico-Constitutional Reform for Barbados 158 - 163 Foreign Affairs 164 - 170 Immigration Affairs 170 - 173 Defence Affairs 173 - 175 Some Accomplishments of SMFD since 2002 176 The End of Part Two 3 FUNDAMENTAL REFORM OF THE BARBADOS STOCK EXCHANGE Since its establishment in Barbados in the 80s, the Barbados Stock Exchange (BSE) formerly the Securities Exchange of Barbados) has had very little impact on the broad masses of people of Barbados.