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Sinosenecio Jishouensis (Compositae), a New Species from North-West Hunan, China

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Sinosenecio Jishouensis (Compositae), a New Species from North-West Hunan, China Botanical Studies (2008) 49: 287-294. TAXONOMY Sinosenecio jishouensis (Compositae), a new species from north-west Hunan, China Dai-GuiZHANG1,YingLIU2,andQin-ErYANG3,* 1College of Biology and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Hunan 416000, China 2State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China 3South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China (ReceivedJanuary9,2008;AcceptedJune25,2008) ABSTRACT. Sinosenecio jishouensisD.G.Zhang,Y.Liu&Q.E.Yang,anewspeciesfromnorth-west Hunan,China,isdescribedandillustrated.Thisnewspeciesiseasilydistinguishablefromallitscongenersby havingleafystems,broadlyelliptic-lanceolateandpinnately-veinedleaves,andacheneswithoutapappus.Its somaticchromosomeswerecountedas2n=48and96.Acolorplate,linedrawings,lightmicroscope(LM) photomicrographs of floral microcharacters, and a distribution map are given for the new species. Keywords:Chromosomenumber;Endemism;Floralmicrocharacter;Senecioneae;Sinosenecio jishouensis; Tephroseridinae. INTRODUCTION lanceolatis, pinnatinerviis, acheniis pappo destitutis a congeneribus diversa. During field work inApril 2007 for the second Rhizomatousherbwithleafystems,stolonsabsent. author’sPh.D.projectonsystematicsandevolutionofthe Stemssolitaryorseveral,erect,upto40cmtall,ca. genus SinosenecioB.Nord.(Senecioneae-Compositae), 5-10mmindiameteratthebase,simple,3-6-angulate, an unusual population was found in a valley in the pubescent,sometimesmoredenselysoalongtheangles. DehangGeologicalPark,JishouCity,innorthwestern Radicalleaveslong-petiolate;laminaelliptic-lanceolate, HunanProvince,China.Becauseofitsbroadlyelliptic- 4-14 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, pinnately 3-5-veined, lanceolate and pinnately-veined leaves, at first glance the papyraceousorthinlypapyraceous,green,sparsely plantappearedtobeamemberofthegenusSenecioL. pubescentonbothsurfaces,moredenselysoalongthe Uponcloserinvestigation,whichincludedchromosome veinsonabaxialsurface,apexacuminateoracute,base countsandfloralmicromorphologicalobservations, roundedorbroadlycuneate,marginirregularlysinuate- thepopulationwasdeterminedtorepresentahitherto dentate;petioles4-16cmlong,sparselypubescent,slightly undescribedspecies inthegenusSinosenecio.Thesite winged,baseexpanded.Upperstemleavessmaller, wasre-visitedinNovember2007forthecollectionof with shorter petioles. Capitula 5-∞ in apical corymbs; cytologicalmaterial.Searchesformoresitesresultedin peduncles1-2cmlong,pubescent,distallydilated. thediscoveryoftwoadditionalpopulationsinthepark. Involucrescampanulate,ecalyculate,5-7mmlong,6-8 mmwide.Phyllariesca.13,uniseriate,oblong-lanceolate, NEW SPECIES 6-7mmlong,1.5-2mmwide,apexacuminateoracutish, pubescent, herbaceous, green. Ray florets ca. 13; corolla Sinosenecio jishouensisD.G.Zhang,Y.Liu&Q.E. tube2mmlong,glabrous;raysyellow,oblong-elliptic, Yang,sp.nov.—Type:CHINA.Hunan,JishouCity, 8-10mmlong,3-4mmwide,apically3-denticulate, DehangGeologicalPark,moistsoilonlimestonerocks 4-veined. Disc florets ∞; corolla 4 mm long; tube 2 mm invalley,ca.250m,2Apr2007,Qin-er Yang, Qiong long;limbcampanulate;lobesovate-lanceolate.Anthers Yuan & Ying Liu 544(holotype,PE).吉首蒲兒根 1.5mmlong,baseobtuse;appendagesovate-oblong.Style Figures1,2 armsca. 1mmlong,apextruncate.Achenescylindrical, Haec species caule foliato, foliis ambitu late elliptico- 1.5mmlong,glabrous.Pappusabsent. Additional specimens examined.CHINA.Hunan, JishouCity,DehangGeologicalPark,streamside,1May *Correspondingauthor:Email:[email protected];Tel: 1990,Zhong-cun Gu 0208 (JIU);samelocality,2Apr 86-20-37094273. 2007,Dai-gui Zhang 070402001(JIU). 288 Botanical Studies, Vol. 49, 2008 Figure 1.Sinosenecio jishouensis D. G. Zhang, Y. Liu & Q. E. Yang. A, Habit; B, Inflorescence; C, Phyllary; D, Ray floret; E, Disc floret; F, Stamen; G, Style-arms (All fromQin-er Yang et al. 544,PE). ZHANG et al. — Sinosenecio jishouensis, a new species from China 289 Figure 2.Sinosenecio jishouensis D.G.Zhang,Y.Liu&Q.E.Yang.A,Posture;B,Capitula;C,Florets;D,Leaf;E,Habitat.(Allfrom Qin-er Yang et al. 544,PE). 290 Botanical Studies, Vol. 49, 2008 Etymology. The specific epithet ‘jishouensis’isderived endotheticalcellthickeningsof Sinosenecio jishouensis fromthetypelocality,JishouCity,HunanProvince,China. werepredominantlypolar(Figure4A),conformingto Phenology.FloweringMarchtoApril;fruitingMay. previousreportsthatendotheticalcellthickeningsare strictlypolar,polarandradialorradialinotherspeciesof Distribution, habitat and status. Sinosenecio jishouensis thegenus(JeffreyandChen,1984).Thecellthickenings isonlyknownfromthreesmallpopulationsoccurring ofSenecio scandens,likethoseofotherSenecio species inthreeadjacentvalleysinJishouCity,Hunan,China reportedbyNordenstam(1978)andJeffreyandChen (Figure3),growinginmoistsoilonlimestonerocks (1984),wereradial(Figure4C).Cellsofthefilament alongstreamsorunderwaterfallsatanaltitudeofabout collarofS. jishouensiswereof uniformsize(Figure4B), 250m.AccordingtotheIUCNredlistcategoriesand animportantdiagnosticfeatureofSinosenecio,whilethe criteria,Version3.1(IUCN,2001),thisspeciesshouldbe filamentcollarofSenecio scandenswasdilatedtowards categorizedasacriticallyendangeredspecies(CR).The thebase,withthebasallateralcellsenlarged(Figure4D), mostseriousproblemwiththesurvivalofthespeciesis oneofthedistinguishingfeaturesofSenecio(Nordenstam, thatallitspopulationsthusfarknownaresituatedwithin 1978;JeffreyandChen,1984). ageologicalparkwhichaimsnottoconservebiodiversity butmainlytoattracttourists,andhencethesitesofthe Chromosome cytology.Forchromosomecounts,root populationsareveryeasilyaccessible.Inparticular,a tipswerepretreatedwith0.1%colchicinefor3hbefore beautifulwaterfallinthepark,underwhichthebiggest theywerefixedinCarnoyI,thenmaceratedina1:1 populationofS. jishouensiswasdiscovered,isthemost mixtureof45%aceticand1NHClat60°Cfor4min, frequentdestinationoftouristsvisitingthepark. stainedandsquashedinCarbolfuchsin. Floral microcharacters.Floralmicromorphological ThirteenindividualsofSinoseneciojishouensis were characters of Sinosenecio jishouensis and Senecio studied,ninefromonepopulation(Qin-er Yang, Qiong scandensBuch.-Ham.exD.Donwerecomparatively Yuan & Ying Liu 544)andfourfromasecond(Qin-er investigated.ItshouldbenotedthatS. scandensdoes Yang, Qiong Yuan & Ying Liu 1500).Intheinterphase notbelonginSenecios.str.ascircumscribedbyPelser nuclei,afewdarklystainedcondensedbodieswere etal.(2007).However,itremainsatypicalmemberof observed,buttheirboundarieswerenotclear,because thesubtribeSenecioninae,sothecomparisonisstill theotherpartwasalsostainedfairlywellbutunevenly justified. For observation of their anther endothetical cell (Figure5A,D).Theprophasechromosomesdisplayeda thickeningsandfilamentcollar,headsfromspecimens distinctlycontinuouscondensationpattern(Figure5B,E). were boiled and then fixed with Carnoy’s solution. Mature Themetaphasechromosomeswerecountedtobe2n=48 disc florets removed from the fixed heads were transferred (Figure5C)intwelveindividuals,but2n =96(Figure5F) to70%ethanolfor30minandthento99%ethanolfor1 in one individual from the first population. hbeforetheywereimmersedin5%NaOHfor24h.The Discussion. Sinosenecio was segregated as an anthertissuewasisolatedfromthefloretsontheslide, independentgenusfromthequiteheterogeneousSenecio flooded with 50% glycerol and a cover slip was applied. L.byNordenstam(1978),onthebasisofitspetiolate Sampleswerethenexaminedat200× (filament collar) and leaveswiththelaminadistinctfromthepetiole,ecalyculate 400×(endotheticalcellthickenings)bylightmicroscopy involucres, campanulate limb of the disc florets, polarized andphotographed. orradialpatternofantherendotheticalcellthickenings Although a few cells near the connective tissue anduniformlysizedcellsofthefilamentcollar.Jeffrey exhibited a somewhat radial pattern, the anther andChen(1984),andChen(1999)acceptedNordenstam’s conceptofthegenusSinosenecio.Thirty-sevenspecies havebeenrecognizedinthegenusheretofore(Janovecand Barkley,1996;Chen,1999;Liu,2000).Allarerestrictedto China,Korea,andIndo-China(Nordenstam,1978;Jeffrey andChen,1984;Chen,1999)exceptone,S. newcombei (Greene)J.P.Janovec&T.M.Barkley,aspeciesendemic totheQueenCharlotteIslands,BritishColumbia,Canada (JanovecandBarkley,1996).Assuch,Sinosenecioisan EastAsian-NorthAmericandisjunctivegenus,withits centerofspeciesdiversityincentralandsouthChina. JeffreyandChen(1984)pointedoutthatbecauseofthe narrowendemismofmanyofitsspecies,thediscoveryof furthernewspecieswastobeexpectedasthebotanical explorationofChinaproceeded. MolecularsequencedatafromtheITSregionof nuclearribosomalDNAandmicromorphologicaldata Figure 3.DistributionofSinosenecio jishouensis (▲)inHunan fromantherendotheticalcellsindicatethatS. newcombei Province,China. iscloselyrelatedtoNorthAmericanspecies ofthegenus ZHANG et al. — Sinosenecio jishouensis, a new species from China 291 Figure 4. Endothetical cell thickenings (A, C) and filament collars (B, D) of SinosenecioandSenecio.A, Sinosenecio jishouensis withpredominantlypolarizedthickenings;B,Sinosenecio jishouensis withuniformlysizedcells;C, Senecio scandens withradial thickenings;D,Senecio scandenswithenlargedbasallateralcells.(A,BfromQin-er Yang et al. 544;C,DfromQin-er Yang et al. 633. AllvouchersatPE). 292 Botanical Studies, Vol. 49, 2008 Figure 5.Interphasenuclei(A,D),mitoticprophase(B,E)andmetaphase(C, 2n=48,F,2n=96)chromosomesofSinosenecio jishouensis.(AllfromQin-er Yang et al. 544,PE). ZHANG et al. — Sinosenecio jishouensis, a new species from China 293 Tephroseris(Goldenetal.,2001;Pelseretal.,2007).
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