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Vorlesung: Spezielle Zoologie WS 2018/2019 Modul : Zoologische Systematik Und Artenkenntnis

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Vorlesung: Spezielle Zoologie WS 2018/2019 Modul : Zoologische Systematik Und Artenkenntnis Vorlesung: Spezielle Zoologie WS 2018/2019 Modul : Zoologische Systematik und Artenkenntnis Ctenophora Dr. Wolfgang Jakob ITZ, Ecology & Evolution Bünteweg 17d D-30559 Hannover Phone: +49 511-953 8481 Email: [email protected] Protostomier Bilateria Deuterostomier (Triploblasten, Campbell 1997 höhere Tiere) Ctenophora Rippenquallen Diploblasten Placozoa Stamm: Ctenophora (Rippenquallen) ca. 180 Arten Rote Tortuga Seestachelbeere (Pleurobrachia) (Ordn.: Cydippida) Stamm: Ctenophora (Rippenquallen) Äußere Systematik: Reich: Metazoa (Vielzelligen Tiere) Überabteilung: Diploblasten (Zweikeimblättrige) Abteilung: Eumetazoa (Gewebetiere) Stamm: Ctenophora (Rippenquallen) Stamm: Ctenophora (Rippenquallen) Innere Systematik: 1. Klasse: Tentaculata (Vielborster), ca. 150 Arten 1. Ordnung: Cydippida (ca. 60 Arten; z.B. Seestachelbeere) 2. Ordnung: Platyctenida (ca. 50 Arten) 3. Ordnung: Ganeshida (2 Arten) 4. Ordnung: Thalassocalycida (1 Art) 5. Ordnung: Lobata (ca. 30 Arten) 6. Ordnung: Cestida (2 Arten; z.B. Venusgürtel) 2. Klasse: Nuda (oder Atentaculata), ca. 30 Arten 1. Ordnung: Beroida (z.B. Melonenqualle) Stamm: Ctenophora (Rippenquallen) Cnidaria + Ctenophora Coelenterata (Hohltiere) Stamm: Ctenophora (Rippenquallen) Szenario 1 Bilateria “Coelenterata“ Eumetazoa Cnidaria Ctenophora Szenario 2 Cnidaria “Acrosomata“ Eumetazoa Bilateria Ctenophora Stamm: Ctenophora (Rippenquallen) > 180 Arten, rein marin - “Biradiale” Symmetrie Wimpernplättchen (Disymmetrie) - Keine Metagenese - Diffuses NS - Simultane Zitter (Hermaphroditen) - 8 Reihen Cilien “Rippenquallen” (Größten Tiere die Cilien (bis 50x zur Fortbewegung nutzen) Körperlänge) - 2 Tentakel ohne Entoderm (EktoD + Mesogloea + Kolloblasten) Fortbewegungsrichtung Tentillen - Kolloblasten (keine Nematocyten) Stamm: Ctenophora (Rippenquallen) Zellmembran Kolloblast oder Lassozelle (Klebezellen) Spiralfaden Ankerfibrille - Umgebildete Epidermiszellen - Kein Gift, Klebe-Sekret - Kolloblastenkopf mit Ankerfibrille verbunden - 25 μm - Nach Verbrauch werden Kolloblasten komplett ersetzt Stamm: Ctenophora (Rippenquallen) Ctenophoren-Formen Cestus Tentaculata - Cestida Klasse Ordnung Pleurobrachia Tentaculata - Cydippida Klasse Ordnung Beroë Ctenoplana Bolinopsis Atentaculata - Beroida Tentaculata - Platyctenida Klasse Ordnung Klasse Ordnung Tentaculata - Lobata Klasse Ordnung Stamm: Ctenophora (Rippenquallen), 1. Klasse Vielborster (Tentaculata) ca. 150 Arten Ordnung: Cestida (2 Arten) Ordnung: Cydippida (ca. 60 Arten) Seestachelbeere (Pleurobrachia pileus) - Kosmopolit, aber v.a. Nordsee Venusgürtel (Cestum veneris) - über 3cm Länge, 1-2cm Breite - Mittelmeer - oft massenhaftes Auftreten - über 1m Länge, 8cm Breite - Tentakel (bis 75 cm) mit Kleptocniden anstatt Kolloblasten - Größte Rippenqualle, Zwitter Stamm: Ctenophora (Rippenquallen) Ctenophoren-Formen Cestus Tentaculata - Cestida Klasse Ordnung Pleurobrachia Tentaculata - Cydippida Klasse Ordnung Beroë Ctenoplana Bolinopsis Nuda (Atentaculata) - Beroida Tentaculata - Platyctenida Klasse Ordnung Klasse Ordnung Tentaculata - Lobata Klasse Ordnung Stamm: Ctenophora (Rippenquallen), 1. Klasse Vielborster (Tentaculata) ca. 150 Arten Ordnung: Platyctenida (ca. 50 Arten) Ordnung: Lobata (ca. 30 Arten) Vallicula multiformis - Karibik und Südatlantik Bolinopsis infundibuliformis - Benthisch, oft auf Wirt (u.a. Korallen) aufsitzend - Weißes Meer - Oberseits Papillen in die sich das GVS zieht - bis zu 20 cm Länge - Brutpflege & einzige Ordn. mit veg. Vermehrung - Tiefsee Stamm: Ctenophora (Rippenquallen), 1. Klasse Vielborster (Tentaculata) ca. 150 Arten Ordnung: Lobata (ca. 30 Arten) Mnemiopsis leidyi , Meerwalnuss - Atlantikküste … Schwarzes Meer - Zwitter einzige Gattung mit selbstbefruchtung - bis zu 11 cm Länge - Biolumineszenz Stamm: Ctenophora (Rippenquallen) Ctenophoren-Formen Cestus Tentaculata - Cestida Klasse Ordnung Pleurobrachia Tentaculata - Cydippida Klasse Ordnung Beroë Ctenoplana Bolinopsis Atentaculata - Beroida Tentaculata - Platyctenida Klasse Ordnung Klasse Ordnung Tentaculata - Lobata Klasse Ordnung Stamm: Ctenophora (Rippenquallen), 2. Klasse Nuda (oder Atentaculata) Ordnung: Beroida ca. 30 Arten Ordnung: Beroida Beroe abyssicola Beroe forskalii - Nordpazifik - Weltweite Verbreitung - bis zu 7 cm - Ernährt sich von anderen Rippenquallen - Tiefsee 1000 -1800m - Simultane Zwitter Thank you! .
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