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Análisis De La Filmografía De Christopher Nolan

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Análisis De La Filmografía De Christopher Nolan UNIVERSIDAD DE EXTREMADURA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA DOCUMENTACIÓN Y LA COMUNICACIÓN GRADO EN COMUNICACIÓN AUDIOVISUAL Trabajo Fin de Grado ANÁLISIS DE LA FILMOGRAFÍA DE CHRISTOPHER NOLAN RUBÉN BENÍTEZ LLAMAZARES REALIZADO BAJO LA TUTELA DEL PROFESOR: JOSÉ MALDONADO ESCRIBANO CONVOCATORIA Septiembre 2015 ÍNDICE 1. Introducción ........................................................................................................ 3 2. Objetivos y metodología .................................................................................. 3 2.1.Objetivos ......................................................................................................... 3 2.2.Metodología .................................................................................................... 5 3. Estudio del cineasta Christopher Nolan .................................................... 6 3.1. Contexto cinematográfico .............................................................................. 6 3.2. Análisis del director ....................................................................................... 8 3.2.1. Biografía y filmografía ......................................................................... 8 3.2.2. Influencias del director ....................................................................... 11 3.2.3. Premios obtenidos en su filmografía .................................................. 12 4. Análisis de las películas ................................................................................. 16 4.1. Following ..................................................................................................... 16 4.2. Memento ....................................................................................................... 21 4.3. Insomnio ....................................................................................................... 28 4.4. Batman Begins ............................................................................................. 32 4.5. El Truco final ............................................................................................... 39 4.6. El Caballero oscuro ..................................................................................... 44 4.7. Origen .......................................................................................................... 51 4.8. El Caballero oscuro: la leyenda renace ...................................................... 59 4.9. Interstellar .................................................................................................... 65 5. Conclusiones ...................................................................................................... 73 6. Fuentes y referencias bibliográficas ......................................................... 76 7. Anexos .................................................................................................................. 80 7.1. Listado de imágenes utilizadas .................................................................... 80 7.2. Glosario ........................................................................................................ 81 2 1. INTRODUCCIÓN Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado ha sido elaborado para poner en conocimiento todo lo aprendido, referente a las competencias y con aportes de diferentes asignaturas, en los cuatro años de carrera universitaria, cuyo trabajo data sobre la filmografía de un director que ha marcado una época, especialmente en nuestro tiempo, ya que se trata de un director contemporáneo como es Christopher Nolan. Es un trabajo en esencia bastante extenso, ya que se va a analizar desde un punto de vista fílmico, lo cual eso implica analizar principalmente el campo técnico de sus películas, tales como efectos especiales, montaje o planos, y obviamente todos conocemos a Christopher Nolan por ser un director que lleva a límites insospechados tales campos, lo cual a la hora de analizarlos requiere captar al pie cualquier detalle. Sin embargo, me he decidido a llevar a cabo un trabajo de este director, porque personalmente lo considero uno de los directores que mejor ha irrumpido en el siglo XXI, donde nos ha dejado impactados con películas que muchas de ellas te dejan con incógnitas, algo que para los cinéfilos puede resultar atractivo y visualizarlas demasiadas veces para llegar a comprenderlas de alguna manera. Hasta tal punto que aún no comprendiendo algunas de ellas, cada espectador extrae sus propias conclusiones y la analiza desde un punto de vista determinado. Para la realización de dicho trabajo se ha requerido de un gran trabajo de análisis e investigación de diversa índole, con documentación cinematográfica, montaje cinematográfico, producción audiovisual, narrativa, etc. Por supuesto se han visualizado también las películas del director para el apartado de análisis. Por último, reseñar los diferentes puntos que se tratarán en dicho trabajo, donde se analizará el contexto cinematográfico en el que ubicamos a Christopher Nolan, además de un análisis de su biografía y las influencias que le inspiraron a realizar tales películas y, posteriormente, se hará un análisis de las nueve películas, las cuales han sido dirigidas por él y las que atañen en el trabajo que se ha realizado. 2. OBJETIVOS Y METODOLOGÍA 2.1. OBJETIVOS El objetivo principal del Trabajo de Fin de Grado es llevar a cabo un análisis de las películas dirigidas por Christopher Nolan, además de hacer un pequeño repaso por su biografía y mostrar el contexto cinematográfico en el que se enmarca. Las películas a analizar serán: 3 Following (1998), Memento (2000), Insomnio (2002), Batman Begins (2005), El Truco final (2006), El caballero oscuro (2008), Origen (2010), El caballero oscuro: La leyenda renace (2012) e Interstellar (2014). Los OBJETIVOS GENERALES que se pretenden cumplir en el trabajo están orientados a plasmar los conocimientos adquiridos en referencia a las asignaturas cursadas en el Grado, además de la capacidad de elaborar un contenido consensuado y elaborado de manera que se pueda defender con argumentos justificados. Todo ello también con una organización estructurada ordenando cada uno de los apartados, donde se pretende introducir una reflexión en cada uno de ellos para incitar al espectador de alguna manera al conocimiento de ciertos conceptos cinematográficos con la ayuda de las imágenes pertenecientes a las películas. Por supuesto y mucho más importante, antes de pasar a la metodología, es poner en práctica los conocimientos y competencias de diferentes asignaturas para realizar el Trabajo de Fin de Grado. A continuación, se expondrán las competencias adquiridas que se pretenden reflejar en este trabajo en relación a varias asignaturas del Grado extraídas de la página web de la facultad 1: Historia y Teoría Cinematográficas (CE9 y CE29), Introducción a la Tecnología de la Información y la Comunicación (CT3), Teoría de la Comunicación Audiovisual (CT16 y CE21), Guión (CE21), Montaje y Edición de Audio y Vídeo I y II (CG1), Producción Audiovisual (CT7 y CE32), Narrativa Audiovisual I y II (CE27), Ética y Deontología de la Comunicación Audiovisual (CE25). En el Trabajo de Fin de Grado también se han perseguido ciertos OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS que se han conseguido a través de la elección de la temática de estudio: • Mostrar la evolución que ha experimentado la filmografía de Christopher Nolan. Se destaca sobre todo en lo referente al guión y los efectos visuales concibiéndolo de esta manera como “un cine extravagante” . • Analizar el contexto cinematográfico en el que se enmarca el director. Se estudia al director a finales del siglo XX y principios del siglo XXI, una época en la que en poco tiempo se ha consagrado como uno de los directores más aclamados. • Analizar la biografía de Christopher Nolan. Partimos desde su formación y comienzos en el mundo del cine hasta llegar a sus trabajos actuales. 1 http://www.unex.es/conoce-la-uex/centros/alcazaba/informacion-academica/programas-asignaturas/curso-2014- 15/grado-en-comunicacion-audiovisual. 4 • Conocer las influencias que más le han inspirado en su carrera. Todo ello a través de una muestra de los diferentes directores y películas que le han llevado a enmarcarlo en su filmografía y le sirvió de gran fuente para sus trabajos. • Analizar, desde un punto de vista fílmico, las películas citadas anteriormente a través de diferentes campos: espacio, tiempo, planos, iluminación, sonido, montaje, efectos especiales, producción, guión, equipo técnico y artístico, promoción, distribución y exhibición y una pequeña valoración personal. 2.2. METODOLOGÍA En cuanto a la metodología, se ha recurrido a documentación de diversa índole, tales como libros de diferentes ámbitos, como de montaje, producción audiovisual o cine. Además, se ha recurrido a contenidos de webgrafía, revistas donde se hacen menciones y publicaciones sobre las películas analizadas y la biografía del director, así como la visualización de las películas de Christopher Nolan como de otros directores que guardan una cierta relación con los films analizados y la captura de imágenes del vídeo de la película a modo de “pantallazos” para ejemplificar los campos que tratemos en cada momento. Para el contexto cinematográfico se ha recurrido a libros que hablan de la historia del cine, además se ha podido recurrir a conocimientos e ideas propias del cine actual para completar dicho apartado, ya que tratándose de un director contemporáneo los conocimientos sobre el autor son mejorables que si se tratase de un director más clásico. Para estudiar
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