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Inside Impossible to Overcome the Compression in the Cylinders by Ann Strength Alone

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Inside Impossible to Overcome the Compression in the Cylinders by Ann Strength Alone ourna The Society of Automotive Historians, Inc. Issue 203 March-April 2003 Gentlemen, Start Your Engines 5 by Albert Mroz n the early years of motor vehicle development one of the biggest problems with the internal combustion engine was how to start it. Most engines in those days had to be www.autohistory.org I hand-cranked. But first the ignition had to be retarded or the engine would very likely backfire, often times spraining or breaking the persons wrist or thumb. There was a special "over-the-top" way to hold the crank to help prevent this hazard, but many thousands of people had serious injuries from starting an engine back then. Hand-cranking also limited the size of the engi ne. With a large engine it was almost Inside impossible to overcome the compression in the cylinders by ann strength alone. Hence the hand-crank was nicknamed the "armstrong" starter. Earl y on, there were several dif­ fere nt inventions which attempted to resolve the problem of "firing up" the internal com­ Editorial Comment 2 bustion engine. Electric vehicles had the distinct advantage of needing only the flip of a switch and the push of a lever to get moving. For pickup and delivery work it was especially con­ President's Perspective 3 venient to shut off the electric motor at each stop rather than having to crank start an engine each time or be fo rced to leave it running. Motor Age Magazine stated in its Octo­ ber 12, 1911 issue, "The self-starter is one thing that is badly needed. Once it arrives it SAH News 4 will place the gasoline car on an equality with the electric car." Steam-powered vehicles took time to get warmed up, but no hand-cranking was necessary either. However, the energy density of gasoline, as well as its availability and Ob~uary 5 storage convenience, made the internal combustion engine the most effective fuel for Raymond A. Katze/1 land vehicles. Once the Model T arrived and the oil industry gained momentum, the internal combustion engine was here to stay. The compressed-air starter Book Reviews 8 Some of the first self-starters used compressed air to turn over the engine. Two methods were used. One used a separate compressor; the other used exhaust gases. Both required a storage tank, valves and tubing which had to seal perfectly, otherwise the compressed Letters 13 air would leak out and it was back to hand-cranking. The air storage tank had to be fairly large to have adequate air or exhaust gas supply and also be of heavy enough construc­ The Billboard 15 tion to hold high pressure safely. All this was not easily accomplished nearly one hundred years ago, but many companies tried their hand at it. As early as 1904 William Forest Meserve built a passenger car with a four-cylinder two-cycle engine that had a compressed-air starter. The successful Alexander Winton offered a Model C car with a two-cylinder engine in 1905 which had an exhaust gas April 15th starter device that could also be used to fill the pneumatic tires. The Triumph Motor Car is the deadline for Company of Chicago offered a compressed-air starter on their Model A in 1907. SAH Award Nominations One of the most interesting vehicles that used compressed-air starting was the Bi­ see page 15 Autogo, which was built by james Scripps-Booth in 1912. The vehicle had two auxiliary wheels that folded up on each side once a speed above 20 miles per hour was reached. The Bi-Autogo was powered by a V-8 motor (three years before Cadillac) and could attain 75 miles per hour. It featured 400 feet of copper tubing for engine cooling. continued on page 11 Ah, Spring! If you are still housebound in thin out the herd-all those books and April-and you know how much it rains magazines lying around or filling up in April-I hope you will take the time to bookshelves that you have no more use check out the books reviewed in this issue for-duplicates, one-time readers, what­ of the ]oumal. There are eight reviews in­ ever. Auction Chair Leroy Cole works cluding one on a package put together by throughout the year gathering items for the Rolls-Royce Owners Club. the Silent Auction. The auction catalog Over the past few months I have will be published with the September/ Thomas S. Jakups, Editor been amassing a decent collection of re­ October ]oumal, but it is never too early views--thank you Ferdy Hediger and Keith to send in your books and magazines to s I am writing this, it is the Marvin-and I'm glad I had the space this Leroy On page 15 you will find a few of third day of March and outside issue to start publishing them. I invite you Leroy's reasons to participate in our A the thermometer is struggling to to send in a review of a book you have annual ilent Auction. reach 20 degrees. The snow, on the enjoyed and help replenish the stock. Also on Page 15 is the Billboard. ground since late November, shows no I am also looking for more articles draw your attention to the Help Wanted sign of disappearing anytime soon. to publi.sh on page 1 of the ]oumal. Again, ad placed by Richard Langworth. Richard Pretty much a normal winter for you I appreciate the efforts of my steady con­ suffered every auto historian/collector's Midwesterners, but decidedly not so for tributors, such as john Perala and Albert nightmare. As you know, he received the us here in southern ew England. Oh, Mroz, and I invite you to send along an Societys Friend of Automotive History well, as you read this early in April, article to this publication, which reaches Award this past October in Hershey spring will have made its scheduled over 900 subscribers and countless more Richard has contributed much to our entrance with temperatures rising and readers. hobby and I hope that we can come snow receding-along with my late win­ Another thing April is good for is through for him now. ter crankiness. One can only hope. spring cleaning. Its the perfect time to -Tom]akups J QY~I1~Issue 203 March-April 2003,1 ~ Officers Publications Committee SAH Journal (ISSN 1057-1973) Dale K. Wells President Christopher C. Foster, Chair is published six times a year by the Joseph S. Freeman Vice President Taylor Vinson Society of Automotive Historians, Inc. Michael L. Berger Secretary Thomas S. Jakups Christopher C. Foster Treasurer Michael lamm Subscription is by membership Beverly Rae Kimes in the Society. Board of Directors Through October 2003 Membership dues are $40 per year. James J. Schild Robert R. Ebert Past Editors Send dues, membership inquiries Samuel V. Fiorani Richard B. Brigham and changes of address to Through October 2004 Issues 1-29 Sept. 1969-(undated) 1973 Darwyn H. Lumley Paul N. Lashbrook Society of Automotive Historians, Inc. C. Marshall Naul leroy D. Cole 1102 long Cove Road Through October 2005 30-50 july 1973- Dec. 1976 Cales Ferry, CT 06335-1812 USA Susan S. Davis John A. Marino John Peckham ©2003 Arthur W. Jones 51 - 59 Feb. 1977-July 1978 Walter Cosden The Society of Automotive Historians, Inc. SAH Journal 60-87 Nov. 1978-Dec. 1983 Thomas S. Jakups Find the Society of Automotive Historians Editor, Advertisi ng Manager Richard B. Brigham on the web at www.autohistory.org. 88-117 jan.jFeb. 1983-Nov.jDec. 1988 37 Wyndwood Road West Hartford, CT 06107 USA Christopher C. Foster Copy Deadline for Journa/204 860-236-0125 Fax 860-232-0468 118-157 jan.jFeb. 1989-july/Aug. 1995 email: journal@a utohistory.org Samuel V. Fiorani April 30th [email protected] 158-194 Sept.jOct. 1995-Sept.jOct. 2001 2 SAH)ouma1No.203 Interesting Times glove compartment, a column shift, tum 1970s. With new tires, battery and gas Dale K. Wells, President signals, automatic choke and the most tank, it is now a collector's tour car. beautiful chrome horn ring on the steer­ Speaking of new tires, near the orne time ago I recall a writer quot­ ing wheel. Being only one year old, it end of WWll my father needed new ing words of wisdom by the Chi­ was good as new to us, and it still had tires for the 1940 Buick. The local S nese philosopher Confucius, who some new car smell left. Now those were rationing board would not or could not supposedly said , "How fortunate are those interesting times as we approached let him have them. At the local Buick who live in interesting times." I have re­ World War II. garage one day, there was a mid-l930s called those words many times in my Growing up in a small Michigan Buick hearse parked in one corner. A journey through life. In automotive histo­ town of 7,000 population, we saw very local funeral director had retired and ry we have certainly seen some interesting few luxury cars of the era, except when asked the dealer to sell the hearse for times in our lifetimes. My experiences travelers came through town. Exceptions him. My father noticed the tires were in with automobiles probably parallel those were a few people who were brave excellent condition and asked the dealer of many of you. enough to buy used luxury cars because if he would sell the tires. He would not, There are many wonderful books they were priced so low.
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