Minkebephase THREE DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL PARK
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minkebePHASE THREE DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL PARK VAST PRIMEVAL FOREST Deep in the interior of Gabon, Minkebe is at the heart of Africa’s rainforest primeval - part of the second largest forest block remaining in the world - and home to a remarkable elephant population. Dramatically domed granite mountains (called inselbergs) emerged millions of years ago. Great forest trees, many hundreds of years old, soar upward 50 meters, some crowned with wild orchid and fern gardens, or supporting huge twining lianas. It feels like an ancient place untouched by people. Remote parks like Minkebe and Mwagna are ideal for adventure tourism (hence some proposals for the two parks are interchangeable). Wilderness tourism has great mystique. Minkebe, one of the planet’s last untamed frontiers, offers unique opportunities for tourism that will benefit and protect the area if done properly. While human population is low here, local people will benefit from jobs stimulated by tourism. One of Africa’s largest rainforest wildernesses, Minkebe is a significant area for oxygen production and carbon sequestration - forests like this are critical for diminishing the negative effects of global warming. The area’s biodiversity is equally important as home to an estimated 30,000 Forest Elephants. Many charismatic species inhabit this forest, although some are KEY FACTS rarely seen, such as the magnificent Bongo Antelope, Giant Forest Hog, MINKEBE and Black and White Colobus. While funds from wilderness tourism will MINKEBE NATIONAL PARK benefit Minkebe National Park and neighboring peoples, the costs of maintaining and protecting the Park and buffer zone will need DATE CREATED: 2002 AREA: 7560 Km2 supplementation. Funds from the global community are needed, HIGHEST MOUNTAIN: Mt. Kokaméguèl, to maintain an asset valuable to the entire planet. 938m HABITATS: Primary Forest and Secondary Forest PROVINCE: Woleu-Ntem and Ogooué Ivindo STATUS: IUCN Critical Site for conservation, LEFT: Minkebe is believed to host Gabon’s largest leopard population (estimated at 822 individuals poposed World Heritage Site by Dr. Phillipp Henschel in 2007) FAR LEFT: Today the land remains barely touched by man. MINKEBE NATIONAL PARK 220 OYEM The Oyem area offers another access point Groups of traditional cultures, Hunting Pressure to park visitors. The Minvoul area offers the including Baka pygmies, still live possibility of trips with the Baka pygmies and in the northern Minkebe area. river trips up to the sources of the Ntem River, in the heart of Minkebe. INSELBERGS River Families of the monstrous ung Mvo and impressive Giant Forest Hog are hard to find and have INSELBERGS rarely been photographed by A geologist would say the domed researchers or tourists. rock mountains are granite inselbergs, left behind as nearby Minkebe has high numbers softer rock eroded millions of years of Forest Elephants, but ago. The tourist would say they also considerable pressure offer panoramic vistas over the sea a from poaching along the im northern and eastern of mysterious forest around them. n a park boundaries. M Mysterious crater - did a meteorite crash down here A few hundred gold miners millions of years ago? er can be found scattered in iv R small camps. a u O The rainforest canopy is The Bongo, Africa’s most impressive largely unbroken for hundreds antelope, is among the more elusive of kilometers, thus providing inhabitants of Minkebe, found in an exceptional feeling of small numbers here. wilderness primeval. r ive R WWF-funded anti-poaching guard a n patrols regularly inspect the u o periphery of the Park and in particular N the rivers and logging roads that provide a certain access to Minkebe’s core. Patrols try to protect elephants and River travel is the normal way to other large mammals from poachers. access the Park as there are no roads leading to it and no landing strips. 221 MINKEBE NATIONAL PARK minkEBE DEEP IN WILD RAINFOREST national park The forest primeval of the Minkebe area is part of the largest wilderness area left in Equatorial Africa, offering potential as a model for a sustainability program integrating ecotourism and global climate change mitigation. Its rich diversity of mega-mammals has long been known; for this reason Minkebe was selected as a global priority by WWF (their Minkebe program began in 1997). The Park’s Forest Elephant population Low densities of gorillas and chimps remain after the Ebola virus is particularly high, while gorilla and chimp populations are low due to swept through the area and moved disease that swept through in the 1990s. on to Congo. The entire Minkebe-Mwagna-Ivindo area has value for adventure wilderness tourism. Part of the upscale nature tourism market wants the thrill of going deep into the heart of Africa’s mysterious rainforest, with the possibility of discovering elusive forest creatures such as leopards, giant pangolins, and forest antelopes in a natural, undisturbed world. Landing on and exploring a remote Minkebe inselberg is an adventure akin to a lunar landing. Going to the proposed Deep Forest Nightlodge and wandering safely in the canopy to see nocturnal species would be unique to Minkebe. The possibility of exploring wild rivers and meeting ancient N Forest People futher enhances the value of Minkebe for tourism. The Minkebe rainforest is wild and (Groups of Baka Pygmies are in areas east and west of the Park.) largely uninhabited, offering great opportunity for nature tourism. Nearby Odzala NP in the Republic of Congo also represents part of the Congo Basin Forest Partnership, supported by joint major initiatives of the European Union, France, USAID and USFWS, the UN Foundation/Unesco, and private donors. MINKEBE While certain primate species have good-sized populations, chimpanzees and gorillas have had problems with disease. MINKEBE NATIONAL PARK 222 Exploring Forest Frontiers The Minkebe area is one of the wildest and least understood places in Africa’s forests. Life in Minkebe’s canopy treetops and on isolated rock inselbergs lie virtually unstudied. Flora and fauna of the Ogooué basin and Congo basin cross over here, creating a diverse array of species. RIGHT: Some trees are hundreds of years old, providing oxygen and homes for thousands of smaller plants, birds, mammals, butterflies, and other invertebrates. Ancient rock outcrops covered with grass dramatically punctuate the forest. “The seemingly endless rainforest canopy at Minkebe is a survivor of a once much larger African rainforest, thus all the more important to protect for its role in slowing global warming.” RENÉ HILAIRE ADIAHENO PARCS GABON ABOVE: Euphorbia and other specialist plants growing on rocks don’t need to compete with forest trees for light but need unique adaptations to survive this harsh exposed environment. The area’s vast forest is large enough to be positively affect global climate change. rare forest animals MYSTICAL DEEP FOREST SPECIES Minkebe is a place for tourists to find hidden treasures in the deep forest, as many vertebrate populations exist in this undisturbed environment. Here visitors might see elephants, giant pangolins, aardvark, leopards, buffaloes, pythons, five species of duiker, sitatunga, crowned eagles, slender-snouted crocodiles, otters, and a variety of monkeys. Present though rarely seen, elusive Bongo Antelopes roam the Minkebe forest, along with the world’s “most beautiful” and “ugliest” pigs. The beauty, the Red River Hog, is crisply marked russet, black, and white, with long elegant ear tassels that possibly serve as visual tools to help keep large family groups (sometimes several dozen animals) together in thick forest. People find the huge facial lumps of the all-black Giant Forest Hog as unattractive as curious. These two species are high on the list of animals to see for wildlife aficionados. The advent of tech tourism will enable tourists to see more animals. Surveys on Forest Elephant populations throughout the Minkebe forest area (including Cameroon and Congo) indicate that high numbers of elephants are found in the Park, with the highest density furthest from human settlements and roads. Among all MIKE (Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants) sites studied, data indicate that Minkebe has the highest elephant population in the protected areas network of Central Africa. However, elephant poaching is heavy, particularly in the northern area. “This area has the largest Forest Elephant population in the Congo Basin.” PAUWEL DE WACHTER MINKEBE PRINCIPAL TECHNICAL ADVISOR, WWF MINKEBE LEFT TO RIGHT, FROM TOP: Minkebe’s forest hosts two wild pig species – Red River Hogs and Giant Forest Hogs, although the two are rarely seen. Beautifully-striped Bongo antelopes, Africa’s most elusive antelopes, are rarely seen except with camera traps (as photographed here). They come to mineral-rich bais at night and sometimes appear in the inselberg grass meadows. Minkebe has a high population of Forest Elephants, which are easier to see. Two species of seed- and flower-eating monkeys are found high in the canopy. The first, the spectacular De Brazza Monkey, is widespread across East and Central Africa. The other is the Satanic or Black Colobus, a strange and little-known monkey with pointed ears - rarely seen, with a range mainly restricted to coastal forests. MINKEBE NATIONAL PARK 224 Trust Funds for Nature Ngoto Dja Boumba-Bek As global reservoirs of carbon, biodiversity, and wilderness values, the Dzanga- Mengame Sangha great National Parks of Gabon’s interior (Minkebe, Mwagna, Lopé, and Nki Ivindo), and the wild forest between them planned for logging, need consideration by the global donor community for long-term support. “The great rainforest of the Congo Minkebe These parks will be important for ecotourism in Gabon but tourism alone may not generate sufficient funds to carry the cost of park operation and Basin is the lungs of Europe ” Odzala local jobs. Among other possible funding plans, an independant Trust Fund for Parks needs consideration - as does a fund for carbon sequestration.