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Documento De Tesis.Pdf (8.828Mb) UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL “MARTA ABREU” DE LAS VILLAS FACULTAD DE CONSTRUCCIONES DEPARTAMENTO DE ARQUITECTURA TRABAJO DE DIPLOMA Título: “Estudio de Proyecto para la Remodelación del Mirador del Caribe Trinitario, en el Paisaje Natural Protegido Topes de Collantes”. Autor: Sandra María Hernández de la Cruz Tutor: Msc. Arq. Dorgis Sarduy Herrera. Santa Clara 2017 "Año del 59 Aniversario del Triunfo de la Revolución" i Pensamiento La tierra no es como muchos piensan, una herencia de nuestros padres. Es, cuando menos, un préstamo de nuestros hijos”. José Martí ii Dedicatoria A mi abuela… iii Agradecimientos A toda mi familia, que sin importar la distancia que a veces nos separaban, supieron darme fuerza para terminar esta carrera, en especial a mi Tatica bella y a mi tío papi Jose que me guiaron siempre y me dieron el calor de padres necesario para aprender a vivir. A mi madrina nina. A mi amiga incondicional Claudia. A mi tutor de oro… A todas las personas que en determinada etapa me brindaron la mano humildemente y con sinceridad, gracias para todos. ¡Se me olvidaba, la maluchera! iv Resumen En los tiempos actuales, el desarrollo sostenible ha llegado a erigirse como la nueva filosofía que nos podría orientar hacia modelos productivos más racionales con el entorno y equitativos socialmente. La Naturaleza cada vez es más maltratada por el hombre, protegerla es tarea de todos, hoy, pocos son los que se prometen a ello. El interés por contemplar los paisajes naturales crece a medida que pasan los años, la intención es mantener lo que todavía existe, y construir subordinándose al entorno, respetar el conjunto natural sin que la intervención lo maltrate visual y ecológicamente. Se pretende con el Estudio de Proyecto del Mirador del Caribe Trinitario, en el paisaje Natural Protegido Topes de Collantes, aprovechar las potencialidades que posee el mismo, para contar con espacios y calidad de infraestructura suficientes para el desarrollo del turismo sostenible. Partiendo de una aproximación e introducción general se identifican en una primera parte del estudio, a través de un estudio de repertorio, tanto nacional como internacional, los antecedentes y tendencias actuales sobre intervenciones en miradores ubicados en espacios naturales protegidos. Más adelante se caracteriza el Paisaje Natural Protegido Topes de Collantes, de acuerdo al diagnóstico del sitio, su estrategia de desarrollo, listado de necesidades, sus potencialidades y problemática actual. Por último, se elabora la documentación técnica para la ejecución del Proyecto de Ideas Conceptuales. v Abstract In the current times, the sustainable development has ended up being erected as the new philosophy that could guide us toward more rational productive models with the environment and equal socially. The Nature every time is more mistreated by the man, to protect it is task of all, today, few are those that are promised to it. The interest to contemplate the natural landscapes grows as the years pass, the intention is to maintain what exists still, and to build being subordinated to the environment, to respect the natural group without the intervention mistreats him visual and ecologically. It is sought with the Study of Project of the Mirador of the Trinitarian Caribbean, in the landscape Natural Protected Ends of Collantes, to take advantage of the potentialities that it possesses the same one, to have spaces and enough infrastructure quality for the development of the sustainable tourism. Leaving of an approach and general introduction is identified in a first part of the study, through a repertoire study, so much national as international, the antecedents and current tendencies on interventions in miradors located in protected natural spaces. Later on the Landscape Natural Protected Ends of Collantes is characterized, according to the diagnosis of the place, its development strategy, listing of necessities, its potentialities and problematic current. Lastly, the technical documentation is elaborated for the execution of the Project of Conceptual Ideas. vi Índice Pensamiento .......................................................................................................................... i Dedicatoria ............................................................................................................................ ii Agradecimientos .................................................................................................................. iii Resumen .............................................................................................................................. iv Abstract .................................................................................................................................. v Introducción ...........................................................................................................................1 CAPÍTULO 1. Marco teórico conceptual sobre el tema de estudio. Antecedentes nacionales e internacionales, tendencias actuales. .......................................................7 1.1. Consideraciones generales acerca de las Áreas Protegidas.........................7 1.2. El Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas de Cuba (SNAP)..........................8 1.3. Turismo en Áreas Protegidas del SNAP. Del Turismo de Naturaleza al Turismo Sostenible. .......................................................................................................11 1.3.1 Del Turismo de Naturaleza al Turismo Sostenible en Áreas Protegidas. ..................................................................................................................14 1.4. Infraestructuras en Áreas Protegidas...............................................................15 1.4.1 Clasificación según su función...................................................................16 1.4.2 Principios generales para el diseño. .........................................................18 1.4.3 Lineamientos para el desarrollo de infraestructura y equipamiento. ...19 1.4.4 El uso de las ecotecnias para infraestructuras de Áreas Protegidas. .28 1.5. Antecedentes de Proyectos de Infraestructura en Áreas Protegidas. ........33 CASO DE ESTUDIO #1: Remodelación del mirador del Monte Caro, Parque Natural de Els Ports, Castellón de la Plana, España. ......................................33 CASO DE ESTUDIO #2: Mirador en el Quilotoa, Ecuador. ............................35 vii CASO DE ESTUDIO #3: Proyecto “Mirador Salto del Guayabo, Parque Nacional La Menzura-Piloto, Holguín, Cuba......................................................37 CASO DE ESTUDIO #4: La Gran Piedra, mirador del oriente cubano, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.......................................................................................39 1.6. Normativa Vigente para la intervención y manejo de las Áreas Protegidas en Cuba. ..........................................................................................................................40 1.7. Aplicación de la Nueva Estrategia Política y Económica dentro de la Gestión de Áreas Protegidas. ......................................................................................44 1.8. Conclusiones Parciales Capítulo I ....................................................................45 CAPÍTULO 2. Diagnóstico del “Mirador del Caribe Trinitario”, contexto turístico, histórico, cultural y de naturaleza para el desarrollo de infraestructuras..................47 2.1 La relación Empresa Turística (Grupo Gaviota SA) y el Área Protegida. ..47 2.2 Caracterización Físico-Geográfica del Área de Estudio. ..............................48 2.2.1 Contexto natural. ..........................................................................................49 Relieve .........................................................................................................................51 Caracterización de la fauna ......................................................................................52 Características generales de la flora.......................................................................52 Clima del área.............................................................................................................53 Precipitaciones. ..........................................................................................................56 Humedad relativa. ......................................................................................................56 Régimen de vientos. ..................................................................................................57 Insolación. ...................................................................................................................57 Características de los paisajes. ...............................................................................57 2.2.2 Caracterización del medio transformado..................................................59 Edificaciones existentes. ...........................................................................................59 viii Repercusiones de la construcción sobre el ecosistema del PNP. .....................62 2.3 Lista de Necesidades para la Infraestructura dentro del PNP. ....................63 2.3.1 Estado actual del PNP. ...............................................................................63 Zonificación general...................................................................................................63 Zona 1 “Mirador”:........................................................................................................65
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