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Walking Tour of Aztalan State Park

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Walking Tour of Aztalan State Park -_-7 ~77 . rm *Q~-TFL,___a g ‘,1 — :...., /' _ F ‘— on Z% mm-.1"-my n‘cgQ 0 /’ ._. Y‘ O ° ° 000000 - on 0 oe°°°° ———~é— " Km; ‘um, ‘ ’ .» ' » .j;,:»“~ rY L ,. ‘:4 j§’*~,f1 I _ ,.\ ' ~ - .. ° 5 ==;;,';j1;:.;=j;;I' U 4 - at 1 1 K u=- w:,..., .. \.y , Z \ 9 _ . , L-4 _ / ’%-_=.—-;$ “ Q ' ° ' 1 ‘ M, /0*’ . XA-1°"@ 0’ . qr ¥- “y... ‘ . j\ \ -';—:.Y;.. ‘:.» /._.=;;7 .’z‘~.-‘P’ "“' " , , ,- Q k ' . -1“ v L F >_>I~,.~":fl ‘N 's~_""!"\“va,,> — _ in \ .7. - ;.;;?7-V3.f '~‘ ~ 0, M0 cl »/ ..- Ammlizmr wmimxs V: \:"'~’75""f""'-*1/" w u 5 Y _/,~1‘lf"j__,Z§' ‘"\; “ U I g , -. k " " ‘ Mwlm I ' “ " < _"\§&" = ” *1". la_~u..,... " 0%‘D “Z\./M"._*\" Z%_'=““"'."=:"1%‘‘\ av.év. _ WY,.‘ 4 3,‘I 0 . ‘ I‘ ‘ ‘q®gh 4N‘_ \4 ._4 ~O I‘ I»' ‘dhi-A,id.. G >'_“:7;‘E' ,. Y'‘\,’ . I,| 4:.‘ S -. UM’'1.»4q '-;1;____.'~‘_ “v->- :|ffl‘~ itA *1_ *2:' D. ~fi \~"'*5 fl 1!» \Q l in __.. __ __ _ A??? E’3~.!‘£ Illustrations by: R. Burke I.A. Lapham L. Goldstein E. Pauson D. Barreis S. A. Barrett C. Rowe The Department of Natural Resources gratefully acknowledges the help of Lynne Goldstein, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, and Joan Freeman, State Historical Society of Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 1995 4 Aztalan State Park opened to the The people who lived in Aztalan practices are just a few of the public in 1952. The park pre- village had a highly organized and similarities that exist between serves one of the most important fairly complex way of life. Before Aztalan and Cahokia. But there archaeological sites in Wisconsin. historic plowing claimed its toll, are differences also. Although clas- Aztalan was designated a National evidence of several stockade walls, sic Middle Mississippian features Landmark in 1964 and listed in large platform mounds, ancient exist, many artifacts belonging to the National Register of Historic farm elds and numerous mound the local people called Woodland by Places in 1966. and pit features dotted the 172 archaeologists are also present in In 1836’ Wisconsin vast acres which now t':0IIlpI'1S8 the large numbers. There appears to for . park. Archaeological excavations, be a blend of the two cultures . unexplored territory to the settler . , . with . beginning in 1919, have helped to everyday life and activities, from the eastern states. Imagine . Missis-. reconstruct some of these features a more traditional Middle the surprise and wonder of a young , . named Timoth Johnson and also piece together the social, sippian view taken in respect to when he rst fe ruins of political and economic life ofAzta- village planning and religious life. ancient Aztalan. For the next 150 lam Aztalan was a ourishing com- years, these ruins were investigat- Aztalan is one of the northern- munity from AD 900 to AD 1200, at ed by amateurs and professionals most outposts of what archaeolo- which time all the inhabitants left. alike in a quest to uncover the lives gists call the Middle Mississippian The reason for this abandonment of the people who lived here so Tradition. This tradition is most is as much a mystery today as it many hundreds of years ago. notable in west-central Illinois at was when Timothy Johnson rst a site called Cahokia, located near stood in awe in 1836. St. Louis. Mound and stockade construction, house constniction, pottery decoration and agricultural tvv,'Q"* - - ‘If-~’;*)‘kWa *3: M " ~‘ ~ -' ' I Q. ~ -. N5: .. 0 50 100 Meters ., r ii.‘ 5.3". i W .:?=~-:73‘ .. I . ' ' ' 3 V /Y M" ‘ ' ‘ ._> Agricultural \ Hbltarron Area I ~ MW i n ~..-=~»~. ._ ' -__.a - ‘*—-__ _ _-_-F _ 3;, (I. , \ Precrnct . ;r — - - _ .7 1 / ~~ Plaza Area Gram / 4 C, ' . _ - é , aw _,__r./.3, ff)»-' =1; ;" I7/V “~ ~ Pnncess _ _ Knoll , "" Br P~ _ _ , wt his M01-W-7 ' t ..- ar _ TOWN‘ 's“""'°'@5"nEr“~9 / in - _.._ _ Aztalan DMUSEU,“ V 3;. vnrca, \§ ' c.i. ,_ Mom’ K1 . ~ t Preqnof vi . Twslow I aw ' Mrdden area Q if*..t,>‘:. G - - - - Stockade I-I-I-I Stockade (reconstructed) I Pyramidal mound area Q mI|]I|I|]I| Approximate location ol destroyed mound JG04 This walking tour will take you Please remember that the site is lagers are buried here, the site is through the most populated p0r- protected by state and federal law. also considered sacred by modern tion of the ancient village. The tour Digging and artifact collecting are Indian tribes. Please treat the area begins by the kiosk just north of prohibited. Since many ancient vil- with respect. the lower parking lot. 5 6 Th"islsanaurat l gravelknll.B0 ecauseof't1s ~~='f">.N .1‘»~ i location relative to the mounds, it is possible ' ' - » l‘ U t f"‘* ,,-_&_V J if " / ‘__-_ if that the knoll served a function within the vil- ‘p " 3 $6’ ' 5' *' _.. 4. If!) If ** .‘ 1» J "" I; ' lage plan; it may have been used as the fourth Q’; ii platform. ‘V I av?» _ ’*K. I . 1» __*' . z“ . / <_ K From this point, almost all the site can be seen. To a ‘L ‘£2 Y /rm the north, two platform mounds were once present. Q, < f I " ‘6 lg North of the stockade wall, agricultural elds sup vim if /. plied a staple of corn to the villagers. To the east is the r Crawsh River. Positioned at key points along this por- 55; I Z‘ >3 tion of the river are rock barriers called sh weirs. One 1‘ sh weir is still visible when the water is low. To the i . ‘ south is another portion of the stockade. Houses once ’f,—=*‘ ~—f1f"l) ' ,5!) stood where the lower parking lot is now. To the west is the largest mound at the site and the longest wall of the stockade. The tour will stop at the major features within the stockade. Stop two is directly north of this ; ,, '7 .43, W » knoll. I ,. “V ~$y<7§)‘ .~_;'l.'- ¢% .H.,.'|‘~, . /M w .»‘ - , tr/J. /‘*1’, ' \ ».. <;.\ .7 »"' w as ‘Er /"‘m*w> L__ A concentration of houses were uncovered in Each house was probably home to a single fam- this area. All the houses were either circular ily-—one or two adults, their children and possibly a few or rectangular in shape. Although no rows elders. of houses were found, the dense grouping of structures suggests some planning. House construction began by setting wall posts. Wall posts 3 were either driven into individual holes or placed with " 1 »"’,.I:_ 17*...’ -~» *1 /.. '1»: . ‘ii: ck-‘:'"‘=‘ ‘l .31 in a trench dug to the size and shape of the house. The ..,;g;jf 5} 1; 1. R W; \ , v-\-.1 . covered a made of grasses I. 1, ‘lit’ ll Kl "~55 I Y-.1 ‘H1 K U were with V w/ walls then plaster ' .~ / ‘ W. (L mwlx ~'W,.:1 . W.. K .1 "" and clay, called wattle and daub. When a house burned, "~ > ‘ '~ ;<-41¢‘ 'i“»»‘~i .~.<-—-~/‘X this mixture formed a distinctive hard red substance referredt0 as Aztalan b11c‘ k. Roofs were made of bark or H, <' M \‘V\H . thatch People lived 1n these houses all year round and \3\1|;|;¥\ \ $ {J :4 .\.-- .» .f’ ~ ‘. -ii-Ir . many of the houses had entrances facing south, away .,4 l . rs. i from the harsh winter winds. \_ -_ l 1 \ C jaxnl, Inside the houses were pole frame beds, probably covered with tamarack boughs, deer skins and furs.‘ .: ‘D. Q.' Fireplaces were located in the center of the house with ..,.. rm -. a hole in the roof to release the smoke. Food such as . we ', . ‘ " O/»¢ i o - corn, nuts and seeds were stored in woven bags and 0% 0 . v .' g ‘ I placed in large pits inside the house. Meat and other I O; - =1 perishables were probably stored outside the house W i where much of the cooking was done. \ 7 >1». ,3’ mm. i"£;T“\€Aax. 1%i Yiff;‘_f~”1vi‘\ 4_ Jlgma 4' _‘5;’‘IpAMJV l “as ‘?§§\-5;,4‘~ d5* ,__.. 1:1?’la.__ "§=§§": ;Xi/_ ii\ 8 The location ofAztalan village was and swan as well as turtle and tery making. Some raw materials chosen for its rich natural envi- mussel remains show the ability of were traded for more exotic goods ronment, containing a wide variety these people to use all that the en- such as copper from Lake Superior, of food and other resources within vironment had to offer them. Some sea shells from the Gulf coast and a short walk in any direction. The meat, sh and plant foods were stone from other Midwest sources. people grew corn but also gathered processed and stored for later use. wild foods such as hickory nuts, Building materials and acorns and berries. The rimar . P y materials for tools were also avail- meat source was deer’ hovkvfver’ able locally or through trade in elk’ raccoon’ beaver’ mus a.t’ and the Aztalan area. Trees along the ’ fox were also eaten. These villagers . ~; river supplied posts for houses, ar- ate a large quantity of sh Catsh’ rows hafts and bows, rewood and \ il'\\_ bass, suck- ,, J \f\ wooden bowls and spoons. Boughs \ ‘\ ers, buffalo | \ . \ and grasses were used for thatch . sh, pike, . 1 /V ‘ l ' 1 - and bedding. Shell was used for f drum and 5 jewelry, beads, spoons and possible / »/, gar are all , i , (I W /y ,i , “ / 1 . \ ' ,-' -- \\ dgging tools; bone for awls, ar i 7 ' 1 ' ll ins and represented l \‘\ rdwheads \ <1.//i in in the ar- i "~ .\ \\[\\') ’p Ii tools.
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