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Slugs of Britain & Ireland
TEST VERSION 2013 SLUGS OF BRITAIN & IRELAND (Short test version, pages 18-37 only) By Ben Rowson, James Turner, Roy Anderson & Bill Symondson PRODUCED BY FSC 2013. TEXT AND PHOTOS © NATIONAL MUSEUM OF WALES 2013 External features of slugs Tail Mantle Head Keel Tubercles Lateral bands Genital pore Identification of Slugs Identification Tentacles. Breathing pore (pneumostome) Keel Eyes Variations in lateral banding Mantle markings and ridges Broken lateral bands Mouth Solid lateral bands Sole (underside of foot) Mantle. Note texture and presence of grooves and ridges, as Tubercles. Note whether numerous and small/fine vs. few and well as any markings and banding. large/coarse. Pigment may be present in the grooves between tubercles. Tentacles. Note colour. Slugs may need to be handled or disturbed to extend tentacles. Keel (raised ridge). Note length and whether truncated at the tip of tail. Beware markings that may exaggerate or obscure the Breathing pore (pneumostome). length of keel. On right-hand side of body. Note whether rim is noticeably paler or darker than body sides. Sole (underside of foot). Note colour and any patterning. The sole in most slugs is tripartite i.e. there are three fields running Lateral bands. Note whether present on mantle and/or tail. in parallel the length of the animal. Is the central field a different Note also intensity, whether broad or narrow, and whether high shade from the lateral fields or low on body side. Shell Dorsal grooves. In Testacellidae, note wheth- Mucus pore. er the two grooves meet in front of the shell or Present only in Arionidae underneath it. -
Gastropods Alien to South Africa Cause Severe Environmental Harm in Their Global Alien Ranges Across Habitats
Received: 18 December 2017 | Revised: 4 May 2018 | Accepted: 27 June 2018 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4385 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Gastropods alien to South Africa cause severe environmental harm in their global alien ranges across habitats David Kesner1 | Sabrina Kumschick1,2 1Department of Botany & Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Abstract Matieland, South Africa Alien gastropods have caused extensive harm to biodiversity and socioeconomic sys- 2 Invasive Species Programme, South African tems like agriculture and horticulture worldwide. For conservation and management National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens, Claremont, purposes, information on impacts needs to be easily interpretable and comparable, South Africa and the factors that determine impacts understood. This study aimed to assess gas- Correspondence tropods alien to South Africa to compare impact severity between species and under- Sabrina Kumschick, Centre for Invasion stand how they vary between habitats and mechanisms. Furthermore, we explore the Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, relationship between environmental and socioeconomic impacts, and both impact South Africa. measures with life- history traits. We used the Environmental Impact Classification for Email: [email protected] Alien Taxa (EICAT) and Socio- Economic Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (SEICAT) Funding information to assess impacts of 34 gastropods alien to South Africa including evidence of impact South African National Department of Environmental Affairs; National Research from their entire alien range. We tested for correlations between environmental and Foundation; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence socioeconomic impacts per species, and with fecundity and native latitude range for Invasion Biology; South African National Biodiversity Institute using Kendall’s tau tests. -
The Slugs of Britain and Ireland: Undetected and Undescribed Species Increase a Well-Studied, Economically Important Fauna by More Than 20%
The Slugs of Britain and Ireland: Undetected and Undescribed Species Increase a Well-Studied, Economically Important Fauna by More Than 20% Ben Rowson1*, Roy Anderson2, James A. Turner1, William O. C. Symondson3 1 National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom, 2 Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, 3 Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom Abstract The slugs of Britain and Ireland form a well-studied fauna of economic importance. They include many widespread European species that are introduced elsewhere (at least half of the 36 currently recorded British species are established in North America, for example). To test the contention that the British and Irish fauna consists of 36 species, and to verify the identity of each, a species delimitation study was conducted based on a geographically wide survey. Comparisons between mitochondrial DNA (COI, 16S), nuclear DNA (ITS-1) and morphology were investigated with reference to interspecific hybridisation. Species delimitation of the fauna produced a primary species hypothesis of 47 putative species. This was refined to a secondary species hypothesis of 44 species by integration with morphological and other data. Thirty six of these correspond to the known fauna (two species in Arion subgenus Carinarion were scarcely distinct and Arion (Mesarion) subfuscus consisted of two near-cryptic species). However, by the same criteria a further eight previously undetected species (22% of the fauna) are established in Britain and/or Ireland. Although overlooked, none are strictly morphologically cryptic, and some appear previously undescribed. Most of the additional species are probably accidentally introduced, and several are already widespread in Britain and Ireland (and thus perhaps elsewhere). -
The Prevalence of Angiostrongylus Cantonensis/Mackerrasae Complex in Molluscs from the Sydney Region
RESEARCH ARTICLE The Prevalence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis/mackerrasae Complex in Molluscs from the Sydney Region Douglas Chan1,2*, Joel Barratt2,3, Tamalee Roberts1, Rogan Lee4, Michael Shea5, Deborah Marriott1, John Harkness1, Richard Malik6, Malcolm Jones7, Mahdis Aghazadeh7, John Ellis3, Damien Stark1 1 Department of Microbiology, SydPath, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia, 2 i3 Institute, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia, 3 School of Medical and Molecular Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia, 4 Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia, 5 Malacology Department, Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 6 Centre for Veterinary Education, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia, 7 School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, a11111 Gatton, Queensland, Australia * [email protected] Abstract Angiostrongylus cantonensis and Angiostrongylus mackerrasae are metastrongyloid nema- OPEN ACCESS todes that infect various rat species. Terrestrial and aquatic molluscs are intermediate hosts Citation: Chan D, Barratt J, Roberts T, Lee R, Shea of these worms while humans and dogs are accidental hosts. Angiostrongylus cantonensis M, Marriott D, et al. (2015) The Prevalence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis/mackerrasae Complex is the major cause of angiostrongyliasis, a disease characterised by eosinophilic meningitis. in Molluscs from the Sydney Region. PLoS ONE Although both A. cantonensis and A. mackerrasae are found in Australia, A. cantonensis ap- 10(5): e0128128. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128128 pears to account for most infections in humans and animals. Due to the occurrence of sev- Academic Editor: Henk D. F. H. Schallig, Royal eral severe clinical cases in Sydney and Brisbane, the need for epidemiological studies on Tropical Institute, NETHERLANDS angiostrongyliasis in this region has become apparent. -
Gastropods = Slugs + Snails
Slug and snail pests in urban areas and the development of novel tools for their management Rory Mc Donnell DepartmentGastropods of Crop and Soil =Science, Slugs Oregon + Snails State University, Corvallis Our relationship with slugs and snails Traditionally a repulsive organism . Slug phobias – American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis Shell-less snails! Slug = snail minus an external shell! Advantages of no shell: – Squeeze through very tight spaces – Live in environments that snails cannot – Move more quickly i.e. top speed 0.025mph! Slug Body Plan Keel Ocular tentacles Pneumostome Mantle Aydin Orstan Sensory tentacles Caudal mucus pore Tubercle Slugs and snails as pests . Direct pests of agriculture, suburban, urban, natural areas, and interface of these systems Purdue Extension Choke disease – Jay Pscheidt . Vector human pathogens – e.g. Escherichia coli . Aesthetic damage e.g. mucus and faeces Pest species in Oregon What species are causing the damage? Invasive slugs and snails Predominantly from Europe European Brown Garden Snail - Helix aspersa © Lynn Ketchum, OSU Gray Garden Slug - Deroceras reticulatum Josua Vlach, ODA White-soled Slug - Arion circumscriptus © Evergreen State College Marsh Slug – Deroceras laeve European Red Slug - Arion rufus Cellar Slug - Limacus flavus Shelled Slug - Testacella haliotidea Roy Anderson - MolluscIreland Future threats What species should we be worried about showing up here in the future? Cuban Slug - Veronicella cubensis Cuban Slug Should Oregon be concerned? Collected on the mainland in 2006 Angiostrongylus cantonensis Potentially fatal in humans Giant African Snail - Lissachatina fulica Robert Pearce Giant African Snail Giant African Snail James Smith and Glenn Fowler – USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST Urban Infestation in Miami 1966 infestation in Miami – Seven years – 18,000 snails – $1 million New infestation – 8 September 2011 Miami Infestation Miami Dade Co. -
Draft Carpathian Red List of Forest Habitats
CARPATHIAN RED LIST OF FOREST HABITATS AND SPECIES CARPATHIAN LIST OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES (DRAFT) PUBLISHED BY THE STATE NATURE CONSERVANCY OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC 2014 zzbornik_cervenebornik_cervene zzoznamy.inddoznamy.indd 1 227.8.20147.8.2014 222:36:052:36:05 © Štátna ochrana prírody Slovenskej republiky, 2014 Editor: Ján Kadlečík Available from: Štátna ochrana prírody SR Tajovského 28B 974 01 Banská Bystrica Slovakia ISBN 978-80-89310-81-4 Program švajčiarsko-slovenskej spolupráce Swiss-Slovak Cooperation Programme Slovenská republika This publication was elaborated within BioREGIO Carpathians project supported by South East Europe Programme and was fi nanced by a Swiss-Slovak project supported by the Swiss Contribution to the enlarged European Union and Carpathian Wetlands Initiative. zzbornik_cervenebornik_cervene zzoznamy.inddoznamy.indd 2 115.9.20145.9.2014 223:10:123:10:12 Table of contents Draft Red Lists of Threatened Carpathian Habitats and Species and Carpathian List of Invasive Alien Species . 5 Draft Carpathian Red List of Forest Habitats . 20 Red List of Vascular Plants of the Carpathians . 44 Draft Carpathian Red List of Molluscs (Mollusca) . 106 Red List of Spiders (Araneae) of the Carpathian Mts. 118 Draft Red List of Dragonfl ies (Odonata) of the Carpathians . 172 Red List of Grasshoppers, Bush-crickets and Crickets (Orthoptera) of the Carpathian Mountains . 186 Draft Red List of Butterfl ies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of the Carpathian Mts. 200 Draft Carpathian Red List of Fish and Lamprey Species . 203 Draft Carpathian Red List of Threatened Amphibians (Lissamphibia) . 209 Draft Carpathian Red List of Threatened Reptiles (Reptilia) . 214 Draft Carpathian Red List of Birds (Aves). 217 Draft Carpathian Red List of Threatened Mammals (Mammalia) . -
Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)1 John L
EENY-494 Terrestrial Slugs of Florida (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)1 John L. Capinera2 Introduction Florida has only a few terrestrial slug species that are native (indigenous), but some non-native (nonindigenous) species have successfully established here. Many interceptions of slugs are made by quarantine inspectors (Robinson 1999), including species not yet found in the United States or restricted to areas of North America other than Florida. In addition to the many potential invasive slugs originating in temperate climates such as Europe, the traditional source of invasive molluscs for the US, Florida is also quite susceptible to invasion by slugs from warmer climates. Indeed, most of the invaders that have established here are warm-weather or tropical species. Following is a discus- sion of the situation in Florida, including problems with Figure 1. Lateral view of slug showing the breathing pore (pneumostome) open. When closed, the pore can be difficult to locate. slug identification and taxonomy, as well as the behavior, Note that there are two pairs of tentacles, with the larger, upper pair ecology, and management of slugs. bearing visual organs. Credits: Lyle J. Buss, UF/IFAS Biology as nocturnal activity and dwelling mostly in sheltered Slugs are snails without a visible shell (some have an environments. Slugs also reduce water loss by opening their internal shell and a few have a greatly reduced external breathing pore (pneumostome) only periodically instead of shell). The slug life-form (with a reduced or invisible shell) having it open continuously. Slugs produce mucus (slime), has evolved a number of times in different snail families, which allows them to adhere to the substrate and provides but this shell-free body form has imparted similar behavior some protection against abrasion, but some mucus also and physiology in all species of slugs. -
The Limacidae of the Canary Islands
THE LIMACIDAE OF THE CANARY ISLANDS by C. O. VAN REGTEREN ALTENA (34th Contribution to the Knowledge of the Fauna of the Canary Islands edited by Dr. D. L. Uyttenboogaart, continued by Dr. C. O. van Regteren Altena1)) CONTENTS Introduction 3 Systematic survey of the Limacidae of the central and western Canary Islands 5 Biogeographical notes on the Limacidae of the Canary Islands . 21 Alphabetical list of the persons who collected or observed Limacidae in the Canary Islands 31 Literature 32 INTRODUCTION In the spring of 1947 I was so fortunate as to join for some 9 weeks the Danish Zoological Expedition to the Canary Islands. During my stay I collected materials for the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden, paying special attention to the land- and freshwater Mollusca. This paper contains the first results of the examination of the Mollusca collected. My Danish friends Dr. Gunnar Thorson and Dr. Helge Volsøe gener- ously put at my disposal the non-marine Mollusca they collected during their stay in the Canaries. When the material has been worked up, duplicates will be deposited in the Zoological Museum at Copenhagen. I am indebted to several persons who helped me in various ways in the investigations here published. Prof. Dr. N. Hj. Odhner (Stockholm) very kindly put at my disposal a MS list of all the Mollusca of the Canary Islands and their distribution, which he had compiled for private use. Mr. Hugh Watson (Cambridge) never failed to help me by examining or lending specimens, and in detailed letters gave me the benefit of his great experience. -
Lic. Romina Valente
EPIDEMIOLOGÍA DE LAS PARASITOSIS TRANSMITIDAS POR MOLUSCOS EN EL NORESTE DE ARGENTINA: PUERTO IGUAZÚ SITIO DE INTERCAMBIO EN LA TRIPLE FRONTERA Tesis Doctoral LIC. ROMINA VALENTE DIRECTORAS: DRA. GRACIELA T. NAVONE DRA. JULIA I. DIAZ Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo 2017 A mi papas, por enseñarme a luchar por mis sueños, demostrándome que con honestidad, sacrificio y paciencia todo se puede. A mis hermanos Gimena y Pablo por creer en mí. Porque nunca me permitieron bajar los brazos. Gracias por calmar los momentos de angustia y desesperación. A mis sobrinos que son el motor de mi vida. A Sergio, por su Amor. i AGRADECIMIENTOS Al Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) por el otorgamiento de la Beca Doctoral con la cual se realizó esta tesis. Al Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), la Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT) y la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) por el otorgamiento de subsidios que facilitaron la realización de este trabajo. Al Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT) y al Centro de Estudio Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE), por brindarme el espacio y la infraestructura donde desarrollar este trabajo. A Graciela por haberme acompañado, apoyado y estimulado a seguir creciendo. Me enseñaste amar esta profesión y a seguir luchando a pesar de los obstáculos. Me demostraste que trabajando con honestidad, empeño y alegría todo tiene su fruto. Gracias por tus consejos, y por todas las palabras de aliento. A Julia por abrirme las puertas del Laboratorio cuando más lo necesitaba, enseñandome a dar mis primero pasos en este camino. -
Infecção Natural Por Larvas De Metastrongilídeos Em Moluscos Terrestres De Diferentes Regiões Do Estado De São Paulo
DAN JESSÉ GONÇALVES DA MOTA Infecção natural por larvas de metastrongilídeos em moluscos terrestres de diferentes regiões do estado de São Paulo Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências da Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências. Área de concentração: Pesquisas Laboratoriais em Saúde Pública Orientador: Prof. Dr. Pedro Luiz Silva Pinto SÃO PAULO 2018 ’’Os mais poderosos intelectos da Terra não podem compreender a Deus. Os homens podem estar sempre a pesquisar, sempre a aprender, e ainda há, para além, um infinito de conhecimento’’. Ellen G. White DEDICATÓRIA Aos meus pais, Ira e Lauro. Aos meus irmãos Adriana, Damaris, Jonas e Tamine. A minha esposa Valéria. Aos meus sobrinhos, Ádila, Júlia, Bruno e Sofia. Aos cunhados Robson e Felipe. Obrigado por vocês terem sido em minha vida modelos reais de amor, amizade, apoio, carinho e compreensão. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço ao Prof. Dr.Pedro Luiz Silva Pinto, pela oportunidade e confiança em mim depositada ao longo desses anos, pela orientação, incentivo e importante participação na minha formação científica. Ao Programa de Pós - Graduação em Ciências da Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo pela oportunidade de realização do doutorado. Minha gratidão a todos docentes e colegas de curso que contribuíram com minha formação acadêmica. Ao Núcleo de Enteroparasitas do Instituto Adolfo Lutz pelo apoio e acolhimento muito importantes nesta etapa de minha formação, agradeço a todos os funcionários que de várias maneiras apoiaram a execução deste trabalho. -
An Annotated List of the Non-Marine Mollusca of Britain and Ireland
JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY (2005), VOL.38, NO .6 607 AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE NON-MARINE MOLLUSCA OF BRITAIN AND IRELAND ROY ANDERSON1 Abstract An updated nomenclatural list of the non-marine Mollusca of the Britain and Ireland is provided. This updates all previous lists and revises nomenclature and classification in the context of recent changes and of new European lists, including the Clecom List. Cases are made for the usage of names in the List by means of annotations. The List will provide a basis for the future census and cataloguing of the fauna of Britain and Ireland. Key words Taxonomic, list, nomenclature, non-marine, Mollusca, Britain, Ireland, annotated. INTRODUCTION There has been a need for some time to modernise the list of non-marine Mollusca for Britain and Ireland, a subject last visited in this journal in 1976 (Waldén 1976; Kerney 1976). Many of the changes that have appeared in the literature since then are contentious and Kerney (1999) chose not to incorporate many of these into the latest atlas of non-marine Mollusca of Britain and Ireland. A new European List, the Clecom List (Falkner et al. 2001) has now appeared and it seems appropriate to examine in more detail constituent changes which might affect the British and Irish faunas. This is given additional urgency by the inception of a new census of the molluscs of Britain and Ireland by the Conchological Society. Recorders in the Society are aware of many of the proposed changes but unable to implement them without general agreement. In addition, many field malacologists make use of the recording package RECORDER, a recent form of which has been developed jointly by JNCC and the National Biodiversity Network in the United Kingdom. -
Comparing the IUCN's EICAT and Red List to Improve
A peer-reviewed open-access journal NeoBiota 62: 509–523Comparing (2020) the IUCN’s EICAT and Red List to improve impact assessments 509 doi: 10.3897/neobiota.62.52623 RESEARCH ARTICLE NeoBiota http://neobiota.pensoft.net Advancing research on alien species and biological invasions Comparing the IUCN’s EICAT and Red List to improve assessments of the impact of biological invasions Dewidine Van der Colff1,2, Sabrina Kumschick1,2, Wendy Foden3,4, John R. U. Wilson1,2 1 South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa 2 Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa 3 Cape Research Centre, South African National Parks, Tokai, 7947, Cape Town, South Africa 4 Global Change Biology Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa Corresponding author: Dewidine Van der Colff ([email protected]) Academic editor: S. Bacher | Received 27 March 2020 | Accepted 13 August 2020 | Published 15 October 2020 Citation: Van der Colff D, Kumschick S, Foden W, Wilson JRU (2020) Comparing the IUCN’s EICAT and Red List to improve assessments of the impact of biological invasions. In: Wilson JR, Bacher S, Daehler CC, Groom QJ, Kumschick S, Lockwood JL, Robinson TB, Zengeya TA, Richardson DM (Eds) Frameworks used in Invasion Science. NeoBiota 62: 509–523. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.62.52623 Abstract The IUCN recommends the use of two distinct schemes to assess the impacts of biological invasions on biodiversity at the species level. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (Red List) categorises native species based on their risk of extinction.