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Growth Performance of Thai Pangus (Pangasius Hypophthalmus) in Polyculture System Using Different Supplementary Feeds

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Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 27, 2008 pp. 59-62 ISSN 1023-6104 http://journals.sfu.ca/bd/index.php/UJZRU © Rajshahi University Zoological Society Growth performance of thai pangus (pangasius hypophthalmus) in polyculture system using different supplementary feeds M. A. B. Sayeed, G. S. Hossain, S. K. Mistry and K. A. Huq Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh. Abstract: Thai pangus polyculture with carps has been increasing for its high potential, however very few attempts were made to compare its growth using different types of feed. A research was undertaken to assess the effect of three types of feed on growth of Thai pangus (Pangasius hypophthalmus) and rohu (Labeo rohita) in polyculture system for 11 months from 15 May 2005 to 15 April 2006 in Khulna. Growth performance using Hand-made Feed (F1) was compared with two commercial fish feed, Sunney Feed (F2) and Saudi-Bangla Feed (F3) in three respective treatments of T1, T2 and T3. All treatments were carried out in triplicate at 24700/ha for Thai pangus and 4940/ha for rohu. Average initial weight of Thai pangus and rohu were 4.5 and 33.5g respectively. Growth performance was influenced by feed type. Average final weight of Thai pangus and rohu were 820 and 710; 846 and 770; and 872 and 717g with specific growth rate 1.58 and -1 0.93; 1.59 and 0.95 and 1.60 and 0.93 % day in T1, T2 and T3 respectively. Feed conversion ratio was estimated 2.3 in T1, 2.1 in T2 and 1.96 in T3. The result showed a typical increasing trend of final weight and specific growth rate of Thai pangus along with the increasing of feed protein level. But rohu showed highest growth in T2 where protein level was 26-30% which was lower than that of T3 (Protein level 28-32%). The study suggests that suitable protein level and quality feed is required for adequate growth of fish. Key words: Feed, Thai pangus, Polyculture, Growth. Introduction satisfactory, 85%, stated by Rahman et al. (1992). High In Bangladesh, about 63% animal protein of our meal density and semi-intensive culture of P. hypophthalmus in comes from fisheries resources (Ahmed, 2005) which are ponds have been established and are very popular in composed of 260 freshwater native species, 12 species of Bangladesh. Such culture can produce at a rate of as high exotic fishes, 24 species of freshwater prawn, 475 marine as 25-30 tons/ha/yr. with protein rich diets (BFRI and fish species and 36 species of marine shrimp (Haque, BARC, 2001). 2005). Sarker (2000) reported that amongst exotic fish To optimize the utilization of available resources, species Thai pangus (Pangasius hypophthalmus) is the polyculture is the best and pond culture has presented this best due to its easy culture system, favorable weather opportunity to Thai pangus-rohu polyculture. The condition for culture and high market demand. According productivity of the aquatic system is thus increased by to Sarder et al. (1994), pond culture of native pangus (P. more efficiently utilizing ecological resources within the pangasius) was started in 1945 at Khulna region of environment. Stocking two or more complimentary fish Bangladesh. But due to the lack of specific technical species can increase the maximum standing crop of a pond know-how as well as proper culture management it was by allowing a wide range of available food items and the neither successful nor so popular to the local people. pond volume to be utilized (Lutz, 2003). Though Thai Although necessary steps for native pangus culture in pangus and rohu has different feeding habits, it has been closed water condition were taken in 1987 at Chandpur, seen that these species mostly prefer balanced diet (DoF, 2000). But only natural food cannot afford high production but the initiative did not face any notable success (Sarker, in commercial polyculture system and many literature 2000). After the failure of native pangus culture the reveal significantly higher growth rates and greater yields government of Bangladesh imported 100 numbers fry with the addition of supplemental feed (Green, 1992; (0.18 g weighted) of Thai pangus (P. hypophthalmus) from Diana et al., 1994). Thailand in 1990 (Sarker, 2000). In recent years, Thai pangus has become one of the most popular commercial Thai pangus growers generally use different culturable species due to its high yield and low production supplemental feeds in culture. The availability of reliable data regarding these additional feeds is important for rapid cost, and many hatcheries all over the country are now growth of Thai pangus in polyculture system. producing Thai pangus fry to meet up the farmers’ Determination of suitable type of feed based on reliable demand. Depending on availability of fry the monoculture data may help to promote fish growth and production, thus system of Thai pangus has widely been spreaded increasing profitability. So the main objective of the throughout the country. Now the fish farmers are also too present study was to check and compare the growth much interested to culture Thai pangus. Outside performance of Thai pangus (P. hypophthalmus) Bangladesh, three important species viz. P. polyculture using hand made and commercial feeds to get hypophthalmus, P. larnaudi and P. sanirwangsei are a better understanding of the feed requirements of that cultured extensively in Thailand, Combodia and Vietnam combination of fish species. both in earthen ponds (Bardach et al., 1972) and in Materials and methods floating net cages (Aguru, 1970) where it reaches up to 3 The research was carried out in Batiaghata, Khulna in nine kg in two years. The survival rate of P. hypophthalmus is rectangular shaped earthen culture ponds (0.2 ha each) for 11 months from 15 May 2005 to 15 April 2006. There Fishes were randomly weighed once in every month and were three treatments which were carried out in triplicate the daily ration was adjusted accordingly. Feed testing tray with a stocking density of 24700/ha for Thai pangus (P. was used to avoid excess feed. Different water quality hypophthalmus) and 4940/ha for rohu (L. rohita). The parameters viz. temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH were initial average weight of Thai pangus and rohu were 4.5 monitored fortnightly at 10-12 a.m. and 33.5g respectively for all treatments. Three different Table 2. Hand Made Feed (F ) components and their types of feed - Hand Made Feed (F ), Sunney Fish Feed 1 1 protein levels for Starter and Grower Feed. (F2) and Saudi Bangla Fish Feed (F3) with different proximate compositions (Table-1) were used in three respective treatments of T1, T2 and T3. Actual Starter Feed Grower Feed Feed protein % Protein % Protein Table 1. Protein, Fat and Moisture level of Hand Made Feed Components (%) (F ), Sunney Fish Feed (F ) and Saudi Bangla Fish used (%) used (%) 1 2 Meat/fish Feed (F3) with different feeding specifications 45 25 11.25 20 9.00 meal Rice bran 12 23 2.76 32 3.84 Til oil cake 26 20 5.20 18 4.68 Soybean cake 40 20 8.00 10 4.00 Types Wheat flower 14 10 1.40 17 2.38 of Feed Vitamin Nursery Starter-I Grower-I Starter–II - 0.1 - 0.1 - Starter-III Grower-II premix Cod liver oil - 1 - 2 - F 28.61 28.61 28.61 23.9 23.9 23.9 1 Salt - 0.9 - 0.9 - P (%) F 30 30 30 26 26 26 2 Total - 100 28.61 100 23.90 F3 32 32 32 28 28 28 F1 12 12 10 10 10 10 Growth performance and feed utilization efficiency F (%) F2 5 5 5 5 5 5 were calculated according to Ricker (1975) as follows: F3 5 5 5 5 4 4 - 1 Specific Growth Rate (SGR % day ) = 100 [(lnWt – F1 14 14 14 14 15 15 - 1 lnWo) t ]; where Wo and Wt are the initial and final live M (%) F2 11 11 11 11 11 11 F 12 12 12 12 12 12 weight (g) of the fish respectively, and t is culture period 3 in days. 201 5 16 31 76 131 *Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR = Dry Weight (g) of Feed - Thai -15 -30 -75 -130 -200 Supplied / Live Weight (g) of Fish Gained Pangus above Results and Discussion vs. Feed 261 Fish wt (g) 35 51 76 136 191 - Results of growth performance of Thai pangus (Pangasius -50 -75 -135 -190 -260 Rohu above hypophthalmus) polyculture using different supplementary 2.5- feeds indicated significant effect of feed in different FR 15-10 10-8 8-6 6-4 4-2.5 1.5 treatments. (Table 4). At the termination of 11 months FF 3 2 2 2 2 2 feeding trial the average body weight of individual Thai P = Protein, F = Fat, M = Moisture, FR = Feeding Rate (% of pangus and rohu attained at 820, 710; 846, 770; and 872, body wt), FF = Feeding Frequency (day - 1) 717g with specific growth rate (SGR) 1.58, 0.93; 1.59, - 1 0.95 and 1.60, 0.93% day in T1, T2 and T3 respectively. Protein level (N X 6.25) was determined by the The values of feed conversion ratio (FCR) for the Kjeldahl method after an acid digestion using an Auto experimental fishes under T1, T2 and T3 were estimated as Kjeldahl System (1030-Autoanalyser; Tecator, Hoganos, 2.3, 2.1 and 1.96 respectively. Sweden). Fat level was determined by the ether-extraction method by Soxtec System HT (Soxtec System HT6; The result of the experiment reveals that significantly Tecator, Hoganos, Sweden).
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