Spinoza’s Philosophy & Nihilism God, Truth, and Freedom in an Uncaring Universe M.G. (Gaby) de Jong MA Thesis Philosophy – University Utrecht Student Number: 3697975 Program: Academic Master Philosophy Thesis Advisor: dr. Albert Gootjes Second Reader dr. Johan de Jong Date of Submission: 24/05/2017 Total Word Count: 21034 (main text: 18333) Contact:
[email protected] 1 “Spinoza has been claimed as the ancestor, founder, or originator of many things, both good and evil, among them the ruin of all religions, biblical criticism, liberalism, Jewish secularism, Zionism, the enlightenment, secularization, neurobiology, evolutionary theory, toleration, libertarianism, and modernity as such. Taken together these claims are too good to be true, and yet one can usually see why people have interpreted Spinoza’s heritage along these lines.” Piet Steenbakkers, Spinoza Research: To Be Continued (2016). Pg. 19. While writing my thesis I could not help but recall these words spoken by professor Steenbakkers in his farewell address, almost anticipating a project such as my own. The first Spinoza lecture I received was in 2009 (or 2010) and given by professor Steenbakkers when I was yet to become a student of philosophy. It seems only fitting that his words are at the beginning of the end of my philosophical path that as a circle begins and ends with Spinoza. 2 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................. 4 I. Interpreting Scripture and Defending Freedom ....................................