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Place Attachment, Place Identity and Tourism in Jimbaran and Kuta

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Place Attachment, Place Identity and Tourism in Jimbaran and Kuta Place Attachment, Place Identity and Tourism in Jimbaran and Kuta, Bali Luh Micke Anggraini Thesis submitted to fulfil the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Institute for Culture and Society University of Western Sydney July 2015 This thesis is dedicated to Bali and the Balinese people, and to the geographically bounded communities whose places have been exposed to tourism ii Acknowledgements Praise Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa the Creator, the Universe, and the Sacred Spirits. Many people have made this study possible. One person who has been pivotal is my husband Gde Prasetiawan, for enriching my life in many ways, providing the opportunity for me to advance my knowledge by giving his kind agreement to undertake further education overseas (noting that this chance rarely happens to a married woman within a Balinese family). The journey that has brought me to this point began in 2006 when I studied my Masters in Tourism Planning at the University of Western Sydney lectured by Associate Professor Robyn Bushell, who is now also my Principal PhD Supervisor. Since then I developed much interest in the field of tourism planning, as this subject is also an important issue in tourism development in Bali and Indonesia. Robyn encouraged and supported me in the Australian Development Scholarship (Australia Awards Scholarship) application to undertake the PhD program in 2010, and eventually this scholarship brought me back to Australia. Her role in directing me to the research topic on values-based approach to tourism planning is significant, and I would say that this thesis was very much inspired by her scholarly works. During the development of my thesis, I owe a debt of gratitude to my co-supervisor Dr Russell Staiff. With his profound knowledge about tourism in Bali, Russell vigorously had reviewed my progress in improving the analytical skill and conducting ethnographical works, while he made me align with the scholarly writing rules. I was fortunate to have them as my supervisors. My sincere gratitude is expressed to the Australian Government for sponsoring my study through the Australia Awards Scholarship (formerly the Australian Development Scholarship) from 2010 until 2014. Besides, I would appreciate the generous assistance from the University of Western Sydney (UWS) International since the early stage of my programs in Australia. I also would like to thank the Institute for Culture and Society at UWS, the Director Professor Ien Ang and the Higher Degree Research (HDR) Director Professor Gregory Noble, with their fantastic bunch of researchers, postgraduates and staffs who continually provided me with support, advice, collegial atmosphere that led me to this stage. It was a great honor for me to work with and become part of this excellent research institute. I would like to extend my special recognition to the academics and experts in my fields of study for their support and feedback for this thesis: Dr Awais Piracha, Dr Julie Wen, Dr Garth Lane, Dr Polladach Theerapappisit, Associate Professor Tim Winter, Dr Emma Waterton, Dr Denis Byrne, Professor Donald McNeill, Professor Helen Armstrong, Professor David Silverman, Professor I Gde Pitana Brahmananda, Professor I Nyoman Darma Putra, iii Professor Michael Hitchcock , Dr I Nyoman Madiun, Dr Anak Agung Suryawan Wiranatha, Ir Anak Agung Raka Dalem MSc, Professor Adrian Vickers, Made Wijaya, Dr Wendy Sarkissian, Dr Marie Fellbaum Korpi, and the anonymous proofreader from Elite Editing. Without the good cooperation and support of local communities in Desa Adat Jimbaran and in Desa Adat Kuta as the members of Kuta Facebook Community who voluntarily participated in this research with their opinions, this study would not have emerged in the way that it has. I would therefore like to thank everyone who involved in my study for his or her time, openness, friendship and generosity. My highest appreciation is addressed to the Ministry of Tourism The Republic of Indonesia and the Bali Tourism Institute (Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Nusa Dua Bali), that provide me ‘spaces’ to dedicate my knowledge and skills to our nation place since 1999, and continuously support me to advance my study and career. Also, my greatest thankfulness to my wonderful children who always wait for me at home, for their kind understanding, patience, joy, and smile that allow me moving forward. And finally, my highest honor is presented to my parents as well as my parents in law whose endless pray and care have taken me to this achievement. iv Summary of items, date of provision and cost Item Date Cost ASAA Conference Registration Fee 25 March 2012 AU$ 250 Desember SOP Dosen Tamu 2016 5 Sebagai Moderator dalam Surat Perintah 1 17 Oktober Tugas selesai 100 0 Seminar Nasional Ketua STPNB 2015 dilaksanakan, % Kepariwisataan di Ubud, namun tidak penyelenggara Dirjen diberikan surat keterangan atau Pengembangan Destinasi sertifikat dari Kemenparekraf pihak panitia Funds already received this calendar year 6 Sebagai moderator dalam SK Ketua 1 April 2015 Sertifikat sebagai 50 0,5 program Aplikasi STPNB moderator tidak % Manajemen mahasiswa D diberikan oleh IV ADH A semester 8 untuk panitia Date Total Amount Received Manajemen hotel Besakih Beach, di Besakih Beach $ Hotel, Sanur 7 Sebagai moderator dalam SK Ketua 1 April 2015 Sertifikat 100 1 STPNB program Aplikasi sebagai % $ Manajemen mahasiswa D moderator IV ADH A semester 8 untuk manajemen hotel The Flora $ Kuta Bali, di Hotel Mercure Nusa Dua Jumlah Beban Kerja 6,0 Jumlah Kinerja 3,5 Attachments: Declaration of Originality Original receipts and/or invoices. I certify that this thesis does not incorporaPERNYATAANte without acknowledgement DOSEN any Saya dosen yang membuat laporan kinerja ini menyatakan bahwa material previously submitted for a degree or diploma in any university; and that to Payment Requisition Form available on the Web from semua aktivitas dan bukti pendukungnya adalah benar aktivitas http://www.uws.edu.au/staff/adminorg/academic/fo/finformsthe best of mysaya knowledge dan andsaya belief itsanggup does not containmenerima any material sanksi previously apapun termasuk penghentian tunjangan dan mengembalikan yang sudah diterima published or writtenapabila by pernyataananother person exceptini dikemudian where due refe harirence terbukti is made in tidak the benar. eTAN form. Candidates should note that they need to have an eTAN form completed if travel is to be undertaken. Travel may text. /Centre Administrative staff for details) or candidates may use travelNusa agents Dua, 30 outsideJuni 2015 the university. An eTAN form should be completed in either case. Dosen Yang Membuat ! AU $ 250 Total amount requested CandidatesSigned: Signature On: 24/07/2015 Luh Micke Anggraini , A.Par, M.TP, CHA NIP. 19730515 199903 2 001 Principal Supervisors Signature Authorising Signature (School or Centre Research Co-ord) Date 30/04/12 Date Please forward the completed form to the designated School or Research Centre signatory. A list of signatories may be found at: http://www.uws.edu.au/about/adminorg/devint/ors/degrees/current/collegedirectors v Contents Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... iii! Declaration of Originality ............................................................................................ v! Contents… ................................................................................................................... vi! List of Tables ............................................................................................................... ix! List of Figures .............................................................................................................. x! Abbreviations ............................................................................................................ xvi! Abstract xviii! Chapter 1: Introduction .............................................................................................. 1! 1.1 Context ............................................................................................................... 1! 1.2 Review of Tourism Impacts in Bali ................................................................... 3! 1.3 Changes to the Cultural Landscape of Bali ........................................................ 7! 1.4 The Significance of Place Attachment and Place Identity for Bali .................. 11! 1.5 Thesis Aim and Research Questions ................................................................ 13! 1.6 Study Areas ...................................................................................................... 14! 1.7 Thesis Outline .................................................................................................. 17! Chapter 2: The Balinese Sense of Place ................................................................... 20! 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 20! 2.2 The Meanings of Place ..................................................................................... 20! 2.3 Conceptualising ‘Sense of Place’ ..................................................................... 25! 2.4 The Framework of Sense of Place ................................................................... 29! 2.5 Place Attachment ............................................................................................. 31! 2.6 Place Attachment and Community ..................................................................
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