DOCSLIB.ORG

Abstracts (902 P1.Pdf)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Abstracts (902 P1.Pdf) Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Volume 10, Supplement 3, 2004 87 Community-acquired infections: focus on unusual epidemics and update on S. pneumonia P430 Community-acquired pneumonia caused by ‘atypical’ Methods: Our institution covers a mainly rural area of approxi- pathogens: clinical discrimination with a predictive model and mately 160 000 adult population in the northwestern area of Spain. We retrospectively reviewed all invasive S. pneumoniae scoring system (blood, CSF) isolates recovered at our laboratory between 1998 M. Masia´, F. Gutie´rrez, J.C. Rodrı´guez, S. Padilla, G. Royo, and 2003, 3 years before and after the programme started, named J.M. Ramos, A. Ayelo, A. Martı´n-Hidalgo periods A and B respectively. Identification and susceptibility test- Elche, Alicante, E ing were performed following standard recommendations. Pneu- mococci were classified as susceptible, intermediate and resistant Objective: To develop a bedside predictive model and a scoring (S, I, R) according to 2001 definitions of NCCLS. Serotyping was system to identify patients with atypical community-acquired performed at a national reference laboratory. pneumonia (CAP), in order to select candidates for tailored antibi- Results: A total of 165 invasive pneumococci were recovered dur- otic therapy with macrolides. ing the whole period (period A, 1998–2000: 99 isolates; period B, Methods: Data from a prospective study of CAP conducted at a 2001–2003: 66). The rate of invasive disease dropped from an Spanish hospital during two consecutive periods, October 99–Sep- average of 20.6 cases per 100 000 persons in period A to an aver- tember 00, and October 00–September 01, were analysed. An age of 13.8 in period B (33% lower). A similar reduction was extensive non-invasive microbiological investigation was per- observed in those 65 years and older (49.2 per 100 000 vs. 37.8 per formed in all patients, including detection of Legionella pneumo- 100 000, 23.2% reduction). Penicillin susceptibility (S, I, R) in the phila and Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen, and acute and two periods was: A: 73.4, 18.4, 8.2%, and B: 67.2, 31.2, 1.6% convalescent serologic testing. During the first 12-month study (P 0.05). Cefotaxime susceptibility was: A: 83.7, 13.3, 3%, and period, serum biochemical markers of bacterial infection [C-react- B: 85.9, 12.5, 1.6%. Erythromycin susceptibility was: A: 84.7, 1, ive protein, procalcitonin and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein 14.3%, and B: 68.7, 1.6, 29.7% (P 0.05). The most frequent sero- (LBP)] were also performed. Clinical, radiological and laboratory types were (per cent): period A: 4 (16.9), 3 (15.7), 8 (12), 14 (10.8); data of patients with atypical CAP were compared with data from and B: 3 (16.7), 14 (16.7), 19 (11.7), 6A (8.3). patients with non-atypical CAP by univariate and multivariable Conclusions: A significant reduction (33%) in the incidence of analysis. With the best-discriminating variables from the multivar- pneumococcal invasive disease was observed after the vaccination iable analysis, a scoring system model was devised. Each variable programme started. The slight increase in penicillin non-suscept- was assigned 1 point. ROC curves were used to describe sensitiv- ible strains (26.6% vs. 32.8%) was because of intermediate sus- ity and specificity of the model. Two separate models were run. ceptible ones, with a decrease in those highly resistant (8.2% vs. Results: A total of 493 patients were included. On multivariable 1.6%). Erythromycin resistance duplicated in the study period analysis, patients with atypical pneumonia were more likely to (14.3% vs. 29.7%). have air-conditioning exposure (OR 2.64), normal WBC count (OR 2.58), birds at home (OR 2.18), age under 65 years (OR 2.07), non- associated comorbid conditions (OR 2.04), absence of pleuritic chest pain (OR 1.95), and elevated GOT levels (OR 1.87). When the variables age was <65 years, normal WBC, birds at home, ele- vated transaminase levels, and a negative pneumococcal urinary antigen assay were included in the scoring system, a score of 4 P432 Effect of initial treatment on bacteraemic captured patients with atypical pneumonia with a sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia (BSPP) mortality 33% and a specificity of 95%. A second scoring system was con- structed with the 240 patients from the first 12-month study per- V. Pintado, R. Blazquez, E. Loza, J. Cobo, J. Fortun, E. Navas, iod. When the variables age <65 years, normal WBC count, birds C. Quereda, S. Moreno at home, LBP levels <14 mcg/mL and negative urinary antigen Madrid, E assay were included, a score of 4 captured patients with atypical pneumonia with a sensitivity of 49% and a specificity of 95%. Objectives: Community-acquired BSPP is associated with a high Conclusion: Selected patient factors and additional diagnostic test- mortality. Recent studies have suggested that monotherapy may ing can aid to discriminate atypical pneumonia with high specific- be sub-optimal for this infection. The aim of this study was to ity. This information could be useful to ensure effective and safe evaluate the effect of initial antimicrobial therapy on the outcome use of macrolides as empirical monotherapy in CAP. of BSPP. Methods: Retrospective study of adult cases (>18 years) of com- munity-acquired BSPP hospitalised at our institution from 1990 to 2003. Severity of pneumonia was assessed using PORT-score. The impact of penicillin susceptibility and initial empirical treatment (combined therapy vs. monotherapy) on the 30-day mortality were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. P431 Effects of a pneumococcal vaccination programme in Results: A total of 343 cases were evaluated. There were 220 adult invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease: a 3-year males (64%); the mean age was 56.9 years (range, 18–94). Most % experience patients had chronic predisposing conditions and 32 of them had HIV infection. Decreased susceptibility to penicillin F.J. Vasallo, A. Gonza´lez-Escalada, V. del Campo, S. Pe´rez, (MIC > 0.06 mg/L), cefotaxime (MIC > 0.5 mg/L), and erythro- J. Torres mycin (MIC > 1 mg/L) was observed in 34% (108/320), 10% Vigo, E (14/135), and 21% (61/292) of strains. Patients were empirically treated with a beta-lactam (50%), a beta-lactam plus macrolide Objectives: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of serious (26%), or other regimens of monotherapy (10%) or combination infections. The prevention of pneumococcal disease has become therapy (14%). Overall mortality rate was 19%. Mortality was an important public health issue as a result of the rapid increase significantly associated (P < 0.001) with PORT groups: class in the prevalence of pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics. Our I ¼ 1/30 (3%), class II ¼ 5/59 (8%), class III ¼ 5/61 (8%), class aim was to evaluate the effect of a pneumococcal vaccination IV ¼ 25/123 (20%), class V ¼ 28/70 (40%). The mortality rate programme in elderly people (started in autumn, 1999) in was higher in patients with penicillin-resistant strains than in the incidence of invasive disease, and the changes observed in patients with susceptible strains (25% vs. 14%; P ¼ 0.03), but serotypes prevalence and antibiotic resistance during the study was similar in patients receiving monotherapy or combination period. therapy (16% vs. 22%; P ¼ 0.13). Multivariate analysis showed 88 Abstracts that the presence of septic shock and advanced age (>65 years) clinical and radiological parameters, for functional impairment, were the most important factors associated with mortality. and for life expectancy. From all patients valid sputum samples Conclusions: PORT score accurately identifies the mortality risk of were obtained at presentation. community-acquired BSPP. Decreased susceptibility to penicillin Results: A total of 193 patients with a history of COPD and an acute seems to be associated with a worse prognosis. Our study has not exacerbation were included. In 114 subjects, potentially pathogenic confirmed the beneficial impact of empirical combination therapy microbes were isolated, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 12 cases (10.5%). for BSPP. In two patients, bronchiectasis was demonstrated by high-resolu- tion CT scan. Seven individuals infected with Pseudomonas aerugi- nosa died within 1–21 months after initial presentation. Between subjects who did or did not die, there were no significant differ- P433 Comparative, randomised, open, multicentre trial ences with respect to age, frequency of underlying diseases, smo- assessing the efficacy and safety of intravenous/oral king status, or treatment with systemic steroids. All individuals azithromycin compared with intravenous/oral clarithromycin for who succumbed had stage III disease (ATS classification: FEV1<35% predicted). On average, these had a worse lung function the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia due to (VC 49.1 Æ 9% vs. 78.8 Æ 18.9% predicted, FEV1 26 Æ 6.5% Legionella pneumophila vs.43.5 Æ 13.4% predicted, absolute FEV1 0.8 Æ 0.2L vs. 1.0 Æ 0.3L). Emphysema (5/0), a medical history with treatment in J. Roig, M. Sabria´, J. Alegre, M. Gurgui, J.C. Checa – Spanish an ITU (5/1), and with preceding mechanical ventilation (3/1) were Study Group for Legionella more frequent in subjects with a fatal outcome. Conclusion: Presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in individuals pre- Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous (i.v.) senting with an acute exacerbation of COPD is associated with a /oral (p.o.) Azithromycin (AZM) compared with i.v./p.o. clarith- high fatality rate short-term outcome. Particularly severe underly- romycin (CLA) for the treatment of community-acquired pneu- ing airflow obstruction and a medical history of treatment in an monia (CAP) caused by Legionella pneumophila. ITS or mechanical ventilation is associated with an unfavourable Study design: Randomised, open-label, multicentre phase III clin- outcome.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Multigene Eukaryote Phylogeny Reveals the Likely Protozoan Ancestors of Opis- Thokonts (Animals, Fungi, Choanozoans) and Amoebozoa
    Accepted Manuscript Multigene eukaryote phylogeny reveals the likely protozoan ancestors of opis- thokonts (animals, fungi, choanozoans) and Amoebozoa Thomas Cavalier-Smith, Ema E. Chao, Elizabeth A. Snell, Cédric Berney, Anna Maria Fiore-Donno, Rhodri Lewis PII: S1055-7903(14)00279-6 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.012 Reference: YMPEV 4996 To appear in: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Received Date: 24 January 2014 Revised Date: 2 August 2014 Accepted Date: 11 August 2014 Please cite this article as: Cavalier-Smith, T., Chao, E.E., Snell, E.A., Berney, C., Fiore-Donno, A.M., Lewis, R., Multigene eukaryote phylogeny reveals the likely protozoan ancestors of opisthokonts (animals, fungi, choanozoans) and Amoebozoa, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2014), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.ympev.2014.08.012 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. 1 1 Multigene eukaryote phylogeny reveals the likely protozoan ancestors of opisthokonts 2 (animals, fungi, choanozoans) and Amoebozoa 3 4 Thomas Cavalier-Smith1, Ema E. Chao1, Elizabeth A. Snell1, Cédric Berney1,2, Anna Maria 5 Fiore-Donno1,3, and Rhodri Lewis1 6 7 1Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
    [Show full text]
  • Author's Manuscript (764.7Kb)
    1 BROADLY SAMPLED TREE OF EUKARYOTIC LIFE Broadly Sampled Multigene Analyses Yield a Well-resolved Eukaryotic Tree of Life Laura Wegener Parfrey1†, Jessica Grant2†, Yonas I. Tekle2,6, Erica Lasek-Nesselquist3,4, Hilary G. Morrison3, Mitchell L. Sogin3, David J. Patterson5, Laura A. Katz1,2,* 1Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA 2Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, 44 College Lane, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, USA 3Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA 4Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 80 Waterman Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA 5Biodiversity Informatics Group, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA 6Current address: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA †These authors contributed equally *Corresponding author: L.A.K - [email protected] Phone: 413-585-3825, Fax: 413-585-3786 Keywords: Microbial eukaryotes, supergroups, taxon sampling, Rhizaria, systematic error, Excavata 2 An accurate reconstruction of the eukaryotic tree of life is essential to identify the innovations underlying the diversity of microbial and macroscopic (e.g. plants and animals) eukaryotes. Previous work has divided eukaryotic diversity into a small number of high-level ‘supergroups’, many of which receive strong support in phylogenomic analyses. However, the abundance of data in phylogenomic analyses can lead to highly supported but incorrect relationships due to systematic phylogenetic error. Further, the paucity of major eukaryotic lineages (19 or fewer) included in these genomic studies may exaggerate systematic error and reduces power to evaluate hypotheses.
    [Show full text]
  • Third Target of Rapamycin Complex Negatively Regulates Development of Quiescence in Trypanosoma Brucei
    Third target of rapamycin complex negatively regulates development of quiescence in Trypanosoma brucei Antonio Barquillaa, Manuel Saldiviaa, Rosario Diaza, Jean-Mathieu Barta,b, Isabel Vidala, Enrique Calvoc, Michael N. Halld, and Miguel Navarroa,1 aInstituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 18100 Granada, Spain; bCentro Nacional de Medicina Tropical, The Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; cCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and dBiozentrum, University of Basel, CH4056 Basel, Switzerland Edited by Alberto Carlos Frasch, Universidad de San Martin and National Research Council, San Martin, Argentina, and approved July 27, 2012 (receivedfor review June 21, 2012) African trypanosomes are protozoan parasites transmitted by that TbTOR4 assembles into a structurally and functionally a tsetse fly vector to a mammalian host. The life cycle includes unique TOR complex (TbTORC4) that plays a crucial role in the highly proliferative forms and quiescent forms, the latter being T. brucei life cycle. adapted to host transmission. The signaling pathways controlling TbTOR4 contains characteristic TOR kinase domains, in- the developmental switch between the two forms remain un- cluding HEAT, FAT, and FATC domains, but lacks a rapamy- known. Trypanosoma brucei contains two target of rapamycin cin-binding site (RBS). The RBSs in TbTOR1 and TbTOR3 also (TOR) kinases, TbTOR1 and TbTOR2, and two TOR complexes, are poorly conserved and do not interact with FKBP2-rapamycin TbTORC1 and TbTORC2. Surprisingly, two additional TOR kinases (5). Multiple-alignment analysis of TbTOR4 with other members are encoded in the T. brucei genome. We report that TbTOR4 asso- of the PI3K-related kinase (PIKK) superfamily indicates that ciates with an Armadillo domain-containing protein (TbArmtor), TbTOR4 clusters with the TOR family (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • MAPPE PARASSITOLOGICHE MAPPE Alghero 26-29 Giugno 2012
    18 SOIPA Società Italiana di Parassitologia Comune di Alghero SOCIETÀ ITALIANA DI PARASSITOLOGIA XXVII Congresso Nazionale MAPPE PARASSITOLOGICHE MAPPE Alghero 26-29 giugno 2012 Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria In copertina: Protoscolice di Echinococcus granulosus Università degli Studi di Sassari (Foto G. Garippa) MAPPE PARASSITOLOGICHE MAPPE MAPPE PARASSITOLOGICHE 18 Mappe Parassitologiche CONTENTS Series Editor Lettura Magistrale Giuseppe Cringoli Relazioni ai Simposi e Tavola Rotonda Copyrigth© 2012 by Giuseppe Cringoli Comunicazioni Scientifiche del XXVII Congresso Nazionale della Società Italiana di Parassitologia Registered office Veterinary Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Alghero, 26-29 giugno 2012 Department of Pathology and Animal Health GIOVANNI GARIPPA - Nota editoriale . 3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Naples Federico II Via della Veterinaria, 1 Lettura Magistrale 80137 Naples - Italy EUGENIA TOGNOTTI - Americani, comunisti e zanzare . 7 Tel +39 081 2536283 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.parassitologia.unina.it Simposio 1 Epidemiologia della trichinellosi nell’uomo CREMOPAR e negli animali in italia e in europa Centro Regionale per il Monitoraggio delle Parassitosi Località Borgo Cioffi - Eboli (Sa) BRUSCHI F. - We can still learn something from trichinellosis: from a public health problem to a model for studying im- Tel./Fax +39 0828 347149 mune mediated diseases . 13 e-mail: [email protected] POZIO E. - Epidemiology of Trichinella infections in humans All rights reserved – printed in Italy and animals of Italy and Europe . 15 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any REINA D. - Epidemiological situation of trichinellosis in means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or Spain . 16 otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner.
    [Show full text]
  • A Free-Living Protist That Lacks Canonical Eukaryotic DNA Replication and Segregation Systems
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.14.435266; this version posted March 15, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 A free-living protist that lacks canonical eukaryotic DNA replication and segregation systems 2 Dayana E. Salas-Leiva1, Eelco C. Tromer2,3, Bruce A. Curtis1, Jon Jerlström-Hultqvist1, Martin 3 Kolisko4, Zhenzhen Yi5, Joan S. Salas-Leiva6, Lucie Gallot-Lavallée1, Geert J. P. L. Kops3, John M. 4 Archibald1, Alastair G. B. Simpson7 and Andrew J. Roger1* 5 1Centre for Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Bioinformatics (CGEB), Department of 6 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada, B3H 4R2 2 7 Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom 8 3Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute – KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) 9 and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands 10 4Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre, Czech Acad. Sci, České Budějovice, Czech Republic 11 5Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, 12 South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China 13 6CONACyT-Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Departamento de medio ambiente y 14 energía, Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, 31136 Chihuahua, Chih., México 15 7Centre for Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Bioinformatics (CGEB), Department of 16 Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada, B3H 4R2 17 *corresponding author: [email protected] 18 D.E.S-L ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2356-3351 19 E.C.T.
    [Show full text]
  • Leishmania LABCG1 and LABCG2 Transporters
    Manzano et al. Parasites & Vectors (2017) 10:267 DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2198-1 RESEARCH Open Access Leishmania LABCG1 and LABCG2 transporters are involved in virulence and oxidative stress: functional linkage with autophagy José Ignacio Manzano1, Ana Perea1, David León-Guerrero1, Jenny Campos-Salinas1, Lucia Piacenza2, Santiago Castanys1*† and Francisco Gamarro1*† Abstract Background: The G subfamily of ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters of Leishmania include 6 genes (ABCG1-G6), some with relevant biological functions associated with drug resistance and phospholipid transport. Several studies have shown that Leishmania LABCG2 transporter plays a role in the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS), in virulence and in resistance to antimonials. However, the involvement of this transporter in other key biological processes has not been studied. Methods: To better understand the biological function of LABCG2 and its nearly identical tandem-repeated transporter LABCG1, we have generated Leishmania major null mutant parasites for both genes (ΔLABCG1-2). NBD-PS uptake, infectivity, metacyclogenesis, autophagy and thiols were measured. Results: Leishmania major ΔLABCG1-2 parasites present a reduction in NBD-PS uptake, infectivity and virulence. In addition, we have shown that ΔLABCG1-2 parasites in stationary phase growth underwent less metacyclogenesis and presented differences in the plasma membrane’s lipophosphoglycan composition. Considering that autophagy is an important process in terms of parasite virulence and cell differentiation, we have shown an autophagy defect in ΔLABCG1-2 parasites, detected by monitoring expression of the autophagosome marker RFP-ATG8. This defect correlates with increased levels of reactive oxygen species and higher non-protein thiol content in ΔLABCG1-2 parasites. HPLC analysis revealed that trypanothione and glutathione were the main molecules accumulated in these ΔLABCG1-2 parasites.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenomic Analyses Support the Monophyly of Excavata and Resolve Relationships Among Eukaryotic ‘‘Supergroups’’
    Phylogenomic analyses support the monophyly of Excavata and resolve relationships among eukaryotic ‘‘supergroups’’ Vladimir Hampla,b,c, Laura Huga, Jessica W. Leigha, Joel B. Dacksd,e, B. Franz Langf, Alastair G. B. Simpsonb, and Andrew J. Rogera,1 aDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 1X5; bDepartment of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4J1; cDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic; dDepartment of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom; eDepartment of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2H7; and fDepartement de Biochimie, Universite´de Montre´al, Montre´al, QC, Canada H3T 1J4 Edited by Jeffrey D. Palmer, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, and approved January 22, 2009 (received for review August 12, 2008) Nearly all of eukaryotic diversity has been classified into 6 strong support for an incorrect phylogeny (16, 19, 24). Some recent suprakingdom-level groups (supergroups) based on molecular and analyses employ objective data filtering approaches that isolate and morphological/cell-biological evidence; these are Opisthokonta, remove the sites or taxa that contribute most to these systematic Amoebozoa, Archaeplastida, Rhizaria, Chromalveolata, and Exca- errors (19, 24). vata. However, molecular phylogeny has not provided clear evi- The prevailing model of eukaryotic phylogeny posits 6 major dence that either Chromalveolata or Excavata is monophyletic, nor supergroups (25–28): Opisthokonta, Amoebozoa, Archaeplastida, has it resolved the relationships among the supergroups. To Rhizaria, Chromalveolata, and Excavata. With some caveats, solid establish the affinities of Excavata, which contains parasites of molecular phylogenetic evidence supports the monophyly of each of global importance and organisms regarded previously as primitive Rhizaria, Archaeplastida, Opisthokonta, and Amoebozoa (16, 18, eukaryotes, we conducted a phylogenomic analysis of a dataset of 29–34).
    [Show full text]
  • Systema Naturae. the Classification of Living Organisms
    Systema Naturae. The classification of living organisms. c Alexey B. Shipunov v. 5.601 (June 26, 2007) Preface Most of researches agree that kingdom-level classification of living things needs the special rules and principles. Two approaches are possible: (a) tree- based, Hennigian approach will look for main dichotomies inside so-called “Tree of Life”; and (b) space-based, Linnaean approach will look for the key differences inside “Natural System” multidimensional “cloud”. Despite of clear advantages of tree-like approach (easy to develop rules and algorithms; trees are self-explaining), in many cases the space-based approach is still prefer- able, because it let us to summarize any kinds of taxonomically related da- ta and to compare different classifications quite easily. This approach also lead us to four-kingdom classification, but with different groups: Monera, Protista, Vegetabilia and Animalia, which represent different steps of in- creased complexity of living things, from simple prokaryotic cell to compound Nature Precedings : doi:10.1038/npre.2007.241.2 Posted 16 Aug 2007 eukaryotic cell and further to tissue/organ cell systems. The classification Only recent taxa. Viruses are not included. Abbreviations: incertae sedis (i.s.); pro parte (p.p.); sensu lato (s.l.); sedis mutabilis (sed.m.); sedis possi- bilis (sed.poss.); sensu stricto (s.str.); status mutabilis (stat.m.); quotes for “environmental” groups; asterisk for paraphyletic* taxa. 1 Regnum Monera Superphylum Archebacteria Phylum 1. Archebacteria Classis 1(1). Euryarcheota 1 2(2). Nanoarchaeota 3(3). Crenarchaeota 2 Superphylum Bacteria 3 Phylum 2. Firmicutes 4 Classis 1(4). Thermotogae sed.m. 2(5).
    [Show full text]
  • Inferring Ancestry
    Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1176 Inferring Ancestry Mitochondrial Origins and Other Deep Branches in the Eukaryote Tree of Life DING HE ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS ISSN 1651-6214 ISBN 978-91-554-9031-7 UPPSALA urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-231670 2014 Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Fries salen, Evolutionsbiologiskt centrum, Norbyvägen 18, 752 36, Uppsala, Friday, 24 October 2014 at 10:30 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Faculty examiner: Professor Andrew Roger (Dalhousie University). Abstract He, D. 2014. Inferring Ancestry. Mitochondrial Origins and Other Deep Branches in the Eukaryote Tree of Life. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1176. 48 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-9031-7. There are ~12 supergroups of complex-celled organisms (eukaryotes), but relationships among them (including the root) remain elusive. For Paper I, I developed a dataset of 37 eukaryotic proteins of bacterial origin (euBac), representing the conservative protein core of the proto- mitochondrion. This gives a relatively short distance between ingroup (eukaryotes) and outgroup (mitochondrial progenitor), which is important for accurate rooting. The resulting phylogeny reconstructs three eukaryote megagroups and places one, Discoba (Excavata), as sister group to the other two (neozoa). This rejects the reigning “Unikont-Bikont” root and highlights the evolutionary importance of Excavata. For Paper II, I developed a 150-gene dataset to test relationships in supergroup SAR (Stramenopila, Alveolata, Rhizaria). Analyses of all 150-genes give different trees with different methods, but also reveal artifactual signal due to extremely long rhizarian branches and illegitimate sequences due to horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or contamination.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Biological Laboratory) Data Are All from EST Analyses
    TABLE S1. Data characterized for this study. rDNA 3 - - Culture 3 - etK sp70cyt rc5 f1a f2 ps22a ps23a Lineage Taxon accession # Lab sec61 SSU 14 40S Actin Atub Btub E E G H Hsp90 M R R T SUM Cercomonadida Heteromita globosa 50780 Katz 1 1 Cercomonadida Bodomorpha minima 50339 Katz 1 1 Euglyphida Capsellina sp. 50039 Katz 1 1 1 1 4 Gymnophrea Gymnophrys sp. 50923 Katz 1 1 2 Cercomonadida Massisteria marina 50266 Katz 1 1 1 1 4 Foraminifera Ammonia sp. T7 Katz 1 1 2 Foraminifera Ovammina opaca Katz 1 1 1 1 4 Gromia Gromia sp. Antarctica Katz 1 1 Proleptomonas Proleptomonas faecicola 50735 Katz 1 1 1 1 4 Theratromyxa Theratromyxa weberi 50200 Katz 1 1 Ministeria Ministeria vibrans 50519 Katz 1 1 Fornicata Trepomonas agilis 50286 Katz 1 1 Soginia “Soginia anisocystis” 50646 Katz 1 1 1 1 1 5 Stephanopogon Stephanopogon apogon 50096 Katz 1 1 Carolina Tubulinea Arcella hemisphaerica 13-1310 Katz 1 1 2 Cercomonadida Heteromita sp. PRA-74 MBL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 Rhizaria Corallomyxa tenera 50975 MBL 1 1 1 3 Euglenozoa Diplonema papillatum 50162 MBL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 Euglenozoa Bodo saltans CCAP1907 MBL 1 1 1 1 1 5 Alveolates Chilodonella uncinata 50194 MBL 1 1 1 1 4 Amoebozoa Arachnula sp. 50593 MBL 1 1 2 Katz lab work based on genomic PCRs and MBL (Marine Biological Laboratory) data are all from EST analyses. Culture accession number is ATTC unless noted. GenBank accession numbers for new sequences (including paralogs) are GQ377645-GQ377715 and HM244866-HM244878.
    [Show full text]
  • AQPX-Cluster Aquaporins and Aquaglyceroporins Are
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02472-9 OPEN AQPX-cluster aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins are asymmetrically distributed in trypanosomes ✉ ✉ Fiorella Carla Tesan 1,2, Ramiro Lorenzo 3, Karina Alleva 1,2,4 & Ana Romina Fox 3,4 Major Intrinsic Proteins (MIPs) are membrane channels that permeate water and other small solutes. Some trypanosomatid MIPs mediate the uptake of antiparasitic compounds, placing them as potential drug targets. However, a thorough study of the diversity of these channels is still missing. Here we place trypanosomatid channels in the sequence-function space of the large MIP superfamily through a sequence similarity network. This analysis exposes that trypanosomatid aquaporins integrate a distant cluster from the currently defined MIP 1234567890():,; families, here named aquaporin X (AQPX). Our phylogenetic analyses reveal that trypano- somatid MIPs distribute exclusively between aquaglyceroporin (GLP) and AQPX, being the AQPX family expanded in the Metakinetoplastina common ancestor before the origin of the parasitic order Trypanosomatida. Synteny analysis shows how African trypanosomes spe- cifically lost AQPXs, whereas American trypanosomes specifically lost GLPs. AQPXs diverge from already described MIPs on crucial residues. Together, our results expose the diversity of trypanosomatid MIPs and will aid further functional, structural, and physiological research needed to face the potentiality of the AQPXs as gateways for trypanocidal drugs. 1 Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Fisicomatemática, Cátedra de Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 2 CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina. 3 Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA) Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro ✉ de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina.
    [Show full text]
  • Other Body Administered by the Natural Environment Research Council, As the Institute of Freshwater Ecology (IFE)
    Published work on freshwater science from the FBA, IFE and CEH, 1929-2006 Item Type book Authors McCulloch, I.D.; Pettman, Ian; Jolly, O. Publisher Freshwater Biological Association Download date 30/09/2021 19:41:46 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/22791 PUBLISHED WORK ON FRESHWATER SCIENCE FROM THE FRESHWATER BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, INSTITUTE OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY AND CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY, 1929–2006 Compiled by IAN MCCULLOCH, IAN PETTMAN, JACK TALLING AND OLIVE JOLLY I.D. McCulloch, CEH Lancaster, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK Email: [email protected] I. Pettman*, Dr J.F. Talling & O. Jolly, Freshwater Biological Association, The Ferry Landing, Far Sawrey, Ambleside, Cumbria LA22 0LP, UK * Email: [email protected] Editor: Karen J. Rouen Freshwater Biological Association Occasional Publication No. 32 2008 Published by The Freshwater Biological Association The Ferry Landing, Far Sawrey, Ambleside, Cumbria LA22 0LP, UK. www.fba.org.uk Registered Charity No. 214440. Company Limited by Guarantee, Reg. No. 263162, England. © Freshwater Biological Association 2008 ISSN 0308-6739 (Print) ISSN 1759-0698 (Online) INTRODUCTION Here we provide a new listing of published scientific contributions from the Freshwater Biological Association (FBA) and its later Research Council associates – the Institute of Freshwater Ecology (1989–2000) and the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (2000+). The period 1929–2006 is covered. Our main aim has been to offer a convenient reference work to the large body of information now available. Remarkably, but understandably, the titles are widely regarded as the domain of specialists; probably few are consulted by administrators or general naturalists.
    [Show full text]