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Asteraceae): Revision of Cissampelopsis and Gynura and Hybridisation in the Introduced Crassocephalum

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SYSTEMATICS AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN SENECIONEAE (ASTERACEAE): REVISION OF CISSAMPELOPSIS AND GYNURA AND HYBRIDISATION IN THE INTRODUCED CRASSOCEPHALUM Dissertation Zur Erlangung des Grades Doktor der Naturwissenschaften Am Fachbereich Biologie Der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Ongkarn Vanijajiva geb. am 24 März 1977 in Krabi, Thailand Mainz, 2008 Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 23 September 2008 Gynura siamensis Vanijajiva & Kadereit CONTENTS SUMMARY...............................................................................................................................1 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG.........................................................................................................2 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION..................................................................................3 1.1 The Flora of Southeast Asia………………………………………………………...…...3 1.2 Tribe Senecioneae Cass……………………………………………………………….....4 1.3 Genus Cissampelopsis (DC.) Miq...................................................................................6 1.4 Genus Gynura Cass...........................................................................................................6 1.5 Genus Crassocephalum Moench.......................................................................................7 1.6 Statement of research…………………………………………………………..………...7 2. A REVISION OF CISSAMPELOPSIS (ASTERACEAE: SENECONEAE).................9 2.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................9 2.1.1 Taxonomic history………………………………………..…………….........………9 2.1.2 The relationships of Cissampelopsis……………………………………….………10 2.2 Material and Methods…………......................................................................................10 2.3 Results and Discussion....................................................................................................12 3. A REVISION OF GYNURA (ASTERACEAE: SENECONEAE) ...............................32 3.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 32 3.1.1 Taxonomic history…………………………………………………………………32 3.1.2 The relationships of Gynura…………………………………………..……………34 3.3 Material and methods……………………………………..............................................34 3.4 Results and Discussion……………................................................................................34 4. MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORLECULAR EVIDENCE FOR INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDISATION IN THE INTRODUCED AFRICAN GENUS CRASSOCEPHALUM (ASTERACEAE: SENECONEAE) IN ASIA.........................107 4.1 Introduction………………...........................................................................................107 4.2 Material and methods………………………………....................................................108 4.2.1 Plant material………………………………………………………………….….108 4.2.2 Pollen and seed fertility…………………………………………………….…….109 4.2.3 Chromosome counts…………………………..………………………………..…110 4.2.4 DNA isolation, PCR amplification and sequencing……………………………...110 4.4.5 Sequence alignment…………………………………………………...…….……111 4.3 Results…………….......................................................................................................112 4.3.1 Geographical distribution and ecology, morphology, taxonomy……………....…112 4.3.2 Taxonomy of Crassocephalum in Asia………………………………………...…112 4.3.3 Pollen and seed fertility………………………………….…………………….....119 4.4.4 Chromosome numbers……………………………………….…………………...119 4.4.4 Nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences……………………………...……….….120 4.4.6 Chloroplast DNA trnL-3′-trnF sequences……………………………..………….121 4.4 Discussion……………..………………………………………………………....…...122 4.4.1 Taxonomy and chromosome numbers of Crassocephalum in Asia……………122 4.4.2 Introduction history of Crassocephalum in Asia……………………….……122 4.4.3 The intermediate specimens………………………………………………….…...123 5. REFERENCES……………………………………………………...…………………124 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ……………………..………...….………..………….….130 7. CURRICULUM VITAE………………………………………………..…………..…131 1 SUMMARY This dissertation includes two parts. The first contains an introduction to the flora of Southeast Asia and the objects of this study, Asteraceae-Senecioneae Cass. with Cissampelopsis (DC.) Miq., Gynura Cass. and Crassocephalum Moench (Chapter 1). The second part comprises three manuscripts based on original research (Chapter 2- 4). In chapter 2 a revision of the Asian genus Cissampelopsis is provided. Two sections with ten species and two varieties are recognized. These are sect. Buimalia C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen with C. buimalia (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, C. erythrochaeta C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen and C. calcadensis (Ramasw.) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen and sect. Cissampelopsis with C. glandulosa C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, C. walkeri (Arn.) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen with var. walkeri and var. floccosa Vanijajiva & Kadereit (var. nov.), C. corifolia C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, C. volubilis (Bl.) Miq, C. ansteadii (Tadul. & Jacob) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, C. spelaeicola (Van.) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen and C. corymbosa (Wall. ex DC.) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen. Keys, descriptions, photographs of floral characters and distribution maps are provided. Chapter 3 is a revision of the palaeotropical genus Gynura. Forty-four species are recognized of which three are described as new. These are G. davisii Vanijajiva & Kadereit, G. siamensis Vanijajiva & Kadereit and G. villosus Vanijajiva & Kadereit. Gynura dissecta (F. G. Davies) Vanijajiva & Kadereit, G. annua (F. G. Davies) Vanijajiva & Kadereit and G. aurantiaca (Bl) DC. subsp. parviflora (F. G. Davies) Vanijajiva & Kadereit are new combinations. An identification key, descriptions and distribution maps are provided. In chapter 4, an analysis of the genus Crassocephalum in Asia, introduced there from Africa, is presented. This analysis is based on extensive field work, herbarium studies, analyses of pollen and seed fertility and chromosome numbers as well as ITS and trnL-F sequences. We found that Crassocephalum in Asia comprises two species and their interspecific hybrid. The two species are C. crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore and C. rubens (Juss. ex Jacq.) S. Moore, of which the latter is a new record for Asia. The hybrid between these two species originated from a cross C. crepidioides (2n=40) as female and C. rubens (2n=40) as male parent. 2 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die vorgelegte Dissertation enthält zwei Teile. Der erste beinhaltet eine Einführung in die Flora Südostasiens und die Untersuchungsgruppe Asteraceae- Senecioneae Cass. mit den Gattungen Cissampelopsis (DC.) Miq., Gynura Cass. und Crassocephalum Moench (Kapitel 1). Der zweite Teil besteht aus drei Manuskripten, die auf originalen Forschungsergebnissen basieren (Kapitel 2-4). In Kapitel 2 wird eine Revision der asiatischen Gattung Cissampelopsis vorgelegt. Die folgenden zwei Sektionen mit zehn Arten und zwei Varietäten werden anerkannt: sect. Buimalia C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen mit C. buimalia (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, C. erythrochaeta C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen und C. calcadensis (Ramasw.) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen sowie sect. Cissampelopsis mit C. glandulosa C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, C. walkeri (Arn.) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen mit var. walkeri und var. floccosa Vanijajiva & Kadereit (var. nov.), C. corifolia C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, C. volubilis (Bl.) Miq, C. ansteadii (Tadul. & Jacob) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, C. spelaeicola (Van.) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen und C. corymbosa (Wall. ex DC.) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen. Schlüssel, Artbeschreibungen, Fotographien von Blütenmerkmalen und Verbreitungskarten werden präsentiert. Kapitel 3 beinhaltet die Revision der paläotropischen Gattung Gynura. Vierundvierzig Arten werden anerkannt, darunter die folgenden drei Neubeschreibungen: G. davisii Vanijajiva & Kadereit, G. siamensis Vanijajiva & Kadereit und G. villosus Vanijajiva & Kadereit. Gynura dissecta (F. G. Davies) Vanijajiva & Kadereit, G. annua (F. G. Davies) Vanijajiva & Kadereit und G. aurantiaca (Bl) DC. subsp. parviflora (F. G. Davies) Vanijajiva & Kadereit sind Neukombinationen. Ein Schlüssel, Artbeschreibungen und Verbreitungskarten werden vorgelegt. In Kapitel 4 wird eine Analyse von Crassocephalum in Asien, einer aus Afrika eingeschleppten Gattung, präsentiert. Diese Untersuchung basiert auf umfangreicher Feldarbeit, Herbarstudien, Analysen der Pollen- und Samenfertilität, Chromosomenzählungen sowie ITS- und trnL-F-Sequenzen. Die Studie ergab, dass Crassocephalum in Asien mit zwei Arten und deren Hybrid vertreten ist. Die zwei Arten sind C. crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore und C. rubens (Juss. ex Jacq.) S. Moore, wobei letztere einen Neufund für Asien darstellt. Der Hybrid aus diesen beiden Arten resultiert aus einer Kreuzung von C. crepidioides (2n=40) als weiblichem und C. rubens (2n=40) als männlichem Elter. 1. INTRODUCTION 3 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Flora of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia (Fig. 1) consists of two geographic regions: the Asian mainland and island arcs and archipelagoes to the east and southeast. The mainland part consists of Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam and Thailand. The maritime part consists of Singapore, Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. The area extends more than 3,300 km from north to south and 5,600 km from east to west, stretching from 30° northern to 11° southern latitude and from 92° to 142° eastern longitude (Holloway & Hall, 1998). The climate of Southeast Asia is essentially hot-tropical all year round. Precipitation is high, but
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    Multequina ISSN: 0327-9375 [email protected] Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas Argentina VITTO, LUIS A. DEL; PETENATTI, E. M. ASTERÁCEAS DE IMPORTANCIA ECONÓMICA Y AMBIENTAL. PRIMERA PARTE. SINOPSIS MORFOLÓGICA Y TAXONÓMICA, IMPORTANCIA ECOLÓGICA Y PLANTAS DE INTERÉS INDUSTRIAL Multequina, núm. 18, 2009, pp. 87-115 Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas Mendoza, Argentina Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42812317008 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto ISSN 0327-9375 ASTERÁCEAS DE IMPORTANCIA ECONÓMICA Y AMBIENTAL. PRIMERA PARTE. SINOPSIS MORFOLÓGICA Y TAXONÓMICA, IMPORTANCIA ECOLÓGICA Y PLANTAS DE INTERÉS INDUSTRIAL ASTERACEAE OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPORTANCE. FIRST PART. MORPHOLOGICAL AND TAXONOMIC SYNOPSIS, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPORTANCE AND PLANTS OF INDUSTRIAL VALUE LUIS A. DEL VITTO Y E. M. PETENATTI Herbario y Jardín Botánico UNSL, Cátedras Farmacobotánica y Famacognosia, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ej. de los Andes 950, D5700HHW San Luis, Argentina. [email protected]. RESUMEN Las Asteráceas incluyen gran cantidad de especies útiles (medicinales, agrícolas, industriales, etc.). Algunas han sido domesticadas y cultivadas desde la Antigüedad y otras conforman vastas extensiones de vegetación natural, determinando la fisonomía de numerosos paisajes. Su uso etnobotánico ha ayudado a sustentar numerosos pueblos. Hoy, unos 40 géneros de Asteráceas son relevantes en alimentación humana y animal, fuentes de aceites fijos, aceites esenciales, forraje, miel y polen, edulcorantes, especias, colorantes, insecticidas, caucho, madera, leña o celulosa.
  • Labiatae) in India (Ph.D

    Labiatae) in India (Ph.D

    Scientific Journey (from 1988 to till date) V. SAMPATH KUMAR Scientist, CNH, BSI, Howrah Taxonomic studies on the tribe Mentheae (Labiatae) in India (Ph.D. – Calcutta University) Research scholar of CNH, BSI under ‘Flora of India’ project from 1988 to 1993. Scientific Asst. from 1993 to 1997. Botanist from 1997 to 2001 (ANRC, PortBlair). Scientist (CDRI, Lucknow) from 2001 to 2002. Scientist in BSI since Sept. 2002. Served in Hqrs., Kolkata; DRC, Hyderabad; SRC, Coimbatore; RBG, Kew (as Indian Botanical Liaison officer); presently working at CNH, Howrah. Botanist Andaman & Nicobar Regional Centre, PortBlair (1997-2001) Study of floristic & ecological aspects of Ritchie’s Archipelago (incl. Rani Jhansi Marine National Park, 1998- 2000) and Kalpong Hydro-electric project site (2000-01). The Kalpong HEP study jointly made with Dr. P.V. Sreekumar, the then Scientist of ANRC. Flora of Andaman & Nicobar Islands (vol. II) Myrtaceae to Alangiaceae (16+3 = 19 families) (co-authored by L.N. Ray and P.S.N. Rao) Alangiaceae, Apiaceae, Araliaceae, Barringtoniaceae, Begoniaceae, Cactaceae, Caricaceae, Cornaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Datiscaceae, Lecythidaceae, Lythraceae, Melastomataceae, Memecylaceae, Myrtaceae, Onagraceae, Passifloraceae, Punicaceae, and Sonneratiaceae Mangroves of Andaman & Nicobar Islands 32 species recognized out of 35 reported (all species found in Andaman group; only15 from Nicobar group). Added – Xylocarpus gangeticus (Prain) Parkinson (not included by Dagar et al. (1991) and Dagar & Singh (1999); Banerjee (2002) in his Indian account) Excluded – Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poiret, Cynometra ramiflora L. (not found in India), Rhizophora x lamarckii Mont., and Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham. Vernacular names of A & N Island Plants The plants’ vernacular names used by the tribes of these islands along with their uses were compiled and submitted (500 pp.).
  • Flore Des Mascareignes (La Réunion, Maurice, Rodrigues)

    Flore Des Mascareignes (La Réunion, Maurice, Rodrigues)

    FLORE DES MASCAREIGNES LA RÉUNION, MAURICE, RODRIGUES 109. COMPOSÉES FLORE DES MASCAREIGNES LA RÉUNION, MAURICE, RODRIGUES COMITÉ DE RÉDACTION J. BOSSER J. GUÉHO, C. JEFFREY 109. COMPOSÉES PRÉPARÉE SOUS LA DIRECTION DE R. ANTOINE J. BOSSER LK. FERGUSON PUBLIÉE PAR THE SUGAR INDUSTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, MAURITIUS L'INSTITUT FRANÇAIS DE RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT EN COOPÉRATION (ORSTOM), PARIS THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW Décembre 1993 Mise en page: Renée LECOUFFE 109. COMPOSÉES Photo J. Cylindrocline commersonii Casso Endémique de Maurice. Photo w. Stralnn. Photo 2. Fauj acia salicifolia (Pcrx.) Jeffrey. Endémique de la Réunion. Photo J. Bosser. 109. COMPOSÉES FLORE DES MASCAREIGNES 109. COMPOSÉES par D. J. N. Hind*, C. Jeffrey* et A. J. Scott* Herbes, sous-arbrisseaux, arbrisseaux ou moins souvent arbres, parfois lianes, rarement plantes aquatiques ou épiphytes, parfois plantes succulentes. Tissus à canaux schizogènes résineux ou à laticifères articulés. Très souvent présence de polyfructosanes (en particulier de l'inuline), de polyacétylènes et de lactones ses­ quiterpéniques; certaines espèces à alcaloïdes pyrrolizidiques. Feuilles alternes ou opposées, rarement verticillées, généralement simples mais souvent lobées ou divi­ sées. Inflorescence, un capituleentouré par un involucre formé d'une ou de plusieurs séries de bractées protectrices, les capitules solitaires parfois au sommet de tiges aphylles (scapes) ou en petit nombre ou très nombreux en inflorescences cymeuses, ou souvent corymbiformes, de types variés,