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Transnational Resistance Strategies and Subnational Concessions in Namibia's Police Zone, 1919-1962
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2021 “Remov[e] Us From the Bondage of South Africa:” Transnational Resistance Strategies and Subnational Concessions in Namibia's Police Zone, 1919-1962 Michael R. Hogan West Virginia University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Part of the African History Commons Recommended Citation Hogan, Michael R., "“Remov[e] Us From the Bondage of South Africa:” Transnational Resistance Strategies and Subnational Concessions in Namibia's Police Zone, 1919-1962" (2021). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 8264. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/8264 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “Remov[e] Us From the Bondage of South Africa:” Transnational Resistance Strategies and Subnational Concessions in Namibia's Police Zone, 1919-1962 Michael Robert Hogan Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In History Robert M. -
Windhoek, Namibia Casenote
Transforming Urban Transport – The Role of Political Leadership TUT-POL Sub-Saharan Africa Final Report October 2019 Case Note: Windhoek, Namibia Lead Author: Henna Mahmood Harvard University Graduate School of Design 1 Acknowledgments This research was conducted with the support of the Volvo Foundation for Research and Education. Principal Investigator: Diane Davis Senior Research Associate: Lily Song Research Coordinator: Devanne Brookins Research Assistants: Asad Jan, Stefano Trevisan, Henna Mahmood, Sarah Zou 2 WINDHOEK, NAMIBIA NAMIBIA Population: 2,533,224 (as of July 2018) Population Growth Rate: 1.91% (2018) Median Age: 21.4 GDP: USD$29.6 billion (2017 est.) GDP Per Capita: USD$11,200 (2017 est.) City of Intervention: Windhoek Urban Population: 50% of total population (2018) Urbanization Rate: 4.2% annual rate of change (2015- 2020 est.) Land Area: 910,768 sq km Total Roadways: 48,327 km (2014) Source: CIA Factbook I. POLITICS & GOVERNANCE A. Multi-Scalar Governance Following a 25-year war, Namibia gained independence from South Africa in 1990 under the rule of the South West Africa People’s Organization (SWAPO). Since then, SWAPO has held the presidency, prime minister’s office, the national assembly, and most local and regional councils by a large majority. While opposition parties are active (there are over ten groups), they remain weak and fragmented, with most significant political differences negotiated within SWAPO. The constitution and other legislation dating to the early 1990s emphasize the role of regional and local councils – and since 1998, the government has been engaged in efforts to support decentralization of power.1 However, all levels are connected by SWAPO (through common membership), so power remains effectively centralized. -
United States of America–Namibia Relations William a Lindeke*
From confrontation to pragmatic cooperation: United States of America–Namibia relations William A Lindeke* Introduction The United States of America (USA) and the territory and people of present-day Namibia have been in contact for centuries, but not always in a balanced or cooperative fashion. Early contact involved American1 businesses exploiting the natural resources off the Namibian coast, while the 20th Century was dominated by the global interplay of colonial and mandatory business activities and Cold War politics on the one hand, and resistance diplomacy on the other. America was seen by Namibian leaders as the reviled imperialist superpower somehow pulling strings from behind the scenes. Only after Namibia’s independence from South Africa in 1990 did the relationship change to a more balanced one emphasising development, democracy, and sovereign equality. This chapter focuses primarily on the US’s contributions to the relationship. Early history of relations The US has interacted with the territory and population of Namibia for centuries – indeed, since the time of the American Revolution.2 Even before the beginning of the German colonial occupation of German South West Africa, American whaling ships were sailing the waters off Walvis Bay and trading with people at the coast. Later, major US companies were active investors in the fishing (Del Monte and Starkist in pilchards at Walvis Bay) and mining industries (e.g. AMAX and Newmont Mining at Tsumeb Copper, the largest copper mine in Africa at the time). The US was a minor trading and investment partner during German colonial times,3 accounting for perhaps 7% of exports. -
Washington, D.C
SUPERIOR COURT OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIVIL DIVISION THE HERERO PEOPLE’S REPARATIONS CORPORATION, : a District of Columbia Corporation : 1625 K Street, NW, #102 : Washington, D.C. 20006 : : THE HEREROS, : a Tribe and Ethnic and Racial Group, : by and through its Paramount Chief : By Paramount Chief Riruako : Paramount Chief K. Riruako : P.O. Box 60991 Katutura : Windhoek, Republic of Namibia 9000 : Mburumba Getzen Kerina : P.O. Box 24861 : Windhoek, Republic of Namibia 9000 : Kurundiro Kapuuo : Case No. 01-0004447 Box 24861 : Windhoek, Republic of Namibia 9000 : Judge Jackson Calendar 2 Cornelia Tjaveondja : Next Scheduled Event: P.O. Box 24861 : Initial Scheduling Conference Windhoek, Republic of Namibia 9000 : September 18, 2001 at 9:30 a.m. Moses Nguarambuka : P.O. Box 24861 : Windhoek, Republic of Namibia 9000 : Hilde Kazakoka Kamberipa : SQ66 Genesis Street : P.O. Box 61831 : Windhoek, Republic of Namibia 9000 : Festus Korukuve : P.O. Box 50 : Opuuo (Otuzemba), Namibia : Uezuvanjo Tjihavgc : Box 27 : Opuuo, Namibia : Ujeuetu Tjihange : Box 27 : Opuuo, Namibia : Moses Katuuo : P.O. Box 930 : Gobabis, Namibia 9000 : Levy K. O. Nganjone : P.O. Box 309 : Gobabis, Namibia : Festus Ndjai : Opuuo, Namibia : Hoomajo Jjingee : Opuuo, Namibia : Uelembuia Tjinawba : Okandombo : Okunene Region, Namibia : Jararaihe Tjingee : Opuuo, Namibia : Hangekaoua Mbinge : Opuuo, Namibia : Ehrens Jeja : Box 210 : Omaruru : Omatjete, Namibia : Nathanael Uakumbua : Box 211 : Omaruru, Namibia : Rudolph Kauzuu : Box 210 : Omatjete : Omaruru, Namibia : 2 Jaendekua Kapika : Opuuo, Namibia : Ben Mbeuserua : P.O. Box 224 : Okakarara, Namibia 9000 : Felix Kokati : Box 47 : Okakarara, Namibia 9000 : Samuel Upendura : Oyinene : Omaheke Region, Namibia : Majoor Festus Kamburona : P.O. 1131 : Windhoek, Republic of Namibia 9000 : Uetavera Tjirambi : Okonmgo : Okanene Region, Namibia : Julius Katjingisiua : P.O. -
Revisiting the Windhoek Old Location
Revisiting the Windhoek Old Location Henning Melber1 Abstract The Windhoek Old Location refers to what had been the South West African capital’s Main Lo- cation for the majority of black and so-called Colored people from the early 20th century until 1960. Their forced removal to the newly established township Katutura, initiated during the late 1950s, provoked resistance, popular demonstrations and escalated into violent clashes between the residents and the police. These resulted in the killing and wounding of many people on 10 December 1959. The Old Location since became a synonym for African unity in the face of the divisions imposed by apartheid. Based on hitherto unpublished archival documents, this article contributes to a not yet exist- ing social history of the Old Location during the 1950s. It reconstructs aspects of the daily life among the residents in at that time the biggest urban settlement among the colonized majority in South West Africa. It revisits and portraits a community, which among former residents evokes positive memories compared with the imposed new life in Katutura and thereby also contributed to a post-colonial heroic narrative, which integrates the resistance in the Old Location into the patriotic history of the anti-colonial liberation movement in government since Independence. O Lord, help us who roam about. Help us who have been placed in Africa and have no dwelling place of our own. Give us back a dwelling place.2 The Old Location was the Main Location for most of the so-called non-white residents of Wind- hoek from the early 20th century until 1960, while a much smaller location also existed until 1961 in Klein Windhoek. -
Ufahamu: a Journal of African Studies
UCLA Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies Title Directory: African Liberation Movements and Support Groups Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/85p33873 Journal Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies, 3(2) ISSN 0041-5715 Author Berman, Sanford Publication Date 1972 DOI 10.5070/F732016403 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California -171- DII{CfORY: AFRICAN LIBERATIOO r1MltNTS AND SIFffiRT ---GIUPS*· by Sanford Berman (Ed. Note: Both this Directory and the Spring 1972 Bib Ziogrc:q;hy, "African Liberation Movements 11 (Vo Z. III, No. 1) will be regularly updated by the compiler in future issues. Additions and corrections should be directed to the Compiler, c/o UFAHAMU.) AFRICAN LIBERATIOO fiMI'fNTS Frente Nacional de Libertacao de Angola (FNLA/Angolan National -Liberation Front)§ ·- Founded in 1962 by merger of Uniao dos Populacoes de Angola (UPA) and Partido Democratico Angolano (PDA). Established Governo Revolucionario de Angola no Exilio (GRAE/Angolan Revolutionary Government in Exile) 1962. Leader and GRAE Premier: Holden Roberto. Zaire Republic: Ministere de l'Information, Planet Economie, G.R.A.E., B.P. 1320, Kinshasa. Organ: Actualites (no. 3 dated March 1971). §[Recognized by the O.A.U.] *Dates in parentheses f ollowing periodical titles repre sent first year of pubZication. The abbreviation "AIP" indicates that a full list of material may be found in the 2nd ed. of Alternatives in Print (Columbus, Ohio: Office of Educational Services, Ohio State University Libraries, 1972). -172- Movimento _PopuZar de Libertaaao de AngoZa (MPLA/PeopZe's Movement for the Liberation of AngoZa/Mouvement PopuZaire pour Za Liberation de Z'AngoZa)§ - Founded 10 Dec. -
Namibia After 26 Years
On the other side of the picture are elements in the police and to devote their energies instead to making the force who are not neutral, or are trigger-happy, or are country ungovernable. Such lessons are more easily both. They may well be covert rightwingers trying to learnt than forgotten. Ungovernability down there, where sabotage reform. Other rightwingers seem set on making the necklace lies in wait for non-conformists, and the the mining town of Welkom a no-go area for Blacks. They incentive to learn has been largely lost, presents the ANC may not stop there. with a major problem. For Mr De Klerk it certainly makes his task of persuading Whites to accept a future in a non- More disturbing than any of this has been the resurrection racial democracy a thousand times more difficult. of the dreaded "necklace", surely one of the most despicable and dehumanising methods over conceived So what has to be done if what is threatening to become a for dealing with people you think might not be on your lost generation is to be saved, and if something like the side. The leaders of the liberation movement who failed, Namibian miracle is to be made to happen here? for whatever reason, to put a stop to this ghastly practice when it first reared its head amongst their supporters all People need to be given something they feel is important those years ago, may well live to rue that day. Only and constructive to do. What better than building a new Desmond Tutu and a few other brave individuals ever society? risked their own lives to stop it. -
Botswana's Role in the Namibian
Journal of Namibian Studies, 14 (2013): 127 – 130 ISSN 2197-5523 (online) Review: Johann Alexander Müller, “The struggle. It is unfortunate, however, that Inevitable Pipeline into Exile.” Botswana’s he did not draw upon Parsons’ pioneer- Role in the Namibian Liberation Struggle, ing article for a broader, regional Basel, Basler Afrika Bibliographien, picture of the inflow of political refugees 2012. into Botswana and what happened to them there. And Müller’s early chapters perhaps set the scene too broadly, When introducing a set of papers on introducing too much general context. Botswana and the liberation of Southern The first chapter includes a section on Africa some years ago, this reviewer theory that many readers will probably pointed out that, though valuable, they skip over. said little about how Botswana provided political, diplomatic, material and moral While Botswana was the major east/west support to the liberation movements in ‘pipeline’ into exile for Namibians from South Africa-occupied Namibia. In one the late 1950s to the mid 1970s, of the papers Neil Parsons wrote about Müller’s book, as his subtitle suggests, the south/north ‘pipeline’ – the term is goes beyond the way in which found in official documents of the early Namibians travelled through the country 1960s – through Botswana, used most to go elsewhere. The first work to dis- famously by Nelson Mandela, under the cuss in depth the liberation struggle in Setswana alias of David Motsamayi, in Namibia in relation to Botswana, his 1962. While Parsons mentioned that -
S/87%' 6 August 1968 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
UNITED NATIO Distr . GENERA1 S/87%' 6 August 1968 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH LETTER DATED 5 AUGTJST 1968 FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED NATIONS COUNCIL FOR NAMIBIA ADDRESSED TO 'THE PRESIDENT OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL I have the honour to bring to your attention a message received by the Secretary-General from Mr, Clemens Kapuuo of Windhoek, Namibia, on 24 July lsi'48, stating that non-white Namibians were being forcibly removed from their homes in Windhoek to the new segregated area of Katutura, and requesting the Secretary- General to convene a meeting of the Security Council to consider the matter. According to the message, the deadline for their removal is 31 August 1968, after which date they would not be allowed to continue to live in their present areas of residence. On the same date the Secretary-General transmitted the message in a letter to the United Nations Council for Namibia as he felt that the Council might wish to give the matter urgent attention. A copy of the letter is attached herewith (annex I). The Council considered the matter at its 34th and 35th meetings, held on 25 July 1968 and 5 August 1968 respectively. According to information available to the Council (annex II), the question of the removal of non-whites from their homes in Windhoek to the segregated area 0-P IChtutura first arose in 1959 and was the subject of General Assembly resolution 1567 (XV) of 18 December 1960. At the aforementioned meetings, the Council concluded that the recent actions of the South African Government constitute further evidence of South Africa's continuing defiance of the authority of the United Nations and a further violation of General Assembly resolutions 2145 (XXI), 2248 (S-V), 2325 (XXII) and 2372 (XXII). -
Hans Beukes, Long Road to Liberation. an Exiled Namibian
Journal of Namibian Studies, 23 (2018): 101 – 123 ISSN: 2197-5523 (online) Thinking and writing liberation politics – a review article of: Hans Beukes, Long Road to Liberation . An Exiled Namibian Activist’s Perspective André du Pisani* Abstract Thinking and Writing Liberation Politics is a review article of: Hans Beukes, Long Road to Liberation. An Exiled Namibian Activist’s Perspective; with an introduction by Professor Mburumba Kerina, Johannesburg, Porcupine Press, 2014. 376 pages, appendices, photographs, index of names. ISBN: 978-1-920609-71-9. The article argues that Long Road to Liberation , being a rich, diverse, uneven memoir of an exiled Namibian activist, offers a sobering and critical account of the limits of liberation politics, of the legacies of a protracted struggle to bring Namibia to independence and of the imprint the struggle left on the political terrain of the independent state. But, it remains the perspective of an individual activist, who on account of his personal experiences and long absence from the country of his birth, at times, paints a fairly superficial picture of many internal events in the country. The protracted diplomatic-, political- and liberation struggle that culminated in the independence of Namibia in March 1990, has attracted a crop of publications written from different perspectives. This has produced many competing narratives. It would be fair to say that many of the books published over the last decade or so, differ in their range, quality and usefulness to researchers and the reading public at large. This observation also holds for memoirs, a genre of writing that is most demanding, for it requires brutal honesty, the ability to truthfully recall and engage with events that can traverse several decades. -
Sustainable Urban Transport Master Plan City of Windhoek
Sustainable Urban Transport Master Plan City of Windhoek Final - Main Report 1 Master Plan of City of Windhoek including Rehoboth, Okahandja and Hosea Kutako International Airport The responsibility of the project and its implementation lies with the Ministry of Works and Transport and the City of Windhoek Project Team: 1. Ministry of Works and Transport Cedric Limbo Consultancy services provided by Angeline Simana- Paulo Damien Mabengo Chris Fikunawa 2. City of Windhoek Ludwig Narib George Mujiwa Mayumbelo Clarence Rupingena Browny Mutrifa Horst Lisse Adam Eiseb 3. Polytechnic of Namibia 4. GIZ in consortium with Prof. Dr. Heinrich Semar Frederik Strompen Gregor Schmorl Immanuel Shipanga 5. Consulting Team Dipl.-Volksw. Angelika Zwicky Dr. Kenneth Odero Dr. Niklas Sieber James Scheepers Jaco de Vries Adri van de Wetering Dr. Carsten Schürmann, Prof. Dr. Werner Rothengatter Roloef Wittink Dipl.-Ing. Olaf Scholtz-Knobloch Dr. Carsten Simonis Editors: Fatima Heidersbach, Frederik Strompen Contact: Cedric Limbo Ministry of Works and Transport Head Office Building 6719 Bell St Snyman Circle Windhoek Clarence Rupingena City of Windhoek Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH P.O Box 8016 Windhoek,Namibia, www.sutp.org Cover photo: F Strompen, Young Designers Advertising Layout: Frederik Strompen Windhoek, 15/05/2013 2 Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 15 1.1. Purpose ........................................................................................................................................ -
A Special Issue with Psalms, Prayers and Hymns Chief Hosea Kutako 'S
A Special Issue with Psalms, Prayers and Hymns This issue of Dateline:Namibia has been prepared to assist congregations and others to include the suffering people of Namibia in prayer and worship. The Namibian people have endured more than 100 years of foreign domination. Since 1915 they have suffered under the racist policies of the South African government. The Christian church is a strong force in Namibia with more than 70 percent of the 1.2 miUion people identifying with the Anglican. African Methodist. Lutheran and Roman Catholic churches. The churches in Namibia ask for our continued prayers and material and political support that they may one day be free from the domination of the South African government. An African Magnificat Chief Hosea Kutako 's Sing out. my tongue. God ·s greatness sing. Prayer None great a'i he, his deeds confess. Hope of the poor. the martyr's king. You are the great God of the earth and His name is Truth and Righteousness. the heavens. We are so insignificant. God loves the poor and helpless ones. In us there are many defects. The grasping rich he sends away. But the power is yours, to make and to Workers for peace he calls his sons do what we cannot do. And daughters, to this very day. You know all about us. The mourners' mouths with laughter For coming down to earth you were swell. despised and mocked and brutaUy The burdens with the poor he'll share. treated, because of those same defects God, rescue prisoners from the hell in the men of those days.