Annual Report 2018 IST Austria scientists by The Scientists country of previous institution Austria 15.6% Germany 13.8% USA 11.1% of IST Austria UK 7.2% Spain 4.5% France 4.5% Italy 4.2% Scientists come from all over the world to conduct Switzerland 3.6% research at IST Austria. This map provides an overview Czech Republic 3.3% China 3.0% of the nationalities on campus. Russia 2.7% India 2.4% Other 24.1%

North America Europe Asia Canada Austria Afghanistan Mexico Belgium China USA Bosnia and India Herzegovina Iran Bulgaria Israel Croatia Japan Cyprus Jordan Czech Republic Nepal Denmark Palestine Estonia Russia Finland Turkey France Vietnam Germany Greece Hungary Italy Lithuania Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Serbia IST Austria scientists by nationality Slovakia Austria 15.6% Slovenia Germany 11.1% Spain Italy 5.7% South America Sweden Russia 5.1% Argentina Switzerland China 4.8% Bolivia Slovakia 4.5% UK Brazil Hungary 4.2% Ukraine India 4.2% Chile Poland 3.3% Colombia Czech Republic 3.3% France 3.0% Spain 2.7% UK 2.4% Oceania United States 2.4% Australia Other 27.7% Content

Introduction Outreach & Events 4 Foreword by the President 70 Outreach and 6 Board Member Statements Science Education 72 Scientific Discourse Institute Development 8 10 Years IST Austria IST Austria's Future 18 A Decade of Growth 76 Technology Transfer 20 A Decade of Science 78 Donors 26 IST Austria at a Glance 28 Campus Life 81 Facts & Figures

Education & Career 30 Career Options at IST Austria 32 PhD Students at IST Austria 38 Interns at IST Austria 40 Postdocs at IST Austria 42 IST Austria Alumni 44 New Professors

Research & Work 48 Biology 50 Computer Science 52 Mathematics 54 Neuroscience 56 Physics 60 Scientific Service Units 62 Staff Scientists 66 Administration 2 3 Foreword

Thomas A. Henzinger President, IST Austria

Almost ten years ago, in June 2009, our campus in Remaining at the forefront of science requires cutting- Klosterneuburg was officially inaugurated and opened edge equipment and services. One of our largest its doors to welcome the first staff and scientists, investments so far, the Nobel prize-winning technology embarking on a path towards the ambitious goal of of cryo-electron microscopy, will be available for use becoming a beacon for scientific excellence in Austria on campus in early 2019. and worldwide. 2019 will be a year of celebration for us, as well as a year of reflection and planning, as we enter Construction on campus is progressing as planned. In the next phase of the Institute’s development. October, IST Austria held the groundbreaking ceremony for Lab Building Five, the future home of chemistry labo- The past decade has seen the campus grow into a pro- ratories, the Graduate School, and the Institute’s library. ductive, vibrant center for basic research of the highest Also, the winning projects for the sixth science building quality, as evidenced by the very encouraging figures and a campus visitor center were selected this year. The in this year’s annual Nature Index survey. Of all research latter will be the future home of the Institute’s outreach institutions established within the last 30 years, IST and educational activities; these will comprise a broad Austria is ranked eighth among the “rising stars” of the program including the hosting of school visits and world, the only institution outside of Asia to appear in the organization of regular events such as the Science the top ten. Another positive sign is our faculty’s con- Education Day, which took place for the first time in tinuing success in acquiring funding from the European 2018. Our technology transfer activities are also ramping Research Council (ERC), the premier funding source up: the construction of the IST Technology Park is for basic research in the EU. With 50% of the grant progressing rapidly, and the Institute’s incubator fund applications awarded, IST Austria has by far the highest is supporting its first two start-up companies. success rate in Europe among all research institutions hosting more than 30 ERC grantees. Currently, about This year has given us many reasons to be confident two thirds of our faculty have obtained at least one about the future of IST Austria. At the same time, we ERC grant, including two Starting Grants awarded in continue to depend on the strong support of our public 2018 to computer scientist Dan Alistarh and physicist and private partners. We are grateful to all donors, Mikhail Lemeshko. With Herbert Edelsbrunner, the supporters, and friends of IST Austria, especially the Institute hosts already the third Wittgenstein Award— Federal Minister of Science, Education, and Research, the highest honor of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF)— Heinz Faßmann, and the Governor of Lower Austria, in its first ten years. Johanna Mikl-Leitner, who have shown their steadfast commitment to our ambitious plans and to the Institute’s The campus community continues to grow: around 700 founding principles of excellence, internationality, and scientists and staff are currently employed, among them independence. The coming decade will present new four new faculty members. These new group leaders milestones to reach and new challenges to overcome, strengthen the Institute’s research profile in number and achieving our aspirations will also depend on theory, neurobiology, quantum physics, and soft-matter engaging new partners. With supporters both old and physics. The past year also saw two successful tenure new, we are eager to take on these challenges and con- evaluations: biologist Călin Guet and mathematician tinue to work towards becoming a globally recognized Uli Wagner were promoted to full professors. institution for basic science and doctoral education in Austria. In June, we celebrated the achievements of 18 new PhDs. In the past decade, a total of 60 students have obtained their doctoral degrees and left the Institute to pursue their next career steps. Our growing network of alumni have taken on positions in over 30 different countries, from Australia to Poland, and at organizations including Harvard University and Google.

4 5 Haim Harari Catherine Cesarsky

Chair of the Executive Committee of the Board of Trustees, IST Austria, since 2006 Member of the Board of Trustees, IST Austria, since 2006; Former President, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel member of the Scientific Board, IST Austria, 2007–2009 Chief Scientific Advisor, Former High Commissioner for Atomic Energy, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

More than fifty years ago, Sixth, permission to train students and grant degrees I was invited to participate in groups and play a role in the hiring of junior scientists. I began my studies towards in PhD and MSc programs. Seventh, no external political the Board of IST Austria very Soon, we realized that it took time and persuasion to an MSc degree at the Weizmann or business interference in the science and management early on, in 2006. I received convince senior professors to leave their institutions Institute in Israel. I have been of the organization. Eighth, an optimal rate of growth, the visionary report by Haim Harari, and move to the IST Austria campus, and thus the pace associated with that institute as a PhD allowing the creation of a critical mass in one new area Olaf Kübler, and Hubert Markl, and was of growth of the Institute could be compromised. We student, a young professor, department head, dean, after another, without compromising quality for the sake tremendously impressed with it. The report took decided to proceed faster than originally planned with president for 13 years, founder of several new enterprises of rapid growth. Ninth, contributing to the national and inspiration from the best proven practices of institutions the hiring of junior scientists, still keeping the original in and around it, and now as a partly retired, partly international economy and to human development, by from around the world—hiring practices like those at very high standards and betting on their promise as active “institute professor”. During those years, exploiting intellectual property created by the institute ETH Zurich, career paths similar to the US university future leaders. In the end, it worked out. Now that the I have sampled numerous European and American scientists, without allowing it to redirect research system, technology transfer and fundraising as pursued faculty of the Institute comprises more than 50 profes- research organizations, serving in many different capaci- programs away from basic science. Tenth, contributing by the Weizmann Institute of Science, and so on—and sors and assistant professors, it has become much ties and activities. I committed endless errors, learned to society in a variety of other ways, primarily by used them to shape a beautifully coherent proposal. easier to continue expanding the faculty. The excellence many lessons, and even took some successful steps advancing science education for young and old and Another essential ingredient was the independence of the hiring, at all levels, is reflected in the fact that and decisions. Among other countries, I became familiar bringing an awareness of science to every mind. of the Institute. I had been involved in many advisory IST Austria is the institute with the highest proportion of with the basic research landscape of Austria, and family committees of university departments and research ERC grantees, and by far, the highest rate of acceptance reasons attached me further to the country. When, at the In many ways, this blueprint is an approximate descrip- centers, but this was the first time I had a chance to of ERC proposals, among those institutes with over beginning of the new millennium, Anton Zeilinger started tion of the Weizmann Institute, an outstanding multidis- see an ambitious science institute born ex nihilo. I was 30 ERC grants. The Graduate School is also thriving, campaigning for the creation of a new outstanding basic ciplinary basic research institute (but not at all the best intrigued and excited by the prospect, and I accepted. and has granted more than 60 PhD degrees. research institute in Austria, I was not surprised that the in the world), with its own graduate degree programs, The Board, run with skill and determination by Claus planning team consulted me. However, when the project international flavor, and highly diversified sources of Raidl, and comprising top scientists from Austria and Ten years after its creation, IST Austria is an undisputed nearly collapsed, for administrative and political reasons, funding. It is also an absolute world leader in contri­ the world, was always congenial and effective. I was success. All the original goals have been achieved and I was amazed to find myself as the chair of the new buting to science education and in creating jobs with, particularly pleased to see that the role of basic research surpassed; the scientific output is of the utmost quality. international team that had to redesign and restart the and benefitting from its own intellectual property. in shaping the future always was taken for granted here. Austria as a nation and Lower Austria in particular can project, and later as an active member of its Board of IST Austria is, in some aspects, an approximate replica legitimately boast about hosting a world-class institute Trustees. of that success story, and in important other respects, At the beginning, there was no Institute, so we met in in fundamental research, whose visibility will only contin- a brand new model for others. various places in Vienna and visited the site just before ue to grow. As for me, I have been fascinated all along So, you want to create an outstanding new institute the work on the grounds and buildings started. We by the development of the Institute. I am glad to have for basic research. What are the “must” components? The above ten-course menu is a tall order, but that is spent time discussing topics such as the name and been able to take part in this exciting endeavor. First, absolute top quality, defining a high threshold what IST Austria was supposed to do, and happily, that logo, the choice of disciplines… When the search for below which no scientist can join the institute. Second, is exactly what it has already partly done, with a few professors was launched, I was part of the first Scientific a commitment to allow and enable each outstanding items in the above list still works in progress. In 2019, Board involved in this endeavor. From the very start, the researcher to pursue his or her preferred research we are 17 years after conception, 13 years after the standards were incredibly high, only stellar researchers program and goals, using the best facilities and instru- creation of the blueprint, and 10 years after inaugurating had a chance of joining the Institute. Later on, the big mentation. Third, a broad mélange of scientific fields, the first research buildings and facilities. It has been topic, of course, was the search for the first president. covering many areas of science, including, but not only, a real success story, but the road ahead is still long, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary endeavors. Fourth, winding, and treacherous. It is a story with many heroes, There again, a remarkable personality, Thomas Henzinger, an international atmosphere, collaborations, guest and far too numerous to be counted here by name, and very was found and accepted the responsibility for developing travel programs, and a dominant working language. few villains, and it has the clear potential of establishing the Institute; this again was a most felicitous selection. Fifth, ample, but not exaggerated, operating and con- a true new European lighthouse of basic research, for At the beginning, the intention was to first hire a set of struction budgets, with diversified sources of funding. the benefit of humanity. established professors and let them build up their

6 7 “The path from curiosity-driven research to practical inventions, which change the world, is often unpre­dictable.

But all such results emerge from the work of outstanding individuals, who lead research teams and are allowed and encouraged to pursue their own self-defined scientific goals.”

Excerpt from the founding document of IST Austria, written by Haim Harari, Olaf Kübler, and Hubert Markl

8 9 Excerpts from the founding document of IST Austria, written by Haim Harari, Olaf Kübler, and Hubert Markl

“Scientific research has always been a rewarding intellectual activity. But in the last few decades, scientific knowledge has also become a leading economic asset. Today, sustainable human development depends on a successful research program, starting with a top quality effort in basic science.”

“Today, the successful pursuit of scientific knowledge is not only an exciting intellectual endeavor. It is also an absolute necessity for any country wishing to achieve economic success and a sustainable advanced way of life.”

“High quality research will inevitably lead to usable practical results, but we can predict neither the time scale, nor the direction, in which this will happen. In addition to direct consequences such as patents, new technologies and new applications of old processes, one may encounter the creation of entire new ‘schools of thought’, local ‘dynasties’ of excellent scientists in a given field and industrial areas based on newly acquired scientific and technological excellence.”

10 11 12 Guest Commentaries

Claus J. Raidl Alice Dautry Helga Nowotny Anton Zeilinger

Chair of the Board of Trustees, Member of the Board Former President, Vice Chair of the Board of Trustees, IST Austria, since 2006 of Trustees, IST Austria, since 2006 European Research Council IST Austria, 2006-2016; member of President, Österreichische Nationalbank, Former President, Institut Pasteur, the Executive Committee of the Board Vienna (until August 2018) Paris IST Austria has become the premier of Trustees, IST Austria, 2006-2013 league place for science in Austria with Professor of Physics Emeritus, The idea to create a new academic institution for international scientific community will profit from its IST Austria has had the rare chance of the highest density of ERC grantees in a University of Vienna; President, basic research in Austria, originally introduced by output and alumni. Giving back locally also means starting a really new institute, one based on European host institution. With admirable Austrian Academy of Sciences; Anton Zeilinger, was widely discussed in politics and reaching out to the Austrian public by communicating the vision of its founders, which sets forth consistency it continues the planned expan- Senior Group Leader, Institute of academia, drawing both intrigue and fascination. I was results and acting as a role model in science manage- that quality and talent guide all decisions, sion and consolidation, attracting some of Quantum Optics and Quantum similarly drawn to it early on and made my endorsement ment. and one that has had the strong support the world’s best talents. Its success is due Information, Austrian Academy of clear from the beginning, speaking with some of the of the governments of Austria and Lower to the unwavering commitment to scientific Sciences main players in both politics and industry. Once the I have always been proud to be involved in such a Austria. What seemed a dream ten years excellence and the firm belief in, as Abram visionary blueprint document outlining the necessary courageous and visionary project—though its steep ago has become a success beyond this Flexner put it, “the usefulness of useless In only 10 years, IST Austria has established steps in establishing such an institution (later aptly trajectory towards success has surprised even me. dream: a beautiful institute, full of talents knowledge”. Congratulations! itself as one of the top new institutions referred to as the “road map” for IST Austria) was The fact that so much has been achieved in a mere from all over the world, who work in a worldwide in its field of activity. The idea published—authored by Haim Harari, Olaf Kübler, decade—measured for instance by the number of ERC supportive and encouraging environment to found IST Austria as a postgraduate and Hubert Markl—I was excited and honored to be grantees among faculty—is nothing short of astounding. and benefit from cutting-edge technology. research institute proved to be the right asked to chair its Board of Trustees. Ten years ago, nobody would have thought that IST An institute with energy, and with governing concept. Moreover, the accomplishments Austria would already rank among the world’s leading rules based on the best practices of research of IST Austria confirm once again that hiring The most important factors of success for the Institute— centers for basic research. The progress of the Institute institutions worldwide. Congratulations— the very best and giving them the opportunity then, now, and in the future—are complete institutional has far exceeded my expectations and I am humbled keep developing and becoming one of the to realize their ideas and visions is an age- freedom without external encroachment of any kind, to play a small part in its success story. top research institutions in the world! old rule for success. It is a pleasure to visit along with long-term financing. The Institute’s main the lively campus full of enthusiastic young role on a global scale is to conduct excellent curiosity- people. driven basic research and educate the next generation of scientists, which in turn gives back to society on a national and local level. The Austrian economy and

14 15 The founding of IST Austria was not without conflict. IST Austria is quite an extraordinary story of success. When Anton Zeilinger called for the creation of an The idea to establish such a research institute was not “elite university” in 2002, heated discussions began. generated “at the top”, i.e. within the government or In 2005, however, Chancellor Schüssel and Finance the universities, but came from science and industry Minister Grasser pledged the financial resources and representatives who saw the need for an additional— charged me with the implementation of this project. and badly needed—impetus to the Austrian research The Province of Lower Austria offered the Gugging landscape. It was an easy task to convince Elisabeth area in Klosterneuburg, the City of Vienna also offered Gehrer, Martin Bartenstein and Karlheinz Grasser, then two locations. The decision in favour of the current Federal Ministers of Education, Science and Culture, campus in Klosterneuburg was made in 2006 owing Economic Affairs, and Finance, respectively. In addition, to the possibility of developing a large campus and with the Federation of Austrian Industries, who showed the pledged financial support from the Province of impressive effort and lobbying work, the idea had soon Lower Austria. I followed Austria’s bold endeavor to establish a gained support from within the private sector as well. world-class institution for basic science right from the As then Head of the Government, I would not have As a result of this decision, three members left beginning and must say that I was deeply impressed dared to follow this concept without this strong the planning group. But Claus Raidl of the IV and during my recent visit about what had been achieved commitment from the industry sector. It was clear, President Harari got involved in the planning and in such a short time. All ingredients to further develop however, that the liaison of basic research and applied were committed to the project’s realization. this remarkable success story are there: creative, technology would play a crucial role in the shaping I am very pleased that despite all initial quarrels, international researchers of exceptional quality— The idea behind IST Austria was to establish of our future. The question remained, where such an IST Austria has developed excellently and that the unambiguously shown by the success rate at the cutting-edge research in Austria. As rather unusual institute could be located. Various Federal States— critics are on board again. I wish you all the best for European Research Council—, state-of-the art “ingredients”—for Austria—this recipe included among them Styria, Vienna and Lower Austria—had your research activities, conducted together with infrastructure, and a beautiful campus providing long-term financial planning, public and private expressed their interest. Erwin Pröll, then Governor highly motivated young scientists. a vibrant environment for scientific creativity at financing, as well as complete independence and of Lower Austria, turned out to be the most courageous world-class level. Tom Henzinger and his team are freedom for the Institute. IST Austria has more than and determined. Not only did he present a beautiful Elisabeth Gehrer now in a unique position to enter the next stage fulfilled my expectations: it is not a given to be location for the new campus, he also offered to Federal Minister of Education, Science, and Culture 1995–2007 of their fascinating journey. established within the “global top league” after co-finance the project. only 10 years in operation. Otmar D. Wiestler Several years later, I can confidently say that our President, Helmholtz Association Director, German Cancer Research Centre 2004-2015 To succeed in the global competition, Austria and visions and expectations have not only been fully met, Europe need massive efforts and investment in but exceeded. IST Austria’s management around research, development, and innovation. The model Thomas Henzinger appears outstanding, the members of IST Austria is a shining example and should be of the Board of Trustees—among others, Haim Harari, positioned in the European community. Claus Raidl, Eric Kandel, Alice Dautry, and Catherine Cesarsky—have been excellent advisors and mentors. Wilhelm Molterer Several hundred world-class scientists conduct research Managing Director, European Fund for Strategic Investments and work at IST Austria, the resulting publications are When IST Austria was founded, I had no experience Vice Chancellor of Austria and Minister of Finance 2007-2008 well-recognized, the establishment of a technology whatsoever with such an institute. But why shouldn’t park for start-ups is in process, and long-term funding it work out? The idea to establish such an institute is secured. I hereby would like to express my gratitude, in a region where four countries —Hungary, Slovakia, congratulations and best wishes for the future. Czech Republic, and Austria— meet was fascinating,

but time was of the essence, if Austria wanted to be Wolfgang Schüssel the one founding such an institute, which could Federal Chancellor of Austria 2000–2007 legitimately expect to receive support from the EU. The implementation of the concept would not have been possible without the help of the Weizmann Institute, and without Wolfgang Schüssel, his curiosity, and his strength in implementation, Austria would be poorer by one success story. Today, the whole of Austria, not only the scientific community, can be proud of this project.

Veit Sorger Chairman, Supervisory Board Mondi AG President, Federation of Austrian Industries 2004-2012

16 17 Looking back… will be the home of the chemistry labs, the Graduate On June 1, 2009, the IST Austria campus opened with School, and the Library. A sixth laboratory building A Decade 37 employees and great ambitions. The campus com- is in the planning stage; the winning architectural prised the Central Building, intended for the theoretical design was selected in 2018. sciences, and the Raiffeisen Lecture Hall, an architectural of Growth landmark that would provide a platform for scientific The Institute has a mission to engage the public with exchange, as well as the voestalpine Building, home to science through outreach and educational programs. the Institute’s administration. The four faculty members The hub for these activities will be the future Visitor consisted of three computer scientists and one evolu- Center, which will also serve as a central meeting and tionary biologist, and three more biologists were expect- information point for everyone who comes to campus. ed over the course of 2010. Over the years, infrastruc- Architect and design for this project were also selected ture has expanded to include three additional laboratory during 2018. and office buildings, two scientific facility buildings, and a second administration building, as well as structures Another key point in the founding document of the dedicated to improving campus life and community—a Institute is the importance of technology transfer. To cafeteria, more than 100 apartments, and a kindergarten, facilitate interaction between scientists and companies, among others. The faculty has increased from four to 52 the IST Park, located across the street from the main professors under contract. The research landscape has campus, is being constructed. In the future, several also broadened: currently, 16 professors conduct research buildings providing offices, lab space, and advanced in mathematics and computer science, 26 focus on the technical infrastructure will be available to research- life sciences, including biology and neuroscience, and intensive enterprises. In the ten years since the opening of the campus, the Institute has reached 10 work in physics and chemistry. The growth in campus infrastructure reflects the many milestones—in research, in recruitment, in construction, and concerning ...and looking forward expected growth in the number of scientists and staff grants and fundraising. Much has already been achieved and IST Austria The first decade of IST Austria has been marked by rapid at IST Austria: by 2026, the number of employees will growth, and the second decade promises to continue exceed 1000, including about 90 research groups, continues to have big visions for the future, embarking on the next decade this trend. In October of 2018, the Institute held the which are expected to cover the research fields of with a steadfast commitment to creating an institute of world-class science, groundbreaking ceremony for the fifth laboratory mathematics and computer science, life sciences, building. Lab Building Five, as it is currently known, and physical sciences. facilities, and training.

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 37 employees >100 >200 >300 >400 >500 >600 employees employees employees employees employees employees 4 professors >10 > 20 >30 >40 professors professors professors professors first PhD students >50 >100 >200 admitted PhD students PhD students PhD students first PhD awarded >10 >20 >40 >60 (to a transfer student) PhDs awarded PhDs awarded PhDs awarded PhDs awarded >100 >200 >500 >1’000 >2'000 publications publications publications publications publications >10 >20 >30 ERC grants ERC grants ERC grants >€10 million >€50 million in >€100 million in in donations third-party funds third-party funds Raiffeisen Lecture Hall Bertalanffy Foundation Lab Building East Lab and groundbreaking of opened & Building opened & opened Office Building West Lab Building 5 start of theoretical start of experimental opened research research Bioimaging Facility Preclinical Facility Electron Microscopy Nanofabrication Facility & Machine Shop opened opened opened opened

first first first investment patent filed TWIST fellow by IST Cube & groundbreaking of IST Park

first first first first public IST Lecture & Science Industry Talk Science Industry Day Science Education Day first Open Campus Day

18 19 A Decade of Science Moving disc video reconstructed from rat retinal neuron signals Tkačik group Brilliant minds are the foundation of a graduate institute with the goal of Neurons in the mammalian retina transform light becoming one of the top research institutions for basic science worldwide. patterns into electrical signals that are transmitted to IST Austria has therefore put great effort into recruiting the best scientists from the brain. Reconstructing light patterns from neuronal signals, a process known as decoding, can help reveal all over the world—with proven success. The following gives an overview of the what kind of information these signals carry. However, many high-quality contributions as well as a few research snapshots from most decoding efforts to date have used simple stimuli and have relied on small numbers (fewer than 50) of IST Austria scientists. retinal neurons. In a new study, scientists in the Tkačik IST Austria was created to provide an environment for group and their collaborators examined a small patch of excellent scientists to conduct outstanding research. about 100 neurons taken from the retina of a rat. They The Institute has no set research agenda; it chooses its recorded the electrical signals produced by each neuron scientific fields based on the availability of top scientists in response to short movies of small discs moving in a in various fields and provides them with the resources to complex, random pattern. Then, using machine-learning follow their curiosity into the unknown, the unexpected, techniques, they were able to reconstruct the movie from and the unconventional. The first decade of science at the signals. Not only could their work pave the way to Number of scientists Publications IST Austria has demonstrated the value and great improved decoding methods and a better understanding per year per year potential of this founding policy: the faculty consists of what different types of retinal neurons do and why (under contract as of December 31 of 52 exceptional scientists, who, with their groups, they are needed, it showcases how modern statistical of the respective year) the Scientific Service Units, and external collaborators, and machine learning methods can be employed to gain have pushed boundaries, made breakthroughs, and new insights and testable hypotheses about biological 413 collectively published over 2’000 works. systems. 362 The group leaders for the research snapshots presented Making waves here—Eva Benková, Gašper Tkačik, and Chris Wojtan— Wojtan group are three of the 11 professors who have undergone successful tenure evaluations at the Institute. How can we simulate natural phenomena not only realistically, but also time- and cost-effectively? Hormonal cross-talk in plants Professor Chris Wojtan has spent much of his research Benková group career doing exactly that, and his work has resulted in fundamental new algorithms that allow for convincing While animals can depart for friendlier terrain when visualizations while reducing memory usage and an environment turns hostile, plants are literally rooted computing time. One of his particular focuses is water to the ground, and must therefore adapt to changing waves: current water wave simulations are based on 26 conditions. In particular, they change their development, one of two available methods. “Spectral” methods are 17 for instance by growing in a different direction, or putting efficient, but cannot model complicated interactions, out new roots and leaves. Plants regulate their develop- whereas “finite difference” methods can simulate a wide 2009 2018 2009 2018 ment using hormones, which allow them to adjust rapidly range of such effects, but are much more expensive to cues such as light, temperature, and nutrition. The computationally. As a result, scenes with details at the two primary hormones regulating plant development level of tiny waves and with environmental interactions have been identified—auxin and cytokinin—, but they at the level of kilometer-long islands were either do not act separately, and the network of interactions impossible or completely impractical. Recently, Wojtan Number of professors per year connecting them is extremely complex. Eva Benková and his collaborators developed a simulation method (under contract as of December 31 of the respective year) and her group seek to understand how these hormonal that bridges the gap between these methods, and 52 networks are established, maintained, and modulated. makes that breadth of scale and range possible— Recently, they were able to locate several key points in real time. Their method, which required a deep under- at which hormonal signaling pathways converge to standing of the underlying physics to develop, also control plant growth and development. As Earth’s climate allows graphic designers to easily create a variety of undergoes rapid changes, plants must be able to better artistic effects that were previously unattainable or 7 adapt. The group’s research helps identify mechanisms extremely expensive computationally, such as objects for better adaptation, with possible applications in agri- landing realistically in water, or water reflecting off the 2009 2018 culture and conservation. sides of a moving boat.

20 21 Pioneering Spirits

Evolutionary biologist Nick Barton and mathematician Herbert Edelsbrunner were two of the first faculty members to join IST Austria. Here, they talk about their motivations for coming to IST Austria, their experiences during the first decade of the Institute’s existence, and potential next steps and challenges. builds communication between groups. Postdocs may Edelsbrunner: In the general education system, stu- come with the aim of working with multiple groups, dents are trained in a particular field, and then it takes whilst through their required rotations, graduate stu- effort to go outside that field. Our students and post- dents spread their ideas and knowledge throughout the docs experience a very mixed environment, however, Institute, stimulating interdisciplinarity. The campus of which facilitates such transitions: these opportunities the Institute also plays a role: I came to do evolutionary are open to them. biology, and Vienna has top people in this field. But I ended up talking far more to people at IST Austria, What are you looking forward to in the next ten because you discover not only interesting research, years? What do you see as the challenges ahead? but other research cultures as well. This only happened Edelsbrunner: IST Austria has big dreams and big because we were all put together at this new institute— ideas—and a short timeline in which to achieve them. and it continues today, through the constant exposure We’re still a small institution in a sea of universities, to other fields and ideas. Our internal funding structure but the Institute is unique, and I believe that it will greatly has also played a big role in the development. We impact industry and science because of original scientific receive a core budget, which allows for continuity— ideas that would be difficult to develop elsewhere. In you can hire people without the uncertainty of particular, as education becomes more unified, it cuts dependence on a specific grant. off connections that are visible at IST Austria. Barton: As we nearly double in size over the next eight What role does risk-taking play at the Institute, to ten years, we will need to maintain the balance be- especially in recruitment and research? tween getting things done quickly and efficiently, which Barton: I think it’s something we should be doing: requires delegation, and flexibility, which means avoiding we should give chances to people we think can do great artificial divisions between different groups. Practices things. It was certainly easier to do this at the beginning, that were successful when we were small may no longer when the Institute was smaller—it will be a challenge work, or will work in a different way. However, a lot of to maintain the ability to take risks as we grow larger. the structures we put into place at the beginning have Edelsbrunner: We should take risks, but not randomly. continued to function, and I think we can build on and I think of us as being in a very high-dimensional space, adapt what we’ve already created. of which we can only see a very low-dimensional part. Edelsbrunner: I’ve been surprised at how well every- Taking risks means going off in a direction we can’t see thing has worked out so far. I think that’s fairly unusual, and don’t know or understand yet. You may not reach and I’m crossing my fingers that it continues like this— anything, but taking these risks is rational in the sense but we should not take it for granted. that there is an enormous amount of potential out there, Barton: Yes, complacency is something to watch Why did you decide to join the Institute? emphasis on fundamental research particularly resonat- and I think we are building up the expertise on campus out for. We have to keep thinking about how we’re Barton: In 2008, I was looking for opportunities to come ed with me. In my own career, I’ve found that the more to take risks responsibly. developing, and how we should continue. to Vienna, as it is extremely strong in evolutionary biolo- theoretical my work became, the more applicable it Edelsbrunner: In fact, many things are uncertain and gy. By chance, I found out about IST Austria—which, at was, the more useful in industry and other situations. In what ways do you see the Institute as having an fluctuating—politics in particular comes to mind—so the time, hadn’t opened yet—, applied, and was hired as impact? I think it important that the Institute remains strong the first professor. What particularly drew me to the In- What do you think are the key aspects that have Barton: In general, the Institute provides a model for in its direction and its values. stitute was the founding document, which laid out the shaped the development of IST Austria? how one can organize research. For instance, we have a importance of curiosity-driven research, something re- Edelsbrunner: The existence of the Graduate School tenure-track system, which is rare in Austria, and could freshing and inspiring at a time when the UK research has played a significant role—at one point, we even dis- serve as an example for other institutes and universities. councils were becoming ever more bureaucratic. cussed whether or not we would teach. Now, it seems Also, the graduate school and the postdoc program bring Edelsbrunner: I myself am Austrian, and was interested obvious that we should: we wanted to be able to take people from all over the world—often, they choose to in returning to Europe from the US. After talking to local students without a master’s, and allow them to switch stay in Austria, which enriches and strengthens the whole universities, I wasn’t sure what opportunities Austria disciplines, and for that, you need courses. Now, we system. Then, we make an impact by sending people could offer, but then Haim Harari contacted me about are able to give young scientists a chance, if we think who have lived and researched in this environment out IST Austria. Everything about it, how it was planned, they’re bright enough and willing to work for it. into the world. It’s not just the research that is produced what it was striving for, was attractive. Like Nick, the Barton: Moreover, the way we recruit young scientists at the Institute, but the people that are “produced” here.

22 23 Building an Environment for Creative Ideas

24 25 IST Austria at a Glance

The Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria) is a PhD-granting Founding Principles research institution dedicated to cutting-edge research in the physical, mathematical, computer, and life sciences. IST Austria was established in 2006 by the Federal Government of Austria and the Government of Lower Austria. The campus opened in 2009 in the city of Klosterneuburg, on the outskirts of Vienna. The Institute was founded based on a set of eight principles, which were first formulated by Haim Harari, Olaf Kübler, and Hubert Markl, who distilled them from the most successful systems and ideas for research institutes worldwide.

Student admissions Faculty recruiting 416 scientists Curiosity-driven International Interdisciplinary PhD-granting basic research IST Austria brings together Research on campus is not IST Austria pioneers a new in 2018 in 2018 (as of December 31, 2018) Scientists pursue their scientists and staff from all divided by departments or kind of graduate education Applications 1’407 Applications 1’353 PhD students 185 interests without limits or over the world; employees boundaries; communication with one Institute-wide Student offers made 89 Faculty offers made 8 Postdocs 158 use English as their working and collaboration are encour- PhD program. Student offers accepted 56 Faculty offers accepted 4 Professors 52 predefined research topics. Scientific interns 16 language. aged across scientific fields. Staff scientists 5

Career support Independent boards Exploiting results Diverse funding and development Trustees oversee the Institute; Excellent basic research sources Scientists at all levels more than half are interna- leads to unforeseen but The Institute is publicly and grow intellectually and tional scientists. Guidance useful discoveries, and privately financed. Scientists professionally. Professors and advice are also provided intellectual property and acquire third-party funds, hired early in their careers by the Scientific Board. technology transfer are donations to the Institute are on a tenure-track system. important objectives. are transferred to an endowment, and revenue from technology transfer is Total research grant funding acquired a long-term goal. (rounded; as of December 31, 2018)

ERC European Research Council €65’689’000 FWF Austrian Science Fund €23’498’000 Core Missions EU other €18’898’000 HFSP Human Frontier Science Program €2’754’000 ÖAW Austrian Academy of Sciences €2’072’000 DFG German Research Foundation €1’469’000 IST Austria is performance-oriented and only uses practices that have NOMIS Foundation €1’400’000 EMBO European Molecular Biology Organization €986’000 have proven successful elsewhere. The Institute’s founding principles NFB NÖ Forschung und Bildung €519’000 WWTF Vienna Science and Technology Fund €434’000 remain relevant today and continue to guide the growth and development Microsoft Research €359’000 of IST Austria as it works towards its core missions: ONR Office of Naval Research €326’000 SNF Swiss National Science Foundation €283’000 Simons Foundation €267’000 • perform world-class basic research BAYER €150’000 NSF National Science Foundation €119’000 • train the next generation of scientific leaders FFG Austrian Research Promotion Agency €96’000 • implement best practices for management in science Others €1’766’000 Total €121’084’000 • support science education and technology transfer

26 27 Campus Life

IST Austria is not only committed to excellence in research, it applies this high standard to its services for employees and visitors to campus alike. The Institute provides a range of amenities and facilities to create not only an outstanding place to conduct research, but also an outstanding place to work and live.

Nature and Recreation Housing Shuttle Bus

With the beautiful Vienna woods at the Many employees choose to live on campus Many employees also choose to live in Institute’s doorstep, staff and scientists can in the Institute-owned and -operated Klosterneuburg or Vienna. For the ease enjoy the scenery, hiking trails, the fresh air, apartments. Surrounded by nature, and just of their commute, an Institute shuttle and the quiet of an oasis away from the steps away from the lab and office buildings, bus travels from the U4 metro station bustle of a big city. The campus is home to these comprise over 100 residences, for Heiligenstadt via Klosterneuburg to several sports grounds, including tennis both families and individuals. For short-term IST Austria in only 22 minutes. courts and a soccer field, and also provides visitors, IST Austria also has a guesthouse equipment for bowling, table tennis, and located in the Central Building, where other recreational activities. individuals, couples, or families can reside for brief periods.

Work and Diversity Cafeteria Lifelong Institute-wide Family and Inclusion and Coffee Pub Learning Events

The balance between work and family life In view of the international mobility of scien- Cafeteria and coffee pub are not only places There are many opportunities for further In order to bring the campus community is a challenge for both employees and tists, measures for integration are important to have a meal or a drink, they also serve as development both on and off campus; these closer together, IST Austria organizes several employers. In order to support this balance, for the scientific success of the Institute gathering points for exchange and places are available to both staff and scientists. Institute-wide events throughout the year. IST Austria participates in “workandfamily” and its staff. Currently, about 65 nationalities where scientists and administrative employ- People Services organizes skills trainings These include a summer barbecue, at which audits with the Austrian Federal Ministry work and conduct research at IST Austria, ees can meet. The “Crazy Duck” coffee pub, throughout the year and is also responsible families and friends are also welcome, the of Women, Family, and Youth, which evalu- both in the scientific and administrative which is open in the evenings, also hosts for the Erasmus+ program, which helps to Institute Retreat, where employees have a ates companies on their family-friendliness fields. With the motto “diversity is a reality, numerous events, from science talks to fund employees who travel to organizations chance to get to learn about each other’s and helps them define and plan improve- inclusion is a choice”, IST Austria is proud game nights. in other countries for training purposes. work, and the Winter Bash, the Institute’s ments. To support staff and scientists with to be striving for a barrier-free campus, fo- Also, free on-campus German and English annual holiday party. children, IST Austria has an on-campus cusing on structural measures, establishing language courses are available to all and childcare center. Children as young as three a welcome culture, and increasing aware- contribute to the successful integration of months and up to elementary school age ness of interculturality and implicit bias. employees. Partners of employees or visiting can be enrolled in the “Froschkönig” child- scientists may join the German courses for care center, and enjoy educational activities, a small fee. field trips, a science club, and more.

28 29 Career Options at IST Austria

Career evaluation Tenure evaluation Career opportunities at IST Austria resemble the widely established stages Tenured of an international scientific career. However, not all these levels can be passed Professorships through in-house at IST Austria: PhD students and postdocs will pursue their next steps outside IST Austria. Employees in the Scientific Service Units and Administration are committed to creating the best possible environment Staff Scientist Assistant for world-class research. Next career step Positions Professorships outside IST Austria Advanced researchers interested in a tenured position in an outstanding work environment can apply for a Next career step tenured professorship. outside IST Austria

Applications are accepted year-round, but processed primarily after the end of the Staff scientists provide expertise not Early-career scientists seeking a annual call in early November. available within the research groups. tenure-track position with the freedom and resources to prove themselves can > www.ist.ac.at/jobs/open-positions Scientists with doctorates and relevant apply for an assistant professorship. experience can apply to open positions listed here: Applications are accepted year-round, but processed primarily after the end of the Postdoc Positions > www.ist.ac.at/jobs/open-positions annual call in early November.

> www.ist.ac.at/jobs/open-positions PhD Positions

Internships for Undergraduates Young researchers with a doctorate can enhance their careers and their CVs with a postdoc position at IST Austria. Students with a bachelor’s or master’s Scientific and Interested scientists can apply by Administrative seeking a PhD program that offers contacting professors directly, or by Technical Support breadth and depth can apply to the applying for an ISTplus grant. Positions Graduate School of IST Austria during Positions Current bachelor’s and master’s the annual call. > www.ist.ac.at/education/postdocs students have the chance to explore research through an internship at IST Application deadline is in January for a start Austria, which are offered year-round as in September of the same year. well as in the form of the summer Professionals in a variety of administrative areas—from Supporting experts provide research groups with

ISTernship program. > www.ist.ac.at/education/graduate-school accounting to outreach to technology transfer—support scientific and technical assistance. scientists and further the mission of the Institute. > www.ist.ac.at/education/internships > www.ist.ac.at/jobs/open-positions > www.ist.ac.at/jobs/open-positions

30 31 Training the Next Generation

Educating PhD students is a core mission of IST Austria. Its Graduate School offers a multidisciplinary PhD program that supports students in becoming experts in their fields while fostering communication and collaboration across research groups and disciplines.

World-class Education Core course Regardless of their track, all PhD students take the Insti- Now in its eighth year, the IST Austria Graduate School tute’s signature core course. This course is designed to provides training, support, and a shared experience for encourage communication between fields and to teach the 201 graduate students on campus. The past eight an understanding of how to gain knowledge from data. years have seen an expansion of the program in all its During the 2018 course, students were working in multi- aspects, and the 56 new students who arrived in fall disciplinary groups to tackle a problem related to large 2018—the largest cohort so far—will have a significantly biological datasets. They brought together concepts from different experience than the seven who made up the molecular biology, neuroscience, and bioinformatics, original class. as well as elements of computer and data science, and learned the language and terminology of the various The Institute was founded with the legal right and the fields along the way. The communication and collabora- intention to train young scientists and grant doctoral tion skills developed during the course will help students degrees. In 2010, faculty and management decided to to work across disciplines and communicate their work establish the IST Austria Graduate School to fulfill the to a wider audience, as well as increase their ability to core mission by recruiting gifted students from all over effectively take on open-ended questions. the world who will benefit from the scientific environment and state-of-the-art infrastructure the Institute has to Rotations offer. Since then, a rigorous curriculum has been devel- Three required rotations—short research projects oped and implemented for the PhD program, providing completed with different professors—give students the structure for a world-class educational system. the opportunity to explore several areas, broaden their knowledge, try out a variety of research styles, and Six tracks get to know potential doctoral supervisors. The stu- PhD students at IST Austria can choose from six dents’ freedom to tailor their rotations to fit their back- different tracks of study: biology, computer science, grounds and research interests—whether this entails a data science and scientific computing, mathematics, focus within one area or an open-minded exploration neuroscience, and physics. Many faculty members are of different fields—is one part of what makes the associated with multiple tracks, reflecting the interdisci- IST Austria PhD program unique and valuable. plinary nature of the research groups on campus, and allowing students to approach topics of interest from a Mentoring and support variety of angles. Each track has a set of mandatory Even after PhD students affiliate, the Graduate School courses that ensure that students gain the background continues to be a source of support and mentoring. they need to succeed in their area of choice. Designated In 2018, the “graduate student portfolio” was intro- track representatives are responsible for the curriculum duced: students maintain a document that accumulates as well as advising the PhD students associated with details about their activities during the year, such as each track. papers published, talks given, external research stays, conferences attended, and courses passed. In addition, the Graduate School coordinates several faculty mentors. These professors are available to all students to discuss any topic of concern or interest.

32 33 GRADUATE STUDENTS How to apply IST Austria is looking for highly motivated, exceptional students who are passionate about scientific research and have a drive to succeed. Students who have or will complete a bachelor’s or master’s degree by the time they begin their studies at IST Austria are invited to apply. The application dead- line is in January for a start in September of the same year. https://phd.ist.ac.at

Bor Kavčič Elena Redchenko

PhD student, Tkačik group PhD student, Fink group

Bor Kavčič first realized his love for basic Elena Redchenko completed her under­ research during his master’s studies at the graduate degree at the Moscow Institute of University of Ljubljana, where he investi- Science and Technology, where she studied, gated the biophysics of confined lipid vesi- from a theoretical perspective, the formation cles. As his project there had been highly and decay of collective states in ensembles interdisciplinary, Kavčič was eager to do of two-level systems. Selecting IST Austria his PhD at a research institution that would for her doctoral studies was not straight­ enable him to explore science outside of forward: Would such a new institution be Scientific Excellence Funding and grants for PhD students the strict limits often imposed by educa- the best choice? The research conditions Every PhD student is a full-time employee of IST Austria tional background. IST Austria offered such on campus and the quality of research being Continual growth and improvement for the duration of his/her studies. The ISTscholar PhD an opportunity, and here, he was given a done at the Institute, as well as what she As the number of graduate students continues to grow— program is co-funded by the European Union’s Horizon chance to work in a molecular biology could hope to accomplish here, were the in the future, the Institute expects to admit annual 2020 research and innovation program through a Marie lab—something completely outside of his aspects to guide her decision. After her cohorts of around 100 students—the Graduate School Skłodowska-Curie grant. Although the 2018 PhD open previous experience. In the Tkačik group, rotations, she affiliated with the Fink group, continues to expand and refine its structures as well call was the last call within the €4.4 million grant he employs the modeling and data analysis which investigates quantum effects in as its course offerings, to ensure that IST Austria PhD supplementing the costs of each student’s first two skills he had developed during his under- electrical, mechanical, and optical chip- students receive the best possible support and training. years, the PhD program will continue following the same graduate studies, as well as newly ac- based devices. Redchenko continues to layout. Thereafter, the doctoral supervisors support their quired experimental techniques, to study focus on collective states, but from the Specific measures include additional mathematics and students until the completion of their degrees. combined antibiotic action. Moreover, he experimental side, and now in systems programming courses for students in the life sciences, works to identify the different “knobs” of of superconducting qubit ensembles. a general skills curriculum, and coordination with local External funding schemes also have positive effects the protein synthesis machinery inside She is very happy with her decision to join universities. Moreover, the Graduate School works to on promising early-career researchers. Planning a bacterial cells. Kavčič credits much of his the Fink group: “Within the group, I can work maintain a sense of community and the willingness to multi-year research project and presenting it in a progress so far to the supportive and inter- on a project I love, and I have a unique communicate across disciplines while keeping to the proposal are crucial skills for a scientist. As a highlight disciplinary environment at IST Austria: opportunity to participate in all stages of high standards set by the Institute’s educational mission. of 2018, seven PhD students received highly “It is through discussions with professors scientific research—theory, fabrication, and competitive DOC stipends from the Austrian Academy and my peers that I have learned the most; experimentation. We have an excellent work Independent research of Sciences. The award, which is worth €38’500 per year talking to experienced people is of para- environment, and it is a pleasure to work Once students decide on their topic of research, they per stipend, will fund their PhD research for up to three mount importance to my daily work.” with the other people in the group.” take a qualifying exam and then affiliate with one or years. The 2018 awardees were Catarina Alcarva, Georg more research groups. They spend the next three to Arnold, Christina Artner, Rok Grah, Amir Goharshady, four years pursuing independent research and working Katarzyna Kuzmicz, and Rouven Schulz. towards their PhD theses. Students are encouraged to disseminate their work by presenting at conferences Scientific integrity and ethics and by publishing papers. So far, IST Austria graduate Ethics considerations are important in scientific research. students have (co-)authored nearly 250 original works. All PhD students must fill out a self-assessment form to ensure that the highest ethical standards in research Two students and their research projects are presented are adhered to. Specific trainings, including a course here; more student profiles can be found on the addressing proper scientific conduct, are offered during The ISTScholar PhD program has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Graduate School website: https://phd.ist.ac.at the PhD program. the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 665385.

34 35 Diverse Experiences of Graduate Students Outreach and teaching Communication is a key skill for any scientist as well Graduate students not only make up the largest group as for any other profession. Graduate students develop on campus, they are one of the most diverse, both in their communication skills in many ways; one important terms of nationality and background, and in terms of aspect of this is teaching. Every PhD student must their experiences during their time at the Institute and spend at least one semester as a teaching assistant, their contributions as part of the IST Austria community. and many take on additional teaching responsibilities. The Graduate School strives to support students as they Some even design and teach their own courses, for follow their many different paths, and to help them gain instance programming classes or math review sessions. the skills they need to succeed in their next steps. In 2018, Rok Grah, a PhD student in the Tkačik group, received the Institute’s “Golden Sponge” Best Teaching Internships and mobility Assistant Award, and Georg Osang, a PhD student in Graduate students have the opportunity to take the Edelsbrunner group (profiled to the left), received the short-term internships in industry and at other research “Golden Chalk” Best Lecturer Award. institutions, rounding off their PhD experiences as well as their CVs. A number of graduate students completed Graduate students also take time to reach out to the Julia Michalska Georg Osang internships during 2018, including time spent at compa- public: Many help with the research stations at the nies such as Weta Digital, the New Zealand-based spe- Institute’s annual Open Campus, where they present PhD student, Danzl group PhD student, Edelsbrunner group cial effects company that worked on Lord of the Rings, their group’s work and encourage visitors to explore. universities, for instance Caltech, and research institutes, Several students also created their own projects for Julia Michalska is a second-year PhD student working Though a lot of his time is taken up by researching and like the Max Planck Institute in Dortmund. “Sommercampus”, a week-long research camp for in the Danzl group. There, she develops and uses high- implementing algorithms for topological data analysis, 7- to 10-year olds. Further afield, several IST Austria resolution microscopy and molecular tools to investigate Georg Osang, a fourth-year PhD student in the Edelsb- Graduate student involvement PhD students spent two weeks designing and running biological questions and is particularly interested in how runner group, is an active contributor to science educa- PhD students are also encouraged to organize events mathematics camps in Africa. communication between neurons is regulated by their tion and outreach activities on and off campus. During his and engage with the campus in a variety of ways. In synapses. Michalska is also interested in communication time at IST Austria, he has worked with groups ranging 2018, graduate students organized the Young Scientist Career development of another sort: outreach. This year, she helped with sev- from kindergarteners to high school students to classes Symposium for the seventh year in a row. The theme The Career Services team at IST Austria works to eral activities centered around making science accessible of his peers. At the Institute’s annual Sommercampus, was “GAME ON! Designs, Strategies, and Rewards support and enable PhD students (as well as postdocs) and interesting to the public, including presenting the re- he designed and ran a full-day activity using Scratch, Across Science”, and the six keynote speakers to make well-informed decisions that result in meaningful search of several groups at the Long Night of Research, a click-and-drag programming application, with which approached the topic from various angles, including and successful careers in and outside of academia. as well as giving an interactive lecture and workshop students created their own computer games. He was physics, evolutionary and plant cell biology, and Their work has two main focuses: first, to create an for the Children’s University of Vienna, which covered also one of the volunteers who traveled to Africa to help mathematics. environment where early career scientists have easy “Microscopy – our small building blocks in focus!”. In with math camps there; this summer in Ethiopia, he access to career inspiration and role models. As part addition to activities for the general public, she is also managed the international logistics of the program in All PhD students are represented by the Graduate of this, the team organizes various events throughout part of the group of PhD students and postdocs organiz- addition to teaching. Osang further taught an interactive Student Association (GSA). The GSA serves as a the year, such as company visits, a “Young Founders” ing next year’s Young Scientist Symposium. Finding the programming course on campus, which helped PhD platform for exchanging opinions and fostering commu- afternoon at the Institute’s Science Industry Day, and time for outreach is not always easy, but for Michalska, it students gain skills they could apply in their research. nication between students and constitutes an interface alumni talks. They also maintain an online career portal is important—and enjoyable. “By sharing my fascination His motivation for taking on these projects has several between the graduate students of IST Austria and the that provides information on career options and job for my work and research, I hope to pass on the magic bases: “Every time I gain new insights into how people rest of the Institute. Two elected student representatives hunting. Second, to help students and postdocs and mystery of science. Teaching children is especially learn and what works and what doesn’t, I myself am communicate students’ ideas, feedback, and criticism optimize their working habits, strengthen their CVs, and rewarding, because I love sparking their interest, and learning. Plus, when students have that ‘aha!’ moment, to the management and faculty, and organize regular develop transferable skills, numerous workshops are seeing their drive to understand the world and make it’s extremely rewarding—even more so if they’ve dis- meetings to discuss issues and promote networking. organized, covering topics such as time and self- things work. I also want to help people overcome their covered something on their own. Designing a learning Graduate students also serve in numerous campus management, leadership, presentation skills, interview fear of innovation and technology in our everyday life; experience that challenges students in this way is committees, helping to improve the PhD program, training, and teaching didactics. As of this year, the it is our responsibility to educate the public, and make difficult, but I feel that by conveying skills relevant for recognize teaching achievements, organize activities, team also offers one-on-one meetings, where scientists people aware of our work and how it can benefit students’ futures, I have the chance to do something and more. can get feedback on job applications, discuss career society.” useful, be it through teaching programming, problem options, and develop strategies to achieve their career solving, or scientific thinking.” goals.

36 37 INTERNSHIPS What ISTerns say about their How to apply summer 2018 experiences: Opportunities at All active bachelor’s and master’s students in the physical, mathematical, computer, and life sciences are eligible to apply—and the professors at IST Austria look forward to welcoming “I really enjoyed my stay at IST Austria. Every Level qualified and passionate interns into It is an experience that enriched me both their research groups. academically and personally.” www.ist.ac.at/education/internships

Interns at IST Austria “A fantastic three months.”

“My internship was a great experience and I enjoyed it a lot. Thank you, IST Austria!”

Marta Gorecka Mikhail Maslov Training the next generation applies not only to graduate students: IST Austria offers year-round opportunities for bachelor’s and master’s 2018 intern, Cremer group 2018 ISTern, Lemeshko group

students from other institutions to intern in a laboratory or with Currently a bachelor’s student at the Univer- In 2018, Mikhail Maslov graduated from the a research group. sity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology in Vienna, Marta Gorecka has spent most of with his bachelor’s, then spent the summer her life in Lower Austria. She watched the as an ISTern with the Lemeshko group. He An internship is a valuable opportunity offering Though their time at the Institute is short, the ISTerns’ Institute grow and—impressed by its diversi- had heard about IST Austria from colleagues students the chance to explore and broaden their work often results in scientific papers. Besides the core ty and rapid evolution—was eager to spend and was eager to be a part of the young, dy- interests in science, to learn about the process of mission of training future researchers, the Institute has time on campus, where she could work in namic, interdisciplinary environment that the conducting research, and to build connections within an additional interest in hosting these young scientists: an international environment and gain new Institute offered. Research with the Lemeshko academia and among their scientific peers. There are several former ISTerns have joined IST Austria to pursue skills, as well as share her own knowledge group was particularly appealing: Maslov’s two types of internships available at IST Austria: their doctorates. and enthusiasm. For three months this year, project related to the theoretical examination she worked with the Cremer group as a sci- of moving angulons, a quasiparticle previ- ISTernship program The ISTernship program is run in collaboration with the entific intern. In this capacity, she assisted in ously defined by Lemeshko. In particular, he Every year, for 8–12 weeks between May 15 and OeAD, the Austrian agency for international mobility experimental work, studying the individual worked to derive the energy dispersion rela- September 15, students from all over the world come to and cooperation in education, science, and research. and collective anti-pathogen defenses in the tion and investigate several other important IST Austria to work closely with a faculty or laboratory ant Cardiocondyla obscurior. The focuses characteristics of the system. Following his member on a short research project. In 2018, 39 Year-round scientific internships of her work were the effect of pathogen internship, Maslov joined IST Austria as one ISTerns—selected from over 1’580 applicants—spent Interns can also join IST Austria throughout the year, exposure on male-male competition, social of the Institute’s new graduates in the fall of their summers researching topics like the topology of collaborating with a particular research group for up to and transgenerational immunization, and the 2018. Though he has previously focused on simplicial complexes, drag reduction effects of fish gill one year. During 2018, the Institute hosted 50 scientific recovery of colonies after fungal infection. simulations of physical effects, he is eager outflow, or discrete bidding games. Their research interns in 25 different research groups. These students Through the internship, her enthusiasm for to dive into the theoretical side of things dur- experiences were rounded off with lectures given by worked on a variety of projects, ranging from running research has only grown: once she has ing his doctorate, and is looking forward to faculty members and postdocs, and culminated in a field experiments in the Pyrenees to proving hardness completed her bachelor’s, Gorecka plans his rotations, courses, and discussions with poster session where ISTerns presented their projects of finding Nash equilibria. to pursue a master’s in medical and other scientists as avenues to explore the to the campus community. pharmaceutical biotechnology. different ways he could do this at IST Austria.

38 39 POSTDOCS How to apply A Chance Scientists interested in conducting postdoctoral research at IST Austria can apply by contacting professors directly, or by applying for an ISTplus grant. to Grow www.ist.ac.at/education/postdocs

Postdocs at IST Austria

The years following the completion of a PhD are important for early career Christian Hilbe scientists. IST Austria provides postdoctoral fellows with a world-class multidisciplinary research environment, giving them the resources and Postdoc, Chatterjee group

opportunity to broaden their scientific horizons and deepen their expertise. Christian Hilbe completed his PhD in mathematics at the University of Vienna and already at this time had a keen interest in game theory, his current area Climbing the career ladder Postdocs at IST Austria also take the time to work with of research. His interest only deepened during his After the completion of a PhD, a postdoc position at younger generations of scientists. Several courses on two postdoc positions abroad, one at the Max Planck IST Austria with a duration of up to five years gives early campus were taught by postdocs in 2018, including Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Germany, and career scientists the chance to grow professionally, while programming, mathematics for life scientists, and turbu- one with Professor Martin Nowak in the Program for Melinda Pickup not yet shouldering the responsibilities of a research lence theory. Also during 2018, a variety of outreach Evolutionary Dynamics at Harvard University. At group leader. IST Austria brings together the faculty, programs were designed and carried out by IST Austria Harvard, Hilbe heard about the Chatterjee group from Postdoc, Barton group facilities, and support to help postdocs develop the postdocs. These initiatives included designing and a colleague, and jumped at the chance to come back skills necessary for their next career steps elsewhere. running a DNA-reading activity at the Institute’s annual to Austria and start new projects while continuing to Melinda Pickup joined the Institute as a postdoc in Already at the beginning of their stay, postdocs assess summer research camp, organizing a two-day research collaborate with Nowak. The move paid off: in 2018 2011, eager to work with Professor Nick Barton, a world their professional profiles and skill sets together with a camp for high-school-aged evolutionary biology alone, he published five papers in the journals Nature, leader in her area of research. Prior to this, she earned career counselor. During their time at IST Austria, post- enthusiasts, and creating informational posters and Nature Communications, Nature Human Behavior, and her PhD at the Australian National University in Canberra, docs interact closely with colleagues from different fields games about the Abelian sandpile model. PNAS. These papers have covered a range of topics Australia, where she specialized in evolutionary biology, through shared infrastructure, joint projects, and events. in game theory, including how cooperation is affected genetics, and ecology. After her PhD, she worked for Funding postdoctoral fellows by noise and incomplete information, why modesty pays a year at a non-profit conservation organization as a Over the course of 2018, 197 postdocs were part of the In order to attract outstanding postdoctoral researchers, off, and how changing payoffs can lead to increased field ecologist, then moved to Toronto for a two-year campus community, designing and executing projects, IST Austria submitted a proposal for a Marie Skłodowska-­­ cooperation. “In general,” Hilbe says, “I’m interested postdoc. Her research at IST Austria focuses on under- building connections in academia and industry, writing Curie COFUND scheme of the EU. Received in 2017, in how reciprocity works, and how we use buried and standing how plant sex can influence hybridization papers, and attending conferences. the scheme now provides funds for an interdisciplinary, subtle signals. The Institute has been a good place between species. In particular, Pickup is interested in international, and intersectoral postdoc program. Known to pursue my research—the campus community, the how plant systems that prevent self-fertilization may Sharing knowledge and building community as ISTplus, the program supports postdocs at the inter- resources available, and being able to collaborate actually facilitate gene exchange (hybridization) Developing a solid network of peers has benefits at face between science and other sectors, such as indus- with the Chatterjee group have all contributed to between species. To accomplish this, she works on the every career level, especially for postdocs, who are try and policy. Postdocs funded by the ISTplus COFUND a great experience.” snapdragon (Antirrhinum) system using a combination under pressure to be scientifically productive, to com- scheme have the opportunity to take short-term (up to of theory, genomics, population genetics, and ecology. municate their results, and start new collaborations. This six months) internships with external partners. With a The mix of these techniques and areas is only possible fall, the Postdoc Association organized an event at the total award amount of almost €4.6 million, this is the sin- through collaboration with theoreticians, mathemati- Institute where postdocs from institutions in and around gle largest grant obtained so far by IST Austria. Calls for cians, molecular biologists, ecologists and population Vienna were invited to campus to take tours of the labs, ISTplus applications open biannually; in 2018, 33 offers geneticists. The interdisciplinary nature of IST Austria, network, and meet professors. Also during fall 2018, were made, and 28 were accepted. So far, 38 postdocs as well as of the Barton research group in particular, IST Austria postdocs went on a retreat near Semmering. have joined the Institute under the COFUND scheme. In facilitates this—and is significantly different from her These projects have received funding from the People Programme The weekend included career development trainings and total, the ISTplus program will support 60 postdocs for (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework previous research lab experience. “Through this short science talks, as well as team-building activities. up to two and a half years each. The ISTplus program Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement No 291734 environment,” says Pickup, “I have developed new and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation complements the opportunity to apply for a postdoc programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement skills and knowledge, and there is no doubt that I will position directly by contacting IST Austria faculty. No 754411. leave the Institute a better scientist than when I arrived.”

40 41 Out into the World

IST Austria Alumni

Christine Mieck Michal Rolínek Christine Moussion

Associate Editor, Researcher, Researcher, Nature Communications, London, UK Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Genentech, San Francisco, USA Systems, Tübingen, Germany

Christine Mieck had been a postdoc in the Michal Rolínek joined IST Austria with a Christine Moussion trained as a bioengineer Loose group until 2017, before she moved bachelor’s in general mathematics and in biotechnology, then joined the Sixt group to London to take up her current position as a master’s in mathematical analysis from after her PhD and a postdoc at the CNRS- an editor for Springer Nature. She obtained the Charles University in Prague. After his University of Toulouse, France. At IST Austria, her PhD from IMP Vienna, where she studied rotations, he affiliated with the Kolmogorov she worked on the migration of leucocytes, kinesin motors using in vitro reconstitution group and started work towards his PhD. and also developed a new bioimaging and methods from structural biology. In During his time at the Institute, Rolínek technique. Her goal was to gain a deeper her postdoctoral work at IST Austria, she focused on the complexity of constraint understanding of immune cell recruitment continued to explore the biochemical and satisfaction problems. After graduating, in tumors and how to stimulate this recruit- biophysical bases of cellular polarity. Her he moved to Tübingen, Germany, to join the ment, which could lead to improvements in background as a scientist plays an important Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, cancer immunotherapy. In 2016, she moved role in her position as an associate editor where he expanded his scope to work on to San Francisco to work for Genentech. at Nature Communications: Mieck handles reinforcement learning, computer vision, There, she leads a research team in basic submissions related to the biochemistry and optimization in the context of artificial science and is also involved with the and structural biology of membrane proteins, intelligence. Not only is Rolínek an enthusi- discovery and development of new drugs. computational structural biology, and general astic researcher, he is passionate about As diverse as IST Austria’s campus community is its alumni network, which has and single molecule biophysics. teaching mathematical problem solving Moussion’s time at IST Austria was spread to over 30 countries in the years since the first alumni left the campus. to high school students around the world. particularly fruitful, and helped her gain “My time at IST Austria was extremely His current focus is on Africa; he spent the valuable expertise that she applies in her When they left the Institute, 85 percent of postdocs and PhD students also left useful and productive,” Mieck says. “We last two summers volunteering in Ethiopia. current position. “IST Austria gave me the Austria. The largest group—15 percent—has gone to the US, where they have had an excellent lab dynamic—the group freedom to explore the edges of what is was such an incredible mixture of talented, Before committing to a full-time position currently known in my field, the interface joined major universities, such as Harvard, Stanford, and MIT, or large companies, funny, warm-hearted people that I looked at MPI, Rolínek also worked as a crypto­ of immunology and bioimaging. Here, I was including Google and Microsoft. Alumni in Europe have taken similar paths forward to going to the lab every morning! grapher for wickr, a US-based software also able to connect with different cultures I have fond memories of lunches in the sun, company. Rolínek feels that his time at and different areas of science—I interacted and joined top universities, research institutes, and companies, for instance the and champagne and ice cream parties.” IST Austria had a big impact on how his with mathematicians and physicists as Max Planck Institutes and TU Munich in Germany, the University of Cambridge life has progressed: “IST Austria played a well as with biologists.” Mieck returned to campus in spring 2018 massive role in my career. The opportunities and the Francis Crick Institute in the UK, as well as ETH Zurich, Roche, and Google for a special “Think and Drink”, where she that have come my way are more than Moussion joined the expert panel at Science- Brain in Switzerland. However, IST Austria does not just observe the success shared insights into her job and career path, I could ever have imagined.” Industry Day in fall 2018 to share her experi- as well as the publishing system in general. ences working at a large pharmaceutical of its alumni from afar: the Alumni Relations Team works to maintain an active Rolínek returned to campus in fall 2018 for company. relationship with the 264 alumni, inviting them back to campus to share their Science Industry Day, where he was part of the expert panel during the Young Scientists’ experiences, and reaching out to them with opportunities and news. and Founders’ Afternoon.

42 43 New Professors in 2019

Mario Andrew Scott de Bono Higginbotham Waitukaitis

This year, two new Professors and two new Assistant Professors How are neural networks assembled? Quantum physicist Andrew Higginbotham Scott Waitukaitis is an experimental physi- How do they function and evolve to regulate develops innovative methods to explore cist investigating the complex phenomena signed a contract and will strengthen the research profile of behavior and physiology? These questions condensed-matter systems at low tempera- that arise when solids and liquids interact in IST Austria in physics, mathematics, and the life sciences. are the primary focus of neuroscientist Mario ture. He began his research career early exotic ways. After completing his bachelor’s de Bono. De Bono received his PhD from on, investigating laser-driven nuclear fusion in physics at the University of Arizona, USA, Tim Browning has already joined the campus community; the University of Cambridge, UK, in 1995 and fluid mechanics as an undergraduate at he joined the University of Chicago for his more details on his research program and background can be for studies of sex determination mechanisms. Harvey Mudd College, USA. After receiving PhD in physics, which he received in 2013. He continued his research as a postdoc at his BSc, he spent a year at the University He then moved to the University of Leiden, found in the "Facts & Figures" section of this report. The three the University of California in San Francisco, of Cambridge, UK, for his master’s, before the Netherlands, to conduct research on scientists presented here will join the Institute in the course of 2019. USA, investigating neural mechanisms entering the PhD program at Harvard origami-based mechanical metamaterials. that control group foraging. He returned University, USA. There, he conducted In 2016, he moved to Amsterdam, the to Cambridge in 1999 as a group leader at research on singlet-triplet spin qubits, Netherlands, to continue this work at the the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. quantum dots, and topological supercon- NWO Institute for Atomic and Molecular There, de Bono combined genetics, mole­ ductivity, for which he received his PhD in Physics (AMOLF), where he spearheaded cular and cell biology, and neural imaging 2015. Since then, he has been a researcher experiments in strongly coupled fluid- to study neural circuits, with a particular at both the Joint Institute for Laboratory solid-gas systems. His group will explore focus on the model organism C. elegans. Astrophysics in Boulder, USA, and Microsoft complex phenomena in a broad spectrum At IST Austria, he will combine genetics and Station Q in Copenhagen, Denmark. At of disciplines ranging from soft matter biochemistry to discover functions for the IST Austria, his work will focus on using physics and materials science to complex neural unknome—genes as yet mysterious— microwave circuits and nanomechanical fluids and chemistry. Two specific goals and genomics and proteomics to elucidate resonators as tools to probe condensed- on the horizon include cracking the mecha- molecular mechanisms of circuit plasticity. matter systems. In particular, he hopes nism behind the mysterious phenomenon His work will involve both C. elegans and to shed light on puzzling phases in super- of tribocharging and engineering and mammalian models. conductor-semiconductor heterostructures, designing non-Newtonian metafluids— where interactions, superconducting liquids whose material properties can be Mario de Bono joins IST Austria fluctuations, and spin-orbit coupling can altered spatially and temporally at will. in March 2019. give rise to glassy insulators, anomalous metals, and topological superconductivity. Scott Waitukaitis joins IST Austria in July 2019. Andrew Higginbotham joins IST Austria in March 2019.

44 45 Opening Spaces Crossing Borders Biology

Cooperative Disease New Roles for Plant Set of Enzymes to Defense in Social Hormone Auxin Create Glowing Insects Organisms

Cremer group Friml group Kondrashov group

Biology, the study of life and living organisms, encom­ Diseases can easily spread in social groups Auxin is a plant hormone that essentially In daylight, Neonothopanus nambi is a rather with intense interactions. Social insects live controls all plant developmental processes, unremarkable brown fungus. But a surprise passes a range of topics—from cell biology to evolution, together in dense colonies but counteract from shaping the embryo to the branching hides behind the drab façade: at night, the from genetics to development. Similarly, biology research the risk of the spread of disease with coop- of growing plants. In a series of publications fungus glows a ghostly green. N. nambi is erative defenses, forming their “social immune in 2018, Jiří Friml and his group uncovered one of over 100 species of mushrooms that at IST Austria covers a wide range of research areas. system”. This year, the work by Sylvia new mechanisms and roles for auxin. While emit light. In 2018, Fyodor Kondrashov and Cremer and her group revealed that ants auxin was previously thought to act mainly his team were part of a collaboration that, can prevent outbreaks of epidemics using by regulating gene transcription, Friml and for the first time, identified the biochemical In 2018, biologists at IST Austria explored questions several different defense layers. First, they his team showed that a rapid perception pathway that allows bioluminescent fungi to including: How do plant mating systems evolve while prophylactically disinfect their nests with mechanism of auxin is necessary for the light up. But they went even further: by put- toxic poison, which is possible because col- roots’ response to gravity. Auxin is also a ting the three genes necessary to generate preventing self-fertilization? How can cells squeeze ony members in the sensitive brood stages great communicator: plant mothers talk luminescence into a non-glowing yeast, they through tight tissue barriers? What role do mechanical are protected from the side effects of these to their embryos in the seeds and pattern created an artificially luminescent eukaryote. harsh chemicals. When infections arise them, in part, using auxin as a signal. In This discovery could find widespread appli- forces play during zebrafish development? And how despite the disinfection process, the poison other publications, Friml and his group cation, from tissues that report changes in does the plant hormone auxin regulate processes from treatment is also applied to fatally infected found that plant cells inherit their knowledge their physiology by lighting up to creating colony members to prevent pathogen of where is up and where is down from glowing animals and plants. seed patterning to root growth? multiplication and spread. Disease spread the mother cell. The team also uncovered is further reduced by a change in the social the signals used by cells at the root tip to interaction network towards a stronger communicate with each other in order to subclustering of the colony into cliques, protect the fragile root as it grows through resulting in fewer sick, but more immunized the ground. individuals. In turn, this change in immune status affects how the ants then care for exposed colony members.

Faculty Mathematical Models of Evolution NICK BARTON | Hormonal Cross-Talk in Plants EVA BENKOVÁ | RNA-based Gene Regulation CARRIE BERNECKY | Collective Disease Defense in Insect Societies SYLVIA CREMER | High-Resolution Optical Imaging for Biology JOHANN DANZL | Developmental and Cell Biology of Plants JIŘÍ FRIML | Systems and Synthetic Biology of Genetic Networks CĂLIN GUET | Physical Principles in Biological Systems EDOUARD HANNEZO | Morphogenesis in Development CARL-PHILIPP HEISENBERG | Tissue Growth and Developmental Pattern Formation ANNA KICHEVA | Evolutionary Genomics FYODOR KONDRASHOV | Self-Organization of the Cell MARTIN LOOSE | Structural Biology of Membrane Protein Complexes LEONID SAZANOV | Structural Biology of Cell Migration and Viral Infection FLORIAN SCHUR | Neuroimmunology in Health and Disease SANDRA SIEGERT | Invasive Migration of Immune Cells DARIA SIEKHAUS | Morphodynamics of Immune Cells MICHAEL SIXT | Biophysics and Neuroscience GAŠPER TKAČIK | Sex Chromosome Biology and Evolution BEATRIZ VICOSO

48 49 Computer Science

Interactive Machine First Machine Learn- Towards Sustainable Learning Tool for ing Method Capable Blockchains Aerodynamic of Accurate Extra­ Car Designs polation

Bickel group Lampert group Pietrzak group Computer science at IST Austria stands out among similar departments at other institution in two particular ways. When engineers or designers want to test Understanding how a robot will react under As blockchains become ever more popular the aerodynamic properties of the newly different conditions is essential to guaran- and widespread, a growing concern is First, all computer science groups share an appreciation designed shape of a car, airplane, or other teeing its safe operation. But how do you their sustainability: current designs, most for foundational thinking and base their research on a object, they would normally model the flow know what will break a robot without actually notably the blockchain underlying the of air around the object by having a computer damaging it? In the past, machine learning Bitcoin cryptocurrency, are secured using mathematically rigorous foundation. New insights are made solve a complex set of equations—a proce- was only capable of making predictions so-called “proofs of work”, which results and new algorithms and formalisms developed, based on dure that usually takes hours or even an about situations that are “between” other, in the consumption of huge amounts of entire day. This year, Bernd Bickel, together known situations. It was incapable of mak- computational power. This is an ecological mathematical concepts and computational thinking. with his collaborator Nobuyuki Umetani from ing predictions about situations outside of problem and brings into question the long- Second, the groups work to foster interdisciplinarity, Autodesk Research (now at the University of the known, as the robot learns to fit the term viability of such cryptocurrencies. In Tokyo), significantly sped up this process, known data as closely as possible locally, an ongoing collaboration, Krzysztof Pietrzak strengthening the ties between life sciences, physics, making streamlines and parameters avail- regardless of how it performs outside of and BitTorrent inventor/Chia Network CEO mathematics, and computer science—one of IST Austria’s able in real-time. Their method, which is the these situations. However, a new method Bram Cohen seek to address this problem first to use machine learning to model flow developed by Christoph Lampert, together by making use of disk space rather than signature characteristics. This year, scientists asked questions around continuously editable 3D objects, with collaborators at the Max Planck computational work. Their research into such as: What is the logic behind modesty? Can robots learn was presented at this year’s prestigious Institute for Intelligent Systems, can use one of the two key components of this ap- SIGGRAPH conference in Vancouver. observations made under safe conditions proach—“proofs of sequential work”, also to think “outside the box”? How can we optimize efficiently to make accurate predictions for all possible known as “verifiable delay algorithms”— some complex loss functions that measure the accuracy conditions governed by the same physical received this year’s Best Paper Award at dynamics—the first machine learning meth- EUROCRYPT, one of the world’s top of information retrieval systems? od to do so. Especially designed for real- crypto­graphy conferences. life situations, this method provides simple, interpretable descriptions of the underlying physics. The researchers presented their findings at this year’s prestigious Interna- tional Conference for Machine Learning.

Faculty Distributed Algorithms and Systems DAN ALISTARH | Computer Graphics and Digital Fabrication BERND BICKEL | Game Theory and Software Systems Theory KRISHNENDU CHATTERJEE | Algorithms, Computational Geometry and Topology HERBERT EDELSBRUNNER | Design and Analysis of Concurrent and Embedded Systems THOMAS A. HENZINGER | Computer Vision and Discrete Optimization VLADIMIR KOLMOGOROV | Computer Vision and Machine Learning CHRISTOPH LAMPERT | Cryptography KRZYSZTOF PIETRZAK | Discrete and Computational Geometry and Topology ULI WAGNER | Computer Graphics and Physics Simulation CHRIS WOJTAN

50 51 Mathematics

“With a Little Help Geometry via The Abelian from my Friends” Counting Sandpile Model

Alistarh group Browning group Guet and Hausel groups

Just a few Shigella bacteria are enough to The first step in understanding complicated As sand drops slowly onto a table, little make anyone catch gastroenteritis, while objects usually involves understanding the mountains of grains grow and eventually Mathematics allows us to distill ideas and observations, thousands to millions of Vibrio cholerae constituent parts. In algebraic geometry, the become unstable, resulting in avalanches. to abstract to their fundamentals, and precisely define bacteria are necessary for a case of cholera. complicated objects are known as algebraic The Abelian sandpile is an abstract mathe- What causes this difference? Based on varieties. Their classification goes back to matical model of this process. In it, the concepts, objects, and the connections between them. observational data, biologists proposed the 19th-century mathematician Riemann in board is divided into a grid of squares, each It provides a language to formalize quantitative aspects that this difference stems from how bacteria dimension one, and to the early 20th century of which can carry up to three grains of attack their host: for example, while Shigella Italian school in dimension two. For dimen- sand. If, due to the random addition of sand, of the natural sciences and a way of thinking that is useful bacteria act locally by directly injecting sions greater than two, mathematicians one square exceeds this number, it becomes across a wide spectrum of research fields. Mathematicians proteins into host cells, cholera bacteria hope to gain insight by studying the space unstable and “topples”, decreasing its grain attack from a distance, by secreting the of one-dimensional varieties they contain. number by four and increasing the grain at IST Austria understand their areas deeply and combine cholera toxin. Joel Rybicki, a postdoc in For example, what can be said about the number of each of its neighbors by one. this with the ability and openness to communicate with the Alistarh group, with collaborators at the space of straight lines contained in a hyper- Certain additions of sand, known as “the University of Helsinki, built a mathematical surface? The geometry of these spaces identity”, return the board to its original scientists in other disciplines. They have interests in a model of bacterial infections. The research is largely unknown, but Tim Browning and state; when these additions are plotted, a variety of areas, from analysis to topology, from combina- results, published in PNAS, support the his collaborator Will Sawin at Columbia beautiful fractal pattern emerges. Moritz hypothesis that the scale of pathogenetic University recently answered some long- Lang and Mikhail Shkolnikov, postdocs in torics to mathematical physics and beyond. This year, they mechanisms lies behind different bacteria standing open questions about the “singular the Guet and Hausel groups, respectively, explored a wide range of questions, including: What can we having different infective doses. Moreover, locus” of these spaces using counting seek to understand these fractal patterns the researchers predict that the mechanism arguments. This is surprising: algebraic and use them to better understand aspects say about the geometry of geodesics in discrete optimal also influences how quickly an infection geometry is about the qualitative properties of the sandpile model. Though simple, many transport? Under what conditions is a system of four fermi- spreads in the host. of objects viewed over the complex numbers, areas of mathematics meet in the sandpile whereas counting arguments generally model, and their work could have implica- ons, two each of two different types, stable? Can a convex describe quantitative properties of objects tions in numerous contexts. body in the plane be divided into any number of convex viewed over the integers. parts, all of equal area and perimeter?

Faculty Mathematical Models of Evolution NICK BARTON | Analytic Number Theory and its Interfaces TIM BROWNING | Algorithms, Computational Geometry, and Computational Topology HERBERT EDELSBRUNNER | Mathematical Physics, Probability LÁSZLÓ ERDŐS | Theory of Partial Differential Equations, Applied and Numerical Analysis JULIAN FISCHER | Geometry and its Interfaces TAMÁS HAUSEL | Stochastic Analysis JAN MAAS | Mathematical Physics ROBERT SEIRINGER | Discrete and Computational Geometry and Topology ULI WAGNER

52 53 Neuroscience

Reading Lateral Inhibition Mutation that Causes Rats’ Minds Keeps Similar Autism and Intellec- Memories Apart tual Disability Makes Brain Less Flexible

Csicsvari group Jonas group Novarino group Neuroscientists study the nervous system to understand how our brains and those of other animals work. Scientists can usually infer a rat’s location When you park in the office car park, you Gaia Novarino and her group study the based on which place cell—found in a brain have no problem finding your car again. The genetic basis of neurodevelopmental disor- Neuroscience is a highly multidisciplinary field of science, region called hippocampus—sends signals. next day, you might park a few spots further ders such as autism and epilepsy. In 2014, combining physiology, molecular biology, developmental However, signaling sometimes does not away. But you still find your car, even though they found that mutations in the gene correspond to the rat’s location, giving the the memories of both days are very similar— SETD5 cause intellectual disabilities and biology, and cognitive science with links to mathematics, researchers an insight into how the animal and (also) because our brains are able to autism in about one percent of patients. computer science, and physics. Accordingly, the research thinks about space. In a study published this store memories of very similar events as In a follow-up study published in 2018 in year in Neuron, Jozsef Csicsvari and his distinct memories in a process called pat- Nature Neuroscience, Novarino and her backgrounds of neuroscientists at IST Austria are diverse. group sent rats through an eight-armed tern separation. Peter Jonas and his group team studied what happens on a molecular maze to find food rewards. The sequence deciphered how a brain region, called the and behavioral level when the SETD5 gene of place cells that fire when a rat is at the dentate gyrus, is wired to compute this is mutated in mice. They found that SETD5 In 2018, neuroscientists at IST Austria investigated questions maze’s center corresponds either to the last pattern separation. They found that parval- regulates gene transcription when signals such as: What is the molecular basis of neurodevelopmental arm the rat visited, or to the arm it is going bumin-expressing interneurons inhibit the are integrated during learning and memory to run down next. In tasks testing reference activity of nearby neurons in a process formation. The SETD5 mice make more disorders, such as epilepsy and autism? How is the produc- memory, the place cells fire corresponding called lateral inhibition, but this pattern only stable memories, which could make the tion of nerve cells controlled? How can the brain distinguish to the next arm the rat will visit—making it occurs in the dentate gyrus. In other brain brain inflexible. Therefore, the mice cannot possible for the researchers to predict where regions, they are not connected in this easily make new memories or adapt to new between very similar memories? What is the neuronal basis the rat will go next. manner. These connectivity rules in the situations. The brain structure of mice with a of innate behaviors? dentate gyrus may represent an adaptation SETD5 mutation is unchanged, giving hope of the neuronal wiring to allow for pattern that, eventually, researchers may understand separation. how to treat the cognitive issues of patients with SETD5 mutations.

Faculty Systems Neuroscience JOZSEF CSICSVARI | High-resolution Optical Imaging for Biology JOHANN DANZL | Genetic Dissection of Cerebral Cortex Development SIMON HIPPENMEYER | Cellular Neuroscience PETER JONAS | Neuroethology MAX JÖSCH | Genetic and Molecular Basis of Neuro­ developmental Disorders GAIA NOVARINO | Molecular Neuroscience RYUICHI SHIGEMOTO | Neuroimmunology in Health and Disease SANDRA SIEGERT | Biophysics and Neuroscience GAŠPER TKAČIK

54 55 Physics

Cooling Quantum Turning Turbulence Description of Devices with into Energy-saving Rotating Molecules Interference Laminar Flow Made Easy

Fink group Hof group Lemeshko group

Physics is one of the oldest and most fundamental disciplines, Quantum computer parts are sensitive and From water to oil to natural gas, an enor- Feynman diagrams are a powerful technique need to be cooled to very low temperatures. mous amount of fluid is transported across in condensed matter physics. By turning and at IST Austria, scientists have approached questions in Unfortunately, their tiny size makes them the globe through pipes. The amount of highly complex equations into sets of simple and inspired by this field from many different perspectives, particularly susceptible to temperature energy used to pump these fluids is consid- diagrams, the method has established itself increases caused by the thermal noise erable and corresponds to approximately as one of the most effective tools in a theo- using both experimental and theoretical methods. The diverse produced by the environment and other ten percent of the global electricity con- retical physicist’s toolbox. The Lemeshko interests of the physics groups have led to questions such nearby devices. Together with colleagues sumption. The majority—95 percent—of group has now extended the Feynman from Malta, Shabir Barzanjeh, a postdoc these energy losses is caused by turbulence, diagram technique: originally devised for as: How can qubits be shielded from noise? How can one in the Fink group, has proposed a novel which leads to a drastic increase in frictional subatomic particles, the simplest objects describe the rotation of molecules in fluids? Why do some method to keep quantum devices cool. The drag. Previously, it was assumed that, once imaginable, the technique can now work approach, which they have proven to work the flow of a fluid becomes turbulent, turbu- with molecules, far more complex objects. quantum systems stay out of equilibrium much longer than theoretically, relies on quantum interference. lence would persist. But the research group The new formalism that the group developed predicted? The secret lies in an additional heat bath, of Björn Hof demonstrated that this is not is expected to drastically simplify the de- which is connected to the other devices. correct: by changing the velocity profile scription of molecular rotations in solvents. The researchers showed that it is possible across the pipe, the researchers managed This brings science one step closer to the Research in physics often leads to technological advances, to use special quantum interference to to destabilize the turbulence so that the flow long-term goal of understanding chemical control the heat flow of the bath in such automatically became laminar. This discovery, reactions in solvents at the microscopic as scientists design new materials and machines to test their a way that it cancels the heat coming from once transferred to applications, has the level and, potentially, controlling them. ideas and discoveries lead to novel applications. Physicists a warm object to a cool one. potential to dramatically decrease global energy consumption. at IST Austria push boundaries in both aspects, and their research has led to developments in optical imaging, physical principles in biological systems, nanoelectronics, and more.

Faculty Non-linear and Time-resolved Optical Spectroscopy of Strongly Correlated Electron Systems ZHANYBEK ALPICHSHEV | High-resolution Optical Imaging for Biology JOHANN DANZL | Mathematics of Disordered Quantum Systems and Matrices LÁSZLÓ ERDŐS | Quantum Integrated Devices JOHANNES FINK | Physical Principles in Biological Systems EDOUARD HANNEZO | Condensed Matter and Quantum Circuits ANDREW HIGGINBOTHAM | Nonlinear Dynamics and Turbulence BJÖRN HOF | Quantum Sensing with Atoms and Light ONUR HOSTEN | Functional Nanomaterials MARIA IBÁÑEZ | Nanoelectronics GEORGIOS KATSAROS | Theoretical Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics MIKHAIL LEMESHKO | Quantum Statistical Mechanics, Mathematical Physics ROBERT SEIRINGER | Condensed Matter Theory and Quantum Dynamics MAKSYM SERBYN | Biophysics and Neuroscience GAŠPER TKAČIK | Soft and Complex Materials SCOTT WAITUKAITIS

56 57 Providing Perspectives Supporting Careers

58 59 Scientific Service Units

At an institution like IST Austria, different research groups often have the same needs. IST Austria’s Eight SSUs IST Austria’s New Cryo-Electron Microscopes Microscopes, 3D printing, computing resources, and access to publications are just a few Bioimaging Facility: The Bioimaging Facility supports 2018 saw the arrival of an entirely new technology examples of the equipment and services that many scientists will require for their work, researchers with state-of the art microscopes, flow on campus: three state-of-the art cryo-electron micro- no matter which group or field they work in. To avoid unnecessary redundancies and to cytometry equipment, advanced user trainings, assay scopes (cryo-EMs) were purchased, delivered, and development, and image analysis. installed at IST Austria as part of the existing Electron guarantee professional operation and maintenance of the equipment, IST Austria centrally Electron Microscopy Facility: The Electron Microscopy Microscopy Facility, allowing scientists to observe runs and manages such facilities as Scientific Service Units (SSUs). Facility provides electron microscopes as well as sample biological structures at near-atomic scales. preparation and image analysis facilities for the life Each SSU is led by a manager and staffed by a team of experts that maintains the equip- sciences, physics, and chemistry. In 2018, the Electron This technology, which earned its inventors the 2017 ment and supports scientists with know-how, customized development, and training. Microscopy Facility expanded its portfolio to include Nobel Prize in chemistry, has led to a series of break- cryo-EM infrastructure. More details about this addition through discoveries in the life sciences in recent years. Scientists use a central platform to book the available cutting-edge equipment. External can be found in the highlight on the right. Using cryo-EM, biological samples, such as proteins, users can also book the facilities at market-compliant prices, provided slots are available. Nanofabrication Facility: The Nanofabrication can be observed in their natural state, rendering this Facility develops, optimizes, and maintains micro- method indispensable in structural biology. The primary The SSU system not only guarantees well-maintained equipment, it avoids unused and idle and nanofabrication­ processes. Its staff works constantly users of the new machines will be Leonid Sazanov, machines, fosters collaboration and communication between groups, and makes it easy to remain at the cutting-edge of technology and provide Carrie Bernecky, and Florian Schur—IST Austria IST Austria researchers with the possibility to explore professors specializing in structural biology—and their for research groups to enter into new technologies. new materials and new devices of dimensions down research groups. to the nanometer scale. Library: The mainly electronic Library supplies access IST Austria’s cryo-EM facility consists of one 300 kV, to all types of scientific information, including eJournals, one 200 kV, and one cryo-dedicated focused ion beam eBooks, and databases. Furthermore, it supports (FIB) microscope. The 300 kV microscope is particularly open scientific communication by providing digital noteworthy: “This machine is unique in Austria,” says infrastructure and consulting services. Ludek Lovicar, the manager of the facility. “Currently, no Life Science Facility: The Life Science Facility other institution has a state-of-the-art 300 kV electron supports experimental biologists by providing laboratory microscope under cryo conditions, and we expect infrastructure for the biological sciences such as refrig- an increase in requests from external users once the erators and centrifuges. In addition, the fine-tuning of the procedures and parameters has Facility provides a wide spectrum of supplies for been completed.” experiments, from liquid nitrogen to agar plates, and runs the fish and plant facilities. The 200 kV machine was the first to arrive on campus. Miba Machine Shop: The Miba Machine Shop Delivered in July, the system started normal operations pro­duces and provides custom-tailored mechanical in November. The FIB microscope arrived in September. and electronic equipment and setups for all experimental The last and largest machine to be delivered was the research groups. 300 kV microscope, which arrived in October. Now, the Preclinical Facility: The Preclinical Facility provides facility is busy testing and fine-tuning the machines, and the infrastructure for research groups using laboratory training scientists in the operation of the microscopes. animals for scientific experiments. Its main duties “I am delighted by how smoothly the installation went,” include breeding, documentation, and genetic adds Lovicar. “So far, the microscopes have passed identification of transgenic mouse and rat strains, all tests to our satisfaction and the installation is on as well as hygienic sanitation of mouse strains. schedule. I am looking forward to seeing the first Scientific Computing Facility: Scientific Computing scientific results coming out of our facility.” supports theoretical and experimental researchers in all their scientific computing needs, primarily by providing a high-performance computing cluster.

60 61 Staff Scientists

Robert Hauschild

Staff scientists are fully trained researchers Similar to the professors on campus, staff Bioimaging Facility

who work closely with various research scientists receive a fixed-length contract The startling beauty of the microscopic is what attracted Robert groups on campus. They provide domain- at the beginning of their employment and Hauschild to the field. As the first staff scientist on campus, he brings expertise in imaging, optical engineering, automation, specific skills, expertise and experience not are evaluated after five years. If successful, and image analysis to IST Austria. usually present within research groups and staff scientists receive permanent contracts. After finishing his PhD, Hauschild took on a postdoc position— assist in the development of the scientific The Institute currently employs five staff both at the Institute for Applied Physics in Karlsruhe, Germany. service units (SSUs). They provide advanced scientists, who share their time in collabora- He then moved to industry, where he worked as a system engineer developing laser scanning microscopes for several years, before training in sample preparation, imaging and tions with research groups, assisting SSUs, joining IST Austria, where he helped establish the Bioimaging data analysis. Each staff scientist is admin- and advancing their own projects. These Facility. Hauschild, who greatly enjoys the cooperative spirit and the interdisciplinary nature of his work, collaborates with scientists istratively associated with a specific SSU. scientists have diverse backgrounds and from different fields to develop innovative solutions for unique Staff scientist positions are not unique to focus on different research topics, but are microscopy problems, including designing and building new equipment and software. IST Austria, but in contrast to others, the united in their curiosity and creativity, their Institute’s staff scientists are independent openness to collaboration, and their desire In one recent project, the Friml and Benková groups needed live images of growing roots—a challenging task, since plants orient of a particular research group, and thus to find effective solutions to technical their root growth in the direction of gravity, but in commercially avail- are free and encouraged to work with any problems. able microscopes, samples are positioned horizontally. An additional difficulty arises from the root growth that continuously displaces the research group and SSU on campus. Their area to be imaged out of the field of view. Working with scientists support and collaboration is critical to the from both groups, Hauschild developed a microscope setup with vertical sample mounting that included a grow light to keep the success of numerous projects at IST Austria, plants healthy. Moreover, he wrote custom software to automatically because of their ability to devise innovative track moving samples, enabling the observation of root tips over prolonged periods. solutions to research questions. In addition, their continued presence prevents the loss Another one of his projects was a micro ablation system that has found numerous applications in studies of cell migration, wound of knowledge as other scientists leave healing, tension measurement, and the quantitative patterning of the Institute and sustains the stability of proteins. “At the end of the day,” says Hauschild, “if the equipment I build and software I write enables other scientists to do something institutional structures. they could not have done before, I’m happy. That is how I define my success.”

62 63 Walter Kaufmann Jack Merrin Ivan Prieto Christoph Sommer

Electron Microscopy Facility Nanofabrication Facility Nanofabrication Facility Bioimaging Facility

When scientists at IST Austria are interested in applying electron Microfluidics, the manipulation of fluids on small length scales, The Institute’s newest staff scientist, Ivan Prieto, is an expert in Given an image, how can we transform it into numbers that answer microscopy in their work, but are unsure how to go about it—for is widely applicable in interdisciplinary fields. Jack Merrin, a staff nanofabrication, material science, and optoelectronics. He received the question we posed? And how can we automate that process? instance, what techniques to use or which analysis to employ— scientist in the Nanofabrication Facility, is an expert in this area his PhD in Madrid, then moved to Zurich for a postdoc at ETH. These are two of the questions underlying much of Christoph they talk to Walter Kaufmann, a staff scientist with the Electron and conducts research with diverse groups on campus. His most Still in Switzerland, he moved to industry, and worked as a process Sommer’s work. A computer scientist by training, Sommer is an Microscopy Facility on campus. Before joining the Institute in 2013, extensive running collaboration is with the Sixt group, where he development manager for one year. Eager to focus again on expert in image analysis and has significant experience creating Kaufmann specialized in neuroscience and neurobiology for his PhD constructs many different microchips for experiments on immune research, he joined IST Austria in May 2018. His work here is software to automate analysis, with a focus on deep learning from the Leopold Franzens University in Innsbruck. He then held cell motility and chemotaxis. Scientists generally think that cells centered on the fabrication of nanoscale structures, developing applications. positions as a postdoc at the Innsbruck Medical University and the use proteins that adhere to surfaces to pull themselves along. Using new fabrication routines, and improving the existing ones, primarily University of Oslo, before returning to Innsbruck as a senior scientist microchannels with wavy patterns, however, the team was able to with the Fink and Katsaros groups. With the Fink group, for example, Already as a graduate student at the University of Heidelberg, he and habilitating in neuroscience. show that T-cells can also move by pushing off the walls without he has focused on silicon photonic cavities: essentially, light is developed software for image classification and segmentation, adhesive proteins. coupled to an integrated waveguide that excites the mode of a set which is still used by scientists at many research institutes—including Helping scientists plan a project is just one part of his regular work, of a type of photonic cavity. IST Austria. He developed high-content screening analysis software however: Kaufmann also takes care of sample preparation for With the Friml group, Merrin constructed a microfluidic root chip as a postdoc at ETH Zurich and IMBA Vienna; then, seeking new various projects, imaging and analysis of these samples, as well to probe growing roots and rapidly test the effects of removing These cavities are designed to confine the light by coupling to a challenges, Sommer joined the Institute as a staff scientist in 2017. as initiating discussions about the resulting data. He works with and applying chemicals. This device resulted in a breakthrough mode with high quality factor (Q), which is very sensitive to He already carries out projects with the bio-imaging facility, other numerous groups on campus. In one completed project with the discovery that root growth rate responds instantaneously to the fabrication imperfections such as uncontrolled shapes or sidewall staff scientists, and several different labs. With the Danzl lab, he is Shigemoto group, he worked with a visiting scientist to combine hormone auxin. A device that lets two different chemical environ- roughness. The fabrication process was initiated by PhD student working on a project involving expansion microscopy—a way innovative electron microscopy techniques with physiological ments flow over different sides of a root is currently under develop- Georg Arnold, whose structures already performed remarkably well. around the diffraction limit of normal light microscopy, essentially by approaches. ment. Dual flow root chips allow explorations of how cells respond However, the group believed they could further improve Q, and taking the sample and increasing its size by swelling it isotropically. to local or asymmetric environments. Finally, in collaboration with Prieto dedicated himself to optimizing the fabrication procedure. For their analysis, the lab needed to quantify the local distortions The goal was to reveal the number of vesicle docking sites in a the Hof group, Merrin explores bouncing silicone oil droplets in Their joint efforts so far have resulted in a two- to three-fold increase that appear during this expansion process. Since the protocol central nervous system synapse and the localization of P/Q-type corrals. The droplet orbital motions exhibit properties similar to of Q, improving the overall quality of the device. In the future, the resulted in the sample being divided into pieces, each of which voltage-gated calcium channels in relation to them. Kaufmann’s quantum particles and also have chaotic features. scope of this position will expand to include design, simulations, swells individually, they also needed a way to match the rotated, primary contribution was applying a technique that had only recently and characterization. Prieto will also conduct his own research in expanded pieces at the end with the pre-expansion image. Sommer been established at IST Austria—freeze-fracture replica labeling. Merrin became interested in microfluidics during his physics PhD the field of strained spintronics. contributed with a program that analyzed the images and correlated His internationally recognized work provided a proof of principle, at Princeton University, and he gained further experience during the pieces with the original, putting numbers to the expected and led to several other projects in the field of synaptic ion channel his five years as a postdoc. Since joining IST Austria, he keeps “I believe that, in the future, scientific projects will become expansion artifacts. localization. his knowledge and skills up to date by teaching courses such as increasingly interdisciplinary, and the way IST Austria has been microfluidics and differential equations, attending microfluidics conceived fosters this interdisciplinarity. The combination of this A second project is conducted together with the Cremer group. The Currently ongoing are investigations into the role of actin in conferences, and taking on innovative projects. Merrin says, environment and the brilliant scientists we have here can only group has collected videos of ants engaged in various activities, and clathrin-mediated endocytosis of plant progenitor cells. Initiated “Being a staff scientist gives me an opportunity to short-circuit lead to success—it is just a question of time. It is my pleasure to wanted to automatically analyze the videos and tag specific activities. by a PhD student in the Friml group, the project aims to understand the learning curve on a lot of projects, and I enjoy training and be part of the team and to provide the support that enables Sommer used a deep learning approach for this problem and achieved the presence of a clathrin coat on endocytic vesicles, as well as supporting students and postdocs.” this progress.” excellent recognition rates; it is planned to use this approach in addi- establish the location and function of actin at the endocytic spot. tional scenarios. The range of scales is one aspect of what makes While the questions are not new, many scientists have been unable Sommer’s position exciting: “From electron micrographs to cells, to to answer them due to challenges in sample preparation and ants, to flowers—there is always a new domain to explore,” he says. electron-microscopy imaging. Kaufmann and the Friml group “And because there needs to be regular communication between have already provided proof of a clathrin coat by replica analysis— the scientists and me, I’m always learning.” Though his projects so a step forward that has gained widespread attention. far have mainly focused on biology-related questions, he plans to work with the Lampert group in the future to improve deep learning techniques and increase their use in the labs on campus.

64 65 Administration

Creating the best possible environment for world-class research is the central task of all administrative employees at IST Austria. Staffed with dedicated experts, the administration provides high-quality support in the areas listed on the right.

Academic Affairs is responsible for administrating Campus IT Services assists scientists and admini­ all academic matters. Its team coordinates the quality strative staff with all their IT issues, provides basic control of research at the Institute and organizes the infrastructure for all IT services and takes care of recruitment process for professors and staff scientists. all application development and customization. Academic Affairs moreover supports postdocs and scientific visitors during their time at the Institute, and People & Financial Services comprises both the deals with topics such as research ethics, alumni classical human resources unit of the Institute and tracking, and career development for scientists. teams responsible for all aspects of accounting, controlling, and procurement. Its staff members The Graduate School Office within the division organizes moreover handle questions related to diversity and the PhD program and academic courses and manages inclusion and support international scientists. The the admissions and progress-monitoring processes division also includes the Institute’s team of assistants for students. In addition to these tasks, this division to professors, who support the research groups with Georg Schneider supports scientists with funding schemes, assists in a variety of administrative tasks. preparing research proposals, and administers Managing Director, IST Austria approved grants through the Grant Office. The Technology Transfer Office takes care of all matters related to intellectual property developed at IST Communications & Events support the managing Austria, such as patent protection, licensing technology IST Austria was founded with the goals of performing maximize efficiency. The administration moreover team, scientists, and administration in public relation to companies, and supporting the creation of spin-off world-class basic research and training the next genera- provides structure and continuity in a place where many and public affairs. The Communications team provides companies. The office supports aspiring entrepreneurs tion of scientific leaders. Setting examples in science of the scientific employees spend just a few years; as services in media relations, science writing, web and among IST Austria’s young scientists and facilitates and education, however, requires setting an example part of this, they create and refine the organizational social media management, alumni relations, content collaboration agreements with industry. in science management, and the administration of IST processes and development. In optimizing our process- management, and internal communications. The Event Austria strives for professionalism, efficiency, and es, the efficient use of our budget is very important to team organizes conferences, workshops and meetings Two units work closely with the management and are above all, excellent support for science and scientists. us. As an institute funded largely from public sources, as well as public outreach events, and develops responsible for building up and maintaining support we seek to ensure the best possible use of those funds. materials and activities for science education. structures to accommodate the continued growth The opening of the new administration building is a of the Institute and the ongoing adaptation of its testament to the growth and development of the The Institute is also committed to supporting its admin- Construction & Maintenance prepares the space organizational structures and processes: administration at IST Austria. Over the nine years the istrative staff: in 2018, IST Austria continued its partici- for new research groups and facilities and operates campus has existed, administration and scientific pation in the Erasmus+ program, sending employees to the buildings on campus. Responsibilities include elec- Executive Affairs supports the Managing Director and support has grown from 11 to 235 employees, and this conferences, workshops, and trainings across Europe, tricity, heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning, as well includes Legal Affairs, Internal Audit, and Organization, growth in size has been paralleled by the growth and including Belgium, Spain, and the UK. as providing non-scientific equipment and furnishings. Processes & Project Management. development of the capabilities and services provided. The division also includes Environment, Health & Safety, For instance, Academic Affairs established a career The Institute will continue to grow in the coming ten which ensures the well-being of everyone on and The Office of the President supports the President and development program to support scientists in their next years and the size of the administration will increase around campus, and Campus Services, which takes includes Faculty Affairs and Stakeholder Relations, in steps. At the same time, we have built up a rigorous to ensure continued full support, while keeping an care of childcare, housing, food, transportation, sports addition to being responsible for the administration of system of internal controls to minimize risks and emphasis on streamlined, unbureaucratic service. facilities, and other non-scientific services on campus. board meetings.

66 67

*These numbers will be reported in January. Encouraging Collaborations Across Scientific Fields

68 69 Outreach and Science Education

Summer Science A key role of research institutions is to share the wonder, Science Education Day Open Campus Science Camps and Schools excitement, and methods of scientific research as well as the resulting discoveries with their local, national, and How can we engage and excite students for At the Open Campus, taking place in spring IST Austria organizes and hosts research IST Austria seeks to make science, science? How can we support teachers in each year, IST Austria opens its doors to the camps for elementary, middle, and high scientists, and the campus accessible to global communities. Within its missions of outreach and developing science activities? public. school children during the summer. One the general public, in particular to schools. education, IST Austria seeks to foster public engagement of these, the “Sommercampus”, was held This year, over 300 students aged nine to Providing a forum to exchange ideas and Everyone interested in science is invited this year for the fifth time in a row. Sixty 19 from five different countries came to with basic science by making resources and information answer these questions was the primary to explore a research exhibition, attend children between the ages of seven and ten IST Austria to tour the labs, see scientists at available on campus accessible to the public. The Institute motivation for the first Science Education a general science lecture, and tour the came to campus to spend a week carrying work, meet graduate students, and more. Day organized by IST Austria on May 24, laboratories, as well as to relax and enjoy out exciting experiments. Guided by stu- Some younger classes had the opportunity organizes events and develops communication materials 2018. Scientists, teachers and prospective the campus. This year, nearly 2'000 visitors dents at the Lower Austrian University of to participate in a multi-session research to engage children, teenagers, and adults not actively teachers, policy makers and administrators experimented with probability using a giant Education (PH NÖ), as well as IST Austria project, “How do plants dance?”. In this as well as the public audience discussed Galton board, tried their hands at crypto- staff and scientists, the children discussed project, schoolchildren ran experiments and involved in science and to create an open dialogue possibilities and new pathways in the field of graphic pebbling problems, took a moment bacteria in extreme habitats, the evolution- prepared microscope samples to learn between the public and the academic world. science education. Highlights included the to ponder questions about evolution and ary family tree, as well as the colors of light about plant development and observation. keynote address by Liat Ben David, director- the brain that are still baffling researchers, and experimented with the trajectory general of the Weizmann Institute’s Davidson and much more. Professor Johann Danzl of Robin Hood’s arrows, launched vinegar- In the future, high school students will 2018 saw the implementation of a comprehensive outreach Institute of Science Education, who empha- demonstrated how new approaches in light powered rockets, built robots, and pro- also have the opportunity to complete their sized the importance of science education microscopy enable the investigation of grammed computer games. The following “pre-scientific work” (“vorwissenschaftliche strategy based on four pillars: the development of tools, to society and people’s ability to make infor- the tiniest details in cells during the family week, 15 teenagers came to campus for Arbeit”) under the supervision of IST Austria exhibits, and innovative formats for outreach activities and mation-based choices. The day also includ- science lecture, and schoolchildren who had “Top Models in Science”, a three-day scientists—including the chance to work in ed panel discussions on knowledge-transfer taken part in a regional contest to submit research camp about scientific models the Institute’s laboratories. But the schools education, the improvement of science education in Austria, campaigns and an afternoon workshop for “ideas of today for the world of tomorrow” and how scientists use these models to do not just come to IST Austria—the Institute providing public access to a vibrant research campus, and young researchers to improve their ability were honored and the winners announced. describe and understand nature and also goes to them: During 2018, scientists to communicate their work. natural phenomena. visited schools to talk about their careers, increasing the visibility of the Institute. The strategy focuses New this year was a digital scavenger hunt: intrigue students with mathematical prob- on science education, activity modules, and scalability In the future, the Science Education Day will teams of up to three people solved a series During the camp, participants tested the lems, and present their research. One be an annual event focusing on national and of tricky puzzles. The three winning teams models for free-fall and projectile trajectories IST Austria professor, Simon Hippenmeyer, to form the basis of the programs for the coming Visitor international perspectives and exchange on received a helicopter flight, an indoor in experiments, then analyzed their data gave three lectures as part of the program Center, the future home of the Institute’s outreach activi- topics in science education, as well as on skydiving tour, and a VR racing challenge. and computed statistics. Game theory called “Science goes School”. During his designing materials and activities for stu- challenged the teenagers to think logically talks, students learned about groundbreak- ties. In order to expand current programs and develop dents of all ages. and strategically, and during a session ing achievements in brain research, as well new projects and partnerships in science education, the on engineering, they simulated collisions, as answers to questions such as: How does computed the carrying capacity of bridges, the brain perceive itself and the environ- Institute held several events designed to connect teachers and even built their own computers. The ment, and how does the thinking process and researchers. Chief among these was the first Science days were rounded off with lab tours and work? What are the consequences if lectures, during which students learned mistakes occur during brain development Education Day, which will be held annually in the future. about chaos theory, fluid mechanics, and or if the brain is damaged in an accident? In addition to the events described here, a list of outreach quantum bits. events can be found in the “Facts & Figures” section.

70 71 Scientific Discourse

Conferences, Symposia, and Public Other Workshops Lectures Colloquia Public Events

Over the course of 2018, IST Austria organized and The Institute is proud to host and organize IST Austria (co)organizes several lecture The Institute Colloquium is IST Austria’s In 2018, Austria held the Presidency of hosted numerous events in and around science. events that provide platforms for scientific series, which take place on and off campus. main weekly seminar, and the talks are the Council of the European Union, and in exchange. Two highlights this year were the IST Lectures are given by eminent scientists open to the general public, both on and off connection with this, IST Austria hosted a Ranging from colloquium lectures given by renowned Frontiers of Circuit QED and Optomechanics who are invited to present their research to campus. The colloquium talks address a high-profile public event together with the scientists to conferences on selected topics, these (FCQO18) Conference and the 8th annual the general public and the scientific commu- broad range of topics in the research areas Federal Ministry of Education, Science, and Algebraic Topology: Methods, Computa- nity. In his IST Lecture, quantum physicist represented at IST Austria, and are designed Research. During the event, speakers from events brought science supporters and enthusiasts— tion, and Science Conference (AMTCS18). Anton Zeilinger gave an overview of the to engage scientists from all fields. Among all over Europe discussed the role of com- members of the general public as well as top research- FCQO18 addressed topics from reservoir current state of quantum communication, the many international experts who gave petitive research funding in science. The engineering to hybrid quantum devices focusing on communication with individual colloquium talks at IST Austria in 2018 were program included both keynote speeches ers and science administrators—to campus to exchange and quantum error correction. Speakers photons. Another highlight this year was the Nobel Laureate John O’Keefe, who discussed and panel discussions, and addressed ideas and discuss the latest scientific trends and discussed the challenges in connecting IST Science and Society Lecture given by how rats navigate using spatial cells in the questions such as: What are the key factors superconducting quantum computers to Jeffrey D. Sachs, one of the world’s leading hippocampus, and Orna Kupferman of the to consider when designing, implementing, discoveries. The Institute also hosted other public large-scale quantum networks. AMTCS18 economists. He talked about the global Hebrew University of Jerusalem, who exam- and evaluating a competitive research grant events, which focused on discussions of issues in and brought over one hundred mathematicians growth of both economy and population ined classical graph theory problems using program? How does competitive research to campus with the goals of developing hitting the limits of the resources available formal verification methods. funding affect research institutions? And around science, research, and policy. Four types of new topological techniques for use in appli- on earth, with a particular focus on the does competitive funding help to develop events are highlighted here; a list of major talks and cations and coming up with new ways and importance of education and the role that and support Europe’s research talent in full, areas in which to apply their research. universities and research institutes can and or does it perpetuate the participation gap conferences can be found in the “Facts & Figures” will have to play in solving global problems. between old and new membership countries? section.

72 73 Pursuing Scientific Interests Exploiting Results

74 75 Feeding the Entrepreneurial Bug

TWIST – Technology Transfer Office

The Technology Transfer Office is the one-stop shop While business angel activity has grown over recent for all matters related to intellectual property, industry years and a range of government grants are now liaison, and entrepreneurship at IST Austria. It is respon- available, institutional equity investors addressing sible for patent protection and licensing, and supports academic spin-offs are still rare in Austria. IST Austria the creation of spin-off companies and cooperation with and a subsidiary of Lansdowne Partners took a industry. A range of measures is available to help trans- significant step towards closing this gap and improving late research results into product ideas that the Institute the situation for young tech-based founders who plan can commercialize through licensing and the support to host their ventures in Austria: they partnered to set of start-ups. TWIST facilitates exchanges with industry, up IST Cube, a new investment fund that supports the works with founders, and helps researchers interested creation and development of tech and science-based in joining industry or start-ups make career decisions. start-ups. IST Cube invests in advanced technology companies, many of which are derived from academic As part of its ambition to develop technology transfer research, and will help successful founders to generate projects, IST Austria has continued to file patents on viable business models, form strong teams, and develop inventions with commercial potential. In total, IST Austria their ventures, all with the goal of becoming global now owns twelve patent families in such diverse areas leaders in their fields. as modeling systems for biological networks, photo- patterning research tools, potential treatments for diabe- tes, and algorithms to generate flexible casting molds. The project to build a science and technology park IST Austria also holds equity positions in two start- for research-intensive enterprises adjacent to the IST ups based on research by the Institute’s faculty: Chia Austria campus is moving ahead. The joint development Network is building a more sustainable blockchain company between ecoplus—the business agency of for a new cryptocurrency; Neuralmagic is developing Lower Austria—and IST Austria has secured sufficient a systems platform specifically designed for machine commitments to pursue construction of the first phase, learning. The Institute also actively pursues collaborative comprising two buildings offering lab and office space projects with industry partners—in 2018, a cooperative and scheduled to be completed in summer 2019. research project on quantum computing with Microsoft was initiated.

76 77 Supporting IST Austria’s Science and Future

In the past decade, IST Austria has established itself among Europe’s top research institutions. Through their philanthropic contributions,

IST Austria’s supporters have played—and continue to play—a key role The Institute of Science and Technology Austria has IST Austria Donors Club in the Institute’s success story. received a great deal of support over the past year, which has helped make IST Austria’s mission to conduct Platinum Club excellent basic research possible. IST Austria is ex- Invicta Foundation tremely grateful to its private and corporate patrons for their continued dedication and significant contributions. Gold Club Mondi AG, OMV AG, Raiffeisen Group, voestalpine AG October 2018 saw the implementation of a new fund- raising concept in the form of the first “WISTA” dinner. Silver Club Organized jointly by the Israel-based Weizmann Institute Berndorf AG, Steven Heinz, Miba AG, Oberbank AG, of Science and IST Austria, the exclusive event celebrat- Prinzhorn Holding GmbH, Schoeller Bleckmann AG, ed the fruitful scientific discourse between Israel and W. Hamburger GmbH, DI Klaus Pöttinger Austria in general and the Weizmann Institute and IST Austria in particular. To give the attendees a glimpse Donor Club of the possibilities of fundamental research, Professors Alcatel-Lucent-Austria AG, Allinvest Unternehmens­ Gašper Tkačik (IST Austria) and Elad Schneidmann beteiligungs GmbH, Gebrüder Weiss GmbH, Kapsch AG (Weizmann Institute) presented results from their long- standing and award-winning collaborative research on Strategic Advisory Board neural coding. Proceeds from the evening will be directed Hermann Hauser, Steven Heinz, Therese Niss, towards further scientific collaborations between both Peter Oswald, Rudolf Scholten, Veit Sorger, research institutes. Franz Viehböck, Stefan Weber

With its 10th anniversary celebrations coming up in 2019, IST Austria is looking forward to further increasing its network of supporters and connecting the Institute with society.

More information: www.ist.ac.at/donors

78 79 Facts & Figures

82 Professors at IST Austria 84 Research Groups on Campus 110 PhD Students at IST Austria 111 Postdocs at IST Austria 111 IST Austria Alumni Network 112 Interns at IST Austria 113 Scientific Service Units at IST Austria 113 Administration at IST Austria 113 Staff Scientists at IST Austria 113 Technical Support at IST Austria 113 Administrative Staff at IST Austria 114 Grants Active or Acquired in 2018 117 Publications in 2018 126 Selected Events in 2018 129 IST Austria Internal Awards 2018 129 IST Austria Donors Club 130 Boards of IST Austria 131 Leadership of IST Austria 132 Location & Campus Map 136 Imprint

81 Professors at IST Austria (Under contract as of December 31, 2018)

Dan Alistarh Distributed Algorithms and Systems Onur Hosten Quantum Sensing with Atoms and Light Total number of Professors (under contract): 52 Country of PhD Institution* Zhanybek Alpichshev Non-linear and Time-resolved Maria Ibáñez Functional Nanomaterials Optical Spectroscopy of Strongly Correlated Electron Systems Peter Jonas Synaptic Communication in Hippocampal Microcircuits Germany 26.5% Nick Barton Mathematical Models of Evolution Maximilian Jösch Neuroethology USA 26.5% Eva Benková Plant Developmental Biology Georgios Katsaros Nanoelectronics Gender among Professors* Switzerland 16.3% Carrie Bernecky RNA-based Gene Regulation Anna Kicheva Tissue Growth and Developmental Pattern Formation UK 10.2% Bernd Bickel Computer Graphics and Digital Fabrication Vladimir Kolmogorov Discrete Optimization Austria 8.2% Tim Browning Analytic Number Theory and its Interfaces Fyodor Kondrashov Evolutionary Genomics Other (6**) 12.3% Krishnendu Chatterjee Computer-aided Verification, Game Theory Christoph Lampert Computer Vision and Machine Learning Sylvia Cremer Collective Disease Defense in Insect Societies Mikhail Lemeshko Theoretical Atomic, Molecular, and 18.4% 81.6% Jozsef Csicsvari Systems Neuroscience Optical Physics Johann Danzl High-resolution Optical Imaging for Biology Martin Loose Self-organization of the Cell Country of previous institution* Mario de Bono Genes, Circuits and Behavior Jan Maas Stochastic Analysis Herbert Edelsbrunner Algorithms, Computational Geometry, Gaia Novarino Genetic and Molecular Basis of USA 34.7% Country of nationality* Germany 22.4% and Computational Topology Neurodevelopmental Disorders László Erdős Mathematics of Disordered Quantum Systems Krzysztof Pietrzak Cryptography UK 18.4% and Matrices Leonid Sazanov Structural Biology of Membrane Germany 20.4% Switzerland 10.2% Johannes Fink Quantum Integrated Devices Protein Complexes Austria 16.3% Belgium 4.1% Julian Fischer Theory of Partial Differential Equations, Florian Schur Structural Biology of Cell Migration and Viral Infection USA 8.2% Other (5**) 10.2% Applied and Numerical Analysis Robert Seiringer Mathematical Physics Hungary 6.1% Jiří Friml Developmental and Cell Biology of Plants Maksym Serbyn Condensed Matter Theory and Russia 6.1% Călin Guet Systems and Synthetic Biology of Genetic Networks Quantum Dynamics Romania 4.1% Edouard Hannezo Physical Principles in Biological Systems Ryuichi Shigemoto Molecular Neuroscience UK 4.1% Tamás Hausel Geometry and its Interfaces Sandra Siegert Neuroimmunology in Health and Disease Other (17**) 34.7% Carl-Philipp Heisenberg Morphogenesis in Development Daria Siekhaus Invasive Migration Thomas A. Henzinger Design and Analysis of Concurrent and Michael Sixt Morphodynamics of Immune Cells Embedded Systems Gašper Tkačik Theoretical Biophysics and Neuroscience Andrew Higginbotham Condensed Matter and Quantum Circuits Beatriz Vicoso Sex Chromosome Biology and Evolution Simon Hippenmeyer Genetic Dissection of Cerebral Cortex Uli Wagner Discrete and Computational Geometry and Topology Development Scott Waitukaitis Soft and Complex Materials Björn Hof Nonlinear Dynamics and Turbulence Chris Wojtan Computer Graphics and Physics Simulation

* Data refer to 49 Professors on campus as of December 31, 2018 ** Number of countries 82 83 Research Groups Dan Zhanybek on Campus Alistarh Alpichshev Distributed Algorithms Non-linear and Time-resolved and Systems Optical Spectroscopy of Strongly Correlated Electron Systems

Distribution has been a major trend in computing over the last de- To understand a complex system, it is often useful to bring it out of cade, which affects the way we compute in several ways: equilibrium; the recovery dynamics will reveal a great deal about its Microprocessor architectures are now multi-core, offering several inner workings. The Alpichshev group uses ultra-fast optical meth- parallel threads of computation, while large-scale systems distribute ods to understand the physical mechanisms underlying some of the storage and computation across several processors, machines, or extremely complicated phenomena in many-body physics. data centers. The Alistarh group works to create algorithms that take advantage of these developments by creating software that scales— One of the most important problems in modern physics is to in other words, it improves its performance when more computation understand the behavior of a large number of strongly interacting is available. particles. Such systems often feature unique properties such as high-temperature superconductivity or colossal magnetoresistance. This fundamental change in the way computation is performed puts The exact origins of such behavior is still unclear, which hinders our forward exciting open questions. How do we design algorithms to ability to control and increase the effects of these phenomena. The extract every last bit of performance from the current generation of main difficulty facing researchers in this area is that these “strongly architectures? How do we design future architectures to support correlated” properties invariably arise in the context of a large more scalable algorithms? Are there clean abstractions to render number of competing phases, which makes it difficult to determine high-performance distribution accessible to programmers? The the individual role of each factor. The Alpichshev group circumvents Alistarh group’s research is focused on answering these questions. this problem by using ultra-short laser pulses to selectively perturb In particular, they are interested in designing efficient, practical and probe the individual degrees of freedom in a strongly correlated algorithms for fundamental problems in distributed computing, in material and study the system in the resulting transient state. The understanding the inherent limitations of distributed systems, and in resulting information can be used to reconstruct the microscopic developing new ways to overcome these limitations. mechanisms behind complex phenomena with genetic data to estimate population structure and fitness variation over multiple Current Projects Distributed machine learning | Concurrent data structures scales. and applications | Molecular computation Team Members 2018 Trevor Brown (postdoc), Bapi Chatterjee (ISTplus postdoc), Ekaterina Goltsova (ISTern), Arnab Kar (scientific intern), Ilia Markov (scientific Current Projects Determining the role of rattling modes of organic cations on the intern), Giorgi Nadiradze (PhD student), Joel Rybicki (ISTplus postdoc), Aditya transport of photo-carriers in hybrid lead halide perovskites | Exciton dynamics in Sharma (scientific intern), Nandini Singhal (scientific intern) frustrated Mott insulators | Ultrafast dissipative processes in correlated electron systems below Planckian level Career Selected Distinctions Team Members 2018 Dusan Lorenc (postdoc) • since 2017 Assistant Professor, • 2018 ERC Starting Grant IST Austria • 2015 Awarded Swiss National Career Selected Distinctions • 2016 – 2017 Visiting Researcher, Foundation “Ambizione” Fellowship • since 2018 Assistant Professor, • 2008 – 2010 Albion W. Hewlett Computer Science Department, • 2014 Elected Morgan Fellow at IST Austria Stanford Graduate Fellowship ETH Zurich Downing College, University of • 2017 – 2018 Visiting Scientist, • 2005 “Dynasty Foundation” • 2014 – 2016 Researcher, Cambridge Max Planck Institute for the Structure Fellowship Microsoft Research, Cambridge, UK • 2012 Postdoctoral Fellowship of the and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, • 2002 Landau Fellowship, Landau • 2014 – 2016 Morgan Fellow, Swiss National Foundation Germany Institute for Theoretical Physics Downing College, University of • 2011 Best Paper Award at the • 2012 – 2017 Postdoctoral Associate, Cambridge, UK International Conference on Massachusetts Institute of • 2012 – 2013 Postdoc, Massachusetts Distributed Computing and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Networking • 2012 PhD, Stanford University, USA Stanford, CA, USA • 2012 PhD, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

Intuitive diagram of a timing- Three step pump-probe mea- aware cache-coherence surement in a Mott insulator. protocol developed by Comparing the difference the Alistarh lab. Cores are in relaxation dynamics of allowed to process extra Hubbard excitons (generated timing information about the by the first pump pulse) with workload, which can provide and without magnetic order order-of-magnitude perfor- (switched by the second mance improvements. pump pulse) gives informa- tion about the microscopic mechanisms behind the effective characteristics of quasiparticles in strongly correlated systems.

84 85 Nick Eva Carrie Bernd Barton Benková Bernecky Bickel Mathematical Models Plant Developmental Computer Graphics of Evolution Biology RNA-based Gene Regulation and Digital Fabrication

The Barton group develops mathematical models to probe funda- True to their name’s Greek roots, plant hormones “set in motion” a The regulated expression of genetic material is one of the most basic We are currently witnessing the emergence of novel, computer- mental issues in evolution: For example, how do new species form, myriad of physiological processes. Influencing and modulating each processes of a cell, affecting everything from organism develop- controlled output devices that provide revolutionary possibilities what limits adaptation, and what shapes the genetic system? other, an intricate network of interactions arises. The Benková group ment to environmental response. Through structural studies of the for fabricating complex, functional, multi-material objects and seeks to untangle this network and understand its molecular basis. involved complexes, the Bernecky group works to unravel the gene meta-materials with stunning optical and mechanical properties. Nick Barton and his group study diverse topics in evolutionary expression regulatory networks that employ RNA as an intermediate. Leveraging the potential of advanced 3D printing technology is genetics. The main focus of their work is the effects of natural Post-embryonic formation of new organs, a major determinant of tightly coupled to efficient methods for content creation. selection on many genes, and the evolution of populations that are the plant body architecture, is responsive to a myriad of envi- RNA is an important focal point for the regulation of gene ex- distributed across space. They develop statistical models for the ronmental inputs such as light, temperature, and nutrition. Plant pression. Both protein-coding and noncoding RNAs are integral Bernd Bickel is a computer scientist interested in computer graphics evolution of complex traits, which depend on the combined effects hormones allow plants to rapidly adjust their development to these components of diverse regulatory pathways and often act together and its overlap into animation, biomechanics, material science, of very many genes. Working with other groups at IST Austria, they external cues. Physiological and genetic studies have investigated with protein cofactors. Despite their importance, an understanding and digital fabrication. The main objective of his research group is study the evolution of gene regulation, using a thermodynamic the signaling components of the individual hormonal pathways. of the mechanisms of action of the involved RNA-protein com- to push the boundaries of how functional digital models can be model of transcription factor binding. A substantial component of However, over the last years it became clear that hormones are plexes is lacking. Many of these RNA-containing complexes are efficiently created, simulated, and reproduced. Given the digital the group’s work is a long-term study of the hybrid zone between interconnected by a complex network of interactions. How these flexible, modular, and lowly abundant. For such challenging targets, nature of the process, three factors play a central role: computational two populations of snapdragons (Antirrhinum) that differ in flower hormonal networks are established, maintained, and modulated to cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has emerged as a particularly models and efficient representations that facilitate intuitive design, color. This combines detailed field observation with genetic data control specific developmental outputs is the focus of the Benková powerful tool for the determination of near-atomic structures while accurate and fast simulation techniques, and intuitive authoring to estimate population structure and fitness variation over multiple group. Recently, the group has located several convergence points simultaneously providing insight into their dynamics. Using this and tools for physically realizable objects and materials. Accordingly, the scales and serves as a test-bed for developing ways to infer selec- that integrate different hormonal inputs. Importantly, some of related methods, the Bernecky group aims to understand how RNA- work of the Bickel group focuses on two closely related challenges: tion and demography from genetic data. these identified components exceed their function in the hormonal protein complexes assemble and regulate cellular RNA metabolism. (1) developing novel modeling and simulation methods, and crosstalk and provide functional links with pathways mediating (2) investigating efficient representation and editing algorithms Current Projects Evolutionary computation | Evolution of complex traits | Analysis perception of environmental stimuli. Current Projects Molecular basis of transcriptional regulation | Transcriptional inhi- for materials and functional objects. of selection experiments | Understanding genealogies in space and at multiple loci | bition by noncoding RNA | Substrate recognition by RNA modifying enzymes Inference from DNA sequence | Speciation and hybridization in Antirrhinum Team Members 2018 Narkhyun Bae (ISTFELLOW postdoc, joint with Novarino Team Members 2018 Louise Arathoon (PhD student), Carina Baskett (ISTplus Current Projects Convergence of hormonal pathways on transport-dependent group), Edwine Lehner (scientific intern), Anita Testa Salmazo (project technician), Current Projects Computational synthesis of metamaterials | Soft robotics | postdoc), Stefanie Belohlavy (PhD student), Ioana Bouros (ISTern), Eva Cereghetti auxin distribution | Identification of hormonal cross-talk components by genetic ap- Katarina Tluckova (postdoc) Interactive design systems | Design of cyber-physical systems (scientific intern), Christelle Fraisse (FWF Lise Meitner postdoc, joint with Vicoso proaches | Hormonal cross-talk driven nutrient-dependent root development Team Members 2018 Thomas Auzinger (postdoc), Donald Degraen (academic group), Michal Hłedik (PhD student), Lenka Matejovičová (PhD student), Maria Team Members 2018 Rashed Abualia (PhD student), Christina Artner (ÖAW Career Selected Distinctions visitor), Zudong Feng (predoctoral visiting scientist), Ruslan Guseinov (PhD stu- Melo Hurtado (postdoc), Ahina Nandy (ISTern), Melinda Pickup (postdoc), Gemma DOC-funded PhD student), Nivola Cavallari (postdoc), David Domjan (scientific • since 2018 Assistant Professor, • 2012 – 2014 Humboldt Research dent), Christian Hafner (PhD student), Jesus Perez Rodriguez (ISTplus postdoc), Puixeu Sala (PhD student, joint with Vicoso group), Harald Ringbauer (PhD intern), Marcas Gallemi Rovira (postdoc), Corinna Hartinger (scientific intern), IST Austria Fellowship Mikhail Tsaritsyn (ISTern), Ran Zhang (PhD student) student), Natalia Ruzickova (scientific intern), Himani Sachdeva (postdoc), Srdjan Mónika Hrtyan (laboratory technician), Syamala Inumella (scientific intern), Karolina • 2011 – 2017 Postdoc, LMU Munich • 2005 – 2007 NIH Molecular Sarikas (postdoc), Daria Shipilina (postdoc), Enikő Szép (PhD student), Barbora Kubiasova (academic visitor), Juan Montesinos López (EMBO-funded postdoc), and MPI for Biophysical Chemistry, Biophysics Training Grant Career Selected Distinctions Trubenová (Marie Curie postdoctoral fellow), Anja Westram (ISTplus postdoc, Marie Krisztina Ötvös (postdoc), Thomas Rauter (scientific intern), Willi Riber (academic Göttingen, Germany • 2002 Hughes Undergraduate • since 2015 Assistant Professor, • 2017 ACM SIGGRAPH Significant Curie postdoctoral fellow) visitor), Arseny Savin (academic visitor), Hana Semeradova (ÖAW DOC-funded • 2010 – 2011 Postdoc, University of Research Scholar (Cornell-HHMI) IST Austria New Researcher Award PhD student), Berokh Shojaie Flowerjani (academic visitor), Kaori Tabata (academic Colorado Boulder, USA • 2012 – 2014 Research Scientist • 2016 ERC Starting Grant Career visitor), Petr Valosek (laboratory technician) • 2010 PhD, University of Colorado and Research Group Leader, • 2015 Microsoft Visual Computing • since 2008 Professor, IST Austria • 2013 Mendel Medal, German Boulder, USA Disney Research Zurich, Switzerland Award • 1990 – 2008 Reader and Professor, National Academy of Sciences Career • 2011 – 2012 Visiting Professor, TU • 2012 EUROGRAPHICS Best University of Edinburgh, UK Leopoldina • since 2016 Professor, IST Austria • 1998 – 2001 Postdoc, Max Planck Berlin, Germany PhD Thesis • 1982 – 1990 Lecturer and Reader, • 2009 Linnean Society • 2013 – 2016 Assistant Professor, Institute for Plant Breeding, Cologne, • 2011 – 2012 Postdoc, Disney • 2011 ETH Medal for Outstanding University College London, UK Darwin-Wallace Medal IST Austria Germany Research Zurich, Switzerland Doctoral Thesis • 1980 – 1982 Demonstrator, • 2009 ERC Advanced Grant • 2011 – 2013 Group Leader, Central • 1998 PhD, Institute of Biophysics of • 2010 PhD, ETH Zurich, Switzerland Cambridge University, UK • 2006 Royal Society Darwin Medal European Institute of Technology the Academy of Sciences of the • 1979 PhD, University of East Anglia, • 2001 President, Society for the (CEITEC), Brno, Czech Republic Czech Republic, Brno, Norwich, UK Study of Evolution • 2007 – 2013 Group Leader, Flanders Czech Republic • 1998 American Society of Naturalists Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent, Selected Distinctions President’s Award Belgium Selected Distinctions • ISI Highly Cited Researcher • 1994 Fellow, Royal Society of • 2003 – 2007 Habilitation position, • Highly Cited Scientist • 2016 Schrödinger Lecture, Dublin London University of Tübingen, Germany • 2017 Member, EMBO • 2013 Erwin Schrödinger Prize, • 1994 David Starr Jordan Prize • 2001 – 2003 Postdoc, Centre for • 2014 FWF-ANR Bilateral Grant Austrian Academy of Sciences Plant Molecular Biology, Tübingen, • 2011 FWO Grants (ÖAW) Germany • 2008 ERC Starting Grant • 2003 – 2007 Margarete von Wrangell Habilitation Program Studies of hybridization Cryo-electron micrograph A self-transforming structure: between red- and yellow- of single RNA polymerase II fabricated as a flat object, flowered Antirrhinum in the Plants in the plant growth transcription complexes puri- once released it deforms into Pyrenees tell us about the chamber. fied from animal tissue. Inset: a predefined surface through process of speciation. calf thymus from which the a process controlled locally protein was purified. by the assemblage of small- scale structures.

86 87 Tim Krishnendu Sylvia Jozsef Browning Chatterjee Cremer Csicsvari Analytic Number Theory Computer-aided Verification, Collective Disease Defense and its Interfaces Game Theory in Insect Societies Systems Neuroscience

What is the precise connection between adding and multiplying Life is a game—at least in theory. Game theory has implications for Social insects fight disease as a collective. Together, they perform Memory formation is crucial for learning new facts and skills. This whole numbers? This is a surprisingly deep question that can be the verification of correctness of computer hardware and software, nest hygiene and mutual sanitary care, effectively reducing the risk of process of encoding, storing, and ultimately recalling memories thought about in many different lights. One natural extension stud- but also in biological applications, such as evolutionary game theory. infection and disease transmission through the colony. The Cremer involves complex interactions between various brain regions and ies the sequence of integers that arise as solutions to a polynomial The Chatterjee group works on the theoretical foundations of game group studies how collective protection arises at the colony level neurons in embedded circuits that form complex codes to encode equation with integer coefficients, viz. a Diophantine equation. The theory, addressing central questions in computer science. from individual behaviors and social interactions in ants. these memory traces. The Csicsvari group studies how learning is Browning group works on understanding such sequences using a implemented in the brain. blend of analytic, geometric and algebraic methods. Game theory studies the interactive problems in decision making. Just like an individual immune response, collective disease defense It can be used to study problems in logic, automata theory, eco- of the colony must effectively balance the attack of pathogens and During learning, new memories are acquired and subsequently con- Low-dimensional Diophantine equations have been heavily exploited nomics, evolutionary biology, and the design of the internet. The prevent self-harm to the host. The Cremer group showed that, solidated to ensure their successful later recall. The Csicsvari group in cryptography, but the properties of higher-dimensional Diophan- Chatterjee group is interested in the theoretical foundations of game similar to the way healthy host tissue is protected from collateral focuses on understanding how learning leads to memory formation tine equations remain largely mysterious. Hilbert’s 10th problem theory, its application in formal verification, and evolutionary game damage by the toxins used to fight pathogens, healthy members of in neuronal circuits by investigating the neuronal system mecha- asks for an algorithm to decide if a given Diophantine equation theory. Game theory in formal verification involves the algorithmic social insect colonies are protected from “social immunopathology”. nisms of memory formation and stabilization. They also investigate has integer solutions or not. Methods of mathematical logic have analysis of various forms of games played on graphs, where the Ants disinfect their colonies constantly by spraying toxic poison the mnemonic role of neuronal populations and their interactions revealed this to be an impossible dream, but we would still like to graph models a reactive system. This broad framework allows for over the brood—including the sensitive pupae, which would die in brain areas involved in spatial memory processing. The group know if such a procedure exists when we merely ask for solutions the effective analysis of many important questions in computer from this treatment if not protected by a silk cocoon. Hence, similar seeks to understand how neuronal circuits process information and in rational numbers. Moreover, when solutions are known to exist, science and helps to develop robust systems. The Chatterjee group to humans using protective gear like gloves when using harmful form spatial memories by recording the activity of many neurons there are deep conjectures that connect their spacing to the intrinsic also works on algorithmic aspects of evolutionary game theory on chemicals to clean their homes, ants that use formic acid as a in different brain regions during spatial learning tasks and sleep. In geometry of the equation. In recent years quantitative methods have graphs, where the graph models a population structure. The goals disinfectant in the colony retain the practice to produce silk their research, the group uses optogenetic methods to selectively been found to be remarkably effective at resolving these fundamen- of this research are to better understand games and to develop new cocoons that protect their pupae, even though the production is manipulate neuronal activity in different brain areas. tal questions. The Browning group is involved in actively expanding algorithms. costly. the available toolkit for studying these problems and their general- Current Projects Oscillatory interactions in working memory | Role of izations. Current Projects Quantitative verification | Stochastic game theory | Current Projects Collective hygiene in ant societies | Social interaction networks hippocampal formation in spatial learning | Activation of brain structures using Modern graph algorithms for verification problems | Evolutionary game theory and epidemiology | Disease resistance and tolerance | Costs and benefits of social light sensitive channels to study memory formation Team Members 2018 Sriram Balasubramanian (scientific intern), Amir Goharshady immunization Team Members 2018 Yosman Bapatdhar (PhD student), Peter Baracskay Current Projects Moduli space of rational curves on hypersurfaces of low degree | (ÖAW DOC-funded PhD student, IBM doctoral fellow), Christian Hilbe (ISTFELLOW Team Members 2018 Barbara Casillas Perez (PhD student), Erika Dawson (post- (postdoc), Uladzislau Barayeu (ISTern), Igor Gridchyn (PhD student), Karola Käfer Hasse principle for random Fano hypersurfaces | Manin’s conjecture for orbifolds | postdoc), Rasmus Ibsen-Jensen (postdoc), Deep Karkhanis (scientific intern), Petr doc), Anna Franschitz (PhD student), Matthias Fürst (FWF Lise Meitner postdoc), (PhD student), Sarah Krückel (scientific intern), Michele Nardin (PhD student), Distribution of number fields with given Galois group via Manin’s conjecture Novotny (ISTFELLOW postdoc), Arash Pourdamghani (ISTern), Nico Schaumberger Marta Gorecka (scientific intern), Anna Grasse (senior laboratory technician, on Juan Ramirez Villegas (ISTplus postdoc), Dámaris Rangel Guerrero (PhD student), Team Members 2018 Kevin Destagnol (postdoc), Maria-Adelina Manzateanu (predoctoral visiting scientist), Laura Schmid (PhD student), Pouya Shati (ISTern), maternity leave), Elina Hanhimäki (scientific intern), Niklas Kampleitner (project Federico Stella (postdoc), Jago Wallenschus (senior laboratory technician), (predoctoral visiting scientist) Jakub Svoboda (scientific intern), Josef Tkadlec (PhD student), Viktor Toman (PhD technician), Megan Kutzer (ISTFELLOW postdoc), Sina Metzler (PhD student), Haibing Xu (postdoc) student) Barbara Milutinović (postdoc), Elisabeth Naderlinger (project technician) Career Selected Distinctions Career • 1999 – 2001 Postdoctoral Fellow, • since 2018 Professor, IST Austria • 2017 Simons Visiting Professorship Career Selected Distinctions Career Selected Distinctions • since 2011 Professor, IST Austria Center for Behavioral and Molecular • 2012 – 2019 Professor, (MSRI) • since 2014 Professor, IST Austria • 2011 Microsoft Research Faculty • since 2015 Professor, IST Austria • 2017 ERC Consolidator Grant • 2008 – 2011 MRC Senior Scientist Neuroscience, Rutgers University, University of Bristol, UK • 2017 EPSRC Standard Grant • 2009 – 2014 Assistant Professor, Fellowship • 2010 – 2015 Assistant Professor, • 2015 Elisabeth Lutz Prize, Austrian (tenured), MRC Anatomical New Brunswick, USA • 2008 – 2012 Reader, • 2012 ERC Starting Grant IST Austria • 2011 ERC Starting Grant IST Austria Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) Neuropharmacology Unit, University • 1999 PhD, Rutgers University, University of Bristol, UK • 2010 Phillip Leverhulme Prize • 2008 – 2009 Postdoc, University of • 2008 Ackerman Award, best thesis • 2010 Habilitation, University of • 2013 Walther Arndt Prize of the of Oxford, UK New Brunswick, USA • 2005 – 2008 Lecturer, • 2009 Ferran Sunyer i Balaguer Prize California, Santa Cruz, USA worldwide in Computer Science Regensburg, Germany German Zoological Society (DZG) • 2003 – 2008 MRC Senior University of Bristol, UK • 2008 Whitehead Prize • 2007 PhD, University of California, Logic • 2006 – 2010 Group Leader, • 2012 Research Award Lower Austria: Scientist (tenure-track), MRC Selected Distinctions • 2002 – 2005 Postdoctoral Research • 2007 EPSRC Advanced Research Berkeley, USA • 2007 David J. Sakrison Prize, University of Regensburg, Germany Anerkennungspreis des Landes Anatomical Neuropharmacology • 2011 ERC Starting Grant Fellow, University of Oxford, UK Fellowship best thesis in EECS, University of • 2006 Junior Fellow, Institute of Niederösterreich Unit, University of Oxford, UK • 2010 Title of Ad Hominem Professor • 2001 – 2002 Postdoctoral Research California, Berkeley, USA Advanced Studies, Berlin, Germany • 2011 Elected Member of the Young • 2001 – 2002 Research Associate, in Neuroscience at the University of Fellow, Université de Paris-Sud, • 2001 President of India Gold Medal, • 2002 – 2006 Postdoc, University of Academy of the Austrian Academy of Center for Behavioral and Molecular Oxford Orsay, France best IIT student of the year Copenhagen, Denmark Sciences (ÖAW) Neuroscience, Rutgers University, • 2002 PhD, Magdalen College, • 2002 PhD, University of • 2009 ERC Starting Grant New Brunswick, USA University of Oxford, UK Regensburg, Germany • 2008 Member of the Young Academy of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and the Berlin- Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities; Alumna since 2013

The asymmetric distribution Poison spraying in ant colo- Ultra slow exposure image of of rational solutions on a nies: Garden ants disinfect a learning experiment on the Châtelet surface. Image by their colony by spraying their “cheeseboard” maze. Emmanuel Peyre (Institut formic acid-rich poison in Fourier). the nest and over the brood piles. The nest lined with pH-sensitive paper turns from blue to pink in the presence of acid. Picture by Chris D. Pull.

88 89 Johann Herbert László Johannes Danzl Edelsbrunner Erdős Fink High-resolution Optical Algorithms, Computational Geometry, Mathematics of Disordered Imaging for Biology and Computational Topology Quantum Systems and Matrices Quantum Integrated Devices

How can we decode the molecular architecture of biological sys- Understanding the world in terms of patterns and relations is the How do energy levels of large quantum systems behave? What do The Fink group’s research is positioned between quantum optics tems? How can we analyze living cells and tissues at the required undercurrent in computational geometry and topology, the broad the eigenvalues of a typical large matrix look like? Surprisingly, these and mesoscopic condensed matter physics. The team studies nanoscale spatial resolution? The central aim of the Danzl lab, an research area of the Edelsbrunner group. two very different questions have the same answer! quantum physics in electrical, mechanical, and optical chip-based interdisciplinary team of physicists, biologists, and neuroscientists, devices with the goal to advance and integrate quantum technology is to shed light on problems of biological and ultimately also medical While geometry measures shapes, topology focuses its attention Large complex systems tend to develop universal patterns that for simulation, communication, metrology, and sensing. relevance by developing and using a set of advanced light micros- on how the shapes are connected. These shapes may be three- often represent their essential characteristics. A pioneering vision of copy tools. dimensional (an artistic sculpture or a cave in a mountain), it may be Eugene Wigner was that the distribution of the gaps between energy One of Fink’s goals is to develop a microchip-based router that will four-dimensional (a galloping horse or a flexing protein), or it may levels of complicated quantum systems depends only on the basic be able to convert a microwave signal to an optical signal with near In conventional light microscopy, spatial resolution is limited by even have many more than four dimensions (the configuration space symmetry of the model and is otherwise independent of the physical unity efficiency. With such devices, the Fink group seeks to perform diffraction of light waves to about half the wavelength of light, or of a robot or the expression pattern of a cancer). The Edels­brunner details. This thesis has never been rigorously proved for any realistic quantum communication with superconducting circuits and telecom 200 nm. The Danzl group thus explores and extends the possibilities group approaches the two related subjects of geometry and topol- physical system, but experimental data and extensive numerics wavelength photons. In one project, the group uses a qubit to create of diffraction-unlimited methods. These enable resolution of tens ogy from a computational point of view. The computer aids in this leave no doubt as to its correctness. Erdős’ group took up the chal- a single photon state. With the router, this microwave photon is con- of nanometers, allowing them to capture a wealth of details of bio- study and it is used to make the insights useful in applications and lenge to verify Wigner’s vision with full mathematical rigor as well as verted into an optical photon, which can then be transmitted over logical specimens. Analyzing living cells and tissues at high spatial workable for non-specialists. The group believes in a broad to understand the underlying mechanism. Starting from the simplest long distances using low-loss optical fiber. The Fink group will also and temporal resolution in a minimally perturbative way poses approach that does not sacrifice depth, including the development model, a large random matrix with independent identically distribut- use this technique to entangle microwave and optical photons— additional challenges. To this end, the group works toward the of new mathematics, the design of new algorithms and software, ed entries, the group is now able to deal with arbitrary distributions an important step toward realizing worldwide quantum networks. development of novel imaging approaches, building on their exper- and the application in industry and other areas of science. and even matrices with correlated entries. The mathematical ideas Another direction is to develop higher quality qubits by using new tise both in fundamental physics and in high-resolution imaging. Candidate areas for fruitful collaborations include 3D printing, and tools developed along the way will extend the scope of random electrical circuit elements called geometric superinductors which They integrate the imaging with state-of-the-art technologies structural molecular biology, neuroscience, and, more generally, matrix theory and are likely to be used in their many applications help suppress charge fluctuations that can wash out the quantum to manipulate cells and tissues, and also to label them. data analysis. beyond quantum physics such as wireless communications and information stored on-chip. statistics. Current Projects Deep-tissue nanoscale imaging | Minimally perturbing high- Current Projects Discretization in geometry and dynamics | Topological data Current Projects Quantum electro-mechanics | Quantum microwave photonics | resolution imaging | Decoding of synapse nano-architecture | High-content analysis analysis in information space Current Projects Self-consistent resolvent equation and application in random Ultra-high impedance physics for hardware protected qubits | Quantum phononics of tissue microarchitecture Team Members 2018 Arseniy Akopyan (postdoc), Ranita Biswas (postdoc), Mabel matrices | Next order correction in the form factor for Wigner matrices | | Multi-qubit quantum electrodynamics Team Members 2018 Giulio Abagnale (postdoc), Wiebke Jahr (postdoc), Iglesias Ham (PhD student), Teresa Heiss (PhD student), Grzegorz Jablonski Local spectral universality for random band matrices | Spectral statistics of Team Members 2018 Georg Arnold (ÖAW DOC-funded PhD student), Shabir Mia Juracic (scientific intern), Caroline Kreuzinger (laboratory technician), Julia (postdoc), Zuzana Masárová (PhD student), Anton Nikitenko (postdoc), Katharina random matrices with correlated entries | Quantum spin glasses Barzanjeh (Marie Curie postdoctoral fellow), Farid Hassani (PhD student), William Michalska (PhD student), Mojtaba Tavakoli (PhD student), Sai Punuganti (ISTern), Ölsböck (PhD student), Georg Osang (PhD student), Morteza Saghafian (predoctor- Team Members 2018 Johannes Alt (PhD student), Giorgio Cipollini (PhD student), Hease (ISTplus postdoc), Mariia Labendik (ISTern), Moritz Laber (scientific intern), Shiva Safari (scientific intern), Sven Truckenbrodt (postdoc), Philipp Velicky al visiting scientist), Tiow Seng Tan (academic visitor), Wei Tian (predoctoral visiting Adrian Dietlein (ISTplus postdoc), Tibor Döme (scientific intern), Sofiia Dubova Alexander McKeehan (ISTern), Matilda Peruzzo (PhD student), Elena Redchenko (postdoc), Jakob Vorlaufer (scientific intern) scientist), Hubert Wagner (postdoc) (ISTern), Peter Mühlbacher (scientific intern), Peter Nejjar (postdoc, joint with (PhD student), Alfredo Rueda Sanchez (postdoc), Matthias Wulf (postdoc), Martin Maas group), Yuriy Nemish (postdoc), David Renfrew (FWF Lise Meitner postdoc), Zemlicka (postdoc) Career Selected Distinctions Career Selected Distinctions Dominik Schröder (PhD student), Dániel Viosztek (ISTFELLOW postdoc), • since 2017 Assistant Professor, • 2018 Otto-Kraupp Prize for the best • since 2009 Professor, IST Austria • ISI Highly Cited Researcher Ben Wallace (postdoc) Career Selected Distinctions IST Austria medical habilitation of 2017 in Austria, • 2004 – 2012 Professor of Mathemat- • 2018 Wittgenstein Award • since 2016 Assistant Professor, • 2018 Fritz Kohlrausch Award • 2012 – 2016 Postdoc, Department Society of Physicians in Vienna ics, Duke University, Durham, USA • 2018 ERC Advanced Grant Career Selected Distinctions IST Austria • 2017 ERC Starting Grant of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck • 2012 – 2014 Marie Curie • 1999 – 2012 Arts and Sciences • 2014 Fellow of the European • since 2013 Professor, IST Austria • ISI Highly Cited Researcher • 2015 – 2016 Senior Staff Scientist, • 2012 IQIM Postdoctoral Prize Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Intra-European Fellowship Professor for Computer Science, Association for Theoretical Computer • 2003 – 2013 Chair of Applied • 2017 Leonard Eisenbud Prize California Institute of Technology, Fellowship Göttingen, Germany • 2011 PhD thesis selected as one Duke University, Durham, USA Science Mathematics (C4/W3), Ludwig • 2016 Foreign Member, Hungarian Pasadena, USA • 2010 ETH Medal for Outstanding • 2010 – 2011 Postdoc, Institute for of the four best in the years 2009 • 1996 – 2013 Founder, Principal, and • 2014 Member, Austrian Academy Maximilian University of Munich, Academy of Sciences • 2012 – 2015 IQIM Postdoctoral Dissertation Experimental Physics, University of and 2010 by the AMO (Atomic, Director, Raindrop Geomagic of Sciences (ÖAW) Germany • 2015 Corresponding Member, Research Scholar, California • 2009 CSF Award at the QSIT Innsbruck, Austria Molecular, Optical) section of the • 1985 – 1999 Assistant, Associate, • 2012 Corresponding Member of the • 1998 – 2003 Assistant, Associate, Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Conference on Quantum • 2010 PhD, University of Innsbruck, German Physical Society and Full Professor, University of Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) Full Professor, Georgia Institute of • 2015 Member, Academia Europaea USA Engineering Austria • 2009 Liechtenstein Prize Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA • 2008 Member, German Academy Technology, Atlanta, USA • 2014 Invited Speaker, ICM • 2011 – 2012 Postdoctoral Research • 2005 MD, Medical University of • 2006 Scholarship for Intellectually • 1981 – 1985 Assistant, Graz of Sciences Leopoldina • 1995 – 1998 Courant Instructor/ • 2013 ERC Advanced Grant Fellow, ETH Zurich, Switzerland Innsbruck, Austria Highly Gifted Persons, Rotary Club University of Technology, Austria • 2006 Honorary Doctorate, Graz Assistant Professor, Courant • 2007 – 2016 Participant of SFB • 2010 PhD, ETH Zurich, Switzerland Innsbruck • 1982 PhD, Graz University of University of Technology Institute, New York University, USA TR12, Symmetries and Universality Technology, Austria • 2005 Member, American Academy • 1994 – 1995 Postdoc, ETH Zurich, • 1999 – 2005 NSF Grants of Arts and Sciences Switzerland • 1993 – 1994 Alfred P. Sloan • 1991 Alan T. Waterman Award, • 1994 PhD, Princeton University, USA Foundation Dissertation Fellowship National Science Foundation Two thin film aluminum spiral resonators are suspended The group develops new The three nested barycenter Variance profile of an inho- on a 220 nm thick silicon optical imaging approaches polytopes in three dimen- mogeneous random matrix H membrane and capacitively and applies them to biologi- sions. (top). Eigenvalue distribution coupled to a micro-machined cal questions. Top: Close-up of H and its limiting density nanostring mechanical of an optics module in one of (bottom). oscillator in the center. In the the group’s super-resolution presence of two frequency microscopes. Bottom: Nerve detuned pump fields this cell processes of living microchip device outputs cultured neurons imaged with a continuous stream of both super-resolution STED entangled microwave photons and conventional diffraction- at its two ports. limited (confocal) microscopy. STED reveals considerably more detail.

90 91 Julian Jiří Călin Edouard Fischer Friml Guet Hannezo Theory of Partial Differential Equations, Developmental and Systems and Synthetic Physical Principles Applied and Numerical Analysis Cell Biology of Plants Biology of Genetic Networks in Biological Systems

Diverse phenomena such as the motion of fluids or elastic objects, When conditions get tough, animals typically fight or flee, but plants Living systems are characterized by connections and interactions During embryo development, cells must “know” how to behave at the evolution of interfaces, or the physics of quantum-mechanical are rooted in their environment, and, as a result, have become across many scales—from genes to organelles, to cells, to organs, to the right place and at the right time. The Hannezo group applies particles are described accurately by partial differential equations. remarkably adaptable. The Friml group investigates the mechanisms ecologies—as parts of networks. Which basic rules, if any, do these methods from theoretical physics to understand how these robust The Fischer group works on the mathematical analysis of partial underlying plants’ adaptability during embryonic and postembryonic networks follow? The Guet group studies the molecular choices occur. differential equations that arise in the sciences, connecting also to development. biology and evolution of gene regulatory networks by analyzing areas like numerical analysis or probability. both natural and synthetic networks. The Hannezo group is particularly interested in design principles and Plants and animals have different life strategies. Plants are highly processes of self-organization in biology, at various scales, in close Partial differential equations are a fundamental tool for the descrip- adaptive, and able to modify development and physiology to en- Genes and proteins constitute themselves into bio-molecular collaboration with cell and developmental biologists. Their methods tion of many phenomena in the sciences, ranging from the physics vironmental changes; they can easily regulate growth, initiate new networks in cells. These genetic networks are engaged in a constant include tools from solid and fluid mechanics, statistical physics of continua like fluids or elastic solids over quantum mechanics to organs or regenerate tissues. Many of these developmental events process of decision-making and computation over time scales of as well as soft matter approaches. Examples of problems that the population biology. Julian Fischer and his group work on the mathe­ are mediated by the plant hormone auxin. The Friml group investi- a few seconds to the time it takes a cell to divide, and beyond. By group is working on—at three different scales—include: matical aspects of partial differential equations. One of the group’s gates the unique properties of auxin signaling, which can integrate studying existing networks and constructing synthetic networks in (1) How do cytoskeletal elements, which generate forces within main themes is the mathematical justification of model simplifica- both environmental and endogenous signals. Employing methods living cells, the group works to understand how molecular mecha- cells, self-organize to produce complex spatio-temporal patterns? tions. For example, an elastic material with a highly heterogeneous spanning molecular physiology, developmental and cell biology, nisms interact with evolutionary forces that ultimately shape each (2) How do cells concomitantly acquire identities and shape a tissue small-scale structure may in many cases be approximated as a genetics, biochemistry, and mathematical modeling, the group other. They use a variety of classical and modern experimental during development?, and (3) How does complex tissue architecture homogeneous material. Likewise, a fluid with low compressibility focuses on auxin transport, cell polarity, endocytic recycling, as techniques that, in combination, enable them to construct any derive from simple self-organizing principles, for instance during may in many cases be approximated as ideally incompressible. well as non-transcriptional mechanisms of signaling. In their work, imaginable network in living bacteria and thus to study the network branching morphogenesis (in organs such as the kidneys, mammary To justify such approximations, the group derives rigorous estimates the Friml group gains insights into the mechanisms governing plant dynamics from the single-cell level all the way to the level of small glands, pancreas, and prostate) as a prototypical example. for the approximation error. The techniques they employ connect development, and has shown how signals from the environment are ecologies, in which bacteria interact with bacteriophages. the analysis of PDEs with adjacent mathematical areas like numerical integrated into plant signaling and result in changes to plant growth Current Projects Stochastic branching in mammalian organs | Active fluids and analysis and probability. and development. Current Projects Information processing and evolution of complex promoters | cell cytoskeleton | Models of fate choices of stem cells during homeostasis and Single-cell biology of multi-drug resistance | Biology, ecology, and evolutionary embryo development dynamics of restriction-modification systems Team Members 2018 Daniel Boocock (PhD student), Bernat Corominas-Murtra Current Projects Effective behavior of random materials | Evolution of interfaces Current Projects Polar auxin transport | Cell polarity and polar targeting | Team Members 2018 Remy Chait (postdoc, joint with Tkačik group), Ivana (postdoc), Shilei Xue (postdoc) in fluid mechanics | Structure of fluctuations in stochastic homogenization | Endocytosis and recycling | Non-transcriptional mechanisms of signaling Glatzova (scientific intern), Rok Grah (ÖAW DOC-funded PhD student, joint with Entropy-dissipative PDEs Team Members 2018 Maciek Adamowski (postdoc), Philip Brewer (academic visi- Tkačik group), Katharina Hönig (scientific intern), Claudia Igler (ÖAW DOC-funded Career Selected Distinctions Team Members 2018 Nicola De Nitti (ISTern), Sebastian Hensel (PhD student), tor), Anton Dubenko (ISTern), Zuzana Gelova (predoctoral visiting scientist), Matous PhD student), Kirti Jain (ISTFELLOW postdoc), Stephanie Kainrath (PhD student), • since 2017 Assistant Professor, • 2015 Wellcome Trust Fellowship Michael Kniely (postdoc) Glanc (predoctoral visiting scientist), Jakub Hajny (PhD student), Huibin Han (PhD Mato Lagator (postdoc), Moritz Lang (postdoc), Anna Nagy-Staron (postdoc), Nela IST Austria • 2014 Young Researcher Prize of the student), Lukas Hörmayer (PhD student), Alexander Johnson (postdoc), Ivan Kulik Nikolic (ISTFELLOW postdoc), Dorothea Pittrich (scientific intern), Magdalena • 2015 – 2017 Sir Henry Wellcome Bettencourt-Schuller Foundation Career Selected Distinctions (scientific intern), Lanxin Li (PhD student), Gergely Molnar (postdoc), Madhumitha Steinrück (PhD student), David Toledo Aparicio (ISTern), Isabella Tomanek (PhD Postdoctoral Fellow, Gurdon • 2014 Trinity College Junior Research • since 2017 Assistant Professor, • 2015 Dr.-Klaus-Körper Prize, Narasimhan (PhD student), Lesia Rodriguez Solovey (EMBO-funded, ISTFELLOW student), Kathrin Tomasek (PhD student, joint with Sixt group) Institute, Cambridge, UK Fellowship IST Austria PhD Award of the GAMM postdoc), Yuliya Salanenka (postdoc), Scott Sinclair (postdoc), Shutang Tan • 2015 – 2017 Junior Research Fellow, • 2010 PhD grant from the French • 2014 – 2016 Postdoc, Max Planck (EMBO-funded postdoc), Mina Vasileva (PhD student), Inge Verstaeten (postdoc), Career Selected Distinctions Trinity College, University of Ministry of Research Institute for Mathematics in the XiXi Zhang (predoctoral visiting scientist), Yuzhou Zhang (ISTFELLOW postdoc) • since 2018 Professor, IST Austria • 2017 ESPCI Chair, Paris Cambridge, UK Sciences, Leipzig, Germany • 2011 – 2018 Assistant Professor, • 2015 ETAPS EASST Best Paper • 2014 Postdoc, Institut Curie, Paris, • 2013 – 2014 Postdoc, University Career Selected Distinctions IST Austria Award France of Zurich, Switzerland • since 2013 Professor, IST Austria • 2017 ERC Advanced Grant • 2009 Postdoc, Harvard University, • 2011 HFSP Young Investigator Grant • 2014 PhD, Institut Curie and • 2013 PhD, University of • 2007 – 2012 Full Professor, • 2016 Charles Albert Shull Award, USA • 2005 Yen Fellow, The University Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany University of Ghent, Belgium ASPB • 2005 – 2008 Postdoc, of Chicago Paris, France • 2006 Full Professor, University of • 2015 Selected to 2015 World’s Most University of Chicago, USA Göttingen, Germany Influential Scientific Minds • 2004 PhD, Princeton University, USA • 2002 – 2005 Group Leader, • 2015 Erwin Schrödinger Prize, Habilitation, University of Tübingen, Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) Germany • 2014 Běhounek Prize, • 2002 PhD, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Ministry of Education Czech Republic • 2012 EMBO Gold Medal • 2000 PhD, University of Cologne, • 2011 Elected Fellow Germany of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) • 2010 Member, EMBO A schematic picture of Polarity in Arabidopsis cells. • 2010 Körber European Science Fluorescent microscopy Successive snapshots from upscaling for a material with Award images of Escherichia coli a numerical simulation of a heterogeneous small-scale • 2010 Olchemim Scientific Award cells grown in a ‘mother- branching morphogenesis in structure. machine’, express AcrB-GFP the mouse kidney. • 2005 Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Prize to visualize the AcrAB-TolC • 2004 EMBO Young Investigator trans-membrane complex, Award the main multi-drug resis- • 2000 Max Planck Society Award: tance determinant of Gram The Otto Hahn Medal negative bacteria, which un- dergoes biased partitioning at cell division (Bergmiller et al Science 356, 311-15, 2017).

92 93 Tamás Carl-Philipp Thomas A. Simon Hausel Heisenberg Henzinger Hippenmeyer Design and Analysis of Genetic Dissection of Geometry and its Interfaces Morphogenesis in Development Concurrent and Embedded Systems Cerebral Cortex Development

How can we understand spaces too large for traditional analysis? The most elaborate shapes of multicellular organisms—the Humans and computers are surprisingly similar: While the interaction The human cerebral cortex, the seat of our cognitive abilities, is Combining ideas from representation theory and combinatorics, the elephant’s trunk, the orchid blossom, the lobster’s claw—all start between two actors may be simple, every additional actor compli- composed of an enormous number and diversity of neurons and glia Hausel group develops tools to study the topology of spaces arising off from a simple bunch of cells. This transformation of a seemingly cates matters. The Henzinger group builds the mathematical founda- cells. How the cortex arises from neural stem cells is an unsolved but from string theory and quantum field theory. unstructured cluster of cells into highly elaborate shapes is a tions for designing complex hardware and software systems. fundamental question in neuroscience. In the pursuit of mechanistic common and fundamental principle in cell and developmental insights, the Hippenmeyer group genetically dissects corticogenesis Suppose you have many particles, and consider the space made biology and the focus of the Heisenberg group’s work. Over 90% of today’s worldwide computing power is found in unex- at unprecedented single cell resolution using the unique MADM up of all the ways each particle can move between two points. pected places like cell phones or kitchen appliances. Software has (Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers) technology. Now, play the same game with more complicated objects, such as To gain insights into critical processes by which the developing become one of the most complicated man-made artifacts, making vector fields. The resulting spaces are too large to analyze, but it is organism takes shape, the Heisenberg group focuses on gastrula- software bugs unavoidable. The Henzinger group addresses the The Hippenmeyer group’s current objectives are (1) to establish a possible to simplify them along structural symmetries, giving rise to tion in zebrafish and ascidians, a highly conserved process in which challenge of reducing software bugs in concurrent and embedded definitive quantitative and mechanistic model of cortical neural stem moduli spaces that are finite-dimensional, but non-compact—again, a seemingly unstructured blastula is transformed into an organized systems. The former consist of parallel processes that interact cell lineage progression; (2) to dissect the cellular and molecular defying traditional methods. The Hausel group studies the topology, embryo. The group has chosen a transdisciplinary approach, with one another, whether in a global network or on a tiny chip. mechanisms generating cell-type diversity; (3) to determine the geometry, and arithmetic of these moduli spaces, which include employing a combination of genetic, cell biological, biochemical, Because of the large number of possible interactions between role of genomic imprinting, an epigenetic phenomenon, in cortex the moduli spaces of Yang-Mills instantons in four dimensions, and and biophysical tools. Using these tools, the group is addressing parallel processes, concurrent software is particularly error-prone, development. In a broader context, the group’s research has the Higgs bundles in two dimensions, among others. One question is how the interplay between the physical processes driving cell and and sometimes bugs show up after years of flawless operation. ultimate goal to advance the general understanding of brain function the number of high-dimensional holes of the spaces. Using methods tissue morphogenesis and the gene regulatory pathways determin- Embedded systems interact with the physical world; an additional and why human brain development is so sensitive to disruption of from representation theory and combinatorics, Hausel and his team ing cell fate specification control gastrulation. Insights derived from challenge for this kind of safety-critical software is to react suffi- particular signaling pathways in pathological neurodevelopmental are able to give results and conjectures that have previously been this work may ultimately have implications for the study of wound ciently quickly. The Henzinger group invents mathematical methods diseases and psychiatric disorders. described by physicists and number theorists in other terms, thus healing and cancer biology, as immune and cancer cells share many and develops computational tools for improving the reliability of connecting a wide variety of fields and ideas. morphogenetic properties of embryonic cells. software in concurrent and embedded systems. Current Projects Determine neuronal lineages by clonal analysis | Mechanisms generating cell-type diversity | Probing genomic imprinting in cortex development Team Members 2018 Nicole Amberg (FWF Hertha-Firnberg postdoc), Current Projects Geometry, topology, and arithmetic of moduli spaces arising Current Projects Cell adhesion | Actomyosin contraction | Cell and tissue Current Projects Analysis and synthesis of concurrent software | Quantitative Robert Beattie (FWF Lise Meitner postdoc), Giselle Cheung (ISTplus postdoc), in supersymmetric quantum field theories | Representation theory of quivers, finite morphogenesis | Cell polarization and migration modeling and verification of reactive systems | Predictability and robustness for Ximena Contreras Paniagua (PhD student), Amarbayasgalan Davaatseren (scientific groups, Lie and Hecke algebras Team Members 2018 Feyza Arslan (PhD student), Silvia Caballero Mancebo real-time and embedded systems | Model checking biochemical reaction networks intern), Andi Hansen (ÖAW DOC-funded PhD student), Susanne Laukoter (PhD Team Members 2018 Johannes Droschl (ISTern), Jan Friedmann (PhD student), (PhD student), Daniel Capek (PhD student, postdoc), Alba Diz-Muñoz (academic Team Members 2018 Milad Aghajohari (ISTern), Guy Avni (FWF Lise Meitner student), Florian Pauler (senior laboratory technician), Jonas Rybnicek (ISTern), Iordan Ganev (postdoc), Quoc Ho (postdoc), Penghui Li (postdoc), Sasha Minets visitor), Benoit Godard (postdoc), Karla Huljev (PhD student), Roland Kardos postdoc), Adrian Elgyütt (PhD student), Thomas Ferrere (postdoc), Miriam Garcia Olivia Slepecka (scientific intern), Johanna Sonntag (laboratory technician), (postdoc), András Sándor (PhD student), Mikhail Shkolnikov (ISTFELLOW postdoc), (ISTFELLOW postdoc), Joana Leitao Pinheiro Almeida Enes (project technician), Soto (postdoc), Mirco Giacobbe (PhD student), Hui Kong (postdoc), Bernhard Kragl Melissa Stouffer (ISTplus postdoc), Carmen Streicher (laboratory technician) Tanya Srivastava (ISTplus postdoc), Hongjie Yu (ISTplus postdoc), Gufang Zhao Yuuta Moriyama (academic visitor), Diana Nunes Pinheiro (EMBO-, HFSP-funded (PhD student), Alexander Scharinger (scientific intern), Christian Schilling (ISTplus (postdoc) postdoc), Nicoletta Petridou (EMBO-funded postdoc), Kornelija Pranjic-Ferscha postdoc), Luka Zeleznik (PhD student) Career Selected Distinctions (laboratory technician), Eduardo Pulgar (academic visitor), Guillaume (academic • since 2012 Assistant Professor, • 2016 ERC Consolidator Grant Career • 1999 – 2002 Miller Research Fellow, visitor), Alexandra Schauer (PhD student), Cornelia Schwayer (PhD student), Jana Career Selected Distinctions IST Austria* • 2014 HFSP Program Grant • since 2016 Professor, IST Austria Miller Institute for Basic Research Slovakova (postdoc), Zoltan Spiro (ISTFELLOW postdoc), Ste Tavano (postdoc), • since 2009 Professor, IST Austria • ISI Highly Cited Researcher • 2011 – 2012 Research Associate, • 2013 Marie Curie Career Integration • 2012 – 2016 Professor and Chair of in Science, University of California, Peng Xia (postdoc) • 2004 – 2009 Professor, EPFL, • 2015 Royal Society Milner Award Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA Grant Geometry, EPFL, Lausanne, Berkeley, USA Lausanne, Switzerland • 2015 EATCS Fellow • 2006 – 2011 Postdoctoral Fellow, • 2009 – 2011 Fellowship for Switzerland • 1998 – 1999 Member, Institute for Career Selected Distinctions • 1999 – 2000 Director, Max Planck • 2015 Honorary Doctorate, Masaryk Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA Advanced Researchers, Swiss • 2007 – 2012 Tutorial Fellow, Advanced Study, Princeton, USA • since 2010 Professor, IST Austria • 2017 ERC Advanced Grant Institute for Computer Science, University, Brno, Czech Republic • 2004 – 2006 Postdoctoral National Science Foundation, Bern, Wadham College, Oxford, UK • 1998 PhD, Trinity College, • 2001 – 2010 Group Leader, • 2017 Lower Austrian Science Award Saarbrücken, Germany • 2014 Most Influential 2004 POPL Associate, University of Basel and Switzerland • 2007 – 2012 University Lecturer, University of Cambridge, UK Max Planck Institute of Molecular • 2015 Member, EMBO • 1998 – 2004 Professor, University of Paper Award Friedrich Miescher Institute for • 2007 – 2009 HFSP Long-term University of Oxford, UK Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, • 2015 Member, German Academy of California, Berkeley, USA • 2013 AAAS Fellow Biomedical Research, Basel, Fellowship • 2005 – 2012 Royal Society Selected Distinctions Germany Sciences Leopoldina • 1997 – 1998 Associate Professor, • 2012 Wittgenstein Award Switzerland • 2006 EMBO Long-term Fellowship University Research Fellow, • 2013 ERC Advanced Grant • 1997 – 2000 Postdoc, University • 2000 Emmy Noether Junior University of California, Berkeley, • 2012 Honorary Doctorate, University • 2004 PhD, University of Basel, • 2005 Natural Sciences Faculty Prize University of Oxford, UK • 2009 EPSRC First Grant College London, UK Professorship USA Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France Switzerland for the best PhD thesis of the year • 2002 – 2010 Assistant, Associate • 2008 Whitehead Prize • 1996 PhD, Max Planck Institute of • 1996 – 1997 Assistant Professor, • 2012 Logic in Computer Science 2004, University of Basel, Professor, University of Texas, • 2005 Sloan Research Fellow Developmental Biology, Tübingen, University of California, Berkeley, Test-of-Time Award * tenure evaluation meanwhile successfully Switzerland Austin, USA Germany USA • 2011 Member, Austrian Academy of concluded • 2005 Edmond H. Fischer Prize • 1992 – 1995 Assistant Professor, Sciences (ÖAW) Cornell University, Ithaca, USA • 2011 ACM SIGSOFT Impact Paper • 1991 Postdoc, University Joseph Award Fourier, Grenoble, France • 2010 ERC Advanced Grant • 1991 PhD, Stanford University, • 2006 ACM Fellow Palo Alto, USA • 2006 IEEE Fellow Hitchin fibration on the real Zebrafish embryo at the • 2006 Member, Academia Europaea MADM-labeled clonally points of the toy model Higgs onset of gastrulation, stained related neurons and glia cells moduli space. for nuclei (blue), microtubules • 2005 Member, German Academy of distributed across the six lay- (red) and microtubule orga- Sciences Leopoldina ers in the cerebral cortex. nizing centers (white). • 1995 ONR Young Investigator Award • 1995 NSF Faculty Early Career Development Award

94 95 Björn Onur Maria Peter Hof Hosten Ibáñez Jonas Nonlinear Dynamics Quantum Sensing Synaptic Communication and Turbulence with Atoms and Light Functional Nanomaterials in Hippocampal Microcircuits

Most fluid flows of practical interest are turbulent, yet our under- The first quantum revolution yielded lasers and transistors more than Understanding structure-property relationships, as well as the Synapses enable communication between neurons in the brain. standing of this phenomenon is very limited. The Hof group seeks half a century ago. These days, a second quantum revolution is un- development of materials for target applications, is limited by our The Jonas group investigates how signals pass through these vital to gain insight into the nature of turbulence and the dynamics of raveling, yielding new quantum-enhanced technologies for informa- ability to control the nanostructure of solid state materials. One interfaces—a major undertaking in the field of neuroscience. complex fluids. tion processing, communications and sensing. The Hosten group is potential solution is through the use of nanocrystals, which can interested in developing new protocols and techniques in the sens- be used as artificial atoms to build up materials. By using colloidal Understanding the function of the brain is a major challenge in the Flows in oceans, around vehicles, and through pipelines are all ing branch of these developments using cold atoms and light. synthetic routes, it is possible to “grow” nanocrystals while precisely 21st century. The human brain comprises ~10 billion neurons, which highly turbulent. Turbulence governs friction losses and transport controlling their size, shape, crystalline phase, and composition, communicate through ~10’000 synapses per cell. Excitatory syn- and mixing properties. Despite its ubiquity, insights into the nature Onur Hosten is an experimental atomic and optical physicist. His thus making it possible to engineer these artificial atoms according apses use glutamate as a transmitter, whereas inhibitory synapses of turbulence are very limited. To obtain a fundamental understand- group develops innovative techniques to control the quantum to certain specifications. In this way, we are able to create a new release Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA). The group addresses ing of the origin and the principles underlying this phenomenon, the properties of atomic and optical systems. The experimental platform generation of complex materials in which components and two major questions: (1) What are the biophysical signaling and Hof group investigates turbulence when it first arises from smooth, is many-atom cavity-quantum-electrodynamics (cQED), where large functionalities can be defined in a predictable way. plasticity mechanisms at glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses in laminar flow. The group combines detailed laboratory experiments ensembles of atoms are laser-cooled, trapped inside of an optical the cortex? (2) How do specific synaptic properties generate higher with highly resolved computer simulations and applies methods cavity and made to interact strongly with light resonating inside the The Ibáñez group works to develop novel functional nanomaterials network functions? In their work, the group combines nanophysiol- from nonlinear dynamics and statistical physics, enabling them to cavity. The focus of the Hosten group is investigating the concepts using cost-efficient synthetic methods. The group employs nanopar- ogy, presynaptic patch-clamp and multi-cell recording, two-photon decipher key aspects of the transition from smooth to turbulent flow of quantum entanglement, quantum measurement, and light-assist- ticle and hybrid solution-nanoparticle precursors to investigate the Ca2+ imaging, optogenetics, in vivo recording, and modeling. One and identify universal features shared with disordered systems in ed atomic interactions to develop new sensing techniques, e.g., for properties and applications of these nanomaterials as functions of focus is hippocampal mossy fiber synapses and output synapses of other areas of physics. Some of these insights can be used to con- force or acceleration sensing, or for making ultra-precise clocks. their finely tunable nano-features. In particular, the team synthesizes parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneurons. trol turbulent flow, and the group actively develops such methods. In the long term, the Hosten group is interested in applying the colloidal nanoparticles and focuses on understanding their chemi- In addition, the group investigates instabilities in fluids with more precision sensors they develop to explore challenging experimental cal and physical properties, with the eventual goal of using these Current Projects Nanophysiology of fast-spiking, parvalbumin-expressing complex properties, such as dense suspensions of particles and questions such as the precise interplay between quantum mechan- nanoparticles as functional building blocks for diverse applications, GABAergic interneurons | Biophysics and circuit function of hippocampal mossy fiber synapses | Analysis of neuronal coding in vivo and in realistic network models polymer solutions. ics and gravity, or the nature of dark matter. primarily thermoelectrics and the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. Team Members 2018 Christina Altmutter (laboratory technician), Yoav Ben Simon (ISTFELLOW postdoc), Carolina Borges-Merjane (Marie Curie postdoctoral fel- Current Projects Transition from laminar to turbulent flow | Dynamics of complex Current Projects Design and construction of a traveling wave optical cavity with Current Projects Syntheses of novel metal and semiconductor nanocrystals | low), Chong Chen (PhD student), JingJing Chen (PhD student), Claudia Espinoza fluids | Control of fully turbulent flows | Cytoplasmic streaming | Instabilities in intra-cavity trapped cold atoms | Generation of spin-squeezed states of atomic Unravelling of nanocrystal surface chemistry | Nanocrystals assembly and con- Martinez (PhD student), Olena Kim (PhD student), Florian Marr (senior laboratory technician), Yuji Okamoto (postdoc), Magdalena Picher (postdoc), Benjamin Suter cardiovascular flows ensembles | Mapping atomic spin correlations into motional degrees of freedom | solidation | Transport properties of nanocrystal-based solids | Electrocatalytic CO2 Team Members 2018 Nishchal Agrawal (PhD student), Nazmi Budanur (postdoc), Squeezed-state atom interferometry conversion | Bottom-up processed thermoelectric nanomaterials (Marie Curie postdoctoral fellow), David Vandael (postdoc), Victor Vargas Barroso George Choueiri (ISTFELLOW postdoc), Mike Hennessey-Wesen (PhD student), Team Members 2018 Fritz Diorico (postdoc), Ilango Maran (scientific intern) Team Members 2018 Dogukan Apaydin (postdoc), Yu Liu (ISTplus postdoc) (ISTplus postdoc), Xiaomin Zhang (postdoc) Lukasz Klotz (ISTplus postdoc), Jakob Kühnen (postdoc), Grégoire Lemoult (postdoc), Jun Liu (ISTern), José Lopez Alonso (ISTFELLOW postdoc), Xingyu Career Selected Distinctions Career Selected Distinctions Career Ma (postdoc), Chaitanya Paranjape (PhD student), Michael Riedl (PhD student), • since 2018 Assistant Professor, • 2011 Outstanding Doctoral Theses • since 2018 Assistant Professor, • 2017 Ružička Prize • since 2010 Professor, IST Austria • 2011 ERC Advanced Grant Davide Scarselli (PhD student), Shayan Shamipour (PhD student), Balachandra IST Austria in AMO Physics (top four), American IST Austria • 2017 ETH Career Seed Grant • 1995 – 2010 Professor of Physiology NANOPHYS Suri (ISTFELLOW postdoc), Atul Varshney (ISTplus postdoc), Mukund Vasudevan • 2015 – 2017 Research Associate, Physical Society • 2014 – 2018 Research Fellow, • 2014 Beatriu de Pinós Postdoctoral and Department Head, University of • 2009 Adolf Fick Award, Physical- (laboratory technician) Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA • 2010 Karl van Bibber Postdoctoral ETH Zurich, Switzerland Grant Freiburg, Germany Medical Society, Würzburg, Germany • 2010 – 2015 Postdoctoral Scholar, Research Fellowship, Stanford • 2013 – 2014 Research Fellow, • 2013 PhD Extraordinary Award, • 1994 – 1995 Associate Professor, • 2008 Member, Academy of Technical University of Munich, Sciences, Heidelberg, Germany Career Selected Distinctions Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA University Catalonia Institute of Energy University of Barcelona Germany • 2007 Member of the Board of • since 2013 Professor, IST Austria • 2012 ERC Consolidator Grant • 2010 PhD, University of Illinois at • 2010 Pappalardo Postdoctoral Research (IREC), Barcelona, Spain • 2009 Training Program for Academic • 1990 – 1994 Research Assistant, Reviewing Editors, Science • 2007 – 2013 Research Group • 2011 Dr. Meyer Struckmann Urbana-Champaign, USA Fellowship (offered), Massachusetts • 2013 Visiting Researcher, Staff (FPU) Max Planck Institute for Medical • 2007 Tsungming Tu Award, National Leader, Max Planck Institute for Science Prize Institute of Technology Northwestern University, Evanston, Research, Heidelberg, Germany Science Council Taiwan Dynamics and Self-Organization, • 2005 RCUK Fellowship • 2008 Ross J. Martin Award for USA • 1988 – 1989 Postdoc, University of • 2006 DFG Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Göttingen, Germany Outstanding Research Achievement, • 2013 PhD, University of Barcelona, Giessen, Germany Award • 2005 – 2007 Lecturer, University of University of Illinois at Urbana- Spain • 1987 MD / PhD, University of • 2002 Member, German Academy of Manchester, UK Champaign Giessen, Germany Sciences Leopoldina • 2003 – 2005 Research Associate, • 1998 Max Planck Research Award Delft University of Technology, Selected Distinctions • 1997 Medinfar European Prize in The Netherlands • 2018 Erwin Schrödinger Prize, Physiology, President of Portugal • 2001 PhD, University of Manchester, Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) • 1994 BMBF Heinz Maier Leibnitz UK • 2016 FWF Wittgenstein Award Award • 2016 ERC Advanced Grant • 1992 DFG Heisenberg Fellowship GIANTSYN • 2016 Elected Member Editorial Cold atoms interacting with An analogy of how the Ibáñez Board, Neuron light inside of an optical group builds materials from cavity the bottom up, assembling • 2015 Member, Academia Europaea nanoparticles into macro- scopic, multi-compound materials. This strategy has Ensemble of eight recon- no competing technology structed neurons in the that can match the nanome- hippocampal dentate gyrus. ter-scale control over crystal The synapses between these domain size, shape, crystal neurons are believed to play phase, and 3D-composition a critical role in pattern sepa- distribution. ration (Espinoza et al., Nature Communications, 2018).

96 97 Maximilian Georgios Anna Vladimir Jösch Katsaros Kicheva Kolmogorov Tissue Growth and Neuroethology Nanoelectronics Developmental Pattern Formation Discrete Optimization

Maximilian Jösch and his team study the neuronal basis of innate Computers are becoming ever more powerful due to the continu- Individuals of the same species can differ widely in size, but their When we step out into the street, we automatically judge the behaviors, i.e. the processes implemented by neuronal circuits ous miniaturization of transistors. In his research, Georgios Katsaros organs have reproducible proportions and patterns of cell types. distance and speed of cars. For computers, estimating the depth to transform sensory information into motor commands. Using uses low-dimensional semiconductor materials for the fabrication This requires the coordination of tissue growth with the generation of objects in an image requires complex computations. A popular a combination of molecular and physiological approaches, they of nanodevices. With these nanodevices, the solid-state physicist of diverse cell types during development. The Kicheva group studies approach for tackling this problem is to use discrete optimization monitor brain activity during animal behavior to reveal the principles investigates the fundamental physical concepts on which quantum how this coordination is achieved in the vertebrate neural tube, the algorithms—the research focus of the Kolmogorov group. and motifs of neuronal computation. computing could be based in the future. embryonic precursor of the spinal cord and brain. The work of Vladimir Kolmogorov’s group can be divided into three Two different model organisms, the mouse and the fruit fly Georgios Katsaros develops semiconductor nanodevices and stud- Neural tube development is controlled by signaling molecules called topics. The first is the development of efficient algorithms for infer- (Drosophila melanogaster), are being used in parallel to take ies the quantum effects that appear when these nanotransistors are morphogens. Morphogens determine what type of neuron a neural ence in graphical models and combinatorial optimization problems. advantage of their unique strengths and gather a general, cross- cooled down. One quantum mechanical property of a charge carrier progenitor cell will become. They also control tissue growth by Some of the group's techniques are widely used in computer vision phyla understanding of computational principles. Experiments in is its spin. The spin of a charge carrier can be used in order to create influencing the decisions of cells to divide or exit the cell cycle. The and other areas, for example the “Boykov-Kolmogorov” maximum the mouse will allow the group to study the mechanisms used by a quantum bit. Katsaros investigates such quantum bits, or qubits, by goal of the Kicheva group is to better understand how morphogen flow algorithm and the “TRW-S” algorithm for MAP inference in the nervous system to send behaviorally relevant information from manipulating them with microwave signals. In classic computers, a signaling is controlled and interpreted by cells to determine cell fate pairwise graphical models. Kolmogorov’s “Blossom V” algorithm is the eye to the brain, e.g., to easily detect a red apple in the green bit can be in only one of two states, zero or one. In quantum comput- and cell cycle progression. One of the main projects in the lab inves- currently the fastest technique in practice for computing a mini- foliage. By conducting experiments in the fly, the group intends to ers, a qubit can be both zero and one at the same time. By combining tigates the role of the morphogen sonic hedgehog in controlling the mum cost perfect matching in a graph. The second focus is the obtain comprehensive understanding of the molecular, anatomical, semiconductor nanodevices with superconductors, the Katsaros size of the mouse neural tube. The group uses diverse quantitative theoretical investigation of the complexity of discrete optimization, and physiological instructions conveyed by a highly defined circuit group is also aiming to study Majorana fermions. These have been experimental approaches. This includes collection of high-resolution in particular using the framework of valued constraint satisfaction involved in course control. This is possible because neuronal suggested as building blocks for a topological quantum computer in spatiotemporal datasets of signaling and gene expression in mouse problems and their variants. Finally, the Kolmogorov group has circuits in the fly brain are highly stereotyped, allowing high- which quantum information would be protected from environmental and chick neural tube development, imaging, and ex vivo assays. worked on applications of discrete optimization in computer vision, throughput screenings of the behavioral role of identified cells. perturbations. The group collaborates with biophysicists to relate their experiments such as image segmentation and stereo reconstruction. to theoretical frameworks. Current Projects Comprehensive mapping of the behavioral repertoire instructed Current Projects Towards hole spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Current Projects Inference in graphical models | Combinatorial optimization by defined neuronal circuitries | Role of electrical synapses in sensory transforma- Germanium | Hybrid semiconductor-superconductor quantum devices | Current Projects Integration of opposing morphogen gradients | Morphogen problems | Theory of discrete optimization tions | Mechanisms of visual saliency and attention | State dependent modulation Hole spin orbit qubits in Ge quantum wells control of tissue growth | Morphogen gradient formation Team Members 2018 Seyed Gatmiry (scientific intern), Paul Swoboda (postdoc) of sensory information | Sensorimotor transformation in the superior colliculus Team Members 2018 Maksim Borovkov (scientific intern), Matthias Brauns (post- Team Members 2018 Laura Bocanegra (PhD student), Martina Greunz (laboratory Team Members 2018 Laura Burnett (PhD student), Arka Pal (scientific intern), doc), Luka Drmic (project technician), Andrea Hofmann (postdoc), Daniel Jirovec technician), Kasumi Kishi (PhD student), Katarzyna Kuzmicz (ÖAW DOC-funded Career Selected Distinctions Victoria Pokusaeva (PhD student), Roshan Satapathy (PhD student), Kieran Sharma (PhD student), Jason Jung (laboratory technician), Josip Kukucka (PhD student), PhD student), Marcin Zagórski (postdoc) • since 2014 Professor, IST Austria • 2018 Best Paper Award – Honorable (ISTern), Anton Sumser (EMBO-, HFSP-funded postdoc), Olga Symonova (project Joshua Milem (PhD student), Konrad Prikoszovich (ISTern), Marco Valentini (ISTern), • 2011 – 2014 Assistant Professor, Mention at IEEE/CVF Conference technician), Tomas Vega Zuniga (postdoc) Lada Vukušić (PhD student, postdoc), Hannes Watzinger (PhD student, postdoc) Career Selected Distinctions IST Austria on Computer Vision and Pattern • since 2015 Assistant Professor, • 2015 ERC Starting Grant • 2005 – 2011 Lecturer, University Recognition Career Selected Distinctions Career IST Austria • 2009 Marie-Curie Intra-European College London, UK • 2013 ERC Consolidator Grant • since 2017 Assistant Professor, • 2017 ERC Starting Grant • since 2016 Assistant Professor, • 2006 PhD, Max Planck Institute • 2008 – 2015 Postdoc, National Fellowship • 2003 – 2005 Assistant Researcher, • 2012 Koenderink Prize at the IST Austria • 2016 Article Recommendation IST Austria for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Institute for Medical Research • 2008 FEBS Long-term Fellowship Microsoft Research, Cambridge, UK European Conference on Computer • 2010 – 2016 Postdoc and Research by F1000 • 2012 – 2016 Group Leader, Germany (The Francis Crick Institute), UK • 2003 PhD, Cornell University, Ithaca, Vision for fundamental contributions Associate, Harvard University, • 2014 Best Poster Award, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, • 2001 – 2002 Research Assistant, • 2008 PhD, University of Geneva, USA to computer vision Cambridge, USA Retina FASEB Meeting Austria National Center for Scientific Switzerland and Max Planck Institute • 2007 Honorable mention, • 2009 Postdoc, Max Planck Institute • 2011 Otto Hahn Medal, • 2011 – 2012 Group Leader, Leibniz Research “Demokritos”, Athens, of Cell Biology and Genetics, outstanding student paper award of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Max Planck Society Institute for Solid State and Materials Greece Dresden, Germany (to M. Pawan Kumar) at Neural Germany • 2011 Best Neuroscience Article, Research, Dresden, Germany Information Processing Systems • 2009 PhD, Max Planck Institute of Neuroforum • 2006 – 2010 Postdoc, CEA, Selected Distinctions Conference Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany • 2010 HFSP Long-term Fellowship Grenoble, France • 2015 Member, Young Academy • 2006 – 2011 Royal Academy of Engi- and Ludwig Maximilian University, • 2009 Summa Cum Laude, of the Austrian Academy neering/EPSRC Research Fellowship Munich, Germany PhD thesis of Sciences (ÖAW) • 2005 Best Paper Award – Honorable (a) Scanning transmission • 2013 ERC Starting Grant Mention at IEEE Conference on electron microscope image along a hut wire embed- • 2013 FWF START Award Computer Vision and Pattern ded in epitaxial silicon. (b) • 2012 FWF Lise Meitner Fellowship Recognition Wire cross section at higher • 2011 Marie Curie Carrier Integration • 2002 Best Paper Award at the resolution. (c) Atomic force Grant European Conference on Computer microscopy image of Vision uncapped Ge HWs. (d) Scan- ning electron micrograph of a HW contacted by Pd On the left, a fly brain show- source and drain electrodes. The opposing Shh (green) ing a randomized expression (e) COMSOL simulations of and BMP (red) morphogen of different genetic tools the out-of-plane (top) and signaling gradients (left) and (green and red) in neurons the in-plane (bottom) strain the striped pattern of target involved in course control. distribution of a capped HW. gene expression (right) in the On the right, a close-up to (f) Schematic representation mouse neural tube. neurons in a circuit of the of a processed three-terminal Example of the “Grabcut” mouse brain that are known device studied in this work. interactive image segmenta- to modulate innate visual- (g)-(j) Magnetotransport mea- tion algorithm based on driven behaviors. surements around a charge graph cuts, which has been degeneracy points taken for incorporated in Microsoft magnetic fields applied at Office 2010. different directions.

98 99 Fyodor Christoph Mikhail Martin Kondrashov Lampert Lemeshko Loose Computer Vision and Theoretical Atomic, Evolutionary Genomics Machine Learning Molecular, and Optical Physics Self-organization of the Cell

How did living organisms become the way we know them today? Today’s computer programs are “idiots savant”: Software that is ex- “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.” Aristotle’s saying How are nanometer-sized proteins able to perform complex func- The Kondrashov lab is focused on understanding the natural world tremely good at a certain task, such as playing chess, is completely also holds true in many systems studied in quantum physics. Mikhail tions on a cellular scale? The Loose group studies the molecular in an evolutionary context, typically focusing on studying genetic useless for most other tasks like searching a database, and vice Lemeshko investigates how macroscopic quantum phenomena mechanisms of intracellular self-organization by using purified information due the abundance of DNA and protein sequence data. versa. The Lampert group works on methods for computers to break emerge in ensembles of atoms and molecules. components and advanced fluorescence in a bottom-up approach. out of this limitation by sharing information between different tasks. Kondrashov and his group do not restrict themselves to studying Most polyatomic systems in physics, chemistry, and biology are Although most individual players required for specific cellular pro- specific functions or phenotypes; instead, a staple feature of their Modern computer software adapts to its users, e.g. voice recogni- strongly correlated: Their complex behavior cannot be deduced cesses have been identified, how they act together to accomplish research is a focus on how functions and phenotypes change tion software learns to understand its speaker better over time, and from the properties of their individual components. Despite consid- their specific task is not yet understood. Instead of looking at com- over time. Therefore, their research is inherently interdisciplinary, email programs learn which of all incoming emails are spam and erable effort, understanding strongly correlated, many-body systems plex phenomena in an intact cell, the Loose group aims to rebuild grounded in classical evolutionary fields of population genetics and should therefore be suppressed. However, this learning process still presents a formidable challenge. For instance, given a single cellular functions from purified components. This bottom-up ap- molecular evolution while drawing from other fields, such as cell happens independently for each task that the computer is meant atom of a certain kind, it is hard to predict whether the resulting bulk proach allows for a better control of the experimental conditions and and molecular biology, bioinformatics, and biophysics. Recently, to solve. The Lampert group develops and analyzes algorithms that material will be solid, gaseous or liquid, crystalline or amorphous, a quantitative characterization of the underlying molecular process- the group has become increasingly interested in the experimental allow computers to learn new tasks while making use of the knowl- magnetic or non-magnetic, conductive or insulating. The Lemeshko es. Ultimately, this helps to identify the mechanistic principles that assay of fitness landscapes. Combining experiments, theory, and edge acquired from previous tasks. A particular application area is group studies how many-particle quantum phenomena emerge in allow to give rise to living systems. The interdisciplinary approach of computational biology, they query how changes in the genotype automatic image understanding, whereby the goal of the software is ensembles of atoms and molecules, and in so doing, answers ques- the Loose group combines biochemical reconstitution experiments affect fitness or specific phenotypes. In the near future, they hope to analyze the contents of a natural image and automatically answer tions such as: How many particles are sufficient for a given property with advanced fluorescence microscopy, biomimetic membrane to expand their experimental capabilities in order to query a wider questions such as: What objects are visible in the image? Where are to emerge? How does an external environment modify the proper- systems, and image analysis. They currently focus on two research range of interesting phenotypes in a high-throughput manner. they located? How do they interact? ties of quantum systems? Their theoretical efforts aim to explain questions: (1) What is the mechanism of bacterial cell division?, and experiments on cold molecules and ultra-cold quantum gases, as (2) What are the emergent properties of small GTPase networks Current Projects Empirical fitness landscapes | Protein evolution in the context Current Projects Life-long visual learning | Transfer learning | Image well as predict novel, previously unobserved phenomena. involved in membrane identity formation and vesicle transport? of epistasis | Population genomics of the spoon-billed sandpiper understanding with weak supervision | Structured prediction and learning Team Members 2018 Polina Avdiunina (scientific intern), Pilar Baldominos Flores Team Members 2018 Phuong Bui Thi Mai (PhD student), Hung Hoang (scientific (laboratory technician), Liliia Fakhranurova (postdoc), Ana Gutierrez Franco intern), Alexander Kolesnikov (PhD student), Nikola Konstantinov (PhD student), Current Projects Understanding angular momentum properties of quantum Current Projects Identifying biochemical networks that determine intracellular (postdoc), Dmitrii Ivankov (postdoc), Nastia Lyulina (laboratory technician), Mariya Ehsan Pajouheshgar (scientific intern), Marian Poljak (scientific intern), Bernd Prach many-particle systems | Studying open quantum systems and understanding organization | Studying the mechanism of polarity establishment and cell division Minkevich (scientific intern), Aygul Minnegalieva (ISTern), Iro Pierides (project (scientific intern), Amélie Royer (PhD student), Alexander Zimin (PhD student) how dissipation acts at the microscopic scale | Many-body physics of ultra-cold Team Members 2018 Natalia Baranova (HFSP-funded postdoc), Urban Bezeljak technician), Daniil Poliakov (ISTern), Katya Putintseva (postdoc), Karen Sarkisyan quantum gases | Developing techniques to manipulate atoms, molecules, and (PhD student), Paulo Dos Santos Caldas (BIF-funded PhD student), Christian (EMBO-funded postdoc), Petr Vlasov (postdoc) Career Selected Distinctions interactions between them with electromagnetic fields Düllberg (ISTFELLOW postdoc), Victoria Faas (ISTern), Larysa Ivashko (ISTern), • since 2015 Professor, IST Austria • since 2015 Associate Editor in Chief Team Members 2018 Giacomo Bighin (postdoc), Igor Cherepanov (PhD student), Katrin Loibl (laboratory technician), Maria Lopez Pelegrin (laboratory technician) Career Selected Distinctions • 2010 – 2015 Assistant Professor, of the IEEE Transactions on Pattern Areg Ghazaryan (ISTplus postdoc), Xiang Li (PhD student), Mikhail Maslov (ISTern, • since 2017 Professor, IST Austria • 2017 ERC Consolidator Grant IST Austria Analysis and Machine Intelligence PhD student), Wojciech Rzadkowski (PhD student), Enderalp Yakaboylu (ISTFELLOW Career Selected Distinctions • since 2012 Scientific Director, • 2016 Plan Estatal, Spanish Ministry • 2007 – 2010 Senior Research (T-PAMI) postdoc) • since 2015 Assistant Professor, • 2015 HFSP Young Investigator Grant School of Molecular and Theoretical of Economics and Competitiveness Scientist, Max Planck Institute for • 2012 ERC Starting Grant IST Austria • 2015 ERC Starting Grant Biology • 2016 Zimin Foundation Grant for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, • 2008 Best Paper Award, IEEE Career Selected Distinctions • 2011 – 2014 Departmental Fellow, • 2012 – 2014 HSFP Long-term • 2011 – 2017 ICREA Research School of Molecular and Theoretical Germany Conference for Computer Vision • since 2014 Assistant Professor, • 2018 ERC Starting Grant Harvard Medical School, Boston, Fellowship Professor, Centre for Genomic Biology • 2004 – 2007 Senior Researcher, and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) IST Austria • 2017 Ludwig Boltzmann Prize, USA • 2011 – 2012 EMBO Long-term Regulation, Barcelona, Spain • 2014 ERC Starting Grant German Research Center for • 2008 Best Student Paper Award, • 2011 – 2014 ITAMP Postdoctoral Austrian Physical Society • 2010 – 2011 Postdoc, TU Dresden Fellowship • 2008 – 2017 Junior Group Leader, • 2013 Plan Nacional Grant, Artificial Intelligence, Kaiserslautern, European Conference for Computer Fellow, Harvard University, • 2012 One of four finalists, worldwide and Max Planck Institute of • 2010 Dr. Walter Seipp Award for best Centre for Genomic Regulation, Spanish Ministry of Economics and Germany Vision (ECCV) Cambridge, USA Thesis Prize competition, AMO Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, dissertation at TU Dresden Barcelona, Spain Competitiveness • 2003 PhD, University of Bonn, • 2008 Main Prize, German Society • 2011 PhD, Fritz Haber Institute of the division of the American Physical Dresden, Germany • 2001 – 2009 Student and PhD • 2008 PhD, University of California, • 2012 Howard Hughes Medical Germany for Pattern Recognition (DAGM) Max Planck Society, Berlin, Society • 2010 PhD, TU Dresden and Max Fellowship of the German National San Diego, USA Institute International Early Career Germany • 2011 ITAMP Postdoctoral Fellowship Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Scholarship Foundation Scientist Award Biology and Genetics, Dresden, • 2011 EMBO Young Investigator Germany Award • 2010 Theodosius Dobzhansky Prize from Society for the Study of Evolution • 2010 Plan Nacional Grant, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation • 2005 National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow

Lowland coastal tundra in Schematic illustration of Fine structure appearing Using in vitro reconstitution of the Chukotka region, seen multi-task learning: Informa- in the rotational spectrum minimal biochemical systems here from a helicopter, is tion is transferred between of a molecule due to the to understand self-organized the breeding habitat of the different learning tasks interaction with a quantum processes in the living cell. spoon-billed sandpiper, a through a suitably weighted many-body environment. model species of migrating sharing of annotated training waders. examples. As a consequence, the number of necessary training examples per task is reduced and the prediction quality improved.

100 101 Jan Gaia Krzysztof Leonid Maas Novarino Pietrzak Sazanov Genetic and Molecular Basis Structural Biology of Stochastic Analysis of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Cryptography Membrane Protein Complexes

Airplane turbulence, stock rate fluctuations, and epidemic spread- Gaia Novarino’s research aims to study genes underlying inherited Cryptography, the science of information security, is often relegated Membrane proteins are responsible for many fundamental cellular ing are examples of highly irregular real-world phenomena subject forms of neurodevelopmental disorders such as epilepsy, intellectual to the realm of spies and secret agents. However, we all rely on processes including the transport of ions and metabolites, energy to randomness, noise, or uncertainty. Mathematician Jan Maas disability, and autism. Neurodevelopmental disorders affect millions cryptography on a daily basis, for example when using internet conversion, and signal transduction. They are the target of about two develops new methods for the study of such random processes in of people and are often refractory to treatments. Her group employs banking or a wireless car key. thirds of modern drugs. However, membrane proteins, especially science and engineering. many different techniques—from molecular biology to behavior—to large complexes, are challenging for structural studies and so are identify common pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this The cryptography group at IST Austria works on theoretical and underrepresented in structural databases. Random processes are often so irregular that existing mathemati- group of disorders. practical aspects of cryptography, including: cal methods are insufficient to describe them accurately. The Maas Crypto for light-weight devices. The team works towards provably The Sazanov group has long been interested in the structural group combines ideas from probability theory, mathematical analy- Neurodevelopmental disorders are caused by mutations in a secure cryptographic schemes for light-weight devices such as biology of membrane proteins. The main emphasis has been on sis, and geometry to gain new insights into the complex behavior of plethora of genes, whose role in the brain is mostly unknown. Iden- RFID tags, which are too constrained to run existing cryptographic complex I of the respiratory chain, a huge (~1 MDa) enzyme central these processes. Their recent work has been inspired by ideas from tifying the molecular mechanisms underlying these genetic forms of schemes. to cellular energy production. So far, they have determined all the optimal transport, a subject originating in economics and engineer- seizure, autism syndromes, and intellectual disability may retain the Leakage-resilient cryptography. This project aims to construct first atomic structures of complex I, from bacterial to the more ing that deals with the optimal allocation of resources. The Maas key to develop therapeutic strategies for this group of conditions. schemes that are provably secure against “side-channel attacks”. elaborate mammalian version. The structures suggest a unique group applies these techniques to diverse problems involving com- The Novarino group studies the function of epilepsy, intellectual These are attacks in which an attacker exploits information leaked mechanism of proton translocation, which they are studying using plex networks, chemical reaction systems, and quantum mechanics. disability, and autism-causing genes at the system, cellular, and mo- during computation from a cryptographic device like a smart card. both X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. They are Another research focus is stochastic partial differential equations. lecular levels with the goal of providing a framework for the develop- Sustainable Cryptocurrencies. Bitcoin is the first successful digital also investigating other related membrane protein complexes, such These equations are commonly used to model high-dimensional ment of effective pharmacological therapies and the background for currency. Its popularity comes from the fact that it is decentralized, as antiporters. Their studies will help to understand the molecular random systems in science and engineering, ranging from bacteria the identification of new pathological genetic variants. Their work in so no central authority controls it. To achieve security despite design of some of the most intricate biological machines. Medical colony growth to weather forecasting. The Maas group develops understanding the underlying mechanisms will moreover advance decentralization, a huge amount of computing power is constantly implications are multifaceted and the Sazanov group is interested robust mathematical methods to study these equations, which is the overall understanding of the human brain. wasted towards generating “proofs of work”. This is economically in developing potential drug candidates. expected to lead to new insights into the underlying models. and ecologically problematic. The Pietrzak group works towards Current Projects Molecular mechanisms underlying autism spectrum disorders | more sustainable cryptocurrencies. Current Projects Mechanism of coupling between electron transfer and proton Current Projects Homogenization of discrete optimal transport | Curvature- SETD5 gene in intellectual disability | Modeling epileptic encephalopathies and au- translocation in complex I | Structure and function of mitochondrial respiratory tism spectrum disorders in human brain organoids | Role of the autism-associated supercomplexes | Structure and function of other membrane protein complexes dimension criteria for Markov processes | Gradient flow structures in dissipative Current Projects Leakage-resilient cryptography | Cryptosystems for light-weight quantum systems gene CHD8 in cortical development | The role of branched amino acid-dependent relevant to bioenergetics pathways in neurodevelopmental disorders devices | Computational entropy | Memory-hard functions | Cryptocurrencies Team Members 2018 Alexej Charnagalov (laboratory technician), Arianna Cocco Team Members 2018 Dario Feliciangeli (PhD student), Dominik Forkert (PhD stu- Team Members 2018 Hamza Abusalah (PhD student), Joël Alwen (postdoc), Arka dent), Mate Gerencser (FWF Lise Meitner, ISTFELLOW postdoc), David Hornshaw Team Members 2018 Narkhyun Bae (ISTplus postdoc), Isabel Chew (ISTern), Ilaria (postdoc), Mikel García Alija (ISTern), Javier Gutiérrez-Fernandez (postdoc), Domen Chiaradia (academic visitor), Alberto Coll Manzano (laboratory technician), Federica Choudhuri (predoctoral visiting scientist), Chethan Kamath Hosdurg (PhD student), Kampjut (PhD student), Karol Kaszuba (FWF Lise Meitner postdoc), James Letts (academic visitor), Lorenzo Portinale (PhD student), Peter Nejjar (postdoc, joint Karen Klein (PhD student), Oleksandra Lapiha (ISTern), Maciej Skorski (predoctoral with Erdős group), Dominic Wynter (ISTern), Giovanni Zanco (postdoc) Danti (PhD student), Barbara de Sousa Oliveira (ISTplus postdoc), Elena Deliu (Marie Curie postdoctoral fellow), Kristina Lukic (PhD student), Julia Steiner (ÖAW (postdoc), Zoe Dobler (academic visitor), Christoph Dotter (PhD student), Farnaz visiting scientist), Samarth Tiwari (ISTern), Michael Walter (postdoc) DOC-funded PhD student), Irene Vercellino (ISTplus postdoc), Long Zhou (postdoc) Career Selected Distinctions Freeman (laboratory technician), Luis Garcia Rabaneda (postdoc), Jasmin Morandell (PhD student), Eva Reinthaler (postdoc), Roberto Sacco (postdoc), Career Selected Distinctions Career • since 2014 Assistant Professor, • 2016 ERC Starting Grant • since 2016 Professor, IST Austria • 2015 ERC Consolidator Grant IST Austria • 2013 – 2014 Project Leader in Hanna Schön (scientific intern), Margit Szigeti (ISTplus postdoc), Dora-Clara • since 2015 Professor, IST Austria • 1990 – 1992 Postdoc, Belozersky Tarlungeanu (PhD student), Aysan Yahya (PhD student) • 2011 – 2016 Assistant Professor, • 2010 ERC Starting Grant • 2006 – 2015 Program Leader, MRC Institute of Physico-Chemical • 2009 – 2014 Postdoc, University of Collaborative Research Centre “The IST Austria Bonn, Germany mathematics of emergent effects” Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biology, Moscow State University, Career Selected Distinctions • 2005 – 2011 Scientific Staff Member, Cambridge, UK Russia • 2009 Postdoc, University of • 2009 – 2011 NWO Rubicon Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Warwick, UK Fellowship • since 2014 Assistant Professor, • 2017 Knight Grand Cross, • 2000 – 2006 Group Leader, MRC • 1990 PhD, Moscow State University, IST Austria* Order of Merit of the Italian Republic Amsterdam, The Netherlands Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Russia • 2009 PhD, Delft University of • 2006 Postdoc, École Normale Technology, The Netherlands • 2010 – 2013 Postdoc, UCSD • 2016 Simons Foundation Autism Cambridge, UK (Joseph Gleeson Lab), La Jolla, USA Research Initiative (SFARI) Supérieure, Paris, France • 1997 – 2000 Research Associate, Selected Distinctions • 2006 – 2010 Postdoc, Center for Investigator • 2005 PhD, ETH Zurich, Switzerland MRC Laboratory of Molecular • 2018 Member, EMBO Molecular Neurobiology, Hamburg, • 2016 ERC Starting Grant Biology, Cambridge, UK • 2016 Academic Editor, Cell Stress Germany and MDC/FMP (Thomas • 2016 FENS-Kavli Scholar • 1994 – 1997 Research Fellow, • 2013 Member of Faculty of 1000 Jentsch Lab), Berlin, Germany • 2015 Boehringer Ingelheim FENS Imperial College, London, UK • 2012 EMBO Grant • 2006 PhD, University La Sapienza, Research Award 2016 • 1992 – 1994 Postdoc, University of • 2004 Royal Society Grant Rome, Italy • 2014 Citizens United for Research in Birmingham, UK • 2002 Royal Society Grant Epilepsy (CURE) Taking Flight Award • 1992 Wellcome Trust Fellowship * tenure evaluation meanwhile successfully • 2012 Citizens United for Research concluded in Epilepsy (CURE) Young Investigator Travel Award • 2011 DFG 2-year Fellowship Light-weight devices require Structure of the entire mito- simple and efficient crypto- chondrial respiratory graphic schemes. complex I (mammalian en- zyme from Ovis aries, solved by cryo-EM). Each of 45 pro- tein subunits is colored differ- ently. Approximate location of the mitochondrial membrane Gradient flow discretization Analysis of neuronal morphol- is indicated in grey. of a fourth-order diffusion ogy in autism spectrum equation. disorder mouse models.

102 103 Florian Robert Maksym Ryuichi Schur Seiringer Serbyn Shigemoto Structural Biology of Condensed Matter Cell Migration and Viral Infection Mathematical Physics Theory and Quantum Dynamics Molecular Neuroscience

Structural plasticity and movement play fundamental roles in life, The Seiringer group develops new mathematical tools for the How do isolated quantum systems behave when prepared in a highly Information transmission, the formation of memory, and plasticity from the level of whole organisms down to cells, viruses and indi- rigorous analysis of many-particle systems in quantum mechanics, non-equilibrium state? How can such quantum systems avoid the are all controlled by various molecules at work in the brain. Focusing vidual molecules. The Schur group uses advanced cryo-electron with a special focus on exotic phenomena in quantum gases, like ubiquitous relaxation to a thermal equilibrium? How can we gain on the localization and distribution of molecules in brain cells, the microscopy and image processing methods to study the structure Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity. novel insights into properties of quantum matter using modern non- Shigemoto group investigates their functional roles in higher brain and function of protein complexes in situ, where they can adopt equilibrium probes? These and other open questions in the field of functions. different conformations or are continuously remodeled. A basic problem in statistical mechanics is to understand how the quantum non-equilibrium matter are the focus of the Serbyn group. same equations on a microscopic level lead to a variety of very The release of neurotransmitters from a nerve cell into the synapse, The Schur group focuses on the dynamic actin cytoskeleton, the different manifestations on a macroscopic level. Due to the intrinsic The majority of isolated quantum systems thermalize, i.e., they reach where they act on receptors of the connecting nerve cell, is the key player in the ability of cells to move. Actin-mediated cell migra- mathematical complexity of this problem, one typically has to resort thermal equilibrium when starting from non-equilibrium states. The primary process of information transmission and computation in tion is important in physiological events as embryonic development to perturbation theory or other uncontrolled approximations, whose first research direction of the Serbyn group is to understand mecha- the brain. The Shigemoto group studies the localization of single or wound healing, but deregulation of these processes leads to justification remains open. It therefore remains a challenge to derive nisms of thermalization breakdown. Many-body localized systems neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, and other functional pathologies including tumor cell metastasis and pathogen infec- non-perturbative results and to obtain precise conditions under present one generic example of thermalization breakdown due molecules to understand the molecular basis of neuronal information tion. The team thus aims to understand the underlying structural which the various approximations can or cannot be justified. For to the presence of strong disorder. The Serbyn group is studying processing. The group has pioneered several methods for study- principles that control these complex mechanisms. In addition, they this purpose it is necessary to develop new mathematical tech- properties of many-body localized phase and phase transition into ing the localization of functional molecules at an unprecedented are studying complex and irregular viruses, including retroviruses niques and methods. These new methods lead to different points thermalizing phase. Kinetically constrained models present another sensitivity, detecting and visualizing even single membrane proteins and selected DNA-viruses, where the latter are also important model of view and thus increase our understanding of physical systems. class of systems with some signatures of thermalization breakdown. in nerve cells using SDS-digested freeze-fracture replica labeling. organisms to understand actin-mediated pathogen propulsion. Concrete problems under current investigation include the spin- The Serbyn group is actively working on non-equilibrium properties They apply these methods to investigate the mechanisms of signal- Viruses are useful tools for electron microscopy method develop- wave approximation in magnetism, the validity of the Bogoliubov of quantum models with constrained dynamics. A second area of ing and plasticity in the brain, with questions ranging from neuro- ment, but deciphering their structure is also crucial for understand- approximation for the excitation spectrum of dilute Bose gases, interest to the Serbyn group is related to non-equilibrium probes in transmission to learning. ing features of the viral lifecycle, as assembly and infection. and pattern formation in Ising models with competing interactions. condensed matter systems. Current Projects Ultrastructural localization and function of receptors and ion Current Projects In situ structural biology of actin-mediated processes in cell Current Projects Stability of many-body systems with point interactions | The Current Projects Many-body localization | Quantum ergodicity breaking | channels in the brain | Mechanisms of long-term memory formation | Left-right migration | Structure and function of filopodia across scales | Structural Heisenberg ferromagnet at low temperature and the spin-wave approximation | Non-equilibrium probes of solids | Spin-orbit coupled materials asymmetry of hippocampal circuitry conservation and diversity of retroviral capsid Excitation spectrum and superfluidity for weakly interacting Bose gases Team Members 2018 Anya Goremykina (academic visitor), Alexios Michailidis Team Members 2018 Catarina Alcarva (ÖAW DOC-funded PhD student), Sameha Team Members 2018 Darya Chernikova (scientific intern), Georgi Dimchev (FWF Team Members 2018 Niels Benedikter (postdoc), Chiara Boccato (postdoc), (postdoc), Peng Rao (scientific intern), Marijana Vujadinovic (ISTern) Azizi (scientific intern), Pradeep Bhandari (PhD student), Matthew Case (post- Lise Meitner postdoc), Florian Fäßler (postdoc), Marco Kuslar (scientific intern), Andreas Deuchert (postdoc), Nikolai Leopold (postdoc), Simon Mayer (PhD doc), Kohgaku Eguchi (Marie Curie postdoctoral fellow), Felipe Fredes Tolorza Martin Obr (postdoc), Andreas Thader (project technician), Bettina Zens (PhD student), Thomas Moser (PhD student) Career Selected Distinctions (postdoc), Elena Hollergschwandtner (laboratory technician), Marijo Jevtic (PhD student), Yuanmin Zhou (scientific intern) • since 2017 Assistant Professor, • 2013 Andrew Locket III Memorial student), David Kleindienst (ÖAW DOC-funded PhD student), Peter Koppensteiner Career Selected Distinctions IST Austria Fund Award, Massachusetts Institute (postdoc), Elodie Le Monnier (laboratory technician), Jacqueline-Claire Montanaro- Career Selected Distinctions • since 2013 Professor, IST Austria • 2016 ERC Advanced Grant • 2014 – 2017 Gordon and Betty of Technology Punzengruber (senior laboratory technician), Diana Shevchuk (ISTern), Maria Silva • since 2017 Assistant Professor, • 2016 Paper of the Year Award, • 2010 – 2013 Associate Professor, • 2012 – 2017 William Dawson Moore Postdoctoral Fellow, • 2009 – 2010 Praecis Presidential Sifuentes (laboratory technician), Shigekazu Tabata (postdoc), Manuel Weninger IST Austria Journal of Structural Biology McGill University, Montreal, Canada Scholarship University of California, Berkeley, Graduate Fellowship, Massachusetts (scientific intern) • 2016 – 2017 Postdoc, European • 2011 Poster Prize, 26th Annual • 2005 Habilitation, University of • 2012 – 2014 NSERC E.W.R. Steacie USA Institute of Technology Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Cytoskeleton Forum Vienna, Austria Memorial Fellowship • 2014 PhD, Massachusetts Institute • 2005 – 2006 Enrico Fermi Junior Career Selected Distinctions Heidelberg, Germany • 2003 – 2010 Assistant Professor, • 2009 – 2010 U.S. National Science of Technology, Cambridge, USA Grant • since 2013 Professor, IST Austria • ISI Highly Cited Researcher • 2016 PhD, European Molecular Princeton University, USA Foundation CAREER Grant • 1998 – 2014 Professor, National • 2017 Member, Academia Europaea Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg and • 2001 – 2003 Postdoc, Princeton • 2009 Henri Poincaré Prize of the Institute for Physiological Sciences, • 2016 ERC Advanced Grant University of Heidelberg, Germany University, USA International Association of Okazaki, Japan • 2000 ISI Citation Laureate Award • 2000 – 2001 Assistant, University of Mathematical Physics • 1990 – 1998 Assistant Professor, Vienna, Austria • 2004 – 2006 Alfred P. Sloan Fellow Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, • 2000 PhD, University of Vienna, • 2001 – 2003 Erwin Schrödinger Kyoto, Japan Austria Fellow • 1994 PhD, Kyoto University, Japan • 1985 MD, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Japan

Near-atomic resolution Phase diagram of a dilute (a) Local constraint disallows Clustering of P/Q-type structure of retroviral Bose gas. two occupied sites next to voltage-dependent calcium assemblies by cryo-electron each other, defining a kine- channels (red) in the pre- tomography reveals matically constrained model. synaptic active zone (blue) important features in viral (b) The Hilbert space and of parallel fiber-Purkinje assembly and maturation. Hamiltonian of a kinematically cell synapses in the rat constrained model with cerebellum. six sites can be conveniently represented as a graph.

104 105 Sandra Daria Michael Gašper Siegert Siekhaus Sixt Tkačik Neuroimmunology in Morphodynamics of Theoretical Biophysics Health and Disease Invasive Migration Immune Cells and Neuroscience

Identifying brain function has primarily concentrated on how environ- The ability of cells to migrate is crucial for their function in the im- Immune cells zip through our bodies at high speeds to fight off How do networks built out of biological components—neurons, sig- mental signals are encoded within a complex neuronal network—the mune system, the formation of the body, and the spread of cancer. infections and diseases. The Sixt group works at the interface of cell naling molecules, genes, or even cooperating organisms—process impact of the immune system was mostly overlooked. The Siegert The Siekhaus group investigates how cells move within the complex biology and immunology to investigate how cells are able to migrate information? In contrast to engineered systems, biological networks group focuses on how neurons and microglia interact with each other environment of an organism, using the genetic power of the fruit fly through tissues. operate under strong constraints due to noise, limited energy, or and how malfunctions within this relationship impact neuronal circuit to interrogate this process and identify ways in which it is regulated. specificity, yet nevertheless perform their functions reliably. The formation and function in health and disease. Most cells in our bodies are stationary, forming solid tissues and group uses biophysics and information theory to understand the Vertebrate immune and cancer cells need to squeeze between encapsulated organs. One exception are leukocytes, immune cells principles and mechanisms behind this remarkable phenomenon. Microglia are the CNS-resident macrophages and continually sense closely connected cells to disseminate in the body. Daria Siekhaus essential for both the innate and adaptive immune responses to their neuronal environment. They switch between functional states and her group study how cells penetrate such tissue barriers, infections. Leukocytes migrate with extraordinary speed and are How can cells in a multicellular organism reproducibly decide what that either promote or counteract removal of circuit elements. But using the developmental movement of macrophages in the fruit fly used by the Sixt group as a model to study cell migration. The group tissue they are going to become? How do neurons in the retina how microglia decide when to alter circuit elements without inducing Drosophila melanogaster as a model. The Siekhaus group uses a works at the interface of cell biology, immunology, and biophysics, cooperate to best encode visual information into neural spikes? circuit malfunction is not known. Activated microglia are a feature of combination of imaging, genetics, cell biology, and biophysics to and aims to identify basic mechanistic principles that are equally im- How does the physics at the microscopic scale, which dictates how CNS pathologies such as glaucoma and Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, identify the strategies that underlie tissue invasion. The group has portant for developmental processes and cancer cells. One research individual regulatory molecules interact with each other, constrain it is important to study the contribution of these cells and to develop recently found that a cytokine conserved in vertebrates facilitates focus is how the cell’s internal skeleton generates and transduces the kinds of regulatory networks that are observed in real organisms strategies for manipulating them in a beneficial manner. The Siegert macrophage invasion by reducing tension in surrounding tissues, the force to move the cell forward. The group also investigates how today, and how can such networks evolve? These are some of the lab addresses this using the mammalian retina, which consists of acting through a previously unidentified pathway. The group is cells navigate along guidance cues, specifically how they orient their questions addressed by the Tkačik group. About half of their time is morphologically well-defined cell types that are precisely mapped in also focusing on studying the functions of novel genes required in polarity axis in response to chemotactic gradients. In their work, the dedicated to data-driven projects performed in close collaboration their connection and functional properties. They combine molecular Drosophila macrophages for tissue penetration that are conserved members of the Sixt group combine genetics, pharmacology, micro- with experimentalists, and half on purely theoretical projects. biology, virology, genomics, computational, and functional imag- in vertebrates, and studies their roles in immune function and engineering, surface chemistry, and advanced imaging approaches, Their goal is to develop theoretical ideas about biological network ing as well as iPS technology to translate their observations to a cancer metastasis. as well as in vivo imaging techniques. function and connect them to high-precision data. human-relevant perspective. Current Projects The role of tissue tension in regulating invasive migration | Current Projects Environmental control of leukocyte migration | Cellular force Current Projects Visual encoding in the retina | Genetic regulation during early Current Projects To define microglial activation | To identify strategies to manage A novel transporter and its effect on glycosylation, immune function and generation and transduction | Interpretation of chemo-attractive gradients embryogenesis | Collective dynamics | Evolution of gene regulation microglia in neuronal environment | To recapitulate microglia-neuron interaction in a metastasis | The role of transcriptional control to tune a subpopulation of Team Members 2018 Jonna Alanko (Stiftelsernas-funded postdoc), Frank Assen Team Members 2018 Anna Andersson (postdoc), Sarah Cepeda Humerez human model system macrophages to facilitate invasion (PhD student), Markus Brown (postdoc), Nikola Canigova (PhD student), (PhD student), Remy Chait (postdoc, joint with Guet group), Daniele De Martino Team Members 2018 Katarina Bartalska (laboratory technician), Gloria Colombo Team Members 2018 Maria Akhmanova (FWF Lise Meitner postdoc), Vera Belyaeva Alessandra Casano (EMBO-funded postdoc), Ingrid de Vries (senior laboratory (ISTFELLOW postdoc), James Ferrare (scientific intern), Mantas Gabrielaitis (PhD student), Evangelia Fourli (scientific intern), Verena Hübschmann (master’s (PhD student), Julia Biebl (laboratory technician), Shamsi Emtenani (PhD student), technician), Anna Deart (academic visitor), Florian Gärtner (Marie Curie post- (ISTFELLOW postdoc), Rok Grah (ÖAW DOC-funded PhD student, joint with Guet student), Irina Khven (ISTern), Medina Korkut (project technician), Margaret Maes Attila György (laboratory technician), Michaela Misova (PhD student), Aparna doctoral fellow), Tamara Girbl (postdoc), Miroslav Hons (postdoc), Alba Juanes group), Jan Humplik (PhD student), Bor Kavčič (PhD student), Wiktor Mlynarski (ISTFELLOW postdoc), Rajeshwari Meli (FWF-funded postdoc), Bálint Nagy Ratheesh (postdoc), Justine Renno (project technician), Marko Roblek (postdoc), Garcia (postdoc), Aglaja Kopf (PhD student), Alexander Leithner (postdoc), Maria (ISTplus postdoc), Roshan Prizak (PhD student), Thomas Sokolowski (postdoc) (predoctoral visiting scientist), Rouven Schulz (ÖAW DOC-funded PhD student), Katarina Valosková (PhD student), Stephanie Wachner (ÖAW DOC-funded PhD Nemethova (senior laboratory technician), Jörg Renkawitz (postdoc), Anne Iris Soliman (master’s student), Alessandro Venturino (laboratory technician), student) Reversat (postdoc), Julian Stopp (PhD student), Saren Tasciyan (PhD student), Career Selected Distinctions Gabriele Wögenstein (scientific intern) Kathrin Tomasek (PhD student, shared with Guet group) • since 2017 Professor, IST Austria • 2018 HFSP Grant Career Selected Distinctions • 2011 – 2016 Assistant Professor, • 2012 HFSP Grant • since 2012 Assistant Professor, • 2016 FWF Grant Career Selected Distinctions IST Austria • 2003 Burroughs-Wellcome Career Selected Distinctions IST Austria • 2012 Marie Curie Career Integration • since 2013 Professor, IST Austria • 2016 ERC Consolidator Grant • 2008 – 2010 Postdoc, University of Fellowship, Princeton University • since 2015 Assistant Professor, • 2017 Liese Prokop Award • 2003 – 2011 Research Scientist, Grant • 2010 – 2013 Assistant Professor, • 2014 EMBO Member Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA • 2002 Golden Sign of the University IST Austria • 2016 ERC Starting Grant Skirball Institute, New York • 2003 – 2005 NIH Fellowship IST Austria • 2013 European Biophysical • 2007 Postdoc, Princeton University, of Ljubljana • 2011 – 2015 Postdoctoral Associate, • 2013 SWISS OphthAWARD University Medical Center, USA • 2008 – 2010 Endowed Professor, Societies Association (EBSA) Young USA Massachusetts Institute of • 2012 HFSP Long-term Fellowship • 1999 – 2003 Postdoctoral Fellow, Peter Hans Hofschneider Foundation Investigator Medal • 2007 PhD, Princeton University, USA Technology, Cambridge, USA • 2011 EMBO Long-term Fellowship University of California, Berkeley, for Experimental Biomedicine • 2013 Member, Young Academy • 2010 PhD, Friedrich Miescher • 2011 SNSF Fellowship for USA • 2005 – 2010 Group Leader, Max of the Austrian Academy Institute for Biomedical Research, prospective researchers • 1998 PhD, Stanford University, USA Planck Institute of Biochemistry, of Sciences (ÖAW) Basel, Switzerland Martinsried, Germany • 2012 Ignaz L. Lieben Award • 2003 – 2005 Postdoc, Institute for • 2011 ERC Starting Grant Experimental Pathology, Lund, • 2011 FWF START Award Sweden • 2008 Endowed Professor of the • 2003 MD, University of Erlangen, Peter Hans Hofschneider Foundation Germany • 2003 Novartis Dissertation Prize • 2002 Approbation in human medicine

Left column: top-view of a Immune cells (red) of the fruit microglia in a healthy, adult neu- fly Drosophila melanogaster Cells entering a lymph vessel. Analyzing positional informa- ronal environment (top); Bottom, before and after tissue tion during fruit fly develop- activated microglia engulfing an entry. Images are tracings of ment. apoptotic cell (magenta; primary data. bottom). Middle column: Im- munostaining of an activated microglia (green) containing a lysosomal marker (cyan) and engulfing apoptotic cells (magenta). Right column: Surface rendering of one of the engulfments. Scale bar: 20 μm.

106 107 Beatriz Uli Chris Vicoso Wagner Wojtan Sex Chromosome Discrete and Computational Computer Graphics and Biology and Evolution Geometry and Topology Physics Simulation

Sex chromosomes, such as the X and Y of mammals, are involved How and when can a geometric shape be embedded in n-dimen- Computer simulations of natural phenomena are indispensable for in sex-determination in many animal and plant species. Their sex- sional space without self-intersections? What restrictions does this modern scientific discoveries, modern engineering, and the digital specificity leads them to evolve differently from other chromosomes, place on the shape? These and other questions in combinatorial arts. The Wojtan group uses techniques from physics, geometry, and acquire distinctive biological properties. The Vicoso group and computational geometry and topology are central to the Wagner and computer science to create efficient simulations and detailed investigates how sex chromosomes evolve over time, and what group’s research program. computer animations. biological forces are driving their patterns of differentiation. A simplicial complex is a description of how to represent a geo- Natural phenomena like flowing fluids and shattering solids are The Vicoso group is interested in understanding several aspects of metric shape by gluing together points, edges, triangles, and their both beautifully chaotic and overwhelmingly complex. This com- the biology of sex chromosomes, and the evolutionary processes n-dimensional counterparts in a “nice” way. Simplicial complexes plexity makes them extremely difficult to compute without the aid that shape their peculiar features. By combining the use of next- are a natural way to represent shapes for the purposes of computa- of a supercomputer. The Wojtan group overcomes this complexity generation sequencing technologies with studies in several model tion and algorithm design, and the Wagner group explores both their by combining laws of motion from physics, geometric theories from and non-model organisms, they can address a variety of standing topological properties, such as embeddability, as well as what can mathematics, and algorithmic optimizations from computer science questions, such as: Why do some Y chromosomes degenerate while be proved about their combinatorics—e.g. bounds on the number to efficiently compute highly complicated natural phenomena on others remain homomorphic, and how does this relate to the extent of simplices—given a particular geometric or topological constraint. consumer-grade computing hardware. Their research achieves of sexual dimorphism of the species? What forces drive some spe- More generally, the researchers take classical topological questions some of the world’s fastest and most detailed simulations through cies to acquire global dosage compensation of the X, while others and consider them from a combinatorial point of view, and con- a deeper understanding of the underlying mathematical models only compensate specific genes? What are the frequency and versely, they use techniques and ideas from topology to approach and inventing novel computational techniques. molecular dynamics of sex chromosome turnover? questions in combinatorics. They are moreover interested in the computational aspects of such problems, in particular questions of Current Projects Efficient simulation of fluid and fracture dynamics | Numerical Current Projects Sex chromosome turnover and conservation | Dosage decidability (does an algorithm exist?) and complexity (if so, what and geometric algorithms for solving partial differential equations | Algorithms for re-using simulation data | Computational physics applied to motion pictures, video compensation in female-heterogametic species | Gene expression evolution in are the costs in terms of time or space?). sexual and asexual species games, and virtual reality Team Members 2018 Claire Fourcade (PhD student), Christelle Fraisse Team Members 2018 Ewa Gajda-Zagórska (postdoc), Dalila Saulebekova (ISTern), (ISTFELLOW postdoc, joint with Barton group), William Gammerdinger (ISTplus Current Projects Embeddings of simplicial complexes | Topological Tverberg- Camille Schreck (postdoc), Tomas Skrivan (PhD student), Georg Sperl (PhD student), postdoc), Ann Kathrin Huylmans (FWF Lise Meitner postdoc), Réka Kelemen (PhD type problems and multiple self-intersections of maps | Discrete isoperimetric Peter Synak (PhD student) student), Ariana Macon (laboratory technician), Marion Picard (postdoc), Gemma inequalities and higher-dimensional expanders Puixeu Sala (PhD student, joint with Barton group), Julia Raices (PhD student), Team Members 2018 Alan Arroyo Guevara (ISTplus postdoc), Sergey Avvakumov Career Selected Distinctions Melissa Toups (postdoc) (PhD student), Illia Babiienko (ISTern), Marek Filakovský (postdoc), Peter Franek • since 2015 Professor, IST Austria • 2016 ACM SIGGRAPH Significant (FWF Lise Meitner postdoc), Radoslav Fulek (FWF Lise Meitner postdoc), Kristóf • 2011 – 2014 Assistant Professor, New Researcher Award Career Selected Distinctions Huszár (PhD student), Anna Krymova (ISTern), Zuzana Masárová (PhD student), IST Austria • 2015 Eurographics Young Researcher • since 2015 Assistant Professor, • 2017 Member of the Young Academy Pavel Paták (postdoc), Zuzana Patáková (ISTFELLOW postdoc), Pascal Wild (PhD • 2010 PhD, Georgia Institute of Award IST Austria of the Austrian Academy of Sciences student), Stephan Zhechev (PhD student) Technology, Atlanta, USA • 2015 Eurographics Günter Enderle • 2009 – 2014 Postdoc, University of • 2016 ERC Starting Grant Best Paper Award California, Berkeley, USA • 2016 FWF Standalone Grant Career Selected Distinctions • 2014 ERC Starting Grant • 2010 PhD, University of Edinburgh, • 2011 DeLill Nasser Travel Award • since 2018 Professor, IST Austria • 2018 Best Paper Award at the • 2013 Microsoft Visual Computing Scotland, UK from the Genetics Society of • 2013 – 2018 Assistant Professor, Symposium on Computational Award America IST Austria Geometry (SoCG) • 2011 Georgia Institute of Technology • 2012 – 2013 SNSF Research • 2014 Best Paper Award at the Sigma Chi Best PhD Thesis Award Assistant Professor, Institut de Symposium on Computational • 2005 National Science Foundation Mathématiques de Géométrie et Geometry (SoCG) Graduate Research Fellowship Applications, EPFL, Lausanne, • 2012 Research Assistant Switzerland Professorship Grant of Swiss • 2008 – 2012 Senior Research National Science Foundation (SNSF) Associate, Institute of Theoretical • 2012 Best Paper Award at the Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Symposium of Discrete Algorithms Switzerland (SODA) • 2006 – 2008 Postdoctoral • 2004 Richard Rado Prize Researcher, Institute of Theoretical Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Switzerland • 2004 – 2006 Postdoc, Einstein Institute for Mathematics, The The Wojtan group redefined The Vicoso group uses brine Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the state of the art in real- shrimp of the genus Artemia Israel time ocean simulation by to investigate selection in • 2004 Postdoc, Univerzita Karlova, combining novel computer males and females. Prague, Czech Republic algorithms with theories from fluid dynamics and applied • 2003 Postdoc, Mathematical mathematics. Sciences Research Institute, Berkeley, USA • 2004 PhD, ETH Zurich, Switzerland

108 109 PhD Students at IST Austria 2018 PhD Graduates Postdocs at IST Austria IST Austria Alumni Network (Data as of December 31, 2018) (Data as of December 31, 2018) (Data as of December 31, 2018; data are self-reported by members of the IST Austria Alumni Network, actual counts may be higher)

Total number of PhD Students: 185 Total number of Postdocs: 158 This year, 21 students completed their PhDs, bringing the total

number of graduates to 63. These students, with the names of their groups and dissertation titles, are listed below.

Gender among PhD Students Johannes Alt, Erdős group, “Dyson equation and eigenvalue Gender among Postdocs Total number of Alumni: 264 statistics of random matrices”

Vera Belyaeva, Siekhaus group, “Transcriptional regulation of PhD Graduates 57 Postdocs (at least one year spent at IST Austria) 207 macrophage migration in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo”

Daniel Capek, Heisenberg group, “Optogenetic Frizzled 7

reveals a permissive function of Wnt/PCP signaling in directed 46.5% 53.5% 32.3% 67.7% mesenchymal cell migration” Matthew Case, Shigemoto group, “From the left to the right: A tale Country of nationality of asymmetries, environments, and hippocampal development” Chong Chen, Jonas group, “Synaptotagmins ensure speed and Germany 13.3% Country of nationality efficiency of inhibitory neurotransmitter release” Country of nationality Austria 10.2% Igor Gridchyn, Csicsvari group, “Reactivation content is China 7.6% Austria 21.6% important for consolidation of spatial memory” Germany 12.7% Czech Republic 6.8% Slovakia 7.0% Eva Gschaider-Reichhart, Janovjak group, “Optical and Austria 7.6% France 4.9% Italy 7.0% optogentic control of cell proliferation and survival” Italy 7.0% Spain 4.5% India 7.0% Abusalah Hamza, Pietrzak group, “Proof systems for sustainable Spain 6.3% Italy 4.2% Germany 7.0% decentralized cryptocurrencies” China 5.7% Other (38*) 48.5% Russia 3.8% Andrej Hurny, Benková group, “Identification and characterizationof France 4.4% Czech Republic 3.2% novel auxin-cytokinin cross-talk components” India 4.4% Other (37*) 43.4% Mabel Iglesias Ham, Edelsbrunner group, “Multiple covers Other (36*) 51.9% with balls” Current country of employment Alexander Kolesnikov, Lampert group, “Weakly-supervised segmentation and unsupervised modeling of natural images” Austria 14.4% Country of previous (BS or MA) institution Susanne Laukoter, Hippenmeyer group, “Role of genomic Country of PhD institution USA 13.3% imprinting in cerebral cortex development” Germany 12.9% Austria 22.7% Alexander Leithner, Sixt group, “Branched actin networks Germany 17.1% UK 6.8% UK 9.7% in dendritic cell biology” Austria 13.9% Switzerland 6.4% Germany 7.6% Catherine McKenzie, Janovak group, “Design and characterization USA 10.8% France 5.3% India 6.0% of methods and biological components to realize synthetic Spain 8.2% Czech Republic 3.8% Czech Republic 4.9% neurotransmission” France 8.2% Other (25*) 37.1% Italy 4.9% Thomas Moser, Seiringer group, “Point interactions in systems UK 5.7% Slovakia 3.2% of fermions” Switzerland 5.1% Russia 3.2% Harald Ringbauer, Barton group, “Inferring recent demography Other (21*) 31.0% Other (31*) 37.8% from spatial genetic structure” Alumni by employment sector Magdalena Steinrück, Guet group, “The influence of sequence context on the evolution of bacterial gene expression” Academia 67.4% Dora Tarlungeanu, Novarino group, “The branched chain amino Field of research I/P Sector** 19.3% Field of research acids in autism spectrum disorders” Public Sector 11.0% Lada Vukusic, Katsaros group, “Charge sensing and spin relaxation Biology 39.2% Unknown 2.3% Biology 25.4% times of holes in Ge hut wires” Physics 19.6% Computer Science 11.9% Hannes Watzinger, Katsaros group, “Ge hut wires—from growth Neuroscience 19.0% Physics 11.4% to hole spin resonance” Mathematics 12.0% Neuroscience 11.4% Alexander Zimin, Lampert group, “Learning from dependent data” Computer Science 9.6% Mathematics 5.4% Chemistry 0.6% Unaffiliated** 34.5%

* Number of countries * Number of countries/Unknown ** In fall 2018, IST Austria had the biggest freshman class of 56 students, who after one year need to pass a qualifying exam to be affiliated. * Number of countries ** Industry/Private Sector

110 111 Interns at IST Austria Scientific Service Units Administration at IST Austria (Data for the entirety of 2018) at IST Austria

ISTern Summer Interns Other Interns at IST Austria Scientific Service Units currently operational at IST Austria: Administration at IST Austria comprises the following areas: • Bioimaging Facility • Academic Affairs Total number of ISTerns: 39 Total number of other interns: 50 • Electron Microscopy Facility • Graduate School Office • Nanofabrication Facility • Grant Office

• Library • Campus IT Services

• Life Science Facility • Communications & Events Gender among ISTerns Gender among other interns • Miba Machine Shop • Construction & Maintenance • Preclinical Facility • Environment, Health & Safety

• Scientific Computing • Executive Affairs • Office of the President

• People & Financial Services • People Services

46.2% 53.8% 44.0% 56.0% • Technology Transfer Office

Staff Scientists at IST Austria

Country of nationality Country of nationality

Robert Hauschild, Bioimaging Facility Russia 20.5% Austria 26.0% Walter Kaufmann, Electron Microscopy Facility Ukraine 17.9% India 16.0% Jack Merrin, Nanofabrication Facility Iran 7.7% Russia 12.0% Ivan Prieto Gonzalez, Nanofabrication Facility India 7.7% Slovakia 6.0% Christoph Sommer, Bioimaging Facility Austria 7.7% Netherlands 4.0%

Spain 5.1% Czech Republic 4.0% Italy 5.1% Iran 4.0% Other (11*) 28.3% Other (14*) 28.0% Technical Support at IST Austria Administrative Staff at IST Austria

(Comprises Scientific Service Units and laboratory (Data as of December 31, 2018)

technicians; data as of December 31, 2018)

Country of current institution Country of current institution

Total number of Technical Support Staff: 116 Total number of Administrative Staff: 158 Russia 23.1% Austria 28.0%

UK 15.4% UK 14.0%

Ukraine 15.4% Russia 12.0% USA 10.3% India 12.0% Gender among Technical Support Staff Gender among Administrative Staff Austria 7.7% Germany 4.0%

Iran 7.7% Switzerland 4.0% Italy 5.1% Netherlands 4.0% Other (6*) 15.3% Czech Republic 4.0% USA 4.0%

Iran 4.0% 59.5% 40.5% 59.5% 40.5%

Other (5*) 10.0%

Field of research at IST Austria

Biology 30.8% Country of nationality Country of nationality Computer Science 20.5% Field of research at IST Austria Mathematics 15.4% Austria 51.7% Austria 73.8% Neuroscience 15.4% Biology 42.0% Germany 7.8% Germany 4.2% Physics 17.9% Computer Science 24.0% Hungary 7.8% USA 3.0% Neuroscience 18.0% Poland 3.4% Romania 1.8% Physics 12.0% Czech Republic 2.6% UK 1.8% Mathematics 4.0% Italy 2.6% Other (20*) 15.4% Other (21*) 24.1% * Number of countries * Number of countries

112 113 Grants Active or Acquired in 2018

Alistarh Group Chatterjee Group Erdős Group Guet Group Henzinger Group Jösch Group Lemeshko Group Sazanov Group • Elastic Coordination for Scalable • Game Theory, FWF NFN, €330'000, • Random matrices, universality and • UPEC-DC interaction, FFG Femtech, • Formal Methods meets Algorithmic • Connecting sensory with motor • A path-integral approach to • Deciphering the proton-translocation Machine Learning, H2020 ERC StG, 3/2015-8/2019 disordered quantum systems, €8'000, 9/2018-2/2019 Game Theory, FWF Meitner, processing in the superior colliculus, composite impurities, FWF Meitner, mechanism of complex I, FWF €1'494'000, 3/2019-2/2024 • Quantitative Game-theoretic Analysis FP7 ERC AdG, €1'755'000, • TransTerm, FFG Femtech, €8'000, €153'000, 2/2018-1/2020 EMBO LTF, €75'000, 1/2018-8/2018 €169'000, 2/2019-1/2021 Meitner, €162'000, 6/2017-1/2019 • NSERC Postdoctoral fellowship, of Blockchain Applications and Smart 3/2014-8/2019 9/2017-3/2018 • Modern Concurrency Paradigms, • Circuits of Visual Attention, • Quantum rotations in the presence • Atomic-Resolution Structures of NSERC CA Postdoc fewllowship, Contracts, IBM PhD Fellowship • Structured Non-Hermitian Random • CyberCircuits: Cybergenetic circuits FWF NFN, €490'000, 3/2015-8/2019 H2020 ERC StG, €1'447'000, of a many-body environment, Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain €61'000, 10/2017-8/2018 Award, €16'000, 9/2018-5/2019 Matrices, FWF Meitner, €161'000, to test composability of gene • Wittgenstein Prize, FWF Wittgenstein, 12/2017-11/2022 FWF Stand-alone, €318'000, Supercomplexes, H2020 MSCA IF, • Algorithms for a Computational • Microsoft Research Faculty 1/2017-1/2020 networks, FWF International program, €1'500'000, 1/2014-12/2020 • Neuronal networks of salience and 2/2017-1/2020 €178'000, 9/2016-8/2018 Revolution, SNF Ambizione, €67'000, Fellowship, Microsoft Research €262'000, 4/2019-3/2022 • Automated Tutoring System for spatial detection in the murine • Angulon: Physics and applications • Revealing the functional 10/2018-8/2019 Studio Award, €143'000, Fink Group • Bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems as Automata Theory, Microsoft Research superior colliculus, HFSP LTF, of a new quasiparticle, H2020 ERC mechanism of Mrp antiporter, an 4/2011-3/2021 • Integrating superconducting quantum antiphage defense mechanisms, FWF Studio Award, €7'000, €144'000, 9/2018-8/2021 StG, €1'500'000, 2/2019-1/2024 ancestor of complex I, ÖAW DOC, Barton Group • Quantitative Analysis of Probabilistic circuits, FWF SFB, €429'000, Richter, €230'000, 2/2019-07/2021 1/2011-12/2021 €116'000, 8/2017-7/2020 • Selected Topics in Evolutionary Systems with a Focus on Crypto- 3/2019-2/2023 • Biophysically realistic genotype- Katsaros Group Loose Group Biology, ESEB Outreach initiative, currencies, ÖAW DOC, €96'000, • Hybrid Optomechanical phenotype maps for regulatory Hippenmeyer Group • Towards Spin qubits and Majorana • Self-Organization of the Bacterial Schur Group €2'000, 5/2017-7/2018 6/2019-11/2021 Technologies, H2020 Cooperation networks, ÖAW DOC, €77'000, • Role of Eed in neural stem cell fermions in Germanium selfassembled Cell, H2020 ERC StG, €1'497'000, • Structural conservation and diversity • Sex chromosomes and species • Efficient Algorithms for Computer FET-Proactive, €548'000, 9/2018-8/2020 lineage progression, FWF Firnberg, hut-wires, FP7 ERC StG, €1'388'000, 4/2016-3/2021 in retroviral capsid, FWF Stand-alone, barriers, FWF Meitner, €169'000, Aided Verification, WWTF Coop. 1/2017-12/2020 • Design principles underlying €234'000, 12/2018-11/2021 2/2016-12/2018 • Reconstitution of bacterial cell wall €381'000, 10/2018-9/2021 6/2018-5/2020 Project, €82'000, 3/2016-3/2020 • A Fiber Optic Transceiver for genetic switch architecture, • Molecular Mechanisms Regulating • Hole spin orbit qubits in sythesis, HFSP LTF, €157'000, • Protein structure and function in • Theoretical and empirical approaches Superconducting Qubits, H2020 ERC ÖAW DOC, €113'000, Gliogenesis in the Cerebral Cortex, Ge quantum wells, FWF Stand-alone, 6/2016-5/2019 filopodia across scales, FWF Meitner, to understanding Parallel Adaptation, Cremer Group StG, €1'500'000, 2/2018-1/2023 1/2016-12/2018 FWF Meitner, €166'000, €400'000, 2/2018-1/2022 • Reconstitution of cell polarity and €169'000, 7/2018-6/2020 H2020 MSCA IF, €166'000, • Viral pathogens and social immunity • Microwave-to-Optical Quantum Link: 3/2018-2/2020 • Loch Spin-Qubits und Majorana- axis determination in a cell-free 9/2018-8/2020 in ants, FWF Meitner, €161'000, Quantum Teleportation and Hannezo Group • Principles of Neural Stem Cell Fermionen in Germanium, system, HFSP Young Investigator's Seiringer Group • Rate of Adaptation in Changing 7/2016-2/2018 Quantum Illumination with Cavity • Active mechano-chemical description Lineage Progression in Cerebral FWF START, €200'000, Grant, €300'000, 10/2016-9/2020 • Structure of the Excitation Spectrum Environment, H2020 MSCA IF, • Epidemics in ant societies on a chip, Optomechanics SUPEREOM, of the cell cytoskeleton, Cortex Development, H2020 ERC 7/2016-10/2020 • Reconstitution of Bacterial Cell for Many-Body Quantum Systems, €166'000, 1/2017-6/2020 H2020 ERC CoG, €1'992'000, H2020 MSCA IF, €178'000, FWF Stand-alone, €339'000, CoG, €1'996'000, 12/2017-11/2022 • Materials characterization of hybrid Division Using Purified Components, FWF Stand-alone, €315'000, 4/2018-3/2023 4/2016-3/2018 10/2018-9/2021 • Mapping Cell-type Specificity of the semi-super Majorana nanowires, BIF PhD fellowship, €46'000, 4/2015-9/2018 Benková Group • Hybrid Semiconductor - Genomic Imprintome in the Brain, Microsoft Project, €208'000, 9/2017-8/2019 • Analysis of quantum many-body • Molecular mechanism of auxin-driven Csicsvari Group Superconductor Quantum Devices, Hausel Group NFB Life Science, €245'000, 7/2018-6/2019 systems, H2020 ERC AdG, formative divisions delineating lateral • Interneuro Plasticity During Spatial NOMIS Research Grants, €700'000, • Arithmetic and physics of Higgs 3/2015-2/2018 • Hybrid Semiconductor - Maas Group €1'498'000, 10/2016-9/2021 root organogenesis in plants, Learning, FWF International program, 9/2017-8/2021 moduli spaces, FP7 ERC AdG, • Molecular Mechanisms of Radial Superconductor Quantum Devices, • Singular Stochastic PDEs, FWF EMBO LTF, €75'000, 7/2016-7/2018 €299'000, 2/2018-1/2021 • Coherent on-chip conversion of €760'000, 9/2016-8/2018 Neuronal Migration, ÖAW DOC, NOMIS Research Grants, Meitner, €169'000, 10/2018-9/2020 Shigemoto Group • Plant endocytosis, FFG Femtech, superconducting qubit signals from €116'000, 8/2017-7/2020 €700'000, 9/2017-8/2021 • Dissipation and Dispersion in • Human Brain Project Specific Grant €8'000, 10/2017-3/2018 Danzl Group microwaves to optical frequencies, Heisenberg Group Nonlinear Partial Differential Agreement 1 (HBP SGA 1), H2020 • Molecular mechanisms of the • UltraX – Achieving sub-nanometer ÖAW DOC, €96'000, 7/2019-12/2020 • Mechanosensation in cell migration: Hof Group Kicheva Group Equations, FWF DK, €161'000, Cooperation FET-Flagships, cytokinin regulated endomembrane resolution in light microscopy using the role of friction forces in cell • Eliminating turbulence in oil pipelines, • Coordination of Patterning And 3/2017-2/2021 €274'000, 4/2016-3/2018 trafficking to coordinate plant iterative X10 microscopy in Friml Group polarization and directed migration, H2020 ERC PoC, €150'000, Growth In the Spinal Cord, • Taming Complexity in Partial • Human Brain Project Specific Grant organogenesis, ÖAW DOC, combination with nanobodies • Long Term Fellowship, EMBO LTF, EMBO LTF, €81'000, 2/2019-1/2021 7/2017-12/2018 H2020 ERC StG, €1'499'000, Differential Systems, FWF SFB, Agreement 2 (HBP SGA 2), H2020 €116'000, 8/2017-7/2020 and STED, EMBO LTF, €81'000, €76'000, 2/2016-2/2018 • The generation and function of 7/2016-6/2021 €328'000, 03/2017-2/2021 Cooperation FET-Flagships, 8/2019-8/2021 • Cell surface receptor complexes for anisotropic tissue tension in zebrafish Janovjak Group • Kinetics of DNA repair in neural • Optimal Transport and Stochastic €223'000, 4/2018-3/2020 Bickel Group • Optical control of synaptic function auxin signaling in plants, EMBO LTF, epiboly, EMBO LTF, €75'000, • Molecular Drug Targets, FWF DK, differentiation of embryonic stem Dynamics, H2020 ERC StG, • In situ analysis of single channel • Soft-bodied intelligence for via adhesion molecules, FWF €75'000, 6/2017-5/2019 7/2016-06/2018 €210'000, 3/2015-8/2018 cells, OeAD WTZ, €7'000, €1'075'000, 2/2017-1/2022 subunit composition in neurons: manipulation, H2020 Cooperation International program, €287'000, • Molecular mechanisms of endocytic • Coordination of mesendoderm cell • Light-regulated ligand traps for 7/2017-6/2019 physiological implication in synaptic ICT, €261'000, 5/2015-4/2019 3/2018-2/2021 cargo recognition in plants, FWF fate specification and internalization spatio-temporal inhibition of cell • The role of morphogens in the Novarino Group plasticity and behaviour, H2020 ERC • Automatized Design of Injection • High-speed 3D nanoscopy to study International program, €339'000, during zebrafish gastrulation, signaling, ÖAW DOC, €116'000, regulation of neural tube growth, • Identification of Converging Molecular AdG, €2'481'000, 7/2016-6/2021 Molds, H2020 ERC PoC, €150'000 the role of adhesion during 3D cell 2/2018-1/2022 EMBO LTF, €76'000, 2/2018-8/2018 8/2017-7/2020 ÖAW DOC, €116'000,10/2018-9/2021 Pathways across Chromatinopathies • Ultrastructural analysis of • MATERIALIZABLE: Intelligent migration, HFSP LTF, €144'000, • RNA-directed DNA methylation • Nano-analytics of Cellular Systems, as Targets for Therapy, phosphoinositides in nerve terminals: Fabrication-oriented Computational 7/2018-6/2021 in plant development, FWF DK, €197'000, 3/2018-2/2022 Jonas Group Kolmogorov Group FWF International program, distribution, dynamics and Design and Modeling, H2020 ERC FWF Stand-alone, €352'000, • Tissue material properties in • Reglas de Conectividad funcional • Discrete Optimization in Computer €357'000, 4/2019-3/2022 physiological roles in synaptic StG, €1'498'000, 2/2017-1/2022 Edelsbrunner Group 7/2017-6/2020 embryonic development, FWF en el hipocampo, CONACyT Postdoc Vision: Theory and Practice, • Molecular Drug Targets, FWF DK, transmission, H2020 MSCA IF, • Distributed 3D Object Design, • The Wittgenstein Prize, • Tracing Evolution of Auxin Transport Richter, €184'000, 2/2019-01/2021 fellowship, €20'000, 10/2017-08/2018 FP7 ERC CoG, €1'642'000, €223'000, 3/2015-2/2019 €178'000, 4/2018-3/2020 H2020 MSCA ITN, €256'000, FWF Wittgenstein, €1'400'000 and Polarity in Plants, H2020 ERC • Nano-analytics of Cellular Systems, • Structural plasticity at mossy 6/2014-5/2019 Transmembrane Transporters • Anatomical and Functional 1/2015-12/2018 • Persistence and stability of geometric AdG, €2'410'000, 1/2018-12/2022 FWF DK, €162'000, 3/2014-2/2018 fiber-CA3 synapses, FWF Richter, in Health and Disease, FWF SFB, Properties of Auditory Nerve complexes, FWF International • Körber Prize, Körber Stiftung, • Control of epithelial cell layer €113'000, 1/2019-03/2020 Kondrashov Group €348'000, 02/2015-9/2018 Synapses, NIH, €13'000, Browning Group program, €154'000, 9/2016-8/2020 €41'000, 4/2015-3/2020 spreading in zebrafish, • Zellkommunikation in Gesundheit • Experimental exploration of global • Probing the Reversibility of Autism 3/2017-2/2018 • EPSRC ad personam fellowship - • Alpha Shape Theory Extended, • Cell surface receptor complexes FWF International program, und Krankheit, FWF DK, €143'000, fitness landscape of a protein family, Spectrum Disorders by Employing in • Plasticity in the cerebellum: Which Adelina Manzateanu, EPSRC PG H2020 ERC AdG, €1'678'000, for PIN polarity and auxin-mediated €350'000, 2/2017-1/2020 1/2016-6/2020 EMBO LTF, €36'000, 9/2017-7/2018 vivo and in vitro Models, H2020 ERC molecular mechanisms are behind Scholarship, €8'000, 10/2018-3/2019 7/2018-6/2023 development, ÖAW DOC, €116'000, • Control of embryonic cleavage • Wittgenstein Prize, • Systematic investigation of epistasis StG, €1'498'000, 10/2017-9/2022 physiological learning?, ÖAW DOC, • Toward Computational Information 3/2019-2/2022 pattern, FWF International program, FWF Wittgenstein, €1'500'000, in molecular evolution, FP7 ERC StG, • Improving brain distribution of drugs €116'000, 9/2018-8/2021 Topology, ONR Grant Award, €229'000, 5/2018-4/2021 10/2017-9/2022 €304'000, 10/2017-12/2018 targeted to the brain, NFB Life • Mechanism of formation and €326.000, 11/2017-10/2020 • Interaction and feedback between • Biophysics and circuit function of • Zimin Foundation SMTB Alumni Science, €23'000, 12/2016-11/2019 maintenance of input side-dependent • Topological Data Analysis for a faster cell mechanics and fate specification a giant cortical glumatergic synapse, Summer Research Programme – • Probing development and reversibility asymmetry in the hippocampus, discovery of new materials, Royal in vertebrate gastrulation, H2020 H2020 ERC AdG, €2'678'000, Minkevich, Zimin Foundation of autism spectrum disorders, ÖAW DOC, €113'000, Society International Exchanges ERC AdG, €2'307'000, 7/2017-6/2022 3/2017-2/2022 Internship, €3'000, 6/2018-7/2018 Simon Foundation Pilot, €267'000, 1/2016-12/2018 Scheme, €11'000, 12/2017-12/2019 • Coordination of mesendoderm fate • Is the hippocampal mossy fiber 9/2016-8/2019 specification and internalization synapse a detonator in vivo?, Lampert Group during zebrafish gastrulation, H2020 MSCA IF, €166'000, • Lifelong Learning of Visual Scene Pietrzak Group HFSP LTF, €144'000, 9/2018-8/2021 4/2016-3/2018 Understanding, FP7 ERC StG, • Teaching Old Crypto New Tricks, • Hormonal regulation of plant adaptive • Presynaptic calcium channels €1'465'000, 1/2013-12/2018 H2020 ERC CoG, €1'882'000, responses to environmental signals, distribution and impact on 4/2016-3/2021 ÖAW DOC, €116'000, 9/2018-8/2021 coupling at the hippocampal mossy fiber synapse, H2020 MSCA IF, €166'000, 1/2017-12/2018

114 115 Publications in 2018 Publications by IST Austria members published in 2018; joint publications involving several groups are listed multiple times.

Siegert Group Vicoso Group Alistarh Group • Rybicki J, Kisdi E, Anttila J. 2018. • Polechova J. 2018. Is the sky the • Kubiasová K, Mik V, Nisler J, Hönig • The role of microglia in neuronal • Sex Determination in Termites, • Aksenov V, Alistarh D-A, Kuznetsov P. Model of bacterial toxin-dependent limit? On the expansion threshold M, Husičková A, Spíchal L, Pěkná ceroid lipofuscionosis, FWF Firnberg, FWF Meitner, €156'000, 2018. Brief Announcement: pathogenesis explains infective dose. of a species’ range. PLoS Biology. Z, Šamajová O, Doležal K, Plíhal O, €230'000, 8/2017-12/2018 5/2018-6/2021 Performance prediction for coar­se- PNAS. 115(42), 10690–10695. 16(6), e2005372. Benková E, Strnad M, Plíhalová L. • Microglia action towards • Sex chromosome evolution under grained locking. Proceedings of • Ringbauer H, Kolesnikov A, Field D, 2018. Design, synthesis and percep- neuronal circuit formation and male and female heterogamety, the 2018 ACM Symposium on Barton Group Barton NH. 2018. Estimating barriers tion of fluorescently labeled isopren- function in health and disease, FWF Stand-alone, €224'000, Principles of Distributed Computing – • Andalo C, Burrus M, Paute S, to gene flow from distorted isolation- oid cytokinins. Phytochemistry. 150. H2020 ERC StG, €1'500'000, 1/2016-12/2018 PODC ’18. PODC: Principles of Lauzeral C, Field D. Prevalence of by-distance patterns. Genetics. 5/2017-4/2022 • Prevalence and Influence of Sexual Distributed Computing. 411–413. legitimate pollinators and nectar 208(3), 1231–1245. Bickel Group • Modulating microglia through G Antagonism on Genome Evolution, • Alistarh D-A. 2018. A brief tutorial robbers and the consequences for • Sachdeva H, Barton NH. 2018. • Alderighi T, Malomo L, Giorgi D, protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) H2020 ERC StG, €1'444'000, on distributed and concurrent fruit set in an Antirrhinum majus Introgression of a block of genome Pietroni N, Bickel B, Cignoni P. 2018. signaling, ÖAW DOC, €116'000, 3/2017-2/2022 machine learning. Proceedings of hybrid zone. Botany Letters. under infinitesimal selection. Metamolds: Computational design of 9/2018-8/2021 the 2018 ACM Symposium on • Barton NH. 2018. The consequences Genetics. 209(4), 1279–1303. silicone molds. ACM Trans. Graph. Wagner Group Principles of Distributed Computing - of an introgression event. Molecular • Sachdeva H, Barton NH. 2018. 37(4). Siekhaus Group • Algorithms for Embeddings and PODC ’18. PODC: Principles of Ecology. 27(24), 4973–4975. Replicability of introgression under • Auzinger T, Heidrich W, Bickel B. • Modeling epithelial tissue Homotopy Theory, FWF Stand-alone, Distributed Computing. 487–488. • Barton NH, Etheridge A. 2018. linked, polygenic selection. 2018. Computational design of mechanics during cell invasion, FWF €396'000, 5/2018-4/2022 • Alistarh D-A, Haider SK, Kübler R, Establishment in a new habitat by Genetics. 210(4), 1411–1427. nanostructural color for additive Meitner, €153'000, 1/2018-12/2019 • Robust invariants of Nonlinear Nadiradze G. 2018. The transactional polygenic adaptation. Theoretical • Tavares H, Whitley A, Field D, Bradley manufacturing. ACM Transactions on • Drosophila TNFa’s Funktion in Systems, FWF Meitner, conflict problem. Proceedings of the Population Biology. 122(7), 110–127. D, Couchman M, Copsey L, Elleouet Graphics. 37(4). Immunzellen, FWF Stand-alone, €160'000, 2/2016-1/2018 30th Symposium on Parallelism • Bertl J, Ringbauer H, Blum M. 2018. J, Burrus M, Andalo C, Li M, Li Q, • Bickel B, Cignoni P, Malomo L, €346'000, 11/2016-10/2019 • Eliminating intersections in drawings in Algorithms and Architectures – Can secondary contact following Xue Y, Rebocho AB, Barton NH, Pietroni N. 2018. State of the art • Investigating the role of the novel of graphs, FWF Meitner, €162'000, SPAA ’18. SPAA: Symposium on range expansion be distinguished Coen E. 2018. Selection and gene on stylized fabrication. Computer major superfamily facilitator 7/2017-6/2019 Parallelism in Algorithms and from barriers to gene flow? PeerJ. flow shape genomic islands that Graphics Forum. 37(6), 325–342. transporter family member MFSD1 Architectures. 383–392. 2018(10). control floral guides. PNAS. 115(43), • Dodier P, Frischer J, Wang W, in metastasis, NFB Life Science, Wojtan Group • Alistarh D-A, De Sa C, Konstantinov • Bodova K, Priklopil T, Field D, Barton 11006–11011. Auzinger T, Mallouhi A, Serles W, €250'000, 8/2017-7/2020 • Efficient Simulation of Natural NH. 2018. The convergence of NH, Pickup M. 2018. Evolutionary Gruber A, Knosp E, Bavinzski G. • Tissue barrier penetration is crucial Phenomena at Extremely Large stochastic gradient descent in pathways for the generation of Benková Group 2018. Immediate flow disruption as a for immunity and metastasis, ÖAW Scales, H2020 ERC StG, asynchronous shared memory. new self-incompatibility haplotypes • Abualia R, Benková E, Lacombe B. prognostic factor after flow diverter DOC, €116'000, 8/2017-7/2020 €1'500'000, 3/2015-2/2020 Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Sym- in a non-self recognition system. 2018. Transporters and mechanisms treatment long term experience with posium on Principles of Distributed Genetics. 209(3), 861–883. of hormone transport in arabidopsis. the pipeline embolization device. Sixt Group Computing – PODC ’18. PODC: • Bodova K, Haskovec J, Markowich P. Advances in Botanical Research. 87, World Neurosurgery. 13, e568–e578. • Quantitative understanding of a Principles of Distributed Computing. 2018. Well posedness and maximum 115–138. • Malomo L, Perez Rodriguez J, cell-autonomous component in 169–178. entropy approximation for the • Cavallari N, Nibau C, Fuchs A, Iarussi E, Pietroni N, Miguel E, chemotaxis, EMBO LTF, €76'000, • Alistarh D-A, Brown TA, Kopinsky J, dynamics of quantitative traits. Dadarou D, Barta A, Doonan J. Cignoni P, Bickel B. 2018. FlexMaps: 7/2017-6/2019 Nadiradze G. 2018. Relaxed schedul- Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena. 2018. The Cyclin Dependent Kinase Computational design of flat flexible • Spatiotemporal regulation of ers can efficiently parallelize iterative 376–377, 108–120. G group defines a thermo-sensitive shells for shaping 3D objects. ACM chemokine-induced signaling in algorithms. Proceedings of the 2018 • Charlesworth B, Barton NH. 2018. alternative splicing circuit modulat- Transactions on Graphics. 37(6). leukocyte chemotaxis, Finnish Found ACM Symposium on Principles of The spread of an inversion• with ing the expression of Arabidopsis • Nakashima K, Auzinger T, PD Pool postdoctoral fellowship, Distributed Computing – PODC ’18. migration and selection. Genetics. ATU2AF65A. The Plant Journal. 94(6), Iarussi E, Zhang R, Igarashi T, € 102'000, 7/2017-7/2019 PODC: Principles of Distributed 208(1), 377–382. 1010–1022. Bickel B. 2018. CoreCavity: • Nano-Analytics of Cellular Systems, Computing. 377–386. • Ellis T, Field D, Barton NH. 2018. • Ceinos RM, Frigato E, Pagano C, Interactive shell decomposition FWF DK, €197'000, 3/2018-2/2022 • Alistarh D-A, Brown TA, Kopinsky J, Inference from paternity and sibships Frohlich N, Negrini P, Cavallari N, for fabrication with two-piece Nano-Analytics of Cellular Systems, Li JZ, Nadiradze G. 2018. Distribu- accounting for uncertainty in genea- Vallone D, Fuselli S, Bertolucci C, rigid molds. ACM Transaction on FWF DK, €162'000, 3/2014-2/2018 tionally linearizable data structures. logy. Molecular Ecology Resources. Foulkes NS. 2018. Mutations in Graphics. 37(4). • Mechanical adaptation of Proceedings of the 30th Symposium 18(5), 988–999. blind cavefish target the light • Umetani N, Bickel B. 2018. Learning lamellipodial actin, FWF Stand-alone, on Parallelism in Algorithms and • Ellis T, Field D, Barton NH. 2018. regulated circadian clock gene three-dimensional flow for interactive €387'000, 3/2017-2/2020 Architectures – SPAA ’18. SPAA: Efficient inference of paternity and period 2. Scientific Reports. 8(1). aerodynamic design. ACM Trans. • Cellular navigation along spatial Symposium on Parallelism in Algo- sibship inference given known • Cucinotta M, Manrique S, Cuesta Graph. 37(4). gradients, H2020 ERC CoG, rithms and Architectures. 133–142. maternity via hierarchical clustering. C, Benková E, Novák O, Colombo €1'985'000, 4/2017-3/2022 • Alistarh D-A, Aspnes J, King V, Saia Molecular Ecology Resources. 18(5), L. 2018. Cup-shaped Cotyledon1 Bollback Group • Mechanical Adaptation of J. 2018. Communication-efficient 988–999. (CUC1) and CU2 regulate cytokinin • Igler C, Lagator M, Tkačik G, Lamellipodial Actin Networks in randomized consensus. Distributed • Fraisse C, Roux C, Gagnaire P, homeostasis to determine ovule Bollback JP, Guet CC. 2018. Migrating Cells, H2020 MSCA IF, Computing. 31(6), 489–501. Romiguier J, Faivre N, Welch J, number in arabidopsis. Journal Evolutionary potential of transcription €178'000, 3/2017-2/2019 • Alistarh D-A, Leiserson W, Matveev Bierne N. 2018. The divergence his- of Experimental Botany. 69(21), factors for gene regulatory rewiring. • Modeling of Polarization and Motility A, Shavit N. 2018. ThreadScan: tory of European blue mussel species 5169–5176. Nature Ecology and Evolution. 2(10), of Leukocytes in Three-Dimensional Automatic and scalable memory reconstructed from Approximate • Dokládal L, Benková E, Honys D, 1633–1643. Environments, WWTF Coop. Project, reclamation. ACM Transactions on Bayesian Computation: The effects of Dupláková N, Lee L, Gelvin S, • Igler C, Lagator M, Tkačik G, €196'000, 3/2014-2/2018 Parallel Computing. 4(4), 18. sequencing techniques and sampling Sýkorová E. 2018. An armadillo- Bollback JP, Guet CC. 2018. Data • Arbel Raviv M, Brown TA. 2018. strategies. PeerJ. 2018(7). domain protein participates in a for the paper Evolutionary potential Tkačik Group Harnessing epoch-based reclamation • Novembre J, Barton NH. 2018. telomerase interaction network. Plant of transcription factors for gene • Biophysics of information processing for efficient range queries. PPoPP: Tread lightly interpreting polygenic Molecular Biology. 97(5), 407–420. regulatory rewiring. in gene regulation, FWF Stand-alone, Principles and Practice of Parallel tests of selection. Genetics. 208(4), • Grones P, Abas MF, Hajny J, Jones A, • Payne P, Geyrhofer L, Barton NH, €341'000, 01/2016-12/2018 Programming, PPoPP. 53, 14–27. 1351–1355. Waidmann S, Kleine Vehn J, Bollback JP. 2018. CRISPR-based • Can evolution minimize spurious • Gilad E, Brown TA, Oskin M, Etsion • Oliveto P, Paixao T, Pérez Heredia J, Friml J. 2018. PID/WAG-mediated herd immunity can limit phage signaling crosstalk to reach optimal Y. 2018. Snapshot based synchro- Sudholt D, Trubenova B. 2018. How phosphorylation of the Arabidopsis epidemics in bacterial populations. performance?, HFSP Program Grant, nization: A fast replacement for to escape local optima in black box PIN3 auxin transporter mediates eLife. 7. €269'000, 12/2018-11/2021 Hand-over-Hand locking. Euro-Par: optimisation when non elitism polarity switches during gravitropism. European Conference on Parallel outperforms elitism. Algorithmica. Scientific Reports. 8(1). Browning Group Processing, LNCS, 11014, 465–479. 80(5), 1604–1633. • Browning TD, Heath-Brown R. 2018. • Lenzen C, Rybicki J. 2018. Near- • Payne P, Geyrhofer L, Barton NH, Counting rational points on quadric optimal self-stabilising counting and Bollback JP. 2018. CRISPR-based surfaces. Discrete Analysis. 1–31. firing squads. Distributed Computing. herd immunity can limit phage epidemics in bacterial populations. eLife. 7.

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Distinct roles for • Morri M, Sanchez-Romero I, • Ringbauer H, Kolesnikov A, Field D, in any closed convex smooth curve. Genomics in neurodevelopmental 115(50), E11751–E11760. Theory of the rotating polaron: Shigemoto R, Fukazawa Y. 2018. plasma membrane PtdIns 4 P and Tichy A-M, Kainrath S, Gerrard EJ, Barton NH. 2018. Estimating barriers Forum of Mathematics, Sigma, 6, E7. disorders: An avenue to personalized Spectrum and self-localization. Differential association of GABAB PtdIns 4 5 P2 during yeast receptor Hirschfeld P, Schwarz J, Janovjak to gene flow from distorted isolation- • Akopyan A, Avvakumov S, Karasev medicine. Experimental & Molecular Physical Review B. 98(22), 224506. receptors with their effector ion chan- mediated endocytosis. Journal of Cell HL. 2018. Optical functionalization by-distance patterns. Genetics. R. 2018. Convex fair partitions into Medicine. 50(8). nels in Purkinje cells. Brain Structure Science. 131(1). of human class A orphan G-protein- 208(3), 1231–1245. arbitrary number of pieces. ArXiv. and Function. 223(3), 1565–1587. coupled receptors. Nature Communi- • Akopyan A, Karasev R. 2018. • Miklosi A, Del Favero G, Bulat T, cations. 9(1), 1950. Gromov’s waist of non-radial Höger H, Shigemoto R, Marko D, • Ratheesh A, Biebl J, Smutny M, Gaussian measures and radial non- Lubec G. 2018. Super resolution mi- Veselá J, Papusheva E, Krens G, Gaussian measures. ArXiv. croscopical localization of dopamine Kaufmann W, György A, Casano • Betea D, Bouttier J, Nejjar P, Vuletic receptors 1 and 2 in rat hippocampal AM, Siekhaus DE. 2018. Drosophila M. 2018. The free boundary Schur synaptosomes. Molecular Neurobiol- TNF modulates tissue tension in the process and applications. Annales ogy. 55(6), 4857–4869. embryo to facilitate macrophage Henri Poincare. 19(12), 3663–3742. invasive migration. Developmental Cell. 45(3), 331–346.

122 123 • Renkawitz J, Reversat A, Leithner AF, • Igler C, Lagator M, Tkačik G, • Kincaid-Smith J, Picard MAL, • Rohou S, Franek P, Aubry C, Jaulin L. Bioimaging Facility Electron Microscopy Facility Merrin J, Sixt M. 2018. Micro-engi- Bollback JP, Guet CC. 2018. Data Cosseau C, Boissier J, Severac D, 2018. Proving the existence of loops • Brown M, Johnson L, Leone D, Májek • Ratheesh A, Biebl J, Smutny M, neered “pillar forests” to study cell for the paper Evolutionary potential Grunau C, Toulza E. 2018. Parent-of- in robot trajectories. The International P, Vaahtomeri K, Senfter D, Bukosza Veselá J, Papusheva E, Krens G, migration in complex but controlled of transcription factors for gene origin-dependent gene expression in Journal of Robotics Research. 37(12), N, Schachner H, Asfour G, Langer Kaufmann W, György A, Casano 3D environments. Methods in Cell regulatory rewiring. male and female Schistosome para- 1500–1516. B, Hauschild R, Parapatics K, Hong AM, Siekhaus DE. 2018. Drosophila Biology. 147, 79–91. • Lang M, Shkolnikov M. 2018. sites. Genome Biology and Evolution. Y, Bennett K, Kain R, Detmar M, Sixt TNF modulates tissue tension in the • Reversat A, Sixt M. 2018. IgM’s Harmonic dynamics of the Abelian 10(3), 840–856. Wojtan Group M, Jackson D, Kerjaschki D. 2018. embryo to facilitate macrophage exit route. Journal of Experimental sandpile. ArXiv. • Ma W, Veltsos P, Toups MA, • Hikaru I, Wojtan CJ, Thuerey N, Lymphatic exosomes promote den- invasive migration. Developmental Medicine. 215(12), 2959–2961. • Misun P, Birchler A, Lang M, Rodrigues N, Sermier R, Jeffries D, Igarashi T, Ando R. Simulating liquids dritic cell migration along guidance Cell. 45(3), 331–346. Hierlemann A, Frey O. 2018. Fabrica- Perrin N. 2018. Tissue specificity on dynamically warping grids. IEEE cues. Journal of Cell Biology. 217(6), • Reipert S, Goldammer H, Richardson Tkačik Group tion and operation of microfluidic and dynamics of sex biased gene Transactions on Visualization and 2205–2221. C, Goldberg M, Hawkins T, • Bodova K, Priklopil T, Field D, Barton hanging drop networks. Methods in expression in a common frog popula- Computer Graphics., 1. • Hauschild R. 2018. Fluorescence Hollergschwandtner E, Kaufmann W, NH, Pickup M. 2018. Evolutionary Molecular Biology. 1771, 183–202. tion with differentiated, yet homomor- • Jeschke S, Skrivan T, Mueller Fischer lifetime analysis of FLIM X16 TCSPC Antreich S, Stierhof Y. 2018. pathways for the generation of • Palmer A, Chait RP, Kishony R. phic, sex chromosomes. Genes. 9(6). M, Chentanez N, Macklin M, Wojtan data. Agitation modules: Flexible means new self-incompatibility haplotypes 2018. Nonoptimal gene expression • Picard MA, Cosseau C, Ferré S, CJ. 2018. Water surface wavelets. • Hons M, Kopf A, Hauschild R, to accelerate automated freeze sub- in a non-self recognition system. creates latent potential for antibiotic Quack T, Grevelding C, Couté Y, ACM Transactions on Graphics. 37(4). Leithner AF, Gärtner FR, Abe J, stitution. Journal of Histochemistry Genetics. 209(3), 861–883. resistance. Molecular Biology and Vicoso B. 2018. Evolution of gene • Sato T, Wojtan CJ, Thuerey N, Renkawitz J, Stein J, Sixt M. 2018. and Cytochemistry. • Bodová K, Mitchell G, Harpaz R, Evolution. 35(11), 2669–2684. dosage on the Z-chromosome of Igarashi T, Ando R. 2018. Extended Chemokines and integrins indepen- Schneidman E, Tkačik G. 2018. • Pleska M, Lang M, Refardt D, schistosome parasites. eLife. 7. narrow band FLIP for liquid simula- dently tune actin flow and substrate Graduate School Probabilistic models of individual and Levin B, Guet CC. 2018. Phage-host tions. Computer Graphics Forum. friction during intranodal migration • Seitner D, Uhse S, Gallei MC, Djamei collective animal behavior. PLoS One. population dynamics promotes Wagner Group 37(2), 169–177. of T cells. Nature Immunology. 19(6), A. 2018. The core effector Cce1 is 13(3). prophage acquisition in bacteria with • Akopyan A, Avvakumov S. 2018. Any 606–616. required for early infection of maize • Bodova K, Haskovec J, Markowich P. innate immunity. Nature Ecology and cyclic quadrilateral can be inscribed • Leithner AF, Renkawitz J, de Vries by Ustilago maydis. Molecular Plant 2018. Well posedness and maximum Evolution. 2(2), 359–366. in any closed convex smooth curve. I, Hauschild R, Haecker H, Sixt M. Pathology. 19(10), 2277–2287. entropy approximation for the dy- Forum of Mathematics, Sigma, 6, E7. 2018. Fast and efficient genetic namics of quantitative traits. Physica Vicoso Group • Akitaya H, Fulek R, Tóth C. 2018. engineering of hematopoietic precur- Nanofabrication Facility D: Nonlinear Phenomena. 376–377, • Fraisse C, Roux C, Gagnaire P, Recognizing weak embeddings sor cells for the study of dendritic • Fendrych M, Akhmanova M, Merrin 108–120. Romiguier J, Faivre N, Welch J, of graphs. SODA: Symposium on cell migration. European Journal of J, Glanc M, Hagihara S, Takahashi • Botella Soler V, Deny S, Martius GS, Bierne N. 2018. The divergence his- Discrete Algorithmsp. 274–292. Immunology. 48(6), 1074–1077. K, Uchida N, Torii KU, Friml J. 2018. Marre O, Tkačik G. 2018. Nonlinear tory of European blue mussel species • Chaplick S, Fulek R, Klavík P. 2018. • Li L, Krens G, Fendrych M, Friml J. Rapid and reversible root growth decoding of a complex movie from reconstructed from Approximate Extending partial representations 2018. Real-time analysis of auxin inhibition by TIR1 auxin signalling. the mammalian retina. PLoS Compu- Bayesian Computation: The effects of of circle graphs. Journal of Graph response, cell wall pH and elongation Nature Plants. 4(7), 453–459. tational Biology. 14(5). sequencing techniques and sampling Theory. ArXiv. in Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls. • Renkawitz J, Reversat A, Leithner AF, • Chalk MJ, Marre O, Tkačik G. 2018. strategies. PeerJ. 2018(7). • Dotterrer D, Kaufman T, Wagner U. Bio-protocol. 8(1). Merrin J, Sixt M. 2018. Micro-engi- Toward a unified theory of efficient, • Gammerdinger WJ, Kocher T. 2018. 2018. On expansion and topologi- • Ratheesh A, Biebl J, Smutny M, neered “pillar forests” to study cell predictive, and sparse coding. PNAS. Unusual diversity of sex chromo- cal overlap. Geometriae Dedicata. Veselá J, Papusheva E, Krens G, migration in complex but controlled 115(1), 186–191. somes in African cichlid fishes. 195(1), 307–317. Kaufmann W, György A, Casano 3D environments. Methods in Cell • De Martino A, De Martino D. 2018. An Genes. 9(10). • Fulek R, Kynčl J. 2018. The ℤ2- AM, Siekhaus DE. 2018. Drosophila Biology. 147, 79–91. introduction to the maximum entropy • Harrison M, Arning N, Kremer L, Genus of Kuratowski minors. SoCG: TNF modulates tissue tension in the approach and its application to infer- Ylla G, Belles X, Bornberg Bauer E, Symposium on Computational embryo to facilitate macrophage ence problems in biology. Heliyon. Huylmans AK, Jongepier E, Puilachs Geometry, LIPIcs. 99, 401–4014. invasive migration. Developmental 4(4). M, Richards S, Schal C. 2018. • Fulek R, Kynčl J. 2018. Hanani-Tutte Cell. 45(3), 331–346. • De Martino D, Mc AA, Bergmiller T, Expansions of key protein families for approximating maps of graphs. Guet CC, Tkačik G. 2018. Statistical in the German cockroach highlight SoCG: Symposium on Computational mechanics for metabolic networks the molecular basis of its remarkable Geometry, Leibniz International during steady state growth. Nature success as a global indoor pest. Proceedings in Information, LIPIcs. Communications. 9(1). Journal of Experimental Zoology Part 99. • Ferrari U, Deny S, Chalk MJ, Tkačik B: Molecular and Developmental • Fulek R, Pach J. 2018. Thrackles: G, Marre O, Mora T. 2018. Separating Evolution. 330, 254–264. An Improved Upper Bound. LNCS. intrinsic interactions from extrinsic • Harrison M, Jongepier E, Robertson 10692, 160–166. correlations in a network of sensory H, Arning N, Bitard Feildel T, Chao • Fulek R, Tóth CD. 2018. Crossing neurons. Physical Review E. 98(4). H, Childers C, Dinh H, Doddapaneni minimization in perturbed drawings. • Granados A, Pietsch J, Cepeda H, Dugan S, Gowin J, Greiner C, Han Graph Drawing and Network Humerez SA, Farquhar I, Tkačik Y, Hu H, Hughes D, Huylmans AK, Visualization, LNCS.11282, 229–241. G, Swain P. 2018. Distributed and Kemena K, Kremer L, Lee S, López • Goaoc X, Paták P, Patakova Z, Tancer dynamic intracellular organization Ezquerra A, Mallet L, Monroy Kuhn M, Wagner U. 2018. Shellability is of extracellular information. PNAS. J, Moser A, Murali S, Muzny D, Otani NP-complete. SoCG: Symposium 115(23), 6088–6093. S, Piulachs M, Poelchau M, Qu J, on Computational Geometry, Leibniz • Igler C, Lagator M, Tkačik G, Schaub F, Wada Katsumata A, Worley International Proceedings in Informa- Bollback JP, Guet CC. 2018. Evo- K, Xie Q, Ylla G, Poulsen M, Gibbs R, tion, LIPIcs. 99, 41:1-41:16. lutionary potential of transcription Schal C, Richards S, Belles X, Korb J, • Huszár KZ, Spreer J, Wagner U. factors for gene regulatory rewiring. Bornberg Bauer E. 2018. Hemime- 2018. On the Treewidth of Triangulat- Nature Ecology and Evolution. 2(10), tabolous genomes reveal molecular ed 3-Manifolds. SoCG: Symposium 1633–1643. basis of termite eusociality. Nature on Computational Geometry, LIPIcs. Ecology and Evolution. 2(3), 557–566. 99. • Kelemen RK, Vicoso B. 2018. • Lubiw A, Masárová Z, Wagner U. Complex history and differentiation 2018. A Proof of the Orbit Conjecture patterns of the t-haplotype, a mouse for Flipping Edge-Labelled Triangula- meiotic driver. Genetics. 208(1), tions. Discrete & Computational 365–375. Geometry. 1–19. • Matoušek J, Sedgwick E, Tancer M, Wagner U. 2018. Embeddability in the 3-Sphere is decidable. Journal of the ACM. 65(1).

124 125 Selected Events in 2018

Scientific conferences, workshops, and symposia Outreach and science education events

Date Event Description Date Event Description

January 26 Development and Stem Cells Regional Meeting Organized by Anna Kicheva; 11 speakers from IST Austria, University of Vienna, IMP, and January 9 High school The team performed an experiment for a project registered for “Science Fair Vienna”. IMBA, highlighting their latest work in the fields of stem cell and developmental biology “Lycée Français”, Vienna

February 12-13 Frontiers of Circuit QED and Optomechanics Organized by Johannes Fink; 20 speakers; brought together experts to discuss theoretical January 17 “Sir Karl Popper” School, 24 high school students visited Eva Benková’s lab and the plant facility. and experimental aspects of Circuit QED, electro-/optomechanics, and hybrid systems Vienna

May 4 Young Scientist Symposium 2018 – Game On! Organized by young scientists at IST Austria; 7 keynote speakers approaching the theme February 1 Konrad Lorenz 17 high school students from the gymnasium in Gänserndorf, Lower Austria, toured and visited the “Designs, Strategies, and Rewards across Science” from different perspectives Gymnasium, Gänserndorf Electron Microscopy Facility.

June 4-8 IST Austria Summer School in Probability Organized by Jan Maas, László Erdős, and Robert Seiringer; February 22 Rovereto School, Italy 20 Italian students learning how to work with people with neurological disabilities visited the and Mathematical Physics 7 keynote speakers (including Fields Medalist Martin Hairer) Novarino research group in order to understand how advanced the research in the field is.

June 25-29 Applied Topology: Organized by Herbert Edelsbrunner and Ulrich Wagner; 10 keynote speakers adressing March 8 BRG Klosterneuburg 14 school children (14-15 years of age), accompanied by their physics teacher, Methods, Computation, and Science the further development of topological techniques for use in applications and the creation visited the Wojtan and Bickel research groups. of new areas of applications in applied topology March 9-11 ÖMO (Austrian Math- 16 school children had an intensive training on campus, as part of their preparation for the July 9-13 Summer School on Geometric Organized by Tamás Hausel; 9 keynote speakers ematics Olympiad team) National Mathematics Olympiad. Representation Theory May 24 Science Education Day IST Austria organized the first-ever “Science Education Day”, providing a forum to exchange ideas on how we September 9-13 12th European Fluid Mechanics Conference IST Austria co-organized the conference held at TU Wien, Vienna 2018 can engage and excite students for science and support teachers in developing science activities. (EFMC12) Under the motto “Exchange. Enrich. Evolve.”, around 150 participants (scientists, teachers and prospective teachers, politicians, and the public) discussed possibilities and new pathways in the field of science education. September 17-19 New Directions in Drosophila Blood Cell Organized by Daria Siekhaus; 2 keynote speakers; gathered together experts working on Biology (NDDBCB) immune cells in the fly June 13 HTL Kaindorf 18 school children (16-17 years of age) learned about High Performance Computing at IST Austria.

June 20 Evolutionary Biology 20 winners of the Evolutionary Biology Contest organized by the Barton group visited IST Austria Contest as a celebration of their success.

June 21 BRG Eisenstadt About 40 school children (16-17 years of age), accompanied by two teachers, visited the Nanofabrication Facility.

June 24-26 CPS Match For the third year in a row, the International Mathematics Olympiad (IMO) teams from the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria came to IST Austria to test their skills in a friendly competition and prepare for the IMO. Over the course of two days, students put their minds to six challenging problems under real testing conditions. Their answers were graded by IST Austria scientists—including interns, grad students, postdocs, and professors.

July 20 KinderUni Wien Nearly 300 children's university students from Vienna and Lower Austria spent a day on the campus of IST Austria. The theme of this year's event was "Tiny cells – very big!"

August 20-24 IST Austria 62 children aged 7-10 spent a whole week of science camp at IST Austria. Sommercampus

August 27-29 Top Models in Science 15 youngsters (12-16 years of age) came to take part in “Top Models in Science: Science needs models, too!” During the three-day camp, the teenagers had the chance to dive into the exciting world of science.

August 30 National Chemistry 12 school children with exceptional results at the National Chemistry Olympiad visited the Olympiad Winners Sazanov research group and the Bioimaging Facility.

November 28 HTL Rosensteingasse, 25 students in their high school graduation year visited the Electron Microscopy Facility, the Plant Facility and Vienna the Life Science Facility.

126 127 IST Austria IST Austria Donors Club Internal Awards 2018

Public lectures Outstanding PhD Thesis Platinum Club Anton Nikitenko, Edelsbrunner group Invicta Foundation Date Speaker and affiliation Talk series and title

March 6 Jeffrey D. Sachs IST Science and Society Lecture “Science and society in sustainable development” Outstanding Scientific Achievement Gold Club Columbia University Shabir Barzanjeh, Fink group Mondi AG OMV AG March 13 Anton Zeilinger IST Lecture “Quantum communication” Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology; Outstanding Scientific Support Raiffeisen Group Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna and Institute Dorota Jaworska, Plant growth facility voestalpine AG of Quantum Optics and Quantum Information; Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) Outstanding Administrative Support Silver Club June 4 Ben Feringa IST Lecture “The art of building small” Stephanie Danzinger, A2P Berndorf AG University of Groningen Steven Heinz

June 6 Martin Hairer ÖAW-IST Lecture “Bridging scales” Golden Chalk Award for Excellence in Teaching Miba AG Imperial College London Georg Osang, Edelsbrunner group Oberbank AG Prinzhorn Holding GmbH October 3 Eric Wieschaus IST Lecture “Gene activity and the mechanics of embryonic development” Princeton University Golden Sponge Award for Excellent Teaching Assistance Schoeller Bleckmann AG Rok Grah, Tkačik group W. Hamburger GmbH DI Klaus Pöttinger

Donor Club Alcatel-Lucent-Austria AG Institute colloquia TWIST (Technology Transfer) talks Allinvest Unternehmensbeteiligungs GmbH Gebrüder Weiss GmbH Speaker and affiliation Speaker and affiliation Kapsch AG

Kathryn Hess École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Peter Brabeck-Letmathe Chairman Emeritus, Nestlé S.A. Martin Hetzer Salk Institute for Biological Studies Michael Lukesch CEO and Cofounder, Valanx Adam Summers University of Washington Curt Carlson Founder and CEO, Practice of Innovation LLC; Mark Pauly École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Former President and CEO, SRI International Lieven Vandersypen Delft University of Technology Luca Cardelli Microsoft Research Yukiko Goda RIKEN Brain Science Institute Jürg Fröhlich ETH Zurich Walter Fontana Harvard University Edvard Moser Norwegian University of Science and Technology Alysson Muotri University of California San Diego Gil Kalai The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Orna Kupferman The Hebrew University of Jerusalem John O’Keefe University College London Wolf Singer Max Planck Institute for Brain Research Grant Jensen California Institute of Technology Immanuel Bloch Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Michel Milinkovitch University of Geneva Monika Henzinger University of Vienna Molly Przeworski Columbia University Arthur D. Lander University of California, Irvine

128 129 Boards of IST Austria Leadership of IST Austria

Board of Trustees Executive Committee of the Board of Trustees Thomas A. Henzinger, President Michael Sixt, Vice President Chair: Claus J. Raidl, President, Oesterreichische Chair: Haim Harari Georg Schneider, Managing Director Nationalbank (until August 2018), Vienna, Austria Vice-Chair: Reinhard Jahn Nick Barton, Dean of the Graduate School Vice-Chair: Olaf Kübler, Former President of ETH Zurich, Switzerland Elisabeth Engelbrechtsmüller-Strauß Catherine Cesarsky, Chief Scientific Advisor, Former High Com- Iain Mattaj missioner for Atomic Energy, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France Claus J. Raidl Alice Dautry, Former President, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Wolfgang Ruttenstorfer Elisabeth Engelbrechtsmüller-Strauß, CEO/CFO, Fronius International GmbH, Pettenbach, Austria The Executive Committee is a subcommittee of the Board of Peter Fratzl, Director, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Trustees and has, among others, the following rights and duties: Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany • Act on behalf of the Board of Trustees in all matters between Haim Harari, Former President of Weizmann Institute of Science, the meetings of the Board of Trustees. Rehovot, Israel • Hold preliminary discussions on matters to be brought for Alexander Hartig, Member of the Management Board, approval to the Board of Trustees, such as the annual budget. Industrieliegenschaftenverwaltungs AG, Vienna, Austria

Reinhard Jahn, Director, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany Monika Kircher, Member of the Supervisory Board and Consultant, Scientific Board Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Villach Iain Mattaj, Director General, European Molecular Biology Chair: Peter Fratzl, Director, Max Planck Institute Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany Pietro Perona, Allen E. Puckett Professor of Electrical Engineering Vice-Chair: Maria J. Esteban, Professor, Centre de Recherche en and Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Mathématiques de la Décision, University of Paris-Dauphine, France Technology, Pasadena, USA Angelika Amon, Professor, Department of Biology, Wolfgang Ruttenstorfer, Member of the Supervisory Board, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA RHI Magnesita, Vienna Airport Ben Feringa, Professor, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Elisabeth Stadler, CEO, Vienna Insurance Group, Vienna, Austria University of Groningen, The Netherlands Stefan Szyszkowitz, Spokesman of the Executive Board, EVN, Tony F. Heinz, Professor, Department of Applied Physics, Maria Enzersdorf, Austria Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA Hannah Monyer, Professor, Department of Clinical Neurobiology, The Board of Trustees oversees the development of the Institute, University of Heidelberg, Germany while acting as its highest authority and ensuring that it adheres to Gene Myers, Director, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell its founding principles and vision. It provides guidance to the man- Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany agement and—among other tasks—is responsible for approving: Martin Nowak, Professor, Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, • the statutes of the organization and its strategic direction, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA • the budget and annual financial statements, Gordon Plotkin, Professor, Laboratory for Foundations of Computer • the appointment of the President, the Scientific Board, Science, University of Edinburgh, UK (until July 2018) and the Managing Director, and Petra Schwille, Director, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, • the procedures for academic appointments and the promotion Martinsried, Germany of scientists. Non-voting Member: Claus J. Raidl, President, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (until August 2018), Vienna, Austria The Board of Trustees consists of 15 members. Eight of them are internationally successful scientists, four are appointed by the The Scientific Board prepares recommendations for the scientific di- Federal Government, and three are appointed by the Government rection of the Institute. It provides guidance to ensure a high degree of Lower Austria. of scientific productivity, and among other duties, it organizes inter- nal evaluations of the various research fields. The Scientific Board consists of ten researchers who are recognized internationally at the highest levels and an additional (non-voting) member with outstand- ing management experience.

130 131 Location & Campus Map

61

Visiting IST Austria 29 The Institute is located 18 km from the center of Vienna and can easily be reached via public transportation. The IST Austria Shuttle Bus 142 leaves from the U4 Station Heiligenstadt. Additionally, a number of 27 public buses connect IST Austria to Vienna. 60

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24 P 39 41 43 37 45 23

Czech Republic P 04 40 38 42 01 44 33 35 31 34 0505 22 02 IST Austria 32 Klosterneuburg Slovakia

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Switzerland 07 Italy 11 g

erneubur Vienna Slovenia Klost

Bus St op

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IST Park (under construction)

01 Central Building 04 Bertalanffy Foundation Building 16 Power Control 31–35 Apartments Science Offices, Guesthouse, 05 Preclinical Facility 21 Lab and Office Building West 37–45 Apartments Oberbank Ballroom, 06 Lab Building East 22 Cafeteria 60 Tennis Courts Mondi Seminar Center, 07 2nd Administration Building 23 Lab Building 5 (under construction) 61 Soccer Field Coffee Pub 08 Visitor Center (planned) 24 Lab Building 6 (planned) 02 Raiffeisen Lecture Hall 11 Facility Management 27 Kindergarten 03 voestalpine Building 12 Heating Plant 29 Multi-purpose Experimental Facility Administration 13 Miba Machine Shop

132 133

Imprint Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria) Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg +43 (0)2243–9000 [email protected] www.ist.ac.at

Editors Lisa Cichocki, Yvonne Kemper, Stefanie Schabhüttl Texts IST Austria Graphic design Perndl+Co Print Walla Copyright Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), 2019

Photography Gregor Buchhaus, Lisa Cichocki, Roland Ferrigato, Robert Herbst, Regina Hügli, Yvonne Kemper, Sebastian Philipp, Paul Pölleritzer, Nadine Poncioni, Reiner Riedler, Anna Stöcher

Additional Image Credits 15: Lois Lammerhuber; Heimo Ager; 17: Georg Kargl; 45: MRC-LMB/Neil Grant, Andrew P. Higgenbotham, Pim Rusch; 49: Timothee Brütsch, Matouš Glanc, C. Stevani; 51: Nobuyuki Umetani, Birgit Rieger, Cohen et al.; 53: Rybicki et al., TU Wien/Hans Havlicek, Moritz Lang; 55: Birgit Rieger, Espinoza et al., Isabel Chew; 57: Barzanjeh et al., Kühnen et al., Birgit Rieger; 63: Maciek Adamowski; 64: Walter Kaufmann, Anne Reversat, Georg Arnold, Ivan Prieto; 66: Georg Bauer; 70: Uschi Oswald; 73: Daniel Hinteramskogler; Cover inside: BMBWF/Martin Lusser, Markus Hintzen In 2009, IST Austria welcomed the first IST Austria was inaugurated a decade ago. scientists to the newly opened campus. In this time, it has established itself as a In 2018, IST Austria was identified as an world-class institute of basic research. institute in the scientific fast lane and one We are committed to support the of the top young basic research institutes Institute in its further growth and in the world. Also, remarkable successes expansion, because research forms the in acquiring ERC grants show the high basis of our future development here in excellence of the Institute. This is due to Lower Austria, as well as in Austria and the outstanding work of the scientists Europe as a whole. IST Austria pushes the on campus, whose achievements lay the boundaries of what is known and what foundation for the future viability of the is possible; we hope that the Institute Institute. The Institute’s simple, but continues to challenge conventions, to effective policy of recruiting the best flourish, and to inspire and train the next minds in a few subjects has paid off; generation in the years to come. I look forward to the continued success Johanna Mikl-Leitner of this project and of the scientists on Governor of Lower Austria campus.

Heinz Faßmann Federal Minister of Education, Science, and Research