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FEMISE RESEARCH PROGRAMME A Perspective on the Future Dollar-Euro Exchange Rate: Implications for the Peripheral Mediterranean Countries Simon Neaime Institute of Money and Banking American University of Beirut September 2000 This text has been drafted with financial assistance from the Commission of the European Communities. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and therefore in no way reflect the offical opinion of the Commission A Perspective on the Future Dollar-Euro Exchange Rate: Implications for the Peripheral Mediterranean Countries* Project Coordinator: Simon Neaime Institute of Money and Banking American University of Beirut Email: [email protected] _________________________ *This work has benefited from a financial grant from the Commission of the European Communities within the context of the FEMISE program. The views expressed are those of the beneficiary and therefore in no way reflect the official opinion of the Commission. ABSTRACT There has been considerable interest in recent years in the prospective dollar- euro exchange rate motivated by the launch of the single currency in Europe. This project studies some of the factors that may constitute the main determinants of the dollar-euro exchange rate. In particular, it argues that in the year 2002−when the euro becomes legal tender within the euro area−there will be an appreciation in the value of the euro against the US dollar arising from shifts in demand towards the euro. Such shifts would work through EU trade invoicing, private portfolio diversification inside and outside the euro area, and central banks’ reserves diversification, strengthening the value of the euro against the dollar. -
List of Commercial Banks Maintaining Clearing Accounts with the ECCB
report and statement of accounts for the financial year ended 31 march 2020 i Letter of Transmittal 1 Monetary Stability ii Mission and Vision Statements 4 Financial Sector Stability ii Core Values 13 Fiscal and Debt Sustainability iii Monetary Council 17 Growth, Competitiveness and Employment Table of Contents iv Board of Directors 21 Organisational Effectiveness v Organisational Chart 33 Financial Results vi Management Structure 37 Corporate Governance Framework viii Agency Offices 46 Areas of Focus for 2020-2021 ix Highlights of the Year 53 List of Commercial Banks Maintaining Clearing Accounts with the ECCB xi Governor’s Foreword 54 Independent Auditors’ Report and Financial Statements EASTERNEastern CARIBBEANCaribbean CENTRALCentral BANK Bank 19 June 2020 Sirs In accordance with Article 48(1) of the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank Agreement 1983, I have the honour to transmit herewith the Bank’s Annual Report and Statement of Accounts for the year ended 31 March 2020, duly certified by the External Auditors. I am, Letter of Your Obedient Servant Transmittal Timothy N. J. Antoine GOVERNOR The Honourable Victor F Banks The Honourable Joseph E. Farrell Premier Premier ANGUILLA MONTSERRAT The Honourable Gaston Browne Dr The Honourable Timothy Harris Prime Minister Prime Minister ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA ST CHRISTOPHER (ST KITTS) AND NEVIS The Honourable Roosevelt Skerrit The Honourable Allen Chastanet Prime Minister Prime Minister COMMONWEALTH OF DOMINICA SAINT LUCIA eDr Th Right Honourable Keith Mitchell The Honourable Camillo Gonsalves Prime Minister Minister for Finance GRENADA SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES Tel: (869) 465-2537 • Fax: (869) 465-9562/1051 E-mail: [email protected] • Website: www.eccb-centralbank.org SWIFT: ECCBKN I | EASTERN CARIBBEAN CENTRAL BANK ANNUAL REPORT 2019-2020 Advancing the good of the people of the currency mission union by maintainng monetary and financial stability and Statement promoting growth and development. -
St Lucia 44 St Vincent and the Grenadines 47 Suriname 50 Trinidad and Tobago 52
~ . ' ,....•..•.•.........•....../. , . /": , .. ' ..""", .. " ," , "0" : .... ~ '" .. ~. • .' ': THE' THE· .~.... " . ,'. '....... .. ." .. ·0·• ••... ....••... '. ... .>~..•••........",-, j. ', .. ;;. •••••.•. :••.j.•...••, •.•••.•.••. :.. " " '''', -'... ', . ..'.. .. ...~ ~ European Commission Directorate-General for Development Unit 'Communications, publications and The ACP-EU Courier' rue de la Loi 200, B-1049 Brussels Telephone: 299 30 62 - Fax: 299 25 25 Manuscript completed in December 1994. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1995 © ECSC-EC-EAEC Brussels • Luxembourg, 1995 Reproduction is authorized, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged Printed in Germany CONTENTS _________ ] Introduction 3 The European Union and Development Co-operation 4 The Union in Europe and in the World The Lome Convention and the Association of the Overseas Countries and 4 Territories with the Union The Caribbean and the European Union 6 Economic and political situation of the Caribbean 6 Instruments of EU-Caribbean co-operation 8 Regional co-operation 11 Co-operation with ACP States Antigua and Barbuda 18 The Bahamas 20 Barbados 22 Belize 25 Dominica 27 Dominican Republic 30 Grenada 33 Guyana 35 Haiti 37 Jamaica 39 St Christopher and Nevis 42 St Lucia 44 St Vincent and the Grenadines 47 Suriname 50 Trinidad and Tobago 52 Co-operation with the Overseas Countries and Territories Anguilla 54 British Virgin Islands 56 Cayman Islands 58 Montserrat 59 Netherlands Antilles and Aruba 61 Turks -
Eastern Africa's Manufacturing Sector: a National Validation Workshop on November 12Th 2013
Eastern Africa’s Manufacturing Sector Promoting Technology, Innovation, Productivity And Linkages SEYCHELLES COUNTRY REPORT October 2014 EASTERN AFRICA’S MANUFACTURING SECTOR Promoting technology, innovation, productivity and linkages SEYCHELLES COUNTRY REPORT October 2014 EASTERN AFRICA’S MANUFACTURING SECTOR - SEYCHELLES COUNTRY REPORT THE AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP The production of this report has been coordinated by the African Development Bank (AfBD). Designations employed in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion of the institution concerning the legal status of any country, or the limitation of its frontier. While efforts have been made to present reliable information, the AfDB accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequences of its use. Vice President: Zondo Sakala Regional Director (EARC): Gabriel Negatu Lead Economists: Stefan Muller, Abraham Mwenda Chief Regional Economist and Task Manager of the Report: Tilahun Temesgen Senior Country Economist: Susan Mpande Copyright 2014 – AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP Photo Credits: AfDB photo files. PUBLISHED BY African Development Bank Group – Eastern Africa Regional Resource Centre (EARC) Khushee Tower Longonot Road, Upper Hill Nairobi, Kenya Phone: (254) 20 2712925/26/28 Fax: (254) 202712938 Email: [email protected] Website: www.afdb.org TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary..................................................................................................................................................................ix Introduction..............................................................................................................................................................................xii -
Mapping the Information Environment in the Pacific Island Countries: Disruptors, Deficits, and Decisions
December 2019 Mapping the Information Environment in the Pacific Island Countries: Disruptors, Deficits, and Decisions Lauren Dickey, Erica Downs, Andrew Taffer, and Heidi Holz with Drew Thompson, S. Bilal Hyder, Ryan Loomis, and Anthony Miller Maps and graphics created by Sue N. Mercer, Sharay Bennett, and Michele Deisbeck Approved for Public Release: distribution unlimited. IRM-2019-U-019755-Final Abstract This report provides a general map of the information environment of the Pacific Island Countries (PICs). The focus of the report is on the information environment—that is, the aggregate of individuals, organizations, and systems that shape public opinion through the dissemination of news and information—in the PICs. In this report, we provide a current understanding of how these countries and their respective populaces consume information. We map the general characteristics of the information environment in the region, highlighting trends that make the dissemination and consumption of information in the PICs particularly dynamic. We identify three factors that contribute to the dynamism of the regional information environment: disruptors, deficits, and domestic decisions. Collectively, these factors also create new opportunities for foreign actors to influence or shape the domestic information space in the PICs. This report concludes with recommendations for traditional partners and the PICs to support the positive evolution of the information environment. This document contains the best opinion of CNA at the time of issue. It does not necessarily represent the opinion of the sponsor or client. Distribution Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. 12/10/2019 Cooperative Agreement/Grant Award Number: SGECPD18CA0027. This project has been supported by funding from the U.S. -
LEGISLATIVE RESOLUTION Commemorating the 32Nd Anniversary of the Inde- Pendence of Antigua and Barbuda
LEGISLATIVE RESOLUTION commemorating the 32nd Anniversary of the Inde- pendence of Antigua and Barbuda WHEREAS, It is the sense of this Legislative Body to recognize and pay just tribute to the cultural heritage of the ethnic groups which comprise and contribute to the richness and diversity of the community of the State of New York; and WHEREAS, Attendant to such concern, and in keeping with its time-ho- nored traditions, it is the intent of this Legislative Body to commem- orate the 32nd Anniversary of the Independence of Antigua and Barbuda; and WHEREAS, The people of this great State and nation and Antigua and Barbuda enjoy a deep and abiding relationship rooted in kinship and culture; and WHEREAS, Antigua and Barbuda's Independence Day is celebrated on November 1st of every year; and WHEREAS, Antigua and Barbuda is a small island country in the Northern Leeward Islands of the Caribbean Sea; the country consists of three islands, Antigua, Barbuda and Redonda, with an estimated population of around 80,000 inhabitants; and WHEREAS, Antigua and Barbuda's main economy is tourism; natives are known for their strong skills of arts and crafts; and WHEREAS, The majority of the population are descendants of African slaves who were brought to grow sugar cane and tobacco on the island in the colonial era - such as the British in the 17th century; and WHEREAS, In 1493, it is said the island of Antigua was sighted by Christopher Columbus and named after a Spanish church in Seville; it was not until 1632 when the British colonized Antigua, Barbuda -
The Gordian Knot: American and British Policy Concerning the Cyprus Issue: 1952-1974
THE GORDIAN KNOT: AMERICAN AND BRITISH POLICY CONCERNING THE CYPRUS ISSUE: 1952-1974 Michael M. Carver A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of The requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS May 2006 Committee: Dr. Douglas J. Forsyth, Advisor Dr. Gary R. Hess ii ABSTRACT Douglas J. Forsyth, Advisor This study examines the role of both the United States and Great Britain during a series of crises that plagued Cyprus from the mid 1950s until the 1974 invasion by Turkey that led to the takeover of approximately one-third of the island and its partition. Initially an ancient Greek colony, Cyprus was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in the late 16th century, which allowed the native peoples to take part in the island’s governance. But the idea of Cyprus’ reunification with the Greek mainland, known as enosis, remained a significant tenet to most Greek-Cypriots. The movement to make enosis a reality gained strength following the island’s occupation in 1878 by Great Britain. Cyprus was integrated into the British imperialist agenda until the end of the Second World War when American and Soviet hegemony supplanted European colonialism. Beginning in 1955, Cyprus became a battleground between British officials and terrorists of the pro-enosis EOKA group until 1959 when the independence of Cyprus was negotiated between Britain and the governments of Greece and Turkey. The United States remained largely absent during this period, but during the 1960s and 1970s came to play an increasingly assertive role whenever intercommunal fighting between the Greek and Turkish-Cypriot populations threatened to spill over into Greece and Turkey, and endanger the southeastern flank of NATO. -
Rising Islands
THESIS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY JUNE 2015 Rising Islands Enhancing adaptive capacities in Kiribati through Migration with Dignity SANDRA DUONG Master's Thesis in Geography, 30 credits Supervisor: Martina Angela Caretta Department of Human Geography, Stockholm University www.humangeo.su.se ABSTRACT Duong, Sandra (2015). Rising Islands - Enhancing adaptive capacities in Kiribati through Migration with Dignity. Human Geography, advanced level, Master thesis for Master Exam in Human Geography, 30 ECTS credits. Supervisor: Martina Angela Caretta Language: English The main body of research within climate-change induced migration has focused on displacement migration. The “sinking islands” reference is often used to describe island states being in the forefront of climate change impacts, and their inhabitants at risk of becoming the first climate change refugees in history. The aim of this thesis is to understand what circumstances are needed for Kiribati’s ‘Migration with Dignity’ concept to enhance the adaptive capacity of livelihoods. By using the Sustainable Livelihood Approach this thesis examines what impacts climate change has on different aspects of livelihoods in Kiribati. This study uses a case study approach. Data has been collected through 14 semi-structured interviews during an eight weeks long minor field study on the capital atoll South Tarawa. While Kiribati faces many development challenges, being a least developed country with a rent-based economy, climate change puts additional strains on the country’s capacities to cope with the increasing monetization and urbanisation, and abilities to satisfy the growing population’s aspirations. The empirical evidence shows a need among the population to find education and skilled wage employment. -
Kiribati Key Indicators for Kiribati (2017) World Pacific Fixed-Telephone Sub
Asia & Kiribati Key indicators for Kiribati (2017) World Pacific Fixed-telephone sub. per 100 inhab. 0�7 9�5 13�0 Difficult geographical and economic Mobile-cellular sub. per 100 inhab. 39�6 104�0 103�6 circumstances inhibit telecommunications Active mobile-broadband sub. per 100 inhab. 42�0 60�3 61�9 development in this remote Pacific island 3G coverage (% of population) 48�0 91�3 87�9 country. Recent sector changes and the arrival of LTE/WiMAX coverage (% of population) 45�0 86�9 76�3 a submarine cable will lower costs and make the Individuals using the Internet (%) 14.6 44�3 48�6 Internet more accessible. Households with a computer (%) 7.3 38�9 47�1 Households with Internet access (%) 6.9 49�0 54�7 Mobile services: Amalgamated Telecoms Holdings International bandwidth per Internet user (kbit/s) 18�9 61�7 76�6 Kiribati Limited (ATHKL) is currently the only Fixed-broadband sub. per 100 inhab. 0�1 13�0 13�6 mobile operator. ATHKL was created in May 2015 Fixed-broadband sub. by speed tiers, % distribution when Amalgamated Telecoms Holdings of Fiji -256 kbit/s to 2 Mbit/s 13�2 2�4 4�2 acquired the assets of the incumbent Telecom -2 to 10 Mbit/s 85�5 7�6 13�2 Services of Kiribati Limited (TSKL) on the islands -equal to or above 10 Mbit/s 1�3 90�0 82�6 of South Tarawa, Betio and Kiritimati. ATHKL is Note: Data in italics are ITU estimates. Source: ITU (as of June 2018). -
Chapter 4 the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia and Palau
Chapter 4 The Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia and Palau By Anirban Biswas A. Brief overview of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement During the past decade the intraregional share of total Asia-Pacific exports increased from 44% in 2000 to 52% in 2013, with developing Asia-Pacific countries making the highest contribution.1 In this regard, regional trade agreements such as APTA could be a very good platform for expanding intraregional trade under the agreement. As APTA provides a good platform for South-South trade and has provisions for special and differential treatment for small Pacific Island countries with special needs, such as Micronesian Trade and Economic Community (MTEC) member countries – the Federated States of Micronesia (hereinafter referred to as Micronesia), the Marshall Islands and Palau, these three countries can reap the benefits from increasing trade in the region by joining APTA.2 This section discusses briefly how the study objective was conceived and provides an overview of trade among the Participating States of APTA. It also sets the objective, and discusses the methodology and data sources related to the study. In section B, the economic background, geographical condition, historical/political aspects and external trade structures as well as different preferential trade agreements of the Marshall Islands, Micronesia and Palau are discussed. Section C evaluates the export potential for the Marshall Islands, Micronesia and Palau by examining their exports under the existing concessions given by the Participating States of APTA (covering more than 10,000 items in the Fourth Round). The export potential at 6-digit Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS) level has been identified. -
New Zealand CJPME Foundation – Human Rights Report Series Published August, 2018
Middle East - New Zealand CJPME Foundation – Human Rights Report Series Published August, 2018 New Zealand - Human Rights Scorecard 1 New Zealand is an island country in the Southern Pacific Ocean east of Australia..2 The country received independence from the British Empire in 1947, though it remains part of the British commonwealth. New Zealand is a highly developed democracy that ranks towards the top in education and quality of life. The indigenous Māori and other Polynesian ethnic groups continue to comprise a large portion of the population, and New Zealand has undergone a revivalist movement to restore rights and cultural empowerment to the colonized indigenous populations. Official language: English, Māori, NZ Sign Language Ethnic groups: 74.0% White European; 14.9% Māori; 11.8% Asian; 7.4% Pacific peoples; 2.9% Other Government: Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy - Monarch: Elizabeth II - Prime Minister: Jacinda Ardern - Governor-General: Dame Patsy Reddy Population: 4.9 million Life expectancy: 81 years Under-5 mortality: 6 per 1000 Adult literacy: 99% Death penalty: Abolished Section 1: Overall Development The overall development of a country – considering education, health, income, and other factors – is a strong indicator of whether average citizens have a reasonable chance to enjoy social and economic well-being and mobility. Human Development (UNDP Human Development Index (HDI)) 3 0.915 – Very High Human Development 4 According to the UNDP, New Zealanders enjoyed a gross national income per capita of $32,870, could expect to have on average 12.5 years of schooling. Compared to other countries with similar gross national income per capita, this is a very high HDI. -
Memo Provided By: Globaledge.Msu.Edu and EXPORT.GOV
Cyprus Introduction Key Economic Facts Risk Assessment (Provided by Coface) Cyprus is an island country in the Middle East in the Eastern Income Level (by per capita High Income Country rating: A4 - A somewhat shaky political and Mediterranean Sea. Nearby countries include Turkey, Syria, GNI): economic outlook and a relatively volatile business and Lebanon. Geographically, Cyprus is a central plain with Level of Development: Developed environment can affect corporate payment behavior. mountains to the north and south. The GDP, PPP (current international $36.95 billion (2019) government system is a republic; the chief $): Corporate default probability is still acceptable on average. of state and head of government is the GDP growth (annual %): 3.08% (2019) Business Climate rating: A3 - The business environment president. Cyprus has a market economy GDP per capita, PPP (current $41,254.40 (2019) is relatively good. Although not always available, corporate system in which the prices of goods and international $): financial information is usually reliable. Debt collection and services are determined in a free price system. Cyprus is a Manufacturing, value added (% 5.38% (2019) the institutional framework may have some shortcomings. member of the European Union (EU). of GDP): Current account balance (BoP, -$1.65 billion (2019) Intercompany transactions may run into occasional current US$): difficulties in the otherwise secure environments rated A3. Inflation, consumer prices 0.25% (2019) Strengths (annual %): • Central geographical location