March 2008 Volume 4, Issue 1
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Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site Foundation Document
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Foundation Document Overview Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site Colorado Contact Information For more information about the Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site Foundation Document, contact: [email protected] or (719) 438-5916 or write to: Superintendent, Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site, 910 Wansted, POB 249, Eads, CO 81036-0249 Purpose Significance Significance statements express why Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site resources and values are important enough to merit national park unit designation. Statements of significance describe why an area is important within a global, national, regional, and systemwide context. These statements are linked to the purpose of the park unit, and are supported by data, research, and consensus. Significance statements describe the distinctive nature of the park and inform management decisions, focusing efforts on preserving and protecting the most important resources and values of the park unit. • The site of the Sand Creek Massacre has sacred significance © Dan Esarey to the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes, particularly those tribal members who are descended from victims and survivors of the massacre. The purpose of SAND CREEK MAssACRE • The site is a reminder of the tragic extremes of the 500 years of conflict between American Indians and European NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE is to protect and Americans over land that now comprises the United States. preserve the landscape of the massacre site and interpret the associated • The intense distrust resulting from the Sand Creek cultural values to enhance public Massacre influenced virtually all subsequent conflicts understanding of the massacre and between American Indians and the U.S. -
Sand Creek Massacre NHS L
Park News National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Sand Creek Massacre NHS Summel r, 2004 Site Update and Historical Background Welcome to the second Sand Creek Massacre NHS newsletter. In this issue, Park Ranger Craig Moore continues the historical and biographical sketches of some of the many people who have been in one way or another associated with the Sand Creek Massacre and who connect its legacy to the present day. The Sand Creek staff continues to give many public programs to schools, historical societies, civic organizations, and other grourps. Staff is also researching archives and photo collections, and most importantly, visiting with descendents of those who were there on the Big Sandy Creek on November 29, 1864, recording genealogical information and collecting family photos. One article summarizes the Cheyenne and Arapaho oral history projects that were major components of the Sand Creek Massacre Site Location Study in 1999 and that continue as ongoing efforts among the tribes today. The historical memory passed from one generation to the next provides a deep pool of knowledge that will help guide the National Historic Site’s planning and management efforts as the site becomes established. Currently, together with the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes, other federal, state, and local agencies, and local landowners, the NPS is working with various researchers to understand what the site area looked like in 1864 and how has it changed since then; how to prevent fire and manage it should it occur; how to manage the short grass prairie without cattle for the first time in more than a century; how to make the site accessible to the public after the formal establishment occurs, and many other issues. -
Four Directions Medicine Wheel Envisioned for Us by a Female Elder from the Anishnabe Nation
The Medicine Wheel at the First Nations University of Canada is the Four Directions Medicine Wheel envisioned for us by a female Elder from the Anishnabe Nation. This is but one Medicine Wheel, and since there are many Medicine Wheels, some people may see the wheel differently. For example, there are age Medicine Wheels, tribal Medicine Wheels, wheels for the four sacred plants (cedar, sage, tobacco and sweetgrass), the four seasons, the four aspects of the self (physical, mental, emotional and spiritual), and personal Medicine Wheels. These wheels each have different colours, placements and meanings. The Four Directions Medicine Wheel as shared by a female Elder from the Anishnabe Nation “The Medicine Wheel was placed on Turtle Island by people thousands of years ago. For this Medicine Wheel, I want to honour one of the oldest things we have, which is our four directions. We seek knowledge from those four directions. We get power from those four directions. They pull stuff into our lives. When we call out to them in prayer, they will bring things to us. The four directions came with creation. We didn’t. We were the last thing created. And this is a garden, it’s coming from mother earth, so that’s where the four directions are coming from. When I look at a Four Directions Medicine Wheel, I see yellow in the east, blue in the south, red in the west, white in the north. The sun rises yellow in the east. It’s always going to rise in the east, and it’s always going to set in the west. -
Allegories of Native America in the Fiction of James Purdy
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE MIXEDBLOOD METAPHORS: ALLEGORIES OF NATIVE AMERICA IN THE FICTION OF JAMES PURDY A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By MICHAEL E. SNYDER Norman, Oklahoma 2009 MIXEDBLOOD METAPHORS: ALLEGORIES OF NATIVE AMERICA IN THE FICTION OF JAMES PURDY A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH BY Dr. Timothy Murphy, Chair Dr. Ronald Schleifer Dr. Craig Womack Dr. Rita Keresztesi Dr. Julia Ehrhardt © Copyright by MICHAEL E. SNYDER 2009 All Rights Reserved. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I want to express my gratitude to the following people, without whom I could not have completed this project at all, or in the same way: Profound thanks go to my wife and family for support, inspiration, suggestions, and proofreading help: Lori Anderson Snyder, Mary Lou Anderson, Ivy K. Snyder, Marianna Brown Snyder, E. Eugene Snyder, Christine Hadley Snyder, Timothy D. Snyder, Marci Shore, Philip B. Snyder, and Mary Moore Snyder, in Ohio, Oklahoma, San Diego, and New Haven. Deep thanks for thoughtful conversation, improvisation, edification, guidance, and ideas go to my Chair and mentor, Timothy S. Murphy. A very special debt of gratitude goes to John Uecker of New York City. Special thanks to Dr. Jorma Sjoblom of Ashtabula, Ohio. Special thanks to Parker Sams, of Findlay, Ohio, and the Sams family; and Dorothy Purdy, David Purdy, and Christine Purdy, of Berea, Ohio. Many thanks for much inspiration and education go to Craig S. Womack, currently at Emory University. Special thanks for encouragement and support above and beyond the call of duty go to Julia Ehrhardt in the Honors College at the University of Oklahoma. -
SYMBOLS a B C ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty
©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd entertainment 206-7 travel within 128-9 384 festivals & events 200-1 walking tours 112 food 203-5 Boulder Creek Festival 25, 114 internet access 207 Breckenridge 34, 169-79, 170 medical services 207 accommodations 175-6 shopping 207 activities 172-4 sights 194-5 courses 174-5 tourist information 208 drinking 177-8 travel to/from 208 entertainment 178-9 travel within 208 festivals & events 175 Aspen Music Festival 25, 201 food 176-7 ATMs 373 history 169, 178 shopping 179 SYMBOLS sights 169-72 ‘14ers’ 12, 31, see also mountains B tourist information 179 & peaks Bachelor Loop 285 tours 174-5 internet resources 19 backpacking, see hiking Bailey 220-1 travel to/from 179 Basalt 209-10 travel within 179 A bears 363 Breckenridge Spring Massive 24 accommodations 368-70 Beaver Creek 191-4 brewpubs, see microbreweries activities 31-8, see also individual Buck, Ken 347 activities beer 6, 22, see also microbreweries budget 18 air travel Coors Brewery 96 Buena Vista 217-20 to/from Colorado 375-6 festivals 25-6, 67, 266, 278 Buffalo Bill 96 within Colorado 376 Bennett, Michael 347 bus travel Alamosa 311-13 Bent, Charles 341, 353 to/from Colorado 376 amusement parks Bent, William 341, 353 within Colorado 377 Elitch Gardens 63 Bent’s Old Fort National Historic Site 341 business hours 370 Glenwood Caverns Adventure Park 238 Biber, Stanley 340 Peak 8 Fun Park 173-4 bicycle travel, see cycling & C mountain biking Royal Gorge Bridge & Amusement Cache la Poudre River 151 Big Sweep 61 Park 334 camping 368-9 bighorn sheep -
The Environmental History of Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site
CENTER FOR PUBLIC HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY The Environmental History of Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site Final Draft Elizabeth Michell July 31 2009 An abbreviated version intended as guide for visitors OYL/iJ INTRODUCTION On late spring day visitor stands on slight rise on the banks of Big Sandy Creek from where across Cheyenne chief Black Kettles village once stood whole lot of he nothing comments laconically It is quiet place its peacefulness giving it timeless But quality the visitor is wrong and the timelessness is deceptive You can never visit the past again The Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site is in southeastern fifteen Colorado about miles northeast of the small town of Eads This is high plains country dusty and flat the drab greens of grass and scrub melding into the relentless browns of desiccated vegetation sand and soil The surrounding landscape is crisscrossed dirt by trails and fence lines dotted with windmills outbuildings and stock watering tanks At the site groves of cottonwoods tower along the gently sloping banks of Big Sandy Creek in fact it would be difficult to follow the stream course without the line of trees For most of the year water does not flow and the creek bed is choked with sand sagebrushes and other the site dry prairie species Though is part of shortgrass most of the land is prairie actually sandy bottomland that may eventually become It in Black Kettles tallgrass prairie was dry time and it is still dry evident by how much more sagebrush species there are now -
State of the Park Report: Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior State of the Park Report Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site Colorado 2017 National Park Service. 2017. State of the Park Report for Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site. State of the Park Series No. 51. National Park Service, Washington, DC. On the cover: Sunset at Sand Creek. NPS Photo. Disclaimer. This State of the Park report summarizes the current condition of park resources, visitor experience, and park infrastructure as assessed by a combination of available factual information and the expert opinion and professional judgment of park staff and subject matter experts. The internet version of this report provides the associated workshop summary report and additional details and sources of information about the findings summarized in the report, including references, accounts on the origin and quality of the data, and the methods and analytic approaches used in data collection and assessments of condition. This report provides evaluations of status and trends based on interpretation by NPS scientists and managers of both quantitative and non-quantitative assessments and observations. Future condition ratings may differ from findings in this report as new data and knowledge become available. The park superintendent approved the publication of this report. Executive Summary The mission of the National Park Service is to preserve unimpaired the natural and cultural resources and values of national parks for the enjoyment, education, and inspiration of this and future generations. NPS Management Policies (2006) state that “The Service will also strive to ensure that park resources and values are passed on to future generations in a condition that is as good as, or better than, the conditions that exist today.” As part of the stewardship of national parks for the American people, the NPS has begun to develop State of the Park reports to assess the overall status and trends of each park’s resources. -
Bent's Fort Primary Resource
1 Bent’s Fort: Trade in Transition How did family relationships influence trade relationships on the southern Colorado plains? What role did Bent’s Fort play in the westward expansion of the United States? What does the story of Bent’s Fort suggest about the relationship between trade and war among American Indians and Colorado settlers? By Jennifer Goodland* Standards and Teaching Strategies by: Corey Carlson, Zach Crandall, and Marcus Lee** Paid for by a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Sciences * Jennifer Goodland has a master’s in history from University of Colorado Denver, where she concentrated on history tourism and the American West. She taught history at Metro State in Denver. Goodland runs a history research business called Big Year Colorado. ** Corey Carlson teaches 4th grade at Flatirons Elementary in Boulder, Zach Crandall teaches 8th grade U.S. Society at Southern Hills Middle in Boulder, Marcus Lee teaches and is the chair of the social studies department at George Washington High School in Denver. 2 Contents Standards Addressed Overview Essay Resources Growing the Border 1. The Louisiana Purchase and Missouri Territory 2. Bent and St. Vrain Families 3. Colorado’s Changing Borders 4. Bent’s Fort and the Border 5. Cheyenne Territory Travel and Trade 6. Bent’s Fort Floor Plan 7. Fur Trappers and the Bent, St. Vrain and Company Network 8. Jean-Baptiste Charbonneau 9. Fugitive at Bent’s Fort 10. Mexico Retaliates 11. Battleground: Bent’s Fort 12. Kearny’s March 13. Rebellion in Taos 14. Cut Off 15. Destruction of the Fort 16. -
Indians and Whites: the Sand Creek Massacre
Lesson Plan Primary Sources Lessons 12 – 13 Native American Experience/Compare & Contrast Primary Source Lesson Plan Indians and Whites: The Sand Creek Massacre Name of Primary Source Colorado Standards • The Sand Creek Massacre: Colonel Chivington’s Account, George Bent’s Account, Lieutenant Joseph • Social Studies Standard 1 History: History develops Cremer’s Account, John Smith’s Acclount. moral understanding, defines identity, and creates and appreciation of how things change while building skills http://www.legendsofamerica.com/NA- in judgment and decision making. History enhances SandCreek.html Additional Source – Legends of the ability to read varied sources and develop the America, Native American Legends, The Sand Creek skills to analyze, interpret, and communicate. Massacre. This can be used to provide background • Grade level expectation: Use a variety of sources to information. distinguish historical fact from fiction. • Reading and Writing 1: Read and understand a variety How primary source ties into text of materials • Reading and Writing 3: Write and speak using • Qualifies: The primary sources include four different conventional grammar, usage, sentence structure, accounts of the Sand Creek Massacre by people punctuation, capitalization, and spelling present that day. Big Idea • Elaborates: Each primary source gives a different perspective of the events that took place at the Sand • Literacy - Compare and Contrast different points of Creek Massacre. Three accounts are told from the view. perspective of the white men who were present at the attack. One is told from the Native American • History - students understand that history is a written perspective. The Legends of American source gives an account often based on conflicting evidence. -
This Months KAS Events
Highlights of the February Sky . 2nd. Last Quarter Moon . 5th. February 2005 Aurigid Meteor Shower (5th-10th) This Months KAS Events . 7th. Mars 0.7° N of Lagoon Nebula, M20 and M21 also nearby First Light A Beginners Guide to Telescopes th . 8 . By Richard Bell New Moon 7:00 pm Friday, February 4 .. 15th. Kalamazoo Area Math & Science Center First Quarter Moon Space Robotics .. 16th. Young Astronomers Moon 1.5° S of the Pleiades, 6:30 pm Tuesday, February 15 best in western states Trinity Reformed church .. 23rd. Full Moon Inside this Newsletter. .. 26th. Zodiacal Light visible in W January Meeting Minutes..................................... p. 2 after evening twilight for next 2 weeks Board Meeting Minutes....................................... p. 2 Observations…………………………........... p. 3 .. 27th. NASA Space Place............................................... p. 4 Jupiter 1.9° S of Moon, best in Young Astronomers…………….…................ p. 5 western states The Book Corner……......................................... p. 6 KAS Officers & Announcements...................... p. 7 Membership Form (Renew NOW).................... p. 8 February Sky Calendar…………....................... p. 9 www.kasonline.org February 2005 Page 2 January Meeting Board Meeting Minutes Minutes As appropriate for a frigid January meeting day, Molly and The KAS board met at 4 pm on 1/9/05 at Trinity Reformed Roger Williams gave a presentation on their trip to Ice- Church (326 W. Cork St.). Present were Richard Bell, land in September, 2004. Beverly Byle, Rich Mather, Robert Havira, Frank Sever- ance, Carol Van Dien, Robert Wade, and Roger Williams. Molly started off the presentation by describing the geol- ogy of the region, which is dominated by black lava, gla- After approval of the agenda, the treasurer’s report was ciers, numerous scenic waterfalls (often with associated examined. -
Trails and Aboriginal Land Use in the Northern Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1992 Trails and Aboriginal land use in the northern Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming Steve Platt The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Platt, Steve, "Trails and Aboriginal land use in the northern Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming" (1992). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 3933. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/3933 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maureen and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY Copying allowed as provided under provisions of the Fair Use Section of the U.S. COPYRIGHT LAW, 1976. Any copying for commercial purposes or financial giain may be undertaken only with the author's written consent. MontanaUniversity of TRAILS AND ABORIGINAL LAND USE IN THE NORTHERN BIGHORN MOUNTAINS, WYOMING By Steve Piatt B.A. University of Vermont, 1987 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts University of Montana 19-92 Approved by 4— Chair, Board of Examiners Death, Graduate £>c3Tooi 7 is. rtqz Date UMI Number: EP36285 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. -
Travel Analysis Report
Travel Analysis Report BIGHORN NATIONAL FOREST United States Department of Agriculture Responsible Official: Bill Bass, Forest Supervisor Abstract: This Travel Analysis Report documents a route‐by‐route analysis of all Forest System Roads on the Bighorn National Forest and recommends the minimum Forest Service road system needed for public access and forest management. The project is within the Bighorn National Forest, Wyoming. July 2015 Location: Bighorn National Forest Big Horn, Johnson, Sheridan, and Washakie Counties, Wyoming Portions of Townships 33‐39 North, Ranges 1‐3 East and Ranges 1‐5 West, N.M.P.M. For More Information Contact: Jason Ruybal or Dave McKee Bighorn National Forest 2013 Eastside Second Street Sheridan, WY 82801 307‐674‐2600 [email protected] or [email protected] Version 1.0 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720‐2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250‐9410, or call (800) 795‐3272 (voice) or (202)720‐6382 (TDD).