DOCSLIB.ORG

What GMO Crops Are Grown and Sold in the U.S.?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
What GMO Crops Are Grown and Sold in the U.S.? feed your mind Only a few types of GMO Potato crops1 are grown in the Papaya Some GMO potatoes2 were developed United States, but some to resist insect pests and disease. In By the 1990s, ringspot virus of these GMOs make up addition, some GMO potato varieties disease had nearly wiped a large percentage of the have been developed to resist bruising out Hawaii’s papaya crop, What GMO CROPS and browning that can occur when and in the process, almost crop grown (e.g., soybeans, potatoes are packaged, stored, and destroyed the papaya corn, sugar beets, canola, transported, or even cut in your kitchen. industry in Hawaii. A GMO and cotton). Most GMO While browning does not change the papaya,3 named the plants are used to make quality of the potato, it often leads to Rainbow papaya, was are grown and food being unnecessarily thrown away created to resist ringspot ingredients that are because people mistakenly believe virus. This GMO saved then used in other food browned food is spoiled. papaya farming4 on sold in the U.S.? products, for example, the Hawaiian Islands. cornstarch made with GMO SUMMER Squash corn or sugar made from WHOLE PRODUCE Apple GMO summer squash is resistant to GMO sugar beets. some plant viruses. Squash was one of A few varieties of GMO the first GMOs on the market, but it is apples were developed to not widely grown. resist browning after being cut. This helps cut down on food waste, as many consumers think brown apples are spoiled. Canola Soybean GMO canola is used mostly to make Most soy grown in the United States is cooking oil and margarine. Canola seed GMO soy. Most GMO soy is used for Sugar Beet meal can also be used in food for animals. food for animals, predominantly poultry Alfalfa Canola oil is used in many packaged and livestock, and making soybean oil. Sugar beets are used foods to improve food consistency. Most It is also used as ingredients (lecithin, GMO alfalfa is primarily to make granulated GMO canola is resistant to herbicides emulsifiers, and proteins) in processed used to feed cattle—mostly sugar. More than half and helps farmers to more easily control foods. In 2018, GMO soybeans made dairy cows. Most GMO the granulated sugar weeds in their fields. In 2013, GMO up 94%7 of all soybeans planted. alfalfa10 is resistant packaged for grocery canola made up 95%6 of canola planted. to herbicides, allowing store shelves is made farmers to spray the crops from GMO sugar to protect them against beets. Because GMO CORN Cotton destructive weeds that can sugar beets are reduce alfalfa production Most GMO corn is created to resist insect pests GMO cotton was created resistant to herbicides, and lower the nutritional or tolerate herbicides. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn to be resistant to bollworms growing GMO sugar quality of the hay. is a GMO corn that produces proteins that are toxic and helped revive the Alabama beets helps farmers PACKAGED FOODS ANIMAL FOOD to certain insect pests but not to humans, pets, cotton industry. GMO cotton control weeds in their livestock, or other animals. These are the same types not only provides a reliable source fields. In 2013, GMO of proteins that organic farmers use to control insect of cotton for the textile industry, sugar beets made up pests, and they do not harm other, beneficial insects it is also used to make cottonseed 99.9%5 of all sugar such as ladybugs. GMO Bt corn reduces the need oil, which is used in packaged foods beets harvested. for spraying insecticides while still preventing and in many restaurants for frying. insect damage. While a lot of GMO corn goes into GMO cottonseed meal and hulls are processed foods and drinks, most of it is used to also used in food for animals. In feed livestock, like cows, and poultry, like chickens. 2018, GMO cotton made up 94%9 In 2018, 92%8 of corn planted was GMO corn. of all cotton planted. March 2020 — 1 Get more information about GMOs at www.fda.gov/feedyourmind. Sources: 1https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/adoption-of-genetically-engineered-crops-in-the-us.aspx 2https://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/aphisdocs/13_02201p_dea.pdf 3https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/2909/PDF 4https://www.usda.gov/topics/biotechnology/biotechnology-frequently-asked-questions-faqs 5https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/81176/eib-163.pdf?v=42697 6https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/81176/eib-163.pdf?v=42697 7https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/adoption-of-genetically-engineered-crops-in-the-us.aspx 8https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/adoption-of-genetically-engineered-crops-in-the-us.aspx 9https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/adoption-of-genetically-engineered-crops-in-the-us.aspx 10https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2017/may/genetically-modified-alfalfa-production-in-the-united-states/ March 2020 — 2 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Moringa Oleifera 31.05.2005 8:55 Uhr Seite 1
    Moringa oleifera 31.05.2005 8:55 Uhr Seite 1 Moringa oleifera III-4 Moringa oleifera LAM., 1785 syn.: Guilandina moringa LAM.; Hyperanthera moringa WILLD.; Moringa nux-ben PERR.; Moringa pterygosperma GAERTN., 1791 Meerrettichbaum, Pferderettichbaum Familie: Moringaceae Arabic: rawag Malayalam: murinna, sigru Assamese: saijna, sohjna Marathi: achajhada, shevgi Bengali: sajina Nepali: shobhanjan, sohijan Burmese: daintha, dandalonbin Oriya: sajina Chinese: la ken Portuguese: moringa, moringueiro English: drumstick tree, Punjabi: sainjna, soanjna horseradish tree, ben tree Sanskrit: shobhanjana, sigru French: moringe à graine ailée, Sinhalese: murunga morungue Spanish: ángela, ben, moringa Gujarati: midhosaragavo, saragavo Swahili: mrongo, mzunze Hindi: mungna, saijna, shajna Tamil: moringa, murungai Kannada: nugge Telegu: mulaga, munaga, Konkani: maissang, moring, tellamunaga moxing Urdu: sahajna Fig. 1: Flower detail (front and side view) Enzyklopädie der Holzgewächse – 40. Erg.Lfg. 6/05 1 Moringa oleifera 31.05.2005 8:55 Uhr Seite 2 Moringa oleifera III-4 Drumstick tree, also known as horseradish tree and ben It is cultivated and has become naturalized in other parts tree in English, is a small to medium-sized, evergreen or of Pakistan, India, and Nepal, as well as in Afghanistan, deciduous tree native to northern India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, West Asia, the Nepal. It is cultivated and has become naturalized well Arabian peninsula, East and West Africa, throughout the beyond its native range, including throughout South Asia, West Indies and southern Florida, in Central and South and in many countries of Southeast Asia, the Arabian Pe- America from Mexico to Peru, as well as in Brazil and ninsula, tropical Africa, Central America, the Caribbean Paraguay [17, 21, 29, 30, 51, 65].
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Distribution of Maize-Associated Totivirus Strains from Tanzania
    Virus Genes (2019) 55:429–432 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-019-01650-6 Diversity and distribution of Maize-associated totivirus strains from Tanzania David Alan Read1 · Jonathan Featherston1 · David Jasper Gilbert Rees1 · Genevieve Dawn Thompson1 · Ronel Roberts2 · Bradley Charles Flett3 · Kingstone Mashingaidze3 · Gerhard Pietersen4 · Barnabas Kiula5 · Alois Kullaya6 · Ernest R. Mbega7 Received: 30 January 2019 / Accepted: 13 February 2019 / Published online: 21 February 2019 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Typically associated with fungal species, members of the viral family Totiviridae have recently been shown to be associated with plants, including important crop species, such as Carica papaya (papaya) and Zea mays (maize). Maize-associated totivirus (MATV) was first described in China and more recently in Ecuador, where it has been found to co-occur with other viruses known to elicit maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND). In a survey for maize-associated viruses, 35 samples were selected for Illumina HiSeq sequencing, from the Tanzanian maize producing regions of Mara, Arusha, Manyara, Kilimanjaro, Morogoro and Pwani. Libraries were prepared using an RNA-tag-seq methodology. Taxonomic classification of the result- ing datasets showed that 6 of the 35 samples from the regions of Arusha, Kilimanjaro, Morogoro and Mara, contained reads that were assigned to MATV reference sequences. This was confirmed with PCR and Sanger sequencing. Read assembly of the six MATV-associated datasets yielded partial MATV genomes, two of which were selected for further characterization, using RACE. This yielded two full-length MATV genomes, one of which is divergent from other available MATV genomes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Latex-Fruit Syndrome: a Review on Clinical Features
    Internet Symposium on Food Allergens 2(3):2000 http://www.food-allergens.de Review: The Latex-Fruit Syndrome: A Review on Clinical Features Carlos BLANCO Sección de Alergia, Hospital de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain SUMMARY KEYWORDS During the last decade, latex IgE-mediated allergy has been recognized as a very important medical problem. At the same time, many studies have dealt with allergic cross-reactions between aeroallergens and foods. Recently, a latex allergy "latex-fruit syndrome" has been postulated, because there is clear evidence of food allergy the existence of a significant clinical association between allergies to latex and cross-reactivity certain fruits. latex-fruit syndrome Several studies have demonstrated that from 20% to 60% of latex-allergic class I chitinases patients show IgE-mediated reactions to a wide variety of foods, mainly fruits. Although implicated foods vary among the studies, banana, avocado, chestnut and kiwi are the most frequently involved. Clinical manifestations of these reactions may vary from oral allergy syndrome to severe anaphylactic reactions, which are not uncommon, thus demonstrating the clinical relevance of this syndrome. The diagnosis of food hypersensitivities associated with latex allergy is based on the clinical history of immediate adverse reactions, suggestive of an IgE- mediated sensitivity. Prick by prick test with the fresh foods implicated in the reactions shows an 80% concordance with the clinical diagnosis, and therefore it seems to be the best diagnostic test currently available in order to confirm the suspicion of latex-fruit allergy. Once the diagnosis is achieved, a diet free of the offending fruits is mandatory.
    [Show full text]
  • Safety Assessment of Carica Papaya (Papaya)-Derived Ingredients As Used in Cosmetics
    Safety Assessment of Carica papaya (Papaya)-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics Status: Draft Report for Panel Review Release Date: February 21, 2020 Panel Meeting Date: March 16-17, 2020 The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel members are: Chair, Wilma F. Bergfeld, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Donald V. Belsito, M.D.; Curtis D. Klaassen, Ph.D.; Daniel C. Liebler, Ph.D.; James G. Marks, Jr., M.D.; Lisa A. Peterson, Ph.D.; Ronald C. Shank, Ph.D.; Thomas J. Slaga, Ph.D.; and Paul W. Snyder, D.V.M., Ph.D. The CIR Executive Director is Bart Heldreth, Ph.D. This safety assessment was prepared by Alice Akinsulie, former Scientific Analyst/Writer and Priya Cherian, Scientific Analyst/Writer. © Cosmetic Ingredient Review 1620 L St NW, Suite 1200 ◊ Washington, DC 20036-4702 ◊ ph 202.331.0651 ◊fax 202.331.0088 ◊ [email protected] Distributed for Comment Only - Do Not Cite or Quote Commitment & Credibility since 1976 Memorandum To: CIR Expert Panel Members and Liaisons From: Priya Cherian, Scientific Analyst/Writer Date: February 21, 2020 Subject: Draft Report on Papaya-derived ingredients Enclosed is the Draft Report on 5 papaya-derived ingredients. The attached report (papaya032020rep) includes the following unpublished data that were received from the Council: 1) Use concentration data (papaya032020data1) 2) Manufacturing and impurities data on a Carica Papaya (Papaya) Fruit Extract (papaya032020data2) 3) Physical and chemical properties of a Carica Papaya (Papaya) Fruit Extract (papaya032020data3) Also included in this package for your review are the CIR report history (papaya032020hist), flow chart (papaya032020flow), literature search strategy (papaya032020strat), ingredient data profile (papaya032020prof), and updated 2020 FDA VCRP data (papaya032020fda).
    [Show full text]
  • Propagation Experiments with Avocado, Mango, and Papaya
    Proceedings of the AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE 1933 30:382-386 Propagation Experiments with Avocado, Mango, and Papaya HAMILTON P. TRAUB and E. C. AUCHTER U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. During the past year several different investigations relative to the propagation of the avocado, mango and papaya have been conducted in Florida. In this preliminary report, the results of a few of the different experiments will be described. Germination media:—Avocado seeds of Gottfried (Mex.) during the summer season, and Shooter (Mex.) during the fall season; and Apple Mango seeds during the summer season, were germinated in 16 media contained in 4 x 18 x 24 cypress flats with drainage provided in the bottom. The eight basic materials and eight mixtures of these, in equal proportions in each case, tested were: 10-mesh charcoal, 6-mesh charcoal, pine sawdust, cypress sawdust, sand, fine sandy loam, carex peat, sphagnum peat, sand plus loam, carex peat plus sand, sphagnum peat plus sand, carex peat plus loam, sand plus coarse charcoal, loam plus coarse charcoal, cypress sawdust plus coarse charcoal, and carex peat plus sand plus coarse charcoal. During the rainy summer season, with relatively high temperature and an excess of moisture without watering, 10-mesh charcoal, and the mixture of carex peat plus sand plus charcoal proved most rapid, but for the drier, cooler fall season, when watering was necessary, the mixture of cypress sawdust plus charcoal was added to the list. During the rainy season the two charcoal media, sphagnum peat, sand plus charcoal, cypress sawdust plus charcoal, and carex peat plus sand plus charcoal gave the highest percentages of germination at the end of 6 to 7 weeks, but during the drier season the first three were displaced by carex peat plus sand, and sphagnum peat plus sand.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 Definitions and Classifications for Fruit and Vegetables
    Chapter 1 Definitions and classifications for fruit and vegetables In the broadest sense, the botani- Botanical and culinary cal term vegetable refers to any plant, definitions edible or not, including trees, bushes, vines and vascular plants, and Botanical definitions distinguishes plant material from ani- Broadly, the botanical term fruit refers mal material and from inorganic to the mature ovary of a plant, matter. There are two slightly different including its seeds, covering and botanical definitions for the term any closely connected tissue, without vegetable as it relates to food. any consideration of whether these According to one, a vegetable is a are edible. As related to food, the plant cultivated for its edible part(s); IT botanical term fruit refers to the edible M according to the other, a vegetable is part of a plant that consists of the the edible part(s) of a plant, such as seeds and surrounding tissues. This the stems and stalk (celery), root includes fleshy fruits (such as blue- (carrot), tuber (potato), bulb (onion), berries, cantaloupe, poach, pumpkin, leaves (spinach, lettuce), flower (globe tomato) and dry fruits, where the artichoke), fruit (apple, cucumber, ripened ovary wall becomes papery, pumpkin, strawberries, tomato) or leathery, or woody as with cereal seeds (beans, peas). The latter grains, pulses (mature beans and definition includes fruits as a subset of peas) and nuts. vegetables. Definition of fruit and vegetables applicable in epidemiological studies, Fruit and vegetables Edible plant foods excluding
    [Show full text]
  • Annona Cherimola Mill.) and Highland Papayas (Vasconcellea Spp.) in Ecuador
    Faculteit Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen Academiejaar 2001 – 2002 DISTRIBUTION AND POTENTIAL OF CHERIMOYA (ANNONA CHERIMOLA MILL.) AND HIGHLAND PAPAYAS (VASCONCELLEA SPP.) IN ECUADOR VERSPREIDING EN POTENTIEEL VAN CHERIMOYA (ANNONA CHERIMOLA MILL.) EN HOOGLANDPAPAJA’S (VASCONCELLEA SPP.) IN ECUADOR ir. Xavier SCHELDEMAN Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor (Ph.D.) in Applied Biological Sciences Proefschrift voorgedragen tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen Op gezag van Rector: Prof. dr. A. DE LEENHEER Decaan: Promotor: Prof. dr. ir. O. VAN CLEEMPUT Prof. dr. ir. P. VAN DAMME The author and the promotor give authorisation to consult and to copy parts of this work for personal use only. Any other use is limited by Laws of Copyright. Permission to reproduce any material contained in this work should be obtained from the author. De auteur en de promotor geven de toelating dit doctoraatswerk voor consultatie beschikbaar te stellen en delen ervan te kopiëren voor persoonlijk gebruik. Elk ander gebruik valt onder de beperkingen van het auteursrecht, in het bijzonder met betrekking tot de verplichting uitdrukkelijk de bron vermelden bij het aanhalen van de resultaten uit dit werk. Prof. dr. ir. P. Van Damme X. Scheldeman Promotor Author Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences Department Plant Production Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Agronomy and Ethnobotany Coupure links 653 B-9000 Ghent Belgium Acknowledgements __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Acknowledgements After two years of reading, data processing, writing and correcting, this Ph.D. thesis is finally born. Like Veerle’s pregnancy of our two children, born during this same period, it had its hard moments relieved luckily enough with pleasant ones.
    [Show full text]
  • Diabetes Exchange List
    THE DIABETIC EXCHANGE LIST (EXCHANGE DIET) The Exchange Lists are the basis of a meal planning system designed by a committee of the American Diabetes Association and the American Dietetic Association. The Exchange Lists The reason for dividing food into six different groups is that foods vary in their carbohydrate, protein, fat, and calorie content. Each exchange list contains foods that are alike; each food choice on a list contains about the same amount of carbohydrate, protein, fat, and calories as the other choices on that list. The following chart shows the amounts of nutrients in one serving from each exchange list. As you read the exchange lists, you will notice that one choice is often a larger amount of food than another choice from the same list. Because foods are so different, each food is measured or weighed so that the amounts of carbohydrate, protein, fat, and calories are the same in each choice. The Diabetic Exchange List Carbohydrate (grams) Protein (grams) Fat (grams) Calories I. Starch/Bread 15 3 trace 80 II. Meat Very Lean - 7 0-1 35 Lean - 7 3 55 Medium-Fat - 7 5 75 High-Fat - 7 8 100 III. Vegetable 5 2 - 25 IV. Fruit 15 - - 60 V. Milk Skim 12 8 0-3 90 Low-fat 12 8 5 120 Whole 12 8 8 150 VI. Fat - - 5 45 You will notice symbols on some foods in the exchange groups. 1. Foods that are high in fiber (three grams or more per normal serving) have the symbol *. 2. Foods that are high in sodium (400 milligrams or more of sodium per normal serving) have the symbol #.
    [Show full text]
  • Source-Sink Relationship During Papaya Fruit Development and Ripening Was
    SOURCE-SINK RELATIONSHIP DURING PAPAYA FRUIT DEVELOPMENT AND RIPENING A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERISTY OF HAWAIM IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HORTICULTURE MAY 1999 BY Lili Zhou Dissertation Committee: Robert E. Pauli, Chairperson Kent Kobayashi Roy K. Nishimoto Chung-Shih Tang David A. Christopher We certify that we have read this dissertation and that, in our opinion, it is satisfactory in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Horticulture. DISSERTATION COMMITTEE Chairperson ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere thanks give to Dr. Robert E. Pauli, my major advisor, for his guidance, support, and encouragement throughout my Ph.D. program and to Dr. David Christopher, for his supervision and help on molecular techniques and allowing me to work in his lab, for the last two years. I am grateful to other committee members. Dr. Kent Kobayashi, Dr. Rey K. Nishimoto, Dr. Chung-Shih Tang for their valuable comments, input, and encouragement during my research. I also appreciate Dr. Chia’s kind help during my comprehensive examination. I express my special thanks to UH Poamoho Experimental Station, Doles Food Fresh Company and Mr. Nozawa at north shore private farm for management of the papaya field and for the provision of experiment fruit. Thanks also to Dr. Richard Manshardt for the use of his papaya seed and to Dr. Sturm for kindly providing carrot invertase antiserium. I deeply appreciate my lab colleagues; Dr. Nancy Chen, Mrs. Gail Uruu, Mr. Ted Goo, Mr. Achie Reyes’ technical help and friendship throughout my study.
    [Show full text]
  • Moringa Oleifera: the Future of Health Village Volunteers Juliana Silver
    Moringa oleifera: The Future of Health Village Volunteers Juliana Silver Natural History The genus Moringa is indigenous to several countries. These countries include Madagascar, Namibia, SW Angola, Kenya, Ethiopia, Red Sea, Horn of Africa, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan in the northwestern region of the Himalayans (Fahey, 2005). List of Countries and indigenous species: Kenya: M. arborea, M. borziana, M. longituba, M. rivae, M. stenopetala Somalia: M. borziana, M. longituba, M. pygmaea. Ethiopia: M. longituba, M. rivae, M. ruspoliana, M. stenopetala. Madagascar: drouhardii, M. hildebrandtii. Namibia: M. ovalifolia. Angola: M. ovalifolia. India: M. concanensis, M. oleifera. Red sea and Horn of Africa: M. peregrina. Map showing Moringa species per country Image source: http://www.mobot.org/gradstudents/olson/moringahome.html Moringa typically grows in semi-dry, desert or tropical soil which is why it grows well in many countries that normally have dry soils. There are about thirteen different known species of Moringa, of which Moringa oleifera is the most studied and used. M. oleifera are native only to India and they are now widely distributed to many other tropical parts of the world such as Egypt, The Philippines, Kenya, Ghana, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Haiti, Nicaragua, Ethiopia and many other countries with the type of soil in which Moringa thrives. Moringa can grow with very little moisture because its roots can store moisture for prolonged periods of time. Nutritional Values of Moringa Moringa tree contains many nutrients such as essential vitamins, essential minerals, amino acids, beta-carotene, anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory nutrients, phytochemicals and it also contains both omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (Kasolo NJ et al).
    [Show full text]
  • Gibberellic Acid Induced Changes on Growth, Yield, Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase and Peroxidase in Fruits of Bitter Gourd (Momordica Charantia L.)
    horticulturae Article Gibberellic Acid Induced Changes on Growth, Yield, Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase and Peroxidase in Fruits of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) Mazhar Abbas 1,* , Faisal Imran 1, Rashid Iqbal Khan 1, Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye 2, Tariq Rafique 3, Muhammad Jameel Khan 4, Süleyman Taban 5 , Subhan Danish 2 and Rahul Datta 6,* 1 Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan; [email protected] (F.I.); [email protected] (R.I.K.) 2 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab 60800, Pakistan; [email protected] (M.Z.-u.-H.); [email protected] (S.D.) 3 PGRP, Bio-resource Conservation Institute, NARC, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; [email protected] 4 Department of Soil Science and Environmental Science, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 29050, Pakistan; [email protected] 5 Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Dı¸skapı-Ankara06110, Turkey; [email protected] 6 Department of Geology and Pedology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska1, Brno 61300, Czech Republic * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.A.); Tel.: +92-3216685249 (M.A.); [email protected] (R.D.); Tel.: +42-0773990283 (R.D.) Received: 16 September 2020; Accepted: 12 October 2020; Published: 29 October 2020 Abstract: Bitter gourd is one of the important cucurbits and highly liked among both farmers and consumers due to its high net return and nutritional value. However, being monoecious, it exhibits substantial variation in flower bearing pattern. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are known to influence crop phenology while gibberellic acid (GA3) is one of the most prominent PGRs that influence cucurbits phenology.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Papaya and Storage Time on the Quality of the Newly Developed Papaya Crackers
    Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, April - 2016; Volume – 4(2) Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences http://www.jebas.org ISSN No. 2320 – 8694 EFFECT OF PAPAYA AND STORAGE TIME ON THE QUALITY OF THE NEWLY DEVELOPED PAPAYA CRACKERS Habiba Khatun1,*, Nusrat Jahan1, Mojaffor Hosain2, Trisna Mardy1 and Shahinur Rahman1 1Departmentof Food Science and Nutrition, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200 2Departmentof Food Processing and Preservation, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200 Received – March 03, 2016; Revision – March 17, 2016; Accepted – April 20, 2016 Available Online – April 25, 2016 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2016.4(2).194.200 KEYWORDS ABSTRACT Crackers Crispy nutritious papaya crackers were developed from locally available papaya and whole wheat flour o Physicochemical by baking in oven at 130 C for 35 min. Crackers were packed in high density polyethylene pouches and characteristics stored under ambient condition for 90 days. The influence of papaya and storage condition on physicochemical compositions was evaluated in present study. Physicochemical analyses of fresh Papaya crackers revealed the presence of moisture (3.3-3.6%), ash (4.07-4.12%), protein (6.35-8.13%), fat (1.75-1.94%), fibers (11.50-13.75%), minerals like sodium (6.1-6.61 mg/100g), magnesium (122.44- Whole wheat flour 115.28 mg/100g), potassium (469.62-443.34 mg/100g), calcium (24.99-21.97 mg/100g) and phosphorus (307.66-229.13 mg/100g). Among various studied physicochemical parameters only slight increases Storage time was reported in the moisture content while in case of other parameters like fat, ash, fiber, protein and mineral content some reduction was reported at the 90 days of storage.
    [Show full text]